CN107105686A - 富含莱鲍迪苷d、e、n和/或o的甜菊提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
富含莱鲍迪苷d、e、n和/或o的甜菊提取物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107105686A CN107105686A CN201580056484.4A CN201580056484A CN107105686A CN 107105686 A CN107105686 A CN 107105686A CN 201580056484 A CN201580056484 A CN 201580056484A CN 107105686 A CN107105686 A CN 107105686A
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Classifications
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- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C9/13—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using additives
- A23C9/1307—Milk products or derivatives; Fruit or vegetable juices; Sugars, sugar alcohols, sweeteners; Oligosaccharides; Organic acids or salts thereof or acidifying agents; Flavours, dyes or pigments; Inert or aerosol gases; Carbonation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/005—Methods for micropropagation; Vegetative plant propagation using cell or tissue culture techniques
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/12—Leaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
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- A01H6/1488—Stevia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A21D13/06—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
描述了从甜菊(Stevia rebaudiana)植物的叶子制得的甜菊提取物。所述提取物具有所需水平的甜菊醇糖苷,其中莱鲍迪苷D、E、N或O中的任一种或多种以较高浓度存在,并且所述提取物可用于食品、饮料和其他消费品中。
Description
相关申请
这个发明专利申请要求来自以下的优先权权益:2014年9月2日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/044,626;2014年10月3日提交的美国临时申请号62/059,562;2014年10月8日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/061,363;和2014年10月16日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/064,601;将其每篇内容全部按引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备包含甜菊醇糖苷的组合物的方法。本发明还涉及包含甜菊醇糖苷的组合物作为甜味剂和/或风味增强剂的用途。
发明背景
高强度甜味剂具有高于蔗糖甜度水平许多倍的甜度水平。它们基本上是无热量的并且通常用于减肥和低热量产品中,包括食品和饮料。高强度甜味剂不会引起升糖反应,这使其适用于针对糖尿病和其他对控制碳水化合物摄入感兴趣的人群的产品中。
甜菊醇糖苷是一类在甜菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)的叶中发现的化合物,甜菊是南美某些地区土生土长的菊科(Asteraceae)(菊科(Compositae))多年生灌木。它们在结构上通过单碱基甜菊醇来表征,通过位置C13和C19的碳水化合物残基的存在来区分。它们在甜菊叶中累积,构成总干重的大约10%-20%。基于干重,在甜菊叶中发现的四种主要糖苷通常包括蛇菊苷(9.1%)、莱鲍迪苷A(3.8%)、莱鲍迪苷C(0.6-1.0%)和甜苷A(0.3%)。
Morita等2011(US13/122,232)和Ohta等2010(Ohta M.,Sasa S.,Inoue A.,TamaiT.,Fujita I,Morita K.,和Matsuura F.(2010)Characterization of novel steviolglycosides from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Morita,J.Appl.Glycosci.57,199-209)描述了在某些甜菊栽培品种的叶中发现了痕量浓度的莱鲍迪苷D、E、M、N和O。由于这个原因,只有通过复杂的纯化技术,如色谱、结晶等,才能实现那些糖苷的纯化,特别是莱鲍迪苷D、E、M、N和O。
通常认为没有进一步的处理,如单独甜菊醇糖苷的结晶、分选、分离和纯化,甜菊的水提物不适用于食品和饮料应用中。对此的原因是常规的未处理的甜菊提取物中更好口感的糖苷(特别是莱鲍迪苷D、E、M、N和O)的低浓度。
因此,仍然需要含有较高浓度的莱鲍迪苷D、E、M、N和O的新甜菊栽培品种,其可以制造具有较高浓度的各自糖苷的甜菊提取物并且没有单独甜菊醇糖苷的进一步处理(如结晶、分选、分离和纯化)就用作甜味剂和/或风味成分。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种用于从甜菊生物质制备包含甜菊醇糖苷的组合物的方法。本发明还涉及包含甜菊醇糖苷的组合物作为甜味剂和/或风味增强剂的用途。
下文中,术语“甜菊醇糖苷”将表示甜菊中天然产生的甜菊醇糖苷,包括但不限于甜菊醇单苷、甜菊醇双苷、悬钩子苷、甜苷B、甜苷A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷G、蛇菊苷、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷F、莱鲍迪苷A、莱鲍迪苷I、莱鲍迪苷E、莱鲍迪苷H、莱鲍迪苷L、莱鲍迪苷K、莱鲍迪苷J、莱鲍迪苷M、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O,及其组合。
下文中,术语“RebA”、“RebB”、“RebC”、“RebD”、“RebE”、“RebF”、“RebM”、“RebN”和“RebO”是指莱鲍迪苷A、B、C、D、E、F、M、N和O。
下文中,术语“RebD2”、“RebG”、“RebH”、“RebI”、“RebJ”、“RebK”、“RebL”、“RebM2”、“RebP”、“RebQ”、“RebR”、“RebS”、“RebT”、“RebU”、“RebV”、“RebW”、“RebX”、“RebY”和“RebZ”是指莱鲍迪苷D2、G、H、I、J、K、L、M2、P、Q、R、S、T、U、V、W、X、Y和Z。
下文中,术语“Stev”、“Sbio”、“DulA”、“Rub”是指蛇菊苷、甜菊醇双苷、甜苷A和悬钩子苷。
下文中,术语“TSG含量”将表示总甜菊醇糖苷(TSG)含量,并且将计算为莱鲍迪苷A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷E、莱鲍迪苷F、莱鲍迪苷M、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O、蛇菊苷、甜菊醇双苷、甜苷A和悬钩子苷浓度的总和,基于wt/wt干基。
下文中,术语“相对浓度”将表示莱鲍迪苷A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷E、莱鲍迪苷F、莱鲍迪苷M、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O、蛇菊苷、甜菊醇双苷、甜苷A或悬钩子苷的浓度(以wt/wt干基)与总甜菊醇糖苷(TSG)含量的百分比。例如,如果组合物包含10%RebD、40%Stev、0%RebA、0%RebB、0%RebC、0%RebD、0%RebE、0%RebF、0%RebM、0%RebN、0%Sbio、0%DulA和0%Rub(所有浓度为%wt/wt干基),组合物的TSG含量将为50%(wt/wt干基)。因为RebO的浓度为10%(wt/wt干基),RebO的相对浓度将为20%,并且将如下计算:
RebO的相对浓度(%)={RebO的浓度(%wt/wt干基)/TSG含量(%wt/wt干基)}*100%
相似地,可以计算其他糖苷的相对浓度。“普通相对浓度”应当是指甜菊植物的已知种类和未处理水提物中出现的甜菊醇糖苷的相对浓度。如本文中使用的,“未处理水提物”应当是指来自甜菊植物的未接受用于从提取物纯化、分离或进一步浓缩某些甜菊醇糖苷的技术的一种或多种提取物。
下文中,术语“相对比”将表示一种甜菊醇糖苷与另一种的比例。例如,如果组合物包含10%RebD、40%Stev、0%RebA、0%RebB、0%RebC、0%RebD、0%RebE、0%RebF、0%RebM、0%RebN、0%Sbio、0%DulA和0%Rub(所有浓度为%wt/wt干基),RebO与蛇菊苷的相对比将为0.25,并且将如下计算:
RebO与Stev的相对比=RebO的浓度(%wt/wt干基)/Stev的浓度(%wt/wt干基)
在本发明中,甜菊植物生物量,特别是干叶,将用作起始材料。任选地,叶子也可以是未干燥的。叶子可以任选研磨成细粉。然而,不仅是叶,甜菊植物的其他部分,如茎、根、花等,或其组合,也可以用作起始材料。
用于制备甜菊醇糖苷的方法可以包括步骤:
a)提供甜菊叶,其中甜菊叶包含至少一种选自RebE、RebM、RebD、RebN和RebO的甜菊醇糖苷,其中甜菊醇糖苷以高于普通相对浓度存在,
b)提供溶剂;
c)将甜菊叶接触溶剂,从叶中提取甜菊醇糖苷;
d)分离甜菊叶,获得包含至少一种选自RebE、RebM、RebD、RebN和RebO的甜菊醇糖苷的甜菊提取物溶液,其中甜菊醇糖苷以高于普通相对浓度存在,HSG-提取物。
溶剂可以是水、醇、含水醇,或任何其他已知用于生产甜菊提取物或植物提取物的溶剂。
该方法可以进一步包括已知用于甜菊醇糖苷生产中的其他精制和纯化技术或方法。非限制性实例包括絮凝、离子交换树脂处理、膜滤、大孔吸附树脂处理、活性炭处理、色谱分离、结晶、离心、混合、干燥、研磨、过筛、造粒、成团、溶解,以任何顺序或步骤数。
本发明提供了称为“HSG提取物”的甜菊组合物,其包含至少一种选自莱鲍迪苷E、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷M、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O的甜菊醇糖苷或其组合,其中至少一种选自RebE、RebD、RebM、RebN和RebO的甜菊醇糖苷以高于甜菊植物的已知种类和/或未处理水提物中出现的普通相对浓度的相对浓度存在。
详述
本发明涉及用于从甜菊生物质制备包含甜菊醇糖苷的组合物的方法。本发明还涉及包含甜菊醇糖苷的组合物作为甜味剂和/或风味增强剂的用途。
本发明提供了新的甜菊植物栽培品种,其包含至少一种选自莱鲍迪苷E、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷M、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O或其组合的甜菊醇糖苷,其中所述至少一种选自RebE、RebD、RebM、RebN和RebO的甜菊醇糖苷以高于甜菊植物的已知种类和未处理水提物中出现的普通相对浓度的相对浓度存在。
在特定实施方案中,新的栽培品种是命名为甜菊814011、807086、817096的栽培品种,其通过甜菊植物的选择性育种获得。
可以通过从保藏在中国普通微生物保藏管理中心(CGMCC,微生物研究所,中国科学研究院,大屯路,朝阳区,北京100101,中国;电话:86-10-64807355,传真:86-10-64807288)的愈伤组织培养物生长来完成具有本文中所述的理想特征的甜菊植物的产生,并且将保藏号No.9701指定给甜菊栽培品种814001,No.9702指定给甜菊栽培品种807086和No.9703指定给甜菊栽培品种817096。
还可能使用至少一个保藏系,通过常规杂交育种技术或分子技术,将一个或多个遗传元件(基因、启动子、蛋白编码序列等)转移至其他甜菊植物,来产生甜菊的品种和系。
或者,可以使用至少一个选自814011、807086、817096和/或其种子的甜菊栽培品种,通过单独的传统选择和杂交育种,或结合化学或辐射诱导的突变来产生新的甜菊植物。
在一个实施方案中,新的甜菊植物栽培品种是至少一个选自814011、807086、817096的甜菊栽培品种的F1、F2、F3或随后的子代。
在另一个实施方案中,高RebD植物是至少一个选自814011、807086、817096的甜菊栽培品种的第一代或随后的子代,814011、807086、817096的种子接受了化学或辐射诱变。
在另一个实施方案中,公开了杂交育种新的高RebM甜菊栽培品种的方法。在所述杂交育种方法中,一个亲本植物是具有低RebM、高RebE和高RebD含量的栽培品种(例如,817096),而另一个亲本是具有高RebM含量的栽培品种(例如,814011)。
在一个实施方案中,新的高RebM甜菊植物栽培品种是甜菊栽培品种814011和817096的F1、F2、F3或随后的子代。
在特定实施方案中,新的甜菊栽培品种的干叶中的RebE的相对浓度为至少1.0%。
在特定实施方案中,新的甜菊栽培品种的干叶中的RebM的相对浓度为至少1.4%。
在特定实施方案中,新的甜菊栽培品种的干叶中的RebD的相对浓度为至少2.4%。
在特定实施方案中,新的甜菊栽培品种的干叶中的RebN的相对浓度为至少1.6%。
在特定实施方案中,新的甜菊栽培品种的干叶中的RebO的相对浓度为至少0.8%。
在特定实施方案中,新甜菊栽培品种的干叶中的至少一种选自RebD2、RebG、RebH、RebI、RebJ、RebK、RebL、RebM2、RebP、RebQ、RebR、RebS、RebT、RebU、RebV、RebW、RebX、RebY、RebZ和其他甜菊醇糖苷的化合物的相对浓度为至少0.1%。
在一个实施方案中,将选自814011、807086、817096的至少一个甜菊栽培品种的干叶接受水提(例如,根据US13/122,232中所述的程序),来制备称为“HSG-提取物”的甜菊组合物。任何其他提取方法也可以使用。
本发明提供了称为“HSG-提取物”的甜菊组合物,其包含至少一种选自RebE、RebM、RebD、RebN和RebO的甜菊醇糖苷,其中甜菊醇糖苷以高于甜菊植物的已知种类和未处理水提物中出现的普通相对浓度存在,并且其中这种普通相对浓度,对于RebE为1.0%,对于RebM为1.4%,对于RebD为2.4%,对于RebN为1.6%和对于RebO为0.8%。
在特定实施方案中,通过新甜菊栽培品种的干叶的水提产生的“HSG-提取物”中的RebE的相对浓度为至少1.0%。
在特定实施方案中,通过新甜菊栽培品种的干叶的水提产生的“HSG-提取物”中的RebM的相对浓度为至少1.4%。
在特定实施方案中,通过新甜菊栽培品种的干叶的水提产生的“HSG-提取物”中的RebD的相对浓度为至少2.4%。
在特定实施方案中,通过新甜菊栽培品种的干叶的水提产生的“HSG-提取物”中的RebN的相对浓度为至少1.6%。
在特定实施方案中,通过新甜菊栽培品种的干叶的水提产生的“HSG-提取物”中的RebO的相对浓度为至少0.8%。
在特定实施方案中,通过新甜菊栽培品种的干叶的水提产生的“HSG-提取物”中的至少一种选自RebD2、RebG、RebH、RebI、RebJ、RebK、RebL、RebM2、RebP、RebQ、RebR、RebS、RebT、RebU、RebV、RebW、RebX、RebY、RebZ和其他甜菊醇糖苷的化合物的相对浓度为至少0.1%。
任选地,本发明的方法进一步包括从HSG-提取物纯化RebE、RebM、RebD、RebN和RebO。可以使用任何合适的纯化方法,例如,结晶、通过膜分离、离心、萃取(液相或固相)、色谱分离、HPLC(制备性或分析性),或这些方法的组合。
在一个实施方案中,作为混合物的一部分提供HSG-提取物。在特定实施方案中,混合物选自甜菊醇糖苷的混合物、甜菊提取物、其他甜菊醇糖苷分离和纯化方法的副产物,或其任意组合。在一个实施方案中,混合物含有基于干基含量范围为约10%至约99%的HSG-提取物,如,例如,约20%至约99%,约30%至约99%,约40%至约99%,约50%至约99%,约60%至约99%,约70%至约99%,约80%至于99%和约90%至约99%。在特定实施方案中,混合物含有基于干基含量高于约90%的HSG-提取物,例如,高于约91%,高于约92%,高于约93%,高于约94%,高于约95%,高于约96%,高于约97%,高于约98%和高于约99%。
在一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物含有一种或多种其他甜菊醇糖苷,包括,但不限于,天然产生的甜菊醇糖苷,例如,甜菊醇单苷、甜菊醇双苷、悬钩子苷、甜苷B、甜苷A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷G、蛇菊苷、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷F、莱鲍迪苷A、莱鲍迪苷I、莱鲍迪苷E、莱鲍迪苷H、莱鲍迪苷L、莱鲍迪苷K、莱鲍迪苷J、莱鲍迪苷M、莱鲍迪苷M2、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷D2、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O、合成的甜菊醇糖苷,例如,酶糖基化的甜菊醇糖苷,及其组合。
HSG-提取物可以以组合物加入消费品时有效提供约1ppm至约10,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中,如,例如,约1ppm至约4,000ppm,约1ppm至约3,000ppm,约1ppm至约2,000ppm,约1ppm至约1,000ppm。在另一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以组合物加入消费品时有效提供约10ppm至约1,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中,如,例如,约10ppm至约800ppm,约50ppm至约800ppm,约50ppm至约600ppm或约200ppm至约250ppm。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以组合物加入消费品时有效提供约300ppm至约600ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
甜味剂组合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的甜味剂组合物。
如本文中使用的,“甜味剂组合物”是指用于使可增甜组合物(即,可以被加甜的组合物)增强的组合物,其含有至少一种甜味组分,并结合至少一种其他物质。
在一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物是甜味剂组合物中的唯一甜味剂,即,HSG-提取物是存在于甜味剂组合物中的提供可检测甜度的唯一化合物。在另一个实施方案中,甜味剂组合物包括HSG-提取物的化合物,并结合一种或多种甜味剂化合物。
HSG-提取物在甜味剂组合物中的量可以改变。在一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以甜味剂组合物加入可增甜组合物或可增甜消费品时给予所需甜度的任意量存在于甜味剂组合物中。
还可以相对于蔗糖参照物,通过测定非蔗糖甜味剂的蔗糖当量,来测量非蔗糖甜味剂的甜度。通常,训练品尝小组成员来检测含有1-15%蔗糖(w/v)的参照蔗糖溶液的甜度。然后以连续稀释来品尝其他非蔗糖甜味剂,以确定与给定百分比的蔗糖参照一样甜的非蔗糖甜味剂的浓度。例如,如果1%的甜味剂溶液与10%蔗糖溶液一样甜,那么将甜味剂称为效力为蔗糖的10倍。
在一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以甜味剂组合物加入可增甜组合物或可增甜消费品)中时有效提供高于约10%(w/v)蔗糖当量的量存在于甜味剂组合物中,如,例如,高于约11%,高于约12%,高于约13%或高于约14%。
参照溶液中的蔗糖的量并且因此另一种甜度测量可以以白利糖度(°Bx)来描述。一白利糖度是100克溶液中1克蔗糖并且将溶液强度表示为重量百分比(%w/w)(严格来讲,是质量)。在一个实施方案中,甜味剂组合物包含存在于增甜的组合物中时含量能有效提供约0.50至14度白利糖度的甜度当量的HSG-提取物,如,例如,约5至约11度白利糖度,约4至约7度白利糖度,或约5度白利糖度。再在另一个实施方案中,包括HSG-提取物的组合物含有含量能有效提供上述任一个甜度当量的至少一种其他甜味剂。
在一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以甜味剂组合物加入消费品(例如,饮料)中时有效提供约1ppm至约10,000ppm浓度的量存在于甜味剂组合物中,如,例如,约1ppm至约4,000ppm,约1ppm至约3,000ppm,约1ppm至约2,000ppm,约1ppm至约1,000ppm。在另一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以组合物加入消费品时有效提供约10ppm至约1,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中,如,例如,约10ppm至约800ppm,约50ppm至约800ppm,约50ppm至约600ppm或约200ppm至约250ppm。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以甜味剂组合物加入消费品时有效提供约300ppm至约600ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
在一些实施方案中,HSG-提取物以甜味剂组合物加入消费品(例如,饮料)时有效提供高于、等于或低于其阈值甜味剂识别水平的化合物浓度的量存在于甜味剂组合物中。
风味增强组合物
在一个方面中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的风味增强组合物。
如本文中使用的,“风味增强剂组合物”是指能够增强或强化消费品中特定风味感知的组合物。术语“风味增强组合物”或“风味增强剂”与术语“风味增效剂”、“风味增大剂”和“风味强化剂”是同义的。通常,本文中提供的风味增强组合物可以增强或强化风味成分的味道,所述风味成分即提供甜度、酸度、咸度、可口度(savoriness)、苦味、金属味、涩味、甜味回味、甜味起始等的任何物质。不受任何理论的束缚,风味增强组合物很可能没有给添加其的消费品提供任何明显的味道,因为HSG-提取物以等于或低于其风味识别阈值浓度的浓度存在于消费品中。
如本文中使用的,“风味识别阈值浓度”是指消费品中可感知的组分(例如,化合物)的特定风味或异味的最低浓度。风味识别阈值浓度对于不同的化合物是不同的,并且可以关于单独感知风味或特定消费品而改变。
在一个实施方案中,风味增强组合物包含风味增强组合物加入消费品时的量能有效提供浓度等于或低于HSG-提取物的阈值风味识别浓度的HSG-提取物。
在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以风味增强组合物加入消费品时有效提供浓度低于HSG-提取物的阈值风味识别浓度的量存在于风味增强组合物中。
在某些实施方案中,HSG-提取物以风味增强组合物加入消费品时有效提供浓度为低于阈值风味识别浓度的至少约1%,至少约5%,至少约10%,至少约15%,至少约20%,至少约25%,至少约30%,至少约35%,至少约40%,至少约45%或至少约50%或更高的量存在于风味增强组合物中。
在一些实施方案中,HSG-提取物以加入消费品时将提供约0.5至约1000ppm浓度范围的量存在于风味增强组合物中。例如,HSG-提取物以加入消费品时提供约1ppm至约300ppm,约0.1ppm至约75ppm,或约500ppm至约3,000ppm的浓度范围存在于组合物中。
本领域技术人员将能够选择HSG-提取物在风味增强组合物中的浓度,使得其可以给予包含至少一种风味成分的消费品增强的风味。例如,本领域技术人员可以选择风味增强组合物中的HSG-提取物浓度,使得风味增强组合物加入时,风味增强组合物和/或HSG-提取物没有给予消费品任何可感知的风味。
在一个实施方案中,与不存在风味增强剂的消费品中检测到的相同成分的风味相比,风味增强组合物的添加提高了消费者中检测到的至少一种风味成分的风味。
合适的风味成分包括,但不限于,香草醛、香草提取物、芒果提取物、肉桂、柑橘、椰子、生姜、绿花白千层醇、杏仁、薄荷醇(包括没有薄荷的薄荷醇)、葡萄皮提取物和葡萄籽提取物。“风味剂”和“风味成分”是同义的并且可以包括天然或合成物质或其组合。风味剂还包括其给予风味的任何其他物质,并且可以包括以公认范围使用时对人或动物安全的天然或非天然(合成)物质。专有风味剂的非限制性实例包括天然风味甜味增强剂K14323(Darmstadt,德国),SymriseTM用于甜味剂的天然风味遮掩剂161453和164126(SymriseTM,Holzminden,德国),Natural AdvantageTM苦味阻断剂1、2、9和10(Natural AdvantageTM,Freehold,新泽西,美国)以及SucramaskTM(Creative ResearchManagement,Stockton,加利福尼亚,美国)。
在另一个实施方案中,加入消费品中时,包含HSG-提取物的风味增强剂组合物增强了风味(单独的风味或整体风味)。或者,HSG-提取物可以直接加入消费品中来增强风味,即,没有以组合物的形式提供。在这个实施方案中,HSG-提取物是风味增强剂并且以等于或低于其阈值风味识别浓度的浓度加入消费品中。
在特定实施方案中,风味增强组合物是甜度增强组合物。如本文中使用的,“甜度增强组合物”是指能够增强或强化消费品(如饮料)的甜味感知的组合物。术语“甜度增强剂”与术语“甜味增效剂”、“甜度增效剂”、“甜度扩大剂”和“甜度强化剂”同义。
如本文中使用的,“甜度识别阈值浓度”是人味觉可感知的甜味化合物的最低已知浓度。通常,本发明的甜度增强组合物可以增强或强化消费品的甜味而自身没有提供任何可注意到的甜味,因为甜度增强组合物中的HSG-提取物的浓度等于或低于其甜度识别阈值浓度,不管是在甜度增强组合物中,还是在已经添加甜度增强组合物后的消费品中,或两者中。甜度识别阈值浓度对于特定化合物是特异性的,并且可以根据温度、基质、成分和/或风味体系而改变。
在一个实施方案中,甜度增强组合物包含甜度增强组合物加入消费品中时能有效提供浓度等于或低于HSG-提取物的阈值甜度识别浓度的量的HSG-提取物。
在特定实施方案中,甜度增强组合物包含甜度增强组合物加入消费品中时能有效提供其浓度低于HSG-提取物的阈值甜度识别浓度的量的HSG-提取物。
在某些实施方案中,HSG-提取物以甜味增强组合物加入消费品时有效提供浓度为低于HSG-提取物的阈值甜度识别浓度的至少约1%,至少约5%,至少约10%,至少约15%,至少约20%,至少约25%,至少约30%,至少约35%,至少约40%,至少约45%或至少约50%或更高的量存在于甜度增强组合物中。
在一些实施方案中,HSG-提取物以加入消费品时将提供约0.5至约1000ppm浓度范围的HSG-提取物的化合物的量存在于甜度增强组合物中。例如,HSG-提取物以加入消费品时将提供约1ppm至约300ppm,约0.1ppm至约75ppm,或约500ppm至约3,000ppm的浓度范围的量存在于组合物中。或者,HSG-提取物可以直接加入消费品中来增强甜度,即,没有以组合物的形式提供。在这个实施方案中,HSG-提取物是甜度味增强剂并且以等于或低于其甜度识别阈值浓度的浓度加入消费品中。
通常参照蔗糖溶液来测量给定组合物的甜度。通常参见“A Systematic Study ofConcentration-Response Relationships of Sweeteners(甜味剂的浓度-响应关系的系统性研究)"G.E.DuBois,D.E.Walters,S.S.Schiffman,Z.S.Warwick,B.J.Booth,S.D.Pecore,K.Gibes,B.T.Carr和L.M.Brands,见Sweeteners:Discovery,MolecularDesign and Chemoreception(甜味剂:发现、分子设计和化学感受),D.E.Walters,F.T.Orthoefer,和G.E.DuBois编辑,American Chemical Society,Washington,DC(1991),pp 261-276)。
可以预见的是甜度增强组合物可以包括一种或多种除了HSG-提取物以外的甜度增强剂。在一个实施方案中,甜度增强组合物可以包括一种其他的甜度增强剂。在其他实施方案中,甜度增强组合物可以包括两种或更多种其他甜度增强剂。在其中利用两种或更多种甜度增强剂的实施方案中,每种甜度增强剂应当以低于其各自的甜度识别阈值浓度存在。
合适的甜度增强剂包括,但不限于,2-羟基苯甲酸、3-羟基苯甲酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸、2,6-二羟基苯甲酸、2,3,4-三羟基苯甲酸、2,4,6-三羟基苯甲酸、3-氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基苯甲酸、FEMA GRAS增强剂4469、FEMA GRAS增强剂4701、FEMA GRAS增强剂4720、FEMA GRAS增强剂4774、FEMA GRAS增强剂4708、FEMA GRAS增强剂4728、FEMA GRAS增强剂4601及其组合。
合适的甜味剂包括,但不限于,蔗糖、甘油醛、二羟基丙酮、赤藓糖、苏糖、赤藓酮糖、阿拉伯糖、来苏糖、核糖、木糖、核酮糖、木酮糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、甘露糖、塔罗糖、果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖、塔格糖、甘露庚酮糖、景天庚糖、octolose、岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、松二糖、sialose、莱鲍迪苷A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷E、莱鲍迪苷F、莱鲍迪苷H、莱鲍迪苷L、莱鲍迪苷K、莱鲍迪苷J、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O、甜苷A、甜苷B、悬钩子苷、甜菊、蛇菊苷、罗汉果苷IV、罗汉果苷V、罗汉果、赛门苷(siamenoside)、莫纳甜(monatin)及其盐(莫纳甜SS、RR、RS、SR)、仙茅甜蛋白(curculin)、甘草酸及其盐、索马甜(thaumatin)、莫内林(monellin)、马槟榔甜味蛋白(mabinlin)、甜味蛋白、hernandulcin、叶甜素(phyllodulcin)、菝葜苷(glycyphyllin)、根皮苷(phloridzin)、三叶苷(trilobatin)、白元参苷(baiyunoside)、欧亚水龙骨甜素(osladin)、polypodoside A、pterocaryoside A、pterocaryoside B、无患子倍半萜苷(mukurozioside)、假秦艽苷(phlomisoside)I、periandrin I、abrusoside A、steviolbioside和青钱柳苷(cyclocarioside)I、糖醇(如赤藓糖醇)、三氯蔗糖、安赛蜜钾、安赛蜜酸及其盐、阿斯巴甜、阿力甜(alitame)、糖精及其盐、新橘皮苷二氢查耳酮、环己基氨基磺酸盐(cyclamate)、环己基氨基磺酸及其盐、纽甜(neotame)、advantame、糖基化甜菊醇糖苷(GSG)及其组合。
在一个实施方案中,甜味剂是热量甜味剂或热量甜味剂的混合物。在另一个实施方案中,热量甜味剂选自蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、高果糖玉米/淀粉糖浆、甜菜、甘蔗,及其组合。
在另一个实施方案中,甜味剂是选自D-阿洛酮糖、D-阿洛糖、L-核糖、D-塔格糖、L-葡萄糖、L-果糖、L-阿拉伯糖、松二糖及其组合的罕见糖。
再在另一个实施方案中,甜味剂是无热量甜味剂或无热量甜味剂的混合物。在一个实例中,无热量甜味剂是天然高效甜味剂。如本文中使用的,短语“天然高效甜味剂”是指没有在自然界中天然发现的并且特征在于具有高度蔗糖、果糖或葡萄糖的甜度且具有较低热量的任何组合物。天然高效甜味剂可以作为纯化合物或替换地作为提取物的一部分来提供。
再在另一个实例中,无热量甜味剂是合成的高效甜味剂。如本文中使用的,短语“合成的甜味剂”是指没有在自然界中天然发现的并且特征在于具有高度蔗糖、果糖或葡萄糖的甜度且具有较低热量的任何组合物。
在一个实施方案中,与不存在甜度增强剂的相同消费品的蔗糖当量相比,甜度增强剂的添加提高了消费品中的至少一种甜味剂的可检测蔗糖当量。
在特定实施方案中,消费品是饮料。饮料包含HSG-提取物和至少一种甜味剂,其中HSG-提取物以等于或低于其甜度识别阈值的浓度存在。HSG-提取物和至少一种甜味剂可以各自分开提供,或以甜度增强组合物的形式提供。在特定实施方案中,检测到的蔗糖当量从例如约0.2%提高至约5.0%,如,例如,约1%,约2%,约3%,约4%或约5%。
甜味剂可以是本文中提供的任何天然或合成甜味剂。在特定实施方案中,甜味剂是提供热量的碳水化合物甜味剂。因此,甜度增强剂的掺入由此降低了必须用于给定消费品中的提供热量的碳水化合物甜味剂的含量,由此可以制备低热量消费品。
组合物可以定制来提供所需的热含量。例如,组合物可以是“全热量的”,使得它们加入消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时给予所需甜度并且具有约120卡路里/8oz份。或者,组合物可以是“中热量的”,使得加入消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时给予所需甜度并且具有低于约60卡路里/8oz份。在其他实施方案中,组合物可以是“低热量的”,使得加入消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时给予所需甜度并且具有低于40卡路里/8oz份。再在其他实施方案中,组合物可以是“零热量的”,使得加入消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时给予所需甜度并且具有低于5卡路里/8oz份。
添加剂
组合物,例如,甜味剂组合物和风味增强组合物,除了HSG-提取物,可以包含一种或多种添加剂,下文详述。在一些实施方案中,组合物含有包括但不限于碳水化合物、多元醇、氨基酸及其相应的盐、聚氨基酸及其相应的盐、糖酸及其相应的盐、核苷酸、有机酸、无机酸、有机盐(包括有机酸盐和有机碱盐)、无机盐、苦味化合物、风味剂和风味成分、涩味化合物、蛋白质或蛋白质水解物、表面活性剂、乳化剂、增重剂、树胶、抗氧化剂、着色剂、类黄酮、醇类、聚合物及其组合的添加剂。在一些实施方案中,添加剂用于改善甜味剂的暂时特征和风味特征,以给甜味剂组合物提供与蔗糖相似的味道。
在一个实施方案中,组合物进一步包含一种或多种多元醇。如本文中使用的,术语“多元醇”是指含有超过一个羟基基团的分子。多元醇可以是各自含有2、3和4个羟基基团的二元醇、三元醇或四元醇。多元醇还可以含有超过4个羟基基团,如戊醇、己醇、庚醇等,其各自含有5、6或7个羟基基团。另外,多元醇还可以是碳水化合物还原形式的糖醇、多元醇或多醇,其中羰基基团(醛或酮,还原糖)已经还原成伯或仲羟基基团。
在一些实施方案中,多元醇的非限制性实例包括赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、乳糖醇、木糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、丙二醇、丙三醇(甘油)、苏糖醇、半乳糖醇、帕拉金糖、还原的异麦芽低聚糖、还原的麦芽糖糖浆、还原的葡萄糖糖浆和糖醇或任何其他能够被还原且没有不利地影响组合物味道的碳水化合物。
在某些实施方案中,多元醇存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时以有效提供约100ppm至约250,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。在其他实施方案中,多元醇存在于消费品中时以有效提供约400ppm至约80,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中,如,例如,约5,000ppm至约40,000ppm。
在其他实施方案中,HSG-提取物与多元醇以约1:1至约1:800的重量比存在于多元醇中,如,例如,约1:4至约1:800,约1:20至约1:600,约1:50至约1:300或约1:75至约1:150。
合适的氨基酸添加剂包括,但不限于,天冬氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、茶氨酸、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸、阿拉伯糖、反式-4-羟基脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、天冬酰胺、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、鸟氨酸、甲硫氨酸、肉毒碱、氨基丁酸(α-、β-和/或δ-异构体)、谷氨酰胺、羟基脯氨酸、牛磺酸、正缬氨酸、肌氨酸及其盐形式,如钠盐或钾盐或酸式盐。氨基酸添加剂还可以是D-或L-构型,以及相同或不同氨基酸的单-、二-或三-形式。另外,如果合适,氨基酸可以是α-、β-、γ-和/或δ-异构体。在一些实施方案中,上述氨基酸及其相应盐(例如,其钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他碱金属或碱土金属盐,或酸式盐)的组合也是合适的添加剂。氨基酸可以是天然或合成的。氨基酸也可以是修饰的。修饰的氨基酸是指其中至少一个原子已经被添加、除去、取代或其组合的任意氨基酸(例如,N-烷基氨基酸、N-酰基氨基酸或N-甲基氨基酸)。修饰氨基酸的非限制性实例包括氨基酸衍生物,如三甲基甘氨酸、N-甲基甘氨酸和N-甲基丙氨酸。如本文中使用的,修饰的氨基酸包括修饰的和未修饰的氨基酸。如本文中使用的,氨基酸还包括肽和多肽(例如,二肽、三肽、四肽和五肽),如谷胱甘肽和L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺。合适的聚氨基酸衍生物包括聚-L-天冬氨酸、聚-L-赖氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-赖氨酸或聚-L-ε-赖氨酸)、聚-L-鸟氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-鸟氨酸或聚-L-ε-鸟氨酸)、聚-L-精氨酸,氨基酸的其他聚合形式,及其盐形式(例如,钙盐、钾盐、钠盐或镁盐,如L-谷氨酸单钠盐)。聚氨基酸衍生物还可以是D-或L-构型。另外,如果合适,聚氨基酸可以是α-、β-、γ-、δ-和ε-异构体。在一些实施方案中,上述聚氨基酸及其相应盐(例如,其钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他碱金属或碱土金属盐,或酸式盐)也是合适的添加剂。本文中所述的聚氨基酸还可以包含不同氨基酸的共聚物。聚氨基酸可以是天然或合成的。聚氨基酸也可以是修饰的,使得至少一个原子被添加、除去、取代或其组合(例如,N-烷基聚氨基酸或N-酰基聚氨基酸)。如本文中使用的,聚氨基酸包括修饰的和未修饰的聚氨基酸。例如,修饰的聚氨基酸包括但不限于各种分子量(MW)的聚氨基酸,如具有1,500MW、6,000MW、25,200MW、63,000MW、83,000MW或300,000MW的聚-L-α赖氨酸。
在特定实施方案中,氨基酸存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时以有效提供约10ppm至约50,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。在另一个实施方案中,氨基酸存在于消费品中时以有效提供约1,000ppm至约10,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中,如,例如,约2,500ppm至约5,000ppm或约250ppm至约7,500ppm。
合适的糖酸添加剂包括,但不限于,醛糖酸、糖醛酸、醛糖二酸、褐藻酸、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸、葡糖二酸、半乳糖二酸、半乳糖醛酸及其盐(例如,钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他生理上可接受的盐),及其组合。
合适的核苷酸添加剂包括,但不限于,一磷酸肌苷(“IMP”)、一磷酸鸟苷(“GMP”)、一磷酸腺苷(“AMP”)、一磷酸胞嘧啶(CMP)、一磷酸尿嘧啶(UMP)、二磷酸肌苷、二磷酸鸟苷、二磷酸腺苷、二磷酸胞嘧啶、二磷酸尿嘧啶、三磷酸肌苷、三磷酸鸟苷、三磷酸腺苷、三磷酸胞嘧啶、三磷酸尿嘧啶、其碱金属或碱土金属盐,及其组合。本文中所述的核苷酸还包括核苷酸相关的添加剂,如核苷或核酸碱基(例如,鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶、腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶)。
核苷酸存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时以有效提供约5ppm至约1,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的有机酸添加剂包括包含-COOH部分的任何化合物,如,例如,C2-C30羧酸、取代的羟基C2-C30羧酸、丁酸(乙酯)、取代的丁酸(乙酯)、苯甲酸、取代的苯甲酸(例如,2,4-二羟基苯甲酸)、取代的肉桂酸、羟基酸、取代的羟基酸、茴香酸、取代的环己基羧酸、单宁酸、乌头酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、葡糖酸、葡庚糖酸、己二酸、羟基柠檬酸、苹果酸、fruitaric acid(苹果酸、富马酸和酒石酸的混合物)、富马酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、绿原酸、水杨酸、肌酸、咖啡酸、胆汁酸、醋酸、抗坏血酸、褐藻酸、异抗坏血酸、聚谷氨酸、葡糖酸δ内酯,及其碱金属或碱土金属盐衍生物。此外,有机酸衍生物也可以是D-或L-构型。
合适的有机酸添加剂盐包括,但不限于,所有有机酸的钠盐、钙盐、钾盐和镁盐,如柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、富马酸、乳酸(例如,乳酸钠)、褐藻酸(例如,褐藻酸钠)、抗坏血酸(例如,抗坏血酸钠)、苯甲酸(例如,苯甲酸钠或苯甲酸钾)、山梨酸和己二酸的盐。所述的有机酸添加剂的实例任选可以被至少一个选自氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、卤素、卤代烷基、羧基、酰基、酰氧基、氨基、酰胺、羧基衍生物、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺基、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、亚氧硫基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、羧基烷氧基、羧基酰胺、膦酰基、次膦酰基、磷酰基、膦基、硫酯、硫醚、酐、肟基、肼基、氨基甲酰、磷或膦酸酯(phosphonato)的基团取代。在特定实施方案中,有机酸添加剂存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时以有效提供约10ppm至约5,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的无机酸添加剂包括,但不限于,磷酸、亚磷酸、聚磷酸、盐酸、硫酸、碳酸、磷酸二氢钠及其碱金属或碱土金属盐(例如,肌醇六磷酸Mg/Ca)。
无机酸添加剂存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约25ppm至约25,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的苦味化合物添加剂包括,但不限于,咖啡因、奎宁、尿素、苦味橙油、柚皮苷、苦木(quassia),及其盐。
苦味化合物存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约250ppm至约250,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的风味剂或风味成分添加剂包括,但不限于,香草醛、香草提取物、芒果提取物、肉桂、柑橘、椰子、生姜、绿花白千层醇、杏仁、薄荷醇(包括没有薄荷的薄荷醇)、葡萄皮提取物和葡萄籽提取物。“风味剂”和“风味成分”是同义的并且可以包括天然或合成物质或其组合。风味剂还包括其给予风味的任何其他物质,并且可以包括以公认范围使用时对人或动物安全的天然或非天然(合成)物质。专有风味剂的非限制性实例包括天然风味甜度增强剂K14323(Darmstadt,德国),SymriseTM用于甜味剂的天然风味遮掩剂161453和164126(SymriseTM,Holzminden,德国),Natural AdvantageTM苦味阻断剂1、2、9和10(Natural AdvantageTM,Freehold,新泽西,美国)以及SucramaskTM(CreativeResearch Management,Stockton,加利福尼亚,美国)。
风味剂存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约0.1ppm至约4,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的聚合物添加剂包括,但不限于,壳聚糖、果胶、果胶酸、果胶质酸、聚糖醛酸、聚半乳糖醛酸、淀粉、食品水状胶体或其粗提物(例如,阿拉伯树胶senegal(FibergumTM)、阿拉伯树胶seyal、卡拉胶)、聚-L-赖氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-赖氨酸或聚-L-ε-赖氨酸)、聚-L-鸟氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-鸟氨酸或聚-L-ε-鸟氨酸)、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚(乙二醇甲醚)、聚精氨酸、聚天冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚乙烯亚胺、褐藻酸、褐藻酸钠、丙二醇褐藻酸盐和聚乙二醇褐藻酸钠、六偏磷酸钠及其盐,以及其他阳离子聚合物和阴离子聚合物。
聚合物存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约30ppm至约2,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的蛋白质或蛋白质水解物添加剂包括,但不限于,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、乳清蛋白(包括其级分或浓缩物,如90%速溶乳清蛋白分离物、34%乳清蛋白、50%水解乳清蛋白和80%乳清蛋白浓缩物)、可溶性大米蛋白、大豆蛋白、蛋白分离物、蛋白质水解物、蛋白质水解物的反应产物、糖蛋白和/或含有氨基酸(例如,甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、羟基脯氨酸等)的蛋白聚糖、胶原蛋白(例如,明胶)、部分水解胶原蛋白(例如,水解的鱼胶原蛋白)和胶原蛋白水解物(例如,猪胶原蛋白水解物)。
蛋白质水解物存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约200ppm至约50,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的表面活性剂添加剂包括,但不限于,聚山梨酸酯(例如,聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖单油酸酯(聚山梨酸酯80)、聚山梨酸酯20、聚山梨酸酯60)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯或磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基氯化吡啶(氯化十六烷基吡啶)、溴化十六烷基三甲铵、胆酸钠、氨基甲酰、氯化胆碱、甘氨胆酸钠、牛磺脱氧胆酸钠、月桂酸精氨酸、硬脂酰乳酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠、卵磷脂、蔗糖油酸酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、蔗糖棕榈酸酯、蔗糖月桂酸酯和其他乳化剂等。
表面活性剂添加剂存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约30ppm至约2,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的类黄酮添加剂归类为黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷酮、黄烷-3-醇、异黄酮或花青素。类黄酮添加剂的非限制性实例包括,但不限于,儿茶素(例如,绿茶提取物,如PolyphenonTM60、PolyphenonTM30和PolyphenonTM25(Mitsui Norin Co.,Ltd.,Japan)、多酚、芦丁(例如,酶修饰的芦丁SanmelinTMAO(San-fi Gen F.F.I.,Inc.,Osaka,Japan))、新橙皮苷、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷二氢查尔酮等。
类黄酮添加剂存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约0.1ppm至约1,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的醇添加剂包括,但不限于,乙醇。在特定实施方案中,醇添加剂存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约625ppm至约10,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
合适的涩味化合物甜味剂包括,但不限于,单宁酸、三氯化铕(EuCl3)、氯化钆(GdCl3)、氯化铽(TbCl3)、明矾、单宁酸和多酚(例如,茶多酚)。涩味添加剂存在于消费品(如,例如,饮料)中时,以有效提供约10ppm至约5,000ppm浓度的量存在于组合物中。
功能性成分
本文中提供的组合物还可以含有一种或多种功能性成分,其给组合物提供真实或感知的健康益处。功能性成分包括,但不限于,皂素、抗氧化剂、膳食纤维源、脂肪酸、维生素、葡糖胺、矿物质、防腐剂、水合剂、益生菌、益生元、重量控制剂、骨质疏松症控制剂、植物雌激素、长链伯脂肪族饱和醇、植物甾醇及其组合。
皂素
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种皂素。如本文中使用的,至少一种皂素可以包含单种皂素或多种皂素,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种皂素以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
皂素是包含糖苷配基环结构和一个或多个糖部分的糖苷天然植物产物。非极性糖苷配基和水溶性糖部分的结合给予皂素表面活性剂特性,这允许它们在水溶性中摇晃时形成泡沫。
基于几个共同的特性,将皂素归于一类。特别地,皂素是呈现出溶血活性并与胆固醇形成复合物的表面活性剂。尽管皂素共有这些特性,但它们在结构上是不同的。形成皂素中的环结构的糖苷配基环的类型可以有很大不同。对于本发明特定实施方案中的用途,皂素中的糖苷配基环结构的类型的非限制性实例包括类固醇、三萜和甾体生物碱。对于本发明特定实施方案中的用途,特定的糖苷配基环结构的非限制性实例包括大豆皂醇A、大豆皂醇B和大豆皂醇E。连接糖苷配基环结构的糖部分的数量和类型也可以有很大不同。对于本发明特定实施方案中的用途,糖部分的非限制性实例包括葡萄糖、半乳糖、葡糖醛酸、木糖、鼠李糖和甲基戊糖部分。对于本发明特定实施方案中的用途,特定皂素的非限制性实例包括A组乙酰基皂素、B组乙酰基皂素和E组乙酰基皂素。
可以在很多种植物和植物产物中发现皂素,并且尤其是普遍存在于植物皮和树皮中,在那它们形成蜡质保护层。皂素的几个常见来源包括大豆,其具有大约5%干重的皂素含量,肥皂草植物(Saponaria),其根在历史上用作肥皂,以及苜蓿、芦荟、芦笋、葡萄、鹰嘴豆、丝兰以及各种其他豆类和杂草。可以通过使用本领域普通技术人员公知的提取技术,从这些来源获得皂素。常规提取方法的描述可以在美国专利申请No.2005/0123662中找到,将其公开内容特意按引用并入。
抗氧化剂
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种抗氧化剂。如本文中使用的,至少一种抗氧化剂可以包括单种氧化剂或多种氧化剂,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种抗氧化剂以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
如本文中使用的,“抗氧化剂”是指其抑制、遏制或降低对细胞和生物分子的氧化损伤的任何物质。没有受到理论的束缚,认为抗氧化剂通过在自由基可以引起有害反应前稳定其来抑制、遏制或降低对细胞或生物分子的氧化损伤。因此,抗氧化剂可以防止或延缓一些退行性疾病的发作。
对于本发明实施方案合适的抗氧化剂的实例包括但不限于,维生素、维生素辅因子、矿物质、激素、类胡萝卜素、类胡萝卜素类萜、非胡萝卜素类萜、类黄酮、类黄酮多酚(例如,生物类黄酮)、黄酮醇、黄酮、酚、多酚、酚的酯、多酚的酯、非类黄酮多酚、异硫氰酸酯及其组合。在一些实施方案中,抗氧化剂是维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、泛醌、矿物硒、锰、褪黑素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、叶黄素、玉米黄质、隐黄素、白藜芦醇、丁香油酚、榭皮素、儿茶素、棉籽酚、橙皮苷、姜黄素、阿魏酸、麝香草酚、羟基酪醇、姜黄、百里香、橄榄油、硫辛酸、谷胱甘肽、谷氨酰胺、草酸、生育酚衍生的化合物、丁羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁羟基甲苯(BHT)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、叔-丁基氢酮、乙酸、果胶、生育三烯酸、生育酚、辅酶Q10、玉米黄质、虾青素、角黄素、皂素、柠檬苦素、莰菲醇、杨梅酮、异鼠李素、原花色素、榭皮素、芦丁、木犀草素、芹菜素、红橘素、橙皮苷、柚皮素、圣草酚、黄烷-3-酮(例如,花色素)、没食子酸儿茶素、表儿茶素及其没食子酸酯形式、表没食子酸儿茶素及其没食子酸酯形式(ECGC)、茶黄素及其没食子酸酯形式、茶红素、异黄酮植物雌激素、染料木黄酮、大豆黄素、黄豆黄素、花青素、花靛、花翠素、锦葵色素、花葵素、芍药素、牵牛花色素、鞣花酸、没食子酸、水杨酸、迷迭香酸、肉桂酸及其衍生物(例如,阿魏酸)、绿原酸、菊苣酸、没食子丹宁、鞣花单宁、黄酮、β花青苷和其他植物色素、水飞蓟素、柠檬酸、木酚素、抗营养素、胆红素、尿酸、R-α-硫辛酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、emblicanin、苹果提取物、苹果皮提取物(苹果多酚)、红博士茶(rooibos)提取物、绿博士茶提取物、山楂莓提取物、红树莓提取物、绿咖啡抗氧化剂(GCA)、野樱莓提取物20%、葡萄籽提取物(VinOseed)、可可提取物、啤酒花提取物、山竹提取物、山竹壳提取物、蔓越莓提取物、石榴提取物、石榴壳提取物、石榴种子提取物、山楂莓提取物、pomella石榴提取物、桂皮提取物、葡萄皮提取物、越橘提取物、松树皮提取物、碧萝芷、接骨木提取物、桑椹根提取物、枸杞(gogi)提取物、黑莓提取物、蓝莓提取物、蓝莓叶提取物、树莓提取物、姜黄提取物、柑桔生物黄酮、黑醋栗、生姜、巴西莓粉、绿咖啡豆提取物、绿茶提取物和植酸,或其组合。在可替换的方案中,抗氧化剂是合成的抗氧化剂,如,例如,丁羟基甲苯或丁羟基茴香醚。用于本发明实施方案的合适抗氧化剂的其他来源包括,但不限于,水果、蔬菜、茶、可可、巧克力、香辛料、草药、大米、来自牲畜的器官肉、酵母、整谷粒或谷粒。
特定抗氧化剂属于称为多酚(polyphenol)(也称为“多酚”(polyphenolic))的植物营养素类别,其是一组在植物中发现的化学物质,其特征在于每个分子存在超过一个酚基团。多酚可以产生多种健康益处,例如,包括防止癌症、心脏病和慢性炎性疾病,以及提高的精神强度和身体强度。用于本发明实施方案的合适多酚包括儿茶素、原花色素、原花青素、花色素、榭皮素、芦丁、白藜芦醇、异黄酮、姜黄素、安石榴苷(punicalagin)、鞣花单宁、橘皮苷、柚皮苷、柑桔类黄酮、绿原酸、其他相似物质,及其组合。
在特定实施方案中,抗氧化剂是儿茶素,例如,表没食子儿茶素(EGCG)。用于本发明实施方案的儿茶素的合适来源包括,但不限于,绿茶、白茶、红茶、乌龙茶、巧克力、可可、红酒、葡萄籽、红葡萄皮、紫葡萄皮、红葡萄汁、紫葡萄汁、浆果、碧萝芷和红苹果皮。
在一些实施方案中,抗氧化剂选自原花色素、原花青素或其组合。用于本发明实施方案的原花色素和原花青素的合适来源包括,但不限于,红葡萄、紫葡萄、可可、巧克力、葡萄籽、红酒、可可豆、蔓越莓、苹果皮、李、蓝莓、黑醋栗、野樱莓(choke berry)、绿茶、高粱、肉桂、大麦、红芸豆、花豆、啤酒花、杏仁、榛子、碧根果、开心果、碧萝芷和彩色浆果。
在特定实施方案中,抗氧化剂是花色素。用于本发明实施方案的花色素的合适来源包括,但不限于,红色浆果、蓝莓、越橘、蔓越莓、树莓、樱桃、石榴、草莓、接骨木、野樱莓、红葡萄皮、紫葡萄皮、葡萄籽、红酒、黑醋栗、红醋栗、可可、李、苹果皮、桃、红梨、红卷心菜、红洋葱、红橙和黑莓。
在一些实施方案中,抗氧化剂选择榭皮素、芦丁或其组合。用于本发明实施方案的榭皮素和芦丁的合适来源包括,但不限于,红苹果、洋葱、羽衣甘蓝、笃斯越桔(bogwhortleberry)、红豆越橘(lingonberry)、野樱莓、蔓越莓、黑莓、蓝莓、草莓、树莓、黑醋栗、绿茶、红茶、李、杏、西芹、韭菜、西兰花、红辣椒、浆果酒和银杏。
在一些实施方案中,抗氧化剂是白藜芦醇。用于本发明实施方案的白藜芦醇的合适来源包括,但不限于,红葡萄、花生、蔓越莓、蓝莓、越橘、桑椹、日本虎杖茶和红酒。
在特定实施方案中,抗氧化剂是异黄酮。用于本发明实施方案的异黄酮的合适来源包括,但不限于,大豆、大豆制品、豆类、苜蓿芽、鹰嘴豆、花生和红三叶草。
在一些实施方案中,抗氧化剂是姜黄素。用于本发明实施方案的姜黄素的合适来源包括,但不限于,姜黄和芥末。
在特定实施方案中,抗氧化剂选自安石榴苷、鞣花单宁或其组合。用于本发明实施方案的安石榴苷和鞣花单宁的合适来源包括,但不限于,石榴、树莓、草莓、胡桃和橡木陈酿红酒。
在一些实施方案中,抗氧化剂是柑桔类黄酮,如橙皮苷或柚皮苷。用于本发明实施方案的柑桔类黄酮(如橙皮苷或柚皮苷)的合适来源包括,但不限于,橙子、葡萄柚和柑桔汁。
在特定实施方案中,抗氧化剂是绿原酸。用于本发明实施方案中的绿原酸的合适来源包括,但不限于,绿咖啡、巴拉圭茶、红酒、葡萄籽、红葡萄皮、紫葡萄皮、红葡萄汁、紫葡萄汁、苹果汁、蔓越莓、石榴、蓝莓、草莓、向日葵、紫锥菊、碧萝芷和苹果皮。
膳食纤维
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种膳食纤维源。如本文中使用的,至少一种膳食纤维源可以包含单种膳食纤维源或多种膳食纤维源作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种膳食纤维源以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
组成和连接中具有明显不同结构的各种聚合碳水化合物落入膳食纤维的定义中。这样的化合物是本领域技术人员公知的,其非限制性实例包括非淀粉多糖、木质素、纤维素、甲基纤维素、半纤维素、β-葡聚糖、果胶、树胶、粘液、蜡、菊粉、寡糖、果寡糖、环糊精、几丁质,及其组合。
多糖是由通过糖苷键连接的单糖组成的复杂碳水化合物。非淀粉多糖是由β-键键合的,由于缺少破坏β-键的酶,人不能够消化。相反,可消化淀粉多糖通常包含α(1-4)键。
木质素是大的、高度分支和交联的基于氧化苯丙烷单体的聚合物。纤维素是由β(1-4)键连接的葡萄糖分子的线性聚合物,哺乳动物淀粉酶不能水解。甲基纤维素是纤维素的甲酯,其常常作为增稠剂和乳化剂用于食品中。其是商业上可购得的(例如,GlaxoSmithKline的Citrucel,Shire Pharmaceuticals的Celevac)。半纤维素是主要由葡糖醛酸-和4-O-甲基葡糖醛酸木聚糖组成的高度分支聚合物。β-葡聚糖是主要在谷物(如燕麦和大麦)中发现的混合-键(1-3),(1-4)β-D-葡萄糖聚合物。果胶,如β-果胶,是一组主要由D-半乳糖醛酸(其甲氧基化成不同的程度)组成的多糖。
树胶和粘液代表不同分支结构的宽泛阵列。瓜尔豆胶,源自磨碎的瓜尔豆种子的胚乳,是半乳甘露聚糖。瓜尔豆胶是商业上可购得的(例如,Novartis AG的Benefiber)。其他树胶,如阿拉伯胶和果胶,具有更不同的结构。还有其他树胶包括黄原胶、结冷胶、他拉胶、欧车前籽壳胶和刺槐豆胶。
蜡是乙二醇和两个脂肪酸的酯,通常作为不溶于水的疏水性液体出现。
菊粉包含天然产生的属于一类称为果聚糖的碳水化合物的多糖。它们通常由β(2-1)糖苷键连接的果糖单体以及末端的葡萄糖单体组成。寡糖是通常含有三至六个组分糖的糖聚合物。通常发现它们O-或N-连接蛋白质中的相容氨基酸侧链或连接脂质分子。果寡糖是由果糖分子的短链组成的寡糖。
膳食纤维的食品来源包括,但不限于,谷粒、豆科植物、水果和蔬菜。提供膳食纤维的谷粒包括,但不限于,燕麦、黑麦、大麦、小麦。提供纤维的豆科植物包括,但不限于,豌豆和豆类,如大豆。提供纤维来源的水果和蔬菜包括,但不限于,苹果、橙子、梨、香蕉、浆果、西红柿、绿豆、西兰花、花菜、胡萝卜、土豆、西芹。植物食品,如麸皮、坚果和种子(如亚麻籽)也是膳食纤维的来源。提供膳食纤维的植物部分包括,但不限于,茎、根、叶、种子、果肉和皮。
尽管膳食纤维通常源自植物来源,但可消化动物产品,如几丁质,也可以归为膳食纤维。几丁质是由β(1-4)键连接的乙酰基葡糖胺单体组成的多糖,与纤维素的键相似。
基于其在水中的溶解度,常常将膳食纤维的来源分成可溶性和不溶性纤维的种类。根据植物的特征,在植物中都能发现不同程度的可溶性和不溶性纤维。尽管不溶于水中,但不溶性纤维具有被动亲水性特性,这有助于增加批量、软化粪便以及缩短排泄物固体通过肠道的运输时间。
与不溶性纤维不同,可溶性膳食纤维易溶于水。可溶性纤维经历结肠中通过发酵的主动代谢加工,增加了结肠菌群并且因此增加了排泄物固体的质量。通过结肠细菌发酵纤维还产生了具有显著健康益处的终产物。例如,食物物质的发酵产生气体和短链脂肪酸。发酵过程中产生的酸包括丁酸、乙酸、丙酸和戊酸,这些具有各种有益性能,如通过作用于胰腺胰岛素释放来稳定血糖水平以及通过糖原分解来提供肝脏控制。此外,纤维发酵可以通过降低肝脏的胆固醇合成以及降低LDL和甘油三酯的血液水平来降低粥样动脉硬化。发酵过程中产生的酸降低了结肠pH,由此保护结肠粘膜免于癌息肉形成。较低的结肠pH还提高矿物质吸收、提高结肠粘膜层的屏障性能以及抑制炎症和粘附刺激。纤维的发酵通过刺激T-辅助细胞、抗体、白细胞、脾细胞、细胞分裂素和淋巴细胞的形成还有益于免疫系统。
脂肪酸
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种脂肪酸。如本文中使用的,至少一种脂肪酸可以是单种脂肪酸或多种脂肪酸,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种脂肪酸以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
如本文中使用的,“脂肪酸”是指任何直链单羧酸并且包括饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸、短链脂肪酸、脂肪酸前体(包括ω-9脂肪酸前体)和酯化脂肪酸。如本文中使用的,“长链多不饱和脂肪酸”是指具有长脂肪族尾的任何多不饱和羧酸或有机酸。如本文中使用的,“ω-3脂肪酸”是指具有作为从其碳链末端甲基端的第三个碳-碳键的第一个双键的任何多不饱和脂肪酸。在特定实施方案中,ω-3脂肪酸可以包括长链ω-3脂肪酸。如本文中使用的,“ω-6脂肪酸”是指具有作为从其碳链末端甲基端的第六个碳-碳键的第一个双键的任何多不饱和脂肪酸。
用于本发明实施方案中的合适的ω-3脂肪酸可以源自例如海藻、鱼、动物、植物或其组合。合适的ω-3脂肪酸的实例包括,但不限于,亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳四烯酸及其组合。在一些实施方案中,可以在鱼油(例如,鲱鱼油、金枪鱼油、鲑鱼油、鲣鱼油和鳕鱼油)、微藻ω-3油或其组合中提供合适的ω-3脂肪酸。在特定实施方案中,合适的ω-3脂肪酸可以源自商业上可购得的ω-3脂肪酸油,如微藻DHA油(来自Martek,Columbia,MD)、OmegaPure(来自Omega Protein,Houston,TX)、Marinol C-38(来自Lipid Nutrition,Channahon,IL)、鲣鱼油和MEG-3(来自OceanNutrition,Dartmouth,NS)、Evogel(来自Symrise,Holzminden,德国)、来自金枪鱼或鲑鱼的海产油(来自Arista Wilton,CT)、OmegaSource 2000、来自鲱鱼的海产油和来自鳕鱼的海产油(来自OmegaSource,RTP,NC)。
合适的ω-6脂肪酸包括,但不限于,亚油酸、γ-亚油酸、双高-γ-亚油酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳二烯酸、二十二碳二烯酸、肾上腺酸、二十二碳五烯酸及其组合。
用于本发明实施方案的合适酯化脂肪酸可以包括,但不限于,含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的单酰基甘油、含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的二酰基甘油,或含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的三酰基甘油,及其组合。
维生素
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种维生素。
如本文中使用的,至少一种维生素可以是单种维生素或多种维生素,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种维生素以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
维生素是人体少量需要用于正常功能的有机化合物。身体利用维生素而不分解它们,这与其他营养素不同,如碳水化合物和蛋白质。迄今为止,已经识别十三种维生素,并且一种或多种可以用于本文的组合物中。合适的维生素包括,维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素B5、维生素B6、维生素B7、维生素B9、维生素B12和维生素C。许多维生素还具有可替换的名称,以下提供了非限制性实例。
各种其他化合物已经被一些权威归为维生素。这些化合物可以称为假维生素并且包括,但不限于,如泛醌(辅酶Q10)、潘氨酸、二甲基甘氨酸、taestrile、苦杏仁素、类黄酮、对-氨基苯甲酸、腺嘌呤、腺苷酸和s-甲基甲硫氨酸这样的化合物。如本文中使用的,术语维生素系包括假维生素。
在一些实施方案中,维生素是选自维生素A、D、E、K及其组合的脂溶性维生素。
在其他实施方案中,维生素是选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素B6、维生素B12、叶酸、生物素、泛酸、维生素C及其组合的水溶性维生素。
葡糖胺
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是葡糖胺。
通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,葡糖胺以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
葡糖胺,也称壳糖胺,是一种氨基糖,认为其是在糖基化蛋白质和脂质的生化合成中重要的前体。D-葡糖胺以葡糖胺-6-磷酸的形式天然出现在软骨中,其从果糖-6-磷酸和谷氨酰胺合成。然而,葡糖胺也可以以其他形式可利用,非限制性实例包括盐酸葡糖胺、硫酸葡糖胺、N-乙酰基-葡糖胺,或任何其他盐形式或其组合。葡糖胺可以通过龙虾、螃蟹、虾或对虾的壳的酸水解获得,使用本领域普通技术人员公知的方法。在特定实施方案中,葡糖胺可以源自含有几丁质的真菌生物质,如美国专利申请No.2006/0172392中所述的。
组合物可以进一步包含硫酸软骨素。
矿物质
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种矿物质。
如本文中使用的,至少一种矿物质可以是单种矿物质或多种矿物质,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种矿物质以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
根据本发明的教导,矿物质包括活的生物体需要的无机化学元素。矿物质由宽范围的组合物(例如,元素、简单盐和复合硅酸盐)组成并且晶体结构也广泛不同。它们可以在食品和饮料中天然产生,可以作为补充剂加入,或可以与食品或饮料分开食用或给予。
矿物质可以归类为大量矿物质(其需要相对大的量)或微量矿物质(其需要相对小的量)。大量矿物质通常需要高于或等于约100mg/天的量,而微量矿物质是需要量低于约100mg/天的那些。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,矿物质选自大量矿物质、微量矿物质或其组合。大量矿物质的非限制性实例包括钙、氯、镁、磷、钾、钠和硫。微量矿物质的非限制性实例包括铬、钴、铜、氟、铁、锰、钼、硒、锌和碘。尽管碘通常归为微量矿物质,但其需要量大于其他微量矿物质并且常常被归为大量矿物质。
在本发明的其他特定实施方案中,矿物质是认为是人营养必需的微量矿物质,非限制性实例包括铋、硼、锂、镍、铷、硅、锶、碲、锡、钛和钒。
本文中举例的矿物质可以是本领域普通技术人员已知的任何形式。例如,在特定实施方案中,矿物质可以是其离子形式,具有正或负电荷。在另一个特定实施方案中,矿物质可以是其分子形式。例如,硫和磷常常天然地作为硫酸盐、硫化物和磷酸盐被发现。
防腐剂
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种防腐剂。
如本文中使用的,至少一种防腐剂可以是单种防腐剂或多种防腐剂,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种防腐剂以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,防腐剂选自抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、抗酶剂或其组合。抗微生物剂的非限制性实例包括亚硫酸盐、丙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、山梨酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、细菌素、盐、糖、醋酸、二碳酸二甲酯(DMDC)、乙醇和臭氧。
根据特定实施方案,防腐剂是亚硫酸盐。亚硫酸盐包括,但不限于,硫氧化物、亚硫酸氢钠和亚硫酸氢钾。
根据另一个特定实施方案,防腐剂是丙酸盐。丙酸盐包括,但不限于,丙酸、丙酸钙和丙酸钠。
根据再另一个特定实施方案,防腐剂是苯甲酸盐。苯甲酸盐包括,但不限于,苯甲酸钠和苯甲酸。
在另一个特定实施方案中,防腐剂是山梨酸盐。山梨酸盐包括但不限于山梨酸钾、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钙和山梨酸。
再在另一个特定实施方案中,防腐剂是硝酸盐和/或亚硝酸盐。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐包括,但不限于,硝酸钠和亚硝酸钠。
再在另一个特定实施方案中,至少一种防腐剂是细菌素,如,例如,尼辛(nisin)。
在另一个特定实施方案中,防腐剂是乙醇。
再在另一个特定实施方案中,防腐剂是臭氧。
适宜用作本发明特定实施方案中的防腐剂的抗酶剂的非限制性实例包括抗坏血酸、柠檬酸和金属螯合剂,如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。
水合剂
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种水合剂。
如本文中使用的,至少一种水合剂可以是单种水合剂或多种水合剂,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种水合剂以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
水合产品帮助身体替换通过排泄流失的流体。例如,为了调节体温,流体作为汗流失,为了排泄废物,作为尿流失,以及为了在肺中交换气体,作为水蒸气流失。流体流失还可以是因为各种外因引起的,非限制性实例包括体育活动、暴露于干燥空气、腹泻、呕吐、高温、休克、失血和低血压。引起体液流失的疾病包括糖尿病、霍乱、胃肠炎、志贺氏菌病和黄热。引起体液流失的营养不良的形式包括过量饮酒、电解质失衡、禁食和快速体重减轻。
在特定实施方案中,水合产品是帮助身体替换锻炼过程中流失的流体的组合物。因此,在特定实施方案中,水合产品是电解质,非限制性实例包括钠、钾、钙、镁、氯化物、磷酸盐、碳酸氢盐,及其组合。用于本发明特定实施方案中的合适电解质还描述于美国专利No.5,681,569中,将其公开内容特意按引用并入本文中。在特定实施方案中,电解质获自其相应的水溶性盐。用于特定实施方案中的盐的非限制性实例包括氯化物、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、酒石酸盐、山梨酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐,或其组合。在其他实施方案中,通过汁液、水果提取物、蔬菜提取物、茶或茶提取物来提供电解质。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,水合产品是补充肌肉燃烧的能量储存的碳水化合物。用于本发明特定实施方案中的合适碳水化合物描述于美国专利号4,312,856、4,853,237、5,681,569和6,989,171中,将其公开内容特意按引用并入本文中。合适的碳水化合物的非限制性实例包括单糖、双糖、寡糖、复合多糖或其组合。用于特定实施方案中的合适类型的单糖的非限制性实例包括丙糖、四糖、戊糖、己糖、庚糖、辛糖和壬糖。特定类型的合适单糖的非限制性实例包括甘油醛、二羟基丙酮、赤藓糖、苏糖、赤藓酮糖、阿拉伯糖、来苏糖、核糖、木糖、核酮糖、木酮糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、甘露糖、塔罗糖、果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖、塔格糖、甘露庚酮糖、景天庚糖、octolose和sialose。合适的双糖的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、乳糖和麦芽糖。合适的寡糖的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、麦芽三糖和麦芽糖糊精。在其他特定实施方案中,通过玉米糖浆、甜菜糖、甘蔗糖、汁液或茶来提供碳水化合物。
在另一个特定实施方案中,水合产品是提供细胞再水合的黄烷醇。黄烷醇是一类存在于植物中的天然物质,并且通常包含链接一个或多个化学部分的2-苯基苯并吡喃酮分子骨架。用于本发明特定实施方案中的合适黄烷醇的非限制性实例包括儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子酸儿茶素、表没食子酸儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子酸儿茶素3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素、茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素3’-没食子酸酯、茶黄素3,3’-没食子酸酯、茶红素或其组合。黄烷醇的几个常见来源包括茶植物、水果、蔬菜和花朵。在优选实施方案中,从绿茶提取黄烷醇。
在特定实施方案中,水合产品是甘油溶液,以增强运动耐力。含甘油溶液的摄入已经显示出提供有益的生理效应,如扩增的血量、较低的心率和较低的直肠温度。
益生菌/益生元
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分选自至少一种益生菌、益生元及其组合。
如本文中使用的,至少一种益生菌或益生元可以是单种益生菌或益生元或多种益生菌或益生元,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种益生菌、益生元或其组合以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
根据本发明的教导,益生菌包括以有效量食用时有益健康的微生物。理想地,益生菌有益地影响人体天然产生的胃肠道微生物区系并且给予除了营养以外的其他健康益处。益生菌可以包括,不限于,细菌、酵母和真菌。
根据本发明的教导,益生元是促进肠道中有益细菌生长的组合物。益生元物质可以被相关益生菌食用,或另外有助于保持相关益生菌存活或刺激其生长。以有效量食用时,益生元也有益地影响人体天然产生的胃肠道微生物区系并因此给予除了营养以外的其他健康益处。益生元食物进入结肠并且作为内源性细菌的底物,由此间接地给宿主提供了能量、代谢物和必需微量元素。益生元食物的身体消化和吸收取决于细菌代谢活性,其重新利用用于宿主的来自小肠中逃脱消化和吸收的营养素的能量。
根据特定实施方案,益生菌是有益地影响人体天然产生的胃肠道微生物区系并给予除了营养以外的其他健康益处的有益微生物。益生菌的实例包括,但不限于,乳杆菌属(Lactobacilli)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacteria)、链球菌属(Streptococci)或其组合的细菌,其给予人有益作用。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,至少一种益生菌选自乳杆菌属。乳杆菌(即,乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的细菌,下文中称为“L.”)作为食品防腐剂和用于促进人健康,已经使用了几百年。人肠道中发现的乳杆菌物种的非限制性实例包括嗜酸乳杆菌(L.acidophilus)、干酪乳杆菌(L.casei)、发酵乳杆菌(L.fermentum)、唾液乳杆菌(L.saliva roes)、短乳杆菌(L.brevis)、德氏乳杆菌(L.leichmannii)、植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum)、纤维二糖乳杆菌(L.cellobiosus)、路氏乳杆菌(L.reuteri)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(L.rhamnosus)、L.GG、保加利亚乳杆菌(L.bulgaricus)和嗜热乳杆菌(L.thermophilus)。
根据本发明的其他特地实施方案,益生菌选自双歧杆菌属。也已知双歧杆菌通过作为碳水化合物代谢的结果产生短链脂肪酸(例如,乙酸、丙酸和丁酸)、乳酸和甲酸对人健康发挥有益影响。人胃肠道中发现的双歧杆菌的非限制性物种包括角双歧杆菌(B.angulatum)、动物双歧杆菌(B.animalis)、星状双歧杆菌(B.asteroides)、双歧双歧杆菌(B.bifidum)、牛双歧杆菌(B.boum)短双歧杆菌(B.breve)、链状双歧杆菌(B.catenulatum)、豚双歧杆菌(B.choerinum)、棒状双歧杆菌(B.coryneforme)、兔双歧杆菌(B.cuniculi)、齿双歧杆菌(B.dentium)、高卢双歧杆菌(B.gallicum)、鸡胚双歧杆菌(B.gallinarum)、蜜蜂双歧杆菌(B.indicum)、长双歧杆菌(B.longum)、大双歧杆菌(B.magnum)、瘤胃双歧杆菌(B.merycicum)、最小双歧杆菌(B.minimum)、假小链双歧杆菌(B.pseudocatenulatum)、假长双歧杆菌(B.pseudolongum)、B.psychraerophilum、小鸡双歧杆菌(B.pullorum)、反刍双歧杆菌(B.ruminantium)、波伦亚双歧杆菌(B.saeculare)、B.scardovii、B.simiae、纤细双歧杆菌(B.subtile)、B.thermacidophilum、嗜热双歧杆菌(B.thermophilum)、B.urinalis和双歧杆菌属(B.sp)。
根据本发明的其他特定实施方案,益生菌选自链球菌属。嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)是革兰氏阳性兼性厌氧生物。其归类为乳酸细菌并且通常在乳和乳制品中发现,并且用于酸奶的生产。这种细菌的其他非限制性益生菌物种包括唾液链球菌(Streptococcus salivarus)和酪链球菌(Streptococcus cremoris)。
根据本发明可以使用的益生菌是本领域技术人员公知的。包含益生菌的食品的非限制性实例包括酸奶、酸菜、开菲尔、韩国泡菜、发酵蔬菜和其他含有通过提高肠微生物平衡有益影响宿主动物的微生物元素的食品。
根据本发明的实施方案,益生元包括,不限于,粘多糖、寡糖、多糖、氨基酸、维生素、营养素前体、蛋白质及其组合。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,益生元选自膳食纤维,包括,不限于,多糖和寡糖。这些化合物具有提高益生菌数量的能力,这导致了由益生菌给予的益处。根据本发明特定实施方案归类为益生元的寡糖的非限制性实例包括果寡糖、菊粉、异麦芽寡糖、乳糖醇、lactosucrose、乳果糖、焦糊精、大豆寡糖、反式半乳寡糖和木寡糖。
根据本发明的其他特定实施方案,益生元是氨基酸。尽管各种已知益生元分解来提供用于益生菌的碳水化合物,但一些益生菌也需要氨基酸用于营养。
天然地在各种食品中找到益生元,所述食品包括,不限于,香蕉、浆果、芦笋、大蒜、小麦、燕麦、大麦(和其他整谷粒)、亚麻籽、番茄、菊芋、洋葱和菊苣、绿叶蔬菜(例如,蒲公英叶、菠菜、宽叶羽衣甘蓝叶、甜菜、羽衣甘蓝、芥菜叶、萝卜叶)和豆类(例如,小扁豆、芸豆、鹰嘴豆、菜豆、白豆、黑豆)。
重量控制剂
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种重量控制剂。
如本文中使用的,至少一种重量控制剂可以是单种重量控制剂或多种重量控制剂,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种重量控制剂以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
如本文中使用的,“重量控制剂”包括食欲抑制剂和/或产热剂。如本文中使用的,短语“食欲抑制剂”、“食欲饱腹剂”、“饱腹剂”和“饱腹成分”是同义的。短语“食欲抑制剂”描述了以有效量递送时遏制、抑制、降低或另外削减人的食欲的大量营养素、草药提取物、外源性激素、厌食剂、食欲减退剂、药物,及其组合。短语“发热剂”描述了以有效量递送时激活或另外增强人的发热或代谢的大量营养素、草药提取物、外源性激素、厌食剂、食欲减退剂、药物,及其组合。
合适的重量控制剂包括选自蛋白质、碳水化合物、膳食脂肪及其组合的大量营养素。蛋白质、碳水化合物和膳食脂肪的消耗刺激具有食欲-抑制作用的肽的释放。例如,蛋白质和膳食脂肪的消耗刺激肠道激素缩胆囊素(CCK)的释放,而碳水化合物和膳食脂肪的消耗刺激胰高血糖素-样肽1(GLP-1)的释放。
合适的大量营养素重量控制剂还包括碳水化合物。碳水化合物通常包括糖、淀粉、纤维素和树胶,身体将其转化成葡萄糖,用于能量。碳水化合物常常被归成两个类别,可消化碳水化合物(例如,单糖、双糖和淀粉)和不可消化碳水化合物(例如,膳食纤维)。研究已经表明在小肠中具有降低的吸收和可消化性的不可消化的碳水化合物和复杂的聚合碳水化合物刺激抑制食物摄入的生理响应。因此,本文中举例的碳水化合物理想地包括不可消化的碳水化合物或具有降低的可消化性的碳水化合物。这样的碳水化合物的非限制性实例包括聚葡萄糖;菊粉;单糖衍生的多元醇,如赤藓糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇和山梨糖醇;双糖衍生的醇,如异麦芽酮糖醇、乳糖醇和麦芽糖醇;以及氢化淀粉水解物。下文中将更详细地描述碳水化合物。
在另一个特定实施方案中,重量控制剂是膳食脂肪。膳食脂肪是包括饱和和不饱和脂肪酸的组合物的脂质。多不饱和脂肪酸已经显示出比单不饱和脂肪酸更大的饱腹力。因此,本文中举例的膳食脂肪酸理想地包括多不饱和脂肪酸,非限制性实例包括三酰甘油酯。
在特定实施方案中,重量控制剂是草药提取物。来自各种类型的植物的提取物已经鉴定为具有食欲抑制性能。其提取物具有食欲抑制性能的植物的非限制性实例包括蝴蝶亚仙人掌属(Hoodia)、Trichocaulon、Carralluma、豹皮花属(Stapelia)、Orbea、马利筋属(Asclepias)和山茶花属(Camelia)。其他实施方案包括源自匙羹藤(Gymnema Sylvestre)、柯拉果(Kola Nut)、枳壳(Citrus Auran tium)、巴拉圭茶(Yerba Mate)、单叶加纳籽(Griffonia Simplicifolia)、瓜拉那(Guarana)、没药、印度香胶树(guggul)脂质和黑醋栗种子油的提取物。
可以从任何类型的植物材料或植物生物质制备草药提取物。植物材料和生物质的非限制性实例包括茎、根、叶、获自植物材料的干粉以及汁液或干燥的汁液。通常通过从植物提取汁液以及随后干燥汁液来制备草药提取物。或者,可以使用提取程序。最初提取后,理想的是进一步将初始提取物分级(例如,通过柱色谱),以获得具有增强活性的草药提取物。这样的技术是本领域普通技术人员公知的。
在特定实施方案中,草药提取物源自蝴蝶亚仙人掌属的植物,其包括物种H.alstonii、H.currorii、H.dregei、H.flava、H.gordonii、H.jutatae、H.mossamedensis、H.officinalis、H.parviflorai、H.pedicellata、H.pilifera、H.ruschii和H.triebneri。蝴蝶亚仙人掌属植物是非洲南部天然的茎肉植物。蝴蝶亚仙人掌属的甾醇苷,称为P57,认为负责蝴蝶亚仙人掌属物种的食欲抑制作用。
在另一个特定实施方案中,草药提取物源自Caralluma属的植物,其包括物种C.indica、C.fimbriata、C.attenuate、C.tuberculata、C.edulis、C.adscendens、C.stalagmifera、C.umbellate、C.penicillata、C.russeliana、C.retrospicens、C.Arabica和C.lasiantha。Carralluma植物与蝴蝶亚仙人掌属于同一亚科。Caralluma是印度天然的小型、直立和多肉的具有药用性质的植物,如食欲抑制,这通常归因于属于糖苷孕烷组的糖苷,其非限制性实例包括caratuberside A、caratuberside B、bouceroside I、bouceroside II、bouceroside III、bouceroside IV、bouceroside V、bouceroside VI、bouceroside VII、bouceroside VIII、bouceroside IX和bouceroside X。
在另一个特定实施方案中,至少一种草药提取物源自Trichocaulon属的植物。Trichocaulon植物是多汁植物,通常是非洲南部天然的,与蝴蝶亚仙人掌相似,并且包括物种T.piliferum和T.officinale。
在另一个特定实施方案中,草药提取物源自豹皮花属(Stapelia)或Orbea属的植物,其物种分别包括S.gigantean和O.variegate。豹皮花属和Orbea植物属于与蝴蝶亚仙人掌相同的亚科,萝藦科(Asclepiadaceae)。不希望受到任何理论的束缚,认为呈现食欲抑制剂活性的化合物是皂素,如孕烷苷,其包括杂色豹皮花苷(stavaroside)A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J和K。
在另一个特定实施方案中,草药提取物源自马利筋属的植物。马利筋属植物也属于植物的萝藦科。马利筋属植物的非限制性实例包括A.incarnate、皇冠马利筋(A.curassayica)、叙利亚马利筋(A.syriaca)和块根马利筋(A.tuberose)。不希望受到任何理论的束缚,认为提取物包含具有食欲抑制剂作用的甾体化合物,如孕烷苷和孕烷苷配基。
在特定实施方案中,重量控制剂是具有重量控制作用的外源性激素。这样的激素的非限制性实例包括CCK、肽YY、胃饥饿素(ghrelin)、蛙皮素和胃泌素-释放肽(GRP)、肠抑素、阿朴脂蛋白A-IV、GLP-1、淀粉不溶素(amylin)、生长抑素(somastatin)和瘦素(leptin)。
在另一个实施方案中,重量控制剂是药物。非限制性实例包括phentenime、二乙胺苯酮、苯二甲吗啉、西布曲明、利莫纳班(rimonabant)、胃泌酸调节素(oxyntomodulin)、盐酸氟西汀、麻黄碱、苯乙胺和其他刺激剂。
骨质疏松控制剂
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种骨质疏松控制剂。
如本文中使用的,至少一种骨质疏松控制剂可以是单种骨质疏松控制剂或多种骨质疏松控制剂,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种骨质疏松控制剂以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
骨质疏松是受损的骨强度的骨骼疾病,导致提高的骨折风险。通常,骨质疏松的特征在于骨矿物质密度(BMD)的降低、骨微结构的破坏以及骨中非胶原蛋白的量和品种的变化。
在某些实施方案中,骨质疏松控制剂是至少一种钙源。根据特定实施方案,钙源是任何含钙化合物,包括盐复合物、溶解物质和其他形式的钙。钙源的非限制性实例包括氨基酸螯合的钙、碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、硫酸钙、氯化钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、柠檬酸钙、苹果酸钙、苹果酸柠檬酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、酒石酸钙、乳酸钙、其溶解物质,及其组合。
根据特定实施方案,骨质疏松控制剂是镁源。镁源可以是任何含镁化合物,包括盐复合物、溶解物质和其他形式的镁。镁源的非限制性实例包括氯化镁、柠檬酸镁、葡庚糖酸镁、葡萄糖酸镁、乳酸镁、氢氧化镁、吡啶甲酸镁、硫酸镁、其溶解物质,及其混合物。在另一个特定实施方案中,镁源包括氨基酸螯合或肌酸螯合的镁。
在其他实施方案中,骨质疏松剂选自维生素D、C、K、其前体和/或β-胡萝卜素,及其组合。
各种植物和植物提取物也被鉴定为在骨质疏松的预防或治疗中是有效的。不希望受到任何理论的束缚,认为植物和植物提取物刺激骨形成蛋白和/或抑制骨再吸收,由此刺激骨再生和强度。作为骨质疏松控制剂的合适的植物和植物提取物的非限制性实例包括蒲公英属(Taraxacum)和唐棣属(Amelanchier)属的物种,如美国专利公开No.2005/0106215中所公开的,以及山胡椒属(Lindera)、蒿属(Artemisia)、橡属(Acorus)、红花属(Carthamus)、葛缕子属(Carum)、蛇床子属(Cnidium)、姜黄属(Curcuma)、莎草属(Cyperus)、桧属(Juniperus)、李属(Prunus)、鸢尾属(Iris)、菊苣属(Cichorium)、车桑子属(Dodonaea)、淫羊藿属(Epimedium)、Erigonoum、大豆属(Soya)、薄荷属(Mentha)、罗勒属(Ocimum)、百里香属(thymus)、菊蒿属(Tanacetum)、车前草属(Plantago)、绿薄荷(Spearmint)、红木属(Bixa)、葡萄属(Vitis)、迷迭香属(Rosemarinus)、盐肤木属(Rhus)和莳萝属(Anethum)的物种,如美国专利公开No.2005/0079232中公开的。
植物雌激素
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种植物雌激素。
如本文中使用的,至少一种雌激素可以是单种植物雌激素或多种植物雌激素,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种植物雌激素以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
植物雌激素是在植物中发现的通常可以通过摄入含有植物雌激素的植物或植物部分递送至人体中。如本文中使用的,“植物雌激素”是指引入体内时引起任何程度的雌激素-样作用的任何物质。例如,植物雌激素可以结合体内的雌激素受体并且具有小的雌激素-样作用。
用于本发明实施方案中的合适的雌激素的实例包括,但不限于,异黄酮、芪、木酚素、二羟基苯甲酸内酯、coumestan、拟雌内酯、雌马酚,及其组合。合适的植物雌激素的来源包括,但不限于,整谷粒、谷类、纤维、水果、蔬菜、黑升麻、龙舌兰根、黑醋栗、黑山楂、圣洁莓、痉挛树皮、当归根、多刺楤木根、地百合根、人参根、千里光草、欧亚甘草、活根草、益母草、芍药根、树莓叶、蔷薇科植物、鼠尾草叶、洋菝契根、锯棕榈浆果、野生山药根、蓍草花、豆类、大豆、大豆制品(例如,味噌、豆粉、豆奶、豆仁、大豆蛋白分离物、tempen或豆腐)、鹰嘴豆、坚果、小扁豆、种子、三叶草、红三叶草、蒲公英叶、蒲公英根、葫芦巴种子、绿茶、啤酒花、红酒、亚麻籽(flaxseed)、大蒜、洋葱、亚麻籽(linseed)、琉璃苣、蝴蝶草、香菜、荆树、牡荆、枣、小茴香、小茴香籽、雷公根、奶蓟草、普列薄荷(pennyroyal)、石榴、青蒿、豆粉、艾菊和葛藤(葛根根)等,及其组合。
异黄酮属于称为多酚的植物营养素组。通常,多酚(也称为“多酚(polyphenolics)”),是一组在植物中发现的化学物质,其特征在于每个分子存在超过一个酚基团。
根据本发明实施方案的合适的植物雌激素异黄酮包括染料木黄酮、大豆黄素、黄豆黄素、鹰嘴豆素A、芒柄花素、其各自天然产生的糖苷和糖苷缀合物、马台树脂醇、开环异落叶松脂素、肠内酯、肠二醇、组织化植物蛋白,及其组合。
用于本发明实施方案的异黄酮的合适来源包括,但不限于,大豆、大豆制品、豆类、苜蓿芽、鹰嘴豆、花生和红三叶草。
长链伯脂肪族饱和醇
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种长链伯脂肪族饱和醇。
如本文中使用的,至少一种长链伯脂肪族饱和醇可以是单种长链伯脂肪族饱和醇或多种长链伯脂肪族饱和醇,作为用于本文中提供的组合物的功能性成分。通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一种长链伯脂肪族饱和醇以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
长链伯脂肪族饱和醇是不同组的有机化合物。术语醇是指这些化合物的特征在于结合碳原子的羟基基团(-OH)的情况。术语伯是指这些化合物中结合羟基基团的碳原子只结合一个其他碳原子的情况。术语饱和是指这些化合物的特征在于没有碳碳pi键的情况。术语脂肪族是指这些化合物中的碳原子以直链或支链而不是环的形式连接在一起的情况。术语长链是指这些化合物中的碳原子数至少为8个碳的情况。
用于本发明特定实施方案中的特定长链伯脂肪族饱和醇的非限制性实例包括8碳原子1-辛醇、9碳1-壬醇、10碳原子1-癸醇、12碳原子1-十二醇、14碳原子1-十四醇、16碳原子1-十六醇、18碳原子1-十八醇、20碳原子1-二十醇、22碳1-二十二醇、24碳1-二十四醇、26碳1-二十六醇、27碳1-二十七醇、28碳1-二十八醇、29碳1-二十九醇、30碳1-三十醇、32碳原子1-三十二醇和34碳1-三十四醇。
在本发明特别理想的实施方案中,长链伯脂肪族饱和醇是普利醇(policosanol)。普利醇是用于主要由28碳1-二十八醇和30碳1-三十醇以及其他较低浓度的醇(如22碳1-二十二碳、24碳1-二十四碳、26碳1-二十六碳、27碳1-二十七碳、29碳1-二十九碳、32碳1-三十二碳和34碳1-三十四碳)组成的长链伯脂肪族饱和醇的混合物的术语。
长链伯脂肪族饱和醇源自天然脂肪和油。通过使用本领域普通技术人员公知的提取技术,可以从这些来源获得它们。普利醇可以从各种植物和材料分离,包括甘蔗(Saccharum officinarium)、山药(例如,Dioscorea opposite)、来自大米的麸皮(例如,Oryza sativa)和蜂蜡。通过使用本领域普通技术人员公知的提取技术,可以从这些来源获得普利醇。这样的提取技术的描述可以在美国专利申请No.2005/0220868中找到,将其公开内容特意按引用并入。
植物甾醇
在某些实施方案中,功能性成分是至少一种植物甾醇、植物甾烷醇或其组合。
通常,根据本发明的特定实施方案中,至少一种植物甾醇、植物甾烷醇或其组合以足以促进保健与健康的量存在于组合物中。
如本文中使用的,短语“甾烷醇”、“植物甾烷醇(plant stanol)”和“植物甾烷醇(phytostanol)”是同义的。
植物甾醇和甾烷醇天然地少量存在于许多水果、蔬菜、坚果、种子、谷类、豆类、植物油、树皮和其他来源中。尽管人们通常每天食用植物甾醇和甾烷醇,但食用的量不足以具有显著的胆固醇降低作用或其他健康益处。因此,给食物和饮料补充植物甾醇和甾烷醇是理想的。
甾醇是在C-3具有羟基基团的类固醇的亚组。通常,植物甾醇在甾核内具有双键,如胆固醇那样;然而,植物甾醇还可以在C-24包含取代的侧链(R),如乙基或甲基基团,或另外的双键。植物甾醇的结构是本领域技术人员公知的。
已经发现了至少44种天然产生的植物甾醇,并且通常源自植物,如玉米、大豆、小麦和木油;然而,它们还可以合成产生,以形成与自然界中的那些相同的或具有与天然产生的植物甾醇相似性质的组合物。根据本发明的特定实施方案,本领域普通技术人员公知的植物甾醇的非限制性实例包括4-去甲基甾醇(例如,β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、菜籽甾醇、22-脱氢菜籽甾醇和Δ5-燕麦甾醇)、4-单甲基甾醇和4,4-二甲基甾醇(三萜烯醇)(例如,环阿乔醇、24-亚甲基环阿乔醇和cyclobranol)。
如本文中使用的,短语“甾烷醇”、“植物甾烷醇(plant stanol)”和“植物甾烷醇(phytostanol)”是同义的。植物甾烷醇是自然界中只有痕量存在的饱和甾醇醇并且也可以合成产生,如通过植物甾醇的氢化。根据本发明的特定实施方案,植物甾烷醇的非限制性实例包括β-二氢谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、环木菠萝烷醇和其他三萜醇的饱和形式。
如本文中使用的,植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇都包括各种异构体,如α和β异构体(例如,α-二氢谷甾醇和β-二氢谷甾醇,其分别包含对于降低哺乳动物的血清胆固醇最有效的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇之一)。
本发明的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇也可以是其酯形式。用于产生植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇的酯的合适方法是本领域普通技术人员公知的,并且公开于美国专利号6,589,588、6,635,774、6,800,317和美国专利公开号2003/0045473,将其公开内容全部按引用并入本文中。合适的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇的非限制性实例包括谷甾醇醋酸酯、谷甾醇油酸酯、豆甾醇油酸酯,及其相应的植物甾烷醇酯。本发明的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇还可以包括其衍生物。
通常,组合物中的功能性成分的量根据特定的组合物和所需的功能性成分而广泛不同。本领域普通技术人员将容易地确定针对每种组合物的功能成分的合适量。
在一个实施方案中,用于制备组合物的方法包括混合HSG-提取物和至少一种甜味剂和/或添加剂和/或功能性成分。
消费品
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物是包含HSG-提取物的消费品,或包含组合物的消费品,所述组合物包含HSG-提取物。
HSH-提取物,或包含其的组合物,可以掺入任何已知的可食或口服组合物中(在本文中称为“消费品”),如,例如,药物组合物、可食凝胶混合物和组合物、牙用组合物、食物(糖食、调味品、口香糖、谷类组合物、烘焙制品、乳制品和餐桌甜味剂组合物)、饮料和饮料制品。
如本文中使用的消费品,表示可以接触人或动物的口的物质,包括摄入并随后从口中吐出的物质以及饮用、食用、吞咽或其他摄入的物质,并且以通常可接受的范围使用时,对于人或动物食用是安全的。
例如,饮料是消费品。饮料可以是增甜或未增甜的。HSG-提取物,或包含HSG-提取物的组合物,可以加入饮料或饮料基质中,使得饮料变甜或增强其现有的甜味或风味。
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的消费品。消费品中的HSG-提取物的浓度可以高于、等于或低于其阈值甜度浓度。
在特定实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的消费品。饮料中的HSG-提取物的浓度可以高于、等于或低于其阈值甜度浓度。
消费品可以任选包括如本文中所述的添加剂、其他甜味剂、功能性成分及其组合。上述任一种添加剂、其他甜味剂和功能性成分可以存在于消费品中。
药物组合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含药物活性物质和HSG-提取物的药物组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是包含药物活性物质和包含HSG-提取物的组合物的药物组合物。
HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物可以作为药物组合物中的赋形剂材料存在,其可以遮掩药物活性物质或另一种赋形剂材料的苦味或其他不合需要的味道。药物组合物可以是片剂、胶囊、液体、气溶胶、粉剂、泡腾片或粉末、糖浆、乳液、悬浮液、溶液形式或用于将药物组合物提供给患者的任何其他形式。在特定实施方案中,药物组合物可以是用于口服给药、颊给药、舌下给药或本领域已知的任何其他给药途径的形式。
如本文中所指的,“药物活性物质”表示任何药物、药物制剂、药剂、预防剂、治疗剂或具有生物活性的其他物质。如本文中所指的,“赋形剂材料”是指用作用于活性成分的载体的任何无活性物质,如有助于操作、稳定性、分散性、润湿性和/或药物活性物质释放动力学的任何材料。
合适的药物活性物质包括,但不限于,用于胃肠道或消化系统、用于心血管系统、用于中枢神经系统、用于疼痛或知觉、用于肌肉-骨骼疾病、用于眼睛、用于耳朵、鼻子和喉、用于呼吸系统、用于内分泌问题、用于生殖系统或泌尿系统、用于避孕、用于产科和妇科、用于皮肤、用于传染和感染、用于免疫、用于过敏性疾病、用于营养、用于肿瘤疾病、用于诊断、用于安乐死或其他生物功能或疾病的药剂。用于本发明实施方案的合适药物活性物质的实例包括,但不限于,抗酸药、反流抑制剂、抗气胀药、抗多巴胺药、质子泵抑制剂、细胞保护剂、前列腺素类似物、轻泻药、镇痉药、抗腹泻药、胆汁酸螯合剂、阿片样物质、β-受体阻断剂、钙通道阻断剂、利尿剂、强心苷、抗心律失常药、硝酸盐、抗心绞痛药、血管收缩药、血管扩张药、外周激活剂、ACE抑制剂、血管紧张素受体阻断剂、α-阻断剂、抗凝血剂、肝素、抗血小板药、纤溶剂、抗血友病因子、止血药、降血脂剂、他汀类药物、hynoptics、麻醉剂、抗精神病药、抗抑郁剂、止吐药、抗惊厥药、抗癫痫药、抗焦虑药、巴比妥酸盐、运动障碍药物、刺激物、苯二氮、环吡咯酮、多巴胺拮抗剂、抗组织胺药、类胆碱能药、抗胆碱能药、催吐药、大麻素、止痛剂、肌肉松弛药、抗生素、氨基糖苷、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂、抗炎药、抗青光眼药、拟交感神经药、类固醇、溶耵聍剂、支气管扩张剂、NSAIDS、止咳药、粘液溶解剂、解充血药、皮质类固醇、雄激素、抗雄激素物质、促性腺激素、生长激素、胰岛素、抗糖尿病药、胸腺激素、降血钙素、二膦酸盐、后叶加压素类似物、碱化剂、喹诺酮、抗胆碱酯酶、西地那非、口服避孕药、激素替代疗法、骨调节剂、促卵泡激素、促黄体激素、加莫尼克酸、孕激素、多巴胺激动剂、雌激素、前列腺素、促性激素释放素、克罗米芬、他莫昔芬、乙烯雌酚、抗麻风药、抗结核病药、抗疟药、驱长虫药、抗原生动物药、抗血清、疫苗、干扰素、毒素、维生素、细胞毒性药物、性激素、芳香酶抑制剂、生长抑素抑制剂,或相似类型物质,或其组合。这样的组分通常被认为是安全的(GRAS)和/或是美国食品药品监督局(FDA)批准的。
药物活性物质根据待使用的特定药物活性剂及其打算的应用以宽范围的含量存在于药物组合物中。可以通过使用常规技术和通过观察类似情况下获得的结果容易地确定本文中所述的药物活性物质的任一个有效剂量。在确定有效剂量中,考虑各种因素,包括但不限于:患者的物种;其大小、年龄和整体健康;涉及的特定疾病;疾病的涉及程度或严重程度;个体患者的响应;给药的特定药物活性剂;给药方式;给药制剂的特征性生物利用率;选择的剂量方案;和同时使用的药剂。将药物活性物质以通常可接受含量使用时不存在严重毒性作用的情况下以足以递送给患者体内治疗量的药物活性物质的量包括在药物学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂中。因此,本领域技术人员可以容易地确定合适的含量。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,药物组合物中的药物活性物质的浓度将取决于药物的吸收、失活和排泄率以及本领域技术人员已知的其他因素。注意到剂量值还将随着待缓解病症的严重程度而改变。进一步了解对于任何特定受试者,应当根据个体需求和药物组合物给药或监督给药的人员的专业判断随着时间调整特定的剂量方案,并且本文中所列的剂量范围只是示例性的,并且不是打算用来限制所述组合物的范围或实践。药物活性物质可以一次给药,或可以分成多个较小剂量以不同时间间隔来给药。
药物组合物还可以包含其他药物学上可接受的赋形剂材料。用于本发明实施方案的合适赋形剂材料的实例包括,但不限于,抗粘剂、结合剂(例如,微晶纤维素、黄芪胶或明胶)、包衣、崩解剂、填充剂、稀释剂、软化剂、乳化剂、调味剂、着色剂、佐剂、润滑剂、功能剂(例如,营养素)、粘度调节剂、填充剂、glidiant(例如,胶体二氧化硅)、表面活性剂、渗透剂、稀释剂,或任何其他无活性成分,或其组合。例如,本发明的药物组合物可以包括选自碳酸钙、着色剂、增白剂、防腐剂和风味剂、醋精、硬脂酸镁、氢化植物油、天然或人造风味剂、精油、植物提取物、水果香精、明胶或其组合的赋形剂。
药物组合物的赋形剂材料可以任选包括其他人造或天然甜味剂、增量甜味剂,或其组合。增量甜味剂包括热量和无热量化合物。在特定实施方案中,甜味剂起到增量甜味剂的作用。增量甜味剂的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、右旋糖、麦芽糖、糊精、干燥的转化糖、果糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、左旋糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆固体、塔格糖、多元醇(例如,山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇和麦芽糖醇)、氢化淀粉水解物、异麦芽酮糖、海藻糖,及其混合物。在特定实施方案中,增量甜味剂根据所需的甜度水平以广泛范围的含量存在于药物组合物中。两种甜味剂的合适含量将是本领域技术人员容易确定的。
可食凝胶混合物和可食凝胶组合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的可食凝胶或可食凝胶混合物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明是包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物的可食凝胶或可食凝胶混合物。
可食凝胶是可以食用的凝胶。凝胶是其中颗粒网络跨越液体培养基体积的胶体系统。尽管凝胶主要由液体组成,并且因此呈现出与液体相似的密度,但由于跨越液体介质的颗粒网络,凝胶具有固体的结构一致性。为此,凝胶通常呈现为固体、胶状材料。凝胶可以用于各种应用中。例如,凝胶可以用于食品、颜料和粘附剂中。
用于特定实施方案中的可食凝胶组合物的非限制性实例包括凝胶甜点、布丁、果冻、酱、蛋糕、花色肉冻、棉花软糖、橡皮糖等。可食凝胶混合物通常是粉末状或颗粒固体,可以向其中加入流体,形成可食凝胶组合物。用于特定实施方案中的流体的非限制性实例包括水、乳制品流体、乳制品类似流体、汁液、醇、含醇饮料及其组合。可以用于特定实施方案中的乳制品流体的非限制性实例包括奶、培养的奶、奶油、流体乳清及其混合物。可以用于特定实施方案中的乳制品类似物流体的非限制性实例包括,例如,豆奶和非乳制品咖啡伴侣。因为市场上发现的可食凝胶产品通常是用蔗糖增甜的,理想的是用可替换的甜味剂使可食凝胶增甜,以提供低热量或无热量替代品。
如本文中使用的,“胶凝成分”表示可以在液体介质内形成胶体系统的任何材料。用于特定实施方案的胶凝成分的非限制性实例包括明胶、海藻酸盐、卡拉胶、树胶、果胶、魔芋、琼脂、食品酸、凝乳酶、淀粉、淀粉衍生物,及其组合。本领域普通技术人员公知可食凝胶混合物或可食凝胶组合物中使用的胶凝成分的量将根据各种因素而大范围地变化,所述因素如使用的特定胶凝成分、使用的特定流体基料和所需的凝胶特性。
可以使用包括食品酸、食品酸的盐、缓冲系统、填充剂、螯合剂、交联剂、一种或多种风味剂、一种或多种色素及其组合的成分来制备可食凝胶混合物和可食凝胶。用于特定实施方案中的食品酸的非限制性实例包括柠檬酸、己二酸、富马酸、乳酸、苹果酸及其组合。用于特定实施方案中的食品酸的盐的非限制性实例包括食品酸的钠盐、食品酸的钾盐及其组合。用于特定实施方案中的填充剂的非限制性实例包括raftilose、异麦芽酮糖、山梨糖醇、聚右旋糖、麦芽糖糊精及其组合。用于特定实施方案中的螯合剂的非限制性实例包括乙烯四乙酸二钠钙、葡萄糖δ-内酯、葡糖酸钠、葡糖酸钾、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)及其组合。用于特定实施方案的交联剂的非限制性实例包括钙离子、镁离子、钠离子及其组合。
牙用组合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的牙用组合物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明是包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物的牙用组合物。牙用组合物通常包含活性牙用物质和基质材料。HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物可以用作基质材料,使牙用组合物增甜。牙用组合物可以是用于口腔中的任何口腔组合物形式,如,例如,口腔清新剂、含漱剂、漱口剂、牙膏、牙齿抛光剂、牙粉、口腔喷雾、牙齿增白剂、牙线等。
如本文中所指的,“活性牙用物质”意思是可以用于提高牙齿或牙龈的美学外观和/或健康或防止龋齿的任何组合物。如本文中所指的,“基质材料”是指用作用于活性牙用物质的载体的任何无活性物质,如有助于活性牙用物质的操作、稳定性、分散性、润湿性、起泡和/或释放动力学的任何物质。
用于本发明实施方案的合适的活性牙用物质包括,但不限于,除去牙菌斑、从牙齿除去食物、有助于消除和/或遮掩口臭、防止蛀牙和防止牙龈疾病(即,齿龈)的物质。用于本发明实施方案的合适的活性牙用物质的实例包括,但不限于,防龋齿药物、氟化物、氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠、氟化亚锡、过氧化氢、过氧化尿素(即,过氧化脲)、抗细菌剂、去菌斑剂、去污剂、抗牙石剂、研磨料、小苏打、过碳酸钾、碱金属和碱土金属的过硼酸盐,或相似类型的物质,或其组合。这样的组分通常被认为是安全的(GRAS)和/或是美国食品药品监督局(FDA)批准的。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,活性牙用物质以牙用组合物的约50ppm至约3000ppm范围的量存在于牙用组合物中。通常,活性牙用物质以有效地至少在边缘提高牙齿或牙龈的美学外观和/或健康或预防龋齿的量存在于牙用组合物中。例如,包含牙用组合物的牙膏可以包括含有约850至1,150ppm量的氟化物的活性牙用物质。
牙用组合物除了HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物外,还可以包含基质材料。用于本发明的实施方案的合适基质材料的实例包括,但不限于,水、十二烷基硫酸钠或其他硫酸盐、湿润剂、酶、维生素、草药、钙、风味剂(例如,薄荷、泡泡糖、肉桂、柠檬或橙子)、表面活性剂、结合剂、防腐剂、胶凝剂、pH调节剂、过氧化物激活剂、稳定剂、着色剂,或相似类型材料,及其组合。
牙用组合物的基质材料可以任选包括其他人工或天然甜味剂、增量甜味剂,或其组合。增量甜味剂包括热量和无热量化合物。增量甜味剂的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、右旋糖、麦芽糖、糊精、干燥的转化糖、果糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、左旋糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆固体、塔格糖、多元醇(例如,山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇和麦芽糖醇)、氢化淀粉水解物、异麦芽酮糖、海藻糖,及其混合物。通常,牙用组合物中存在的增量甜味剂的含量范围广泛地取决于牙用组合物的特定实施方案和所需的甜味程度。本领域普通技术人员将容易地确定增量甜味剂的合适量。在特定实施方案中,增量甜味剂以牙用组合物的约0.1至约5重量百分比范围的量存在于牙用组合物中。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,基质材料以牙用组合物的约20至99%重量范围的量存在于牙用组合物中。通常,基质材料以有效提供用于活性牙用物质的载体的量存在。
在特定实施方案中,牙用组合物包含HSG-提取物和活性牙用物质。在另一个特定实施方案中,牙用组合物包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物和活性牙用物质。通常,甜味剂的量根据特定牙用组合物的性质和所需的甜味程度而广泛改变。
食品包括,但不限于,糖食、调味品、口香糖、谷类、烘焙制品和乳制品。
糖食
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的糖食。在另一个实施方案中,本发明是包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物的糖食。
如本文中所指的,“糖食”可以表示甜食、lollie、糖果或相似术语。糖食通常含有基质组合物组分和甜味剂组分。HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物可以作为甜味剂组分。糖食可以是通常感知富含糖或通常是甜的任何食品形式。根据本发明的特定实施方案,糖食可以是烘烤产品,如糕点;甜点,如酸奶、果冻、可饮用果冻、布丁、巴伐利亚奶油、牛奶冻、蛋糕、布朗尼、慕斯等、在下午茶或餐后使用的增甜食品;冷冻食品;冷甜食,例如,冰淇淋类型的,如冰淇淋、冻奶、酪冰等(其中将甜味剂和各种其他类型的原料加入奶制品中并将所得到的混合物搅拌和冷冻的食品),以及冰糖食,如果子露、甜点冰灯(其中将各种其他类型的原料加入含糖液体中并且将所得到的混合物搅拌和冷冻的食品);一般糖食,例如,烘焙的糖食或蒸制的糖食,如克力架、饼干、具有豆酱馅料的圆面包、碎芝麻蜂蜜糖(halvah)、alfajor等;米饼和点心;桌面产品;一般糖食,如口香糖(例如,包括含有基本上水不溶的、可咀嚼胶基的组合物,如糖胶树胶或其替代品,包括jetulong、guttakay橡胶或某些可食用天然合成树脂或蜡)、硬糖、软糖、薄荷、牛轧糖、果冻豆、牛奶巧克力软糖、太妃糖(toffee)、太妃糖(taffy)、瑞士奶片、甘草糖、巧克力、明胶糖、果汁软糖、杏仁蛋白软糖、奶油蛋白软糖、棉花糖等;酱汁,包括水果风味酱汁、巧克力酱等;可食凝胶;乳酪,包括黄油乳酪、面粉糊、搅打奶油等;酱,包括草莓酱、橘子酱等;和面包,包括甜面包等,或其他淀粉产品,及其组合。
如本文中所指的,“基料组合物”表示任何组合物,其可以是食品物质,并且提供用于携带甜味剂组分的基质。
用于本发明实施方案的合适基料组合物可以包括面粉、酵母、水、盐、黄油、蛋、奶、奶粉、酒、明胶、坚果、巧克力、柠檬酸、酒石酸、富马酸、天然风味剂、人造风味剂、着色剂、多元醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、乳糖醇、苹果酸、硬脂酸镁、卵磷脂、氢化葡萄糖糖浆、甘油、天然或合成树胶、淀粉等,及其组合。这样的组分通常是认为安全的(GRAS)和/或美国食品药品监督局(FDA)批准的。根据本发明的特定实施方案,基料组合物以糖食的约0.1至约99%重量范围的量存在于糖食中。通常,基料组合物以提供食品的量存在于糖食中。
糖食的基料组合物可以任选包括其他人造或天然甜味剂、增量甜味剂,或其组合。增量甜味剂包括热量和无热量化合物。增量甜味剂的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、右旋糖、麦芽糖、糊精、干燥的转化糖、果糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、左旋糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆固体、塔格糖、多元醇(例如,山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇和麦芽糖醇)、氢化淀粉水解物、异麦芽酮糖、海藻糖,及其混合物。通常,糖食中存在的增量甜味剂的含量范围广泛地取决于糖食的特定实施方案和所需的甜味程度。本领域普通技术人员将容易地确定增量甜味剂的合适量。
在特定实施方案中,糖食包含HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物和基料组合物。通常,糖食中的HSG-提取物的含量范围广泛地取决于糖食的特定实施方案和所需的甜味程度。本领域普通技术人员将容易地确定合适量。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以糖食的约30ppm至约6000ppm范围的量存在于糖食中。在另一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以糖食的约1ppm至约10,000ppm范围的量存在于糖食中。在其中糖食包括硬糖的实施方案中,HSG-提取物以硬糖的约150ppm至约2250ppm范围的量存在。
调味品组合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的调味品。在另一个实施方案中,本发明是包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物的调味品。如本文中使用的,调味品是用于增强或改善食品或饮料风味的组合物。调味品的非限制性实例包括番茄酱(调味番茄酱);芥末;烧烤酱;黄油;辣酱;酸辣酱;混合酱;咖喱;蘸酱;鱼酱;山葵;辣椒酱;果冻、果酱、桔子酱或蜜饯;蛋黄酱;花生酱;调味品(relish);加料的蛋黄酱(remoulade);沙拉酱(例如,油和醋、凯撒酱、法式酱、牧场沙拉酱、蓝芝士、俄式沙拉酱、千岛沙拉酱、意式沙拉酱和甜醋)、洋葱辣汁(salsa);德国酸菜;酱油;牛排酱;糖浆;塔塔酱;和伍斯特沙司。
调味品基料通常包含不同成分的混合物,所述成分的非限制性实例包括载体(例如,水和醋);香辛料或调味料(例如,盐、胡椒、大蒜、芥菜籽、洋葱、辣椒粉、姜黄,及其组合);水果、蔬菜或其制品(例如,番茄或基于番茄的制品(酱、泥)、果汁、果汁皮及其组合);油或油乳液,特别是植物油;增稠剂(例如,黄原胶、食品淀粉、其他水状胶体,及其组合);以及乳化剂(例如,蛋黄固体、蛋白质、阿拉伯胶、角豆胶、瓜尔豆胶、刺梧桐胶、黄芪胶、卡拉胶、果胶、海藻酸的丙二醇酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚山梨酸酯,及其组合)。用于调味品基料的配方以及制备调味品基料的方法是本领域普通技术人员已知的。
通常,调味品还包含热量甜味剂,如蔗糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、糖蜜、蜂蜜或红糖。在本文中提供的调味品的示例性实施方案中,替代传统的热量甜味剂,使用HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物。因此,调味品组合物理想地包含HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物和调味品基料。
调味品组合物任选可以包括天然和/或其他合成高效力甜味剂、增量甜味剂、pH调节剂(例如,乳酸、柠檬酸、磷酸、盐酸、醋酸,及其组合)、填充剂、功能剂(例如,药剂、营养素,或食品或植物的组分)、风味剂、着色剂,或其组合。
口香糖组合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的口香糖组合物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明是包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物的口香糖组合物。口香糖组合物通常包含水溶性部分和水不溶性可咀嚼胶基部分。水溶性部分,其通常包括本发明的组合物,在咀嚼过程中的一段时间内随着一部分风味剂消散,同时不溶性胶基部分保留在口中。不溶性胶基通常决定了胶体被认为是口香糖、泡泡糖,或是功能性胶体。
不溶性胶基,其通常以口香糖组合物的约15至约35%重量的量存在于口香糖中,通常包含弹性体、软化剂(增塑剂)、乳化剂、树脂和填充剂的组合。这样的组分通常认为是食品级的,认为是安全的(GRA),和/或美国药品食品监督局(FDA)批准的。
弹性体,胶基的主要组分,提供胶体的弹性、粘附性质,并且可以包括一种或多种天然橡胶(例如,熏乳胶、液体乳胶或银菊胶);天然树胶(例如,节路顿胶(jelutong)、佩里洛胶(perillo)、香豆果胶(sorva)、巴拉塔铁线子胶(massaranduba balata)、巧克力铁线子胶(massaranduba chocolate)、nispero、rosindinha、糖胶树胶和古塔胶(gutta hangkang));或合成弹性体(例如,丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、聚丁二烯、聚异丁烯和乙烯基聚合弹性体)。在特定实施方案中,弹性体以胶基的约3至约50%重量的量存在于胶基中。
树脂用于改变胶基的硬度,并且有助于软化胶基的弹性体组分。合适的树脂的非限制性实例包括松香酯、萜烯树脂(例如,来自α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和/或d-柠檬烯)、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯和乙酸乙烯酯-月桂酸乙烯酯共聚物。松香酯的非限制性实例包括部分氢化松香的甘油酯、聚合松香的甘油酯、部分二聚松香的甘油酯、松香的甘油酯、部分氢化松香的季戊四醇酯、松香的甲酯或部分氢化送行的甲酯。在特定实施方案中,树脂以胶基的约5至约75%重量范围的量存在于胶基中。
软化剂,其也称为增塑剂,用于改变咀嚼的容易性和/或口香糖组合物的口感。通常,软化剂包括油、脂肪、蜡和乳化剂。油和脂肪的非限制性实例包括牛脂、氢化牛酯、大的氢化或部分氢化的植物油(例如,大豆油、canola、棉籽油、向日葵油、棕榈油、椰子油、玉米油、红花油或棕榈仁油)、可可脂、单硬脂酸甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯、甘油松香酯、卵磷脂、单甘油酯、二甘油酯、三甘油酯、乙酰化单甘油酯和游离脂肪酸。蜡的非限制性实例包括聚丙烯/聚乙烯/Fisher-Tropsch蜡、石蜡以及微晶和天然蜡(例如,蜡大戟、蜂蜡和巴西棕榈蜡)。微晶蜡,尤其是具有高结晶度和高熔点的那些,也可以认为是增稠剂或质地改良剂。在特定实施方案中,软化剂以胶基的约0.5至约25%重量范围的量存在于胶基中。
乳化剂用于形成口香糖组合物的不溶和可溶相的均匀分散并且还具有塑化性能。合适的乳化剂包括单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS)、卵磷脂(磷脂酰胆碱)、聚甘油聚蓖麻酸(PPGR)、脂肪酸的单甘油酯和二甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯、tracetin、乙酰基化单甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯和硬脂酸镁。在特定实施方案中,乳化剂以胶基的约2至约30%重量范围的量存在于胶基中。
口香糖组合物还可以包不包含在口香糖组合物的胶基和/或可溶性部分中包含佐剂或填充剂。合适的佐剂和填充剂包括卵磷脂、菊粉、聚糊精、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硅酸镁、石灰石粉、氢氧化铝、硅酸铝、滑石、粘土、氧化铝、二氧化钛和磷酸钙。在特定实施方案中,卵磷脂可以用作惰性填充剂,来降低口香糖组合物的粘度。在其他特定实施方案中,乳酸共聚物、蛋白质(例如,谷蛋白和/或玉米醇溶蛋白)和/或瓜尔豆胶可以用于形成更容易生物降解的胶体。佐剂或填充剂通常以胶基的至多约20%重量的量存在于胶基中。其他人选成分包括着色剂、增白剂、防腐剂和风味剂。
在口香糖组合物的特定实施方案中,胶基占口香糖组合物的约5至约95%重量,更理想地占口香糖组合物的约15至约50%重量,和甚至更理想地占口香糖组合物的约20至约30%重量。
口香糖组合物的可溶性部分可以任选包括其他人造或天然甜味剂、增量甜味剂、软化剂、乳化剂、风味剂、着色剂、佐剂、填充剂、功能剂(例如,药剂或营养素),或其组合。软化剂和乳化剂的合适实例如上所述。
增量甜味剂包括热量和无热量化合物。增量甜味剂的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、右旋糖、麦芽糖、糊精、干燥的转化糖、果糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、左旋糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆固体、塔格糖、多元醇(例如,山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇和麦芽糖醇)、氢化淀粉水解物、异麦芽酮糖、海藻糖,及其混合物。在特定实施方案中,增量甜味剂以口香糖组合物约1至约75%重量范围的量存在于口香糖组合物中。
风味剂可以用于口香糖组合物的不溶性胶基或可溶性部分中。这样的风味剂可以是天然或人造风味剂。在特定实施方案中,风味剂包含精油,如源自植物或水果的油、薄荷油、绿薄荷油、其他薄荷油、丁香油、肉桂油、冬青油、月桂、百里香、柏叶、肉豆蔻、多香果、鼠尾草、肉豆蔻干皮(mace)和杏仁。在其他特定实施方案中,风味剂包括植物提取物或水果香精,如苹果、香蕉、西瓜、梨、桃、葡萄、草莓、树莓、樱桃、李、菠萝、杏,及其混合物。在再另一个特定实施方案中,风味剂包括柑桔风味剂,如柠檬、酸橙、橙子、柑桔、葡萄柚、香橼或金桔的提取物、香精或油。
在特定实施方案中,口香糖组合物包含HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物和胶基。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以口香糖组合物的约1ppm至约10,000ppm范围的量存在于口香糖组合物中。
谷类组合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的谷类组合物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明实施包含含有HSG-提取物的谷类组合物。谷类组合物通常作为主食或作为点心来食用。用于特定实施方案中的谷类组合物的非限制性实例包括即食谷类以及热谷类。即食谷类是不需要消费者进一步加工(即,烹调)就可以食用的谷类。即食谷类的实例包括早餐谷类和点心棒。早餐谷类通常被加工产生切碎的、薄片的、膨化的或挤出的形式。早餐谷物通常冷食并且常常与奶和/或水果混合。点心棒包括,例如,能量棒、米糕、格兰诺拉麦片棒和营养棒。热谷类通常在食用前烹调,通常在奶或水中。热谷类的非限制性实例包括玉米粥(grit)、粥、玉米面粥(polenta)、米饭和燕麦片。
谷类组合物通常包含至少一种谷类成分。如本文中使用的,术语“谷类成分”表示如完整或部分谷粒、完整或部分种子和完整或部分草的材料。用于特定实施方案的谷类成分的非限制性实例包括玉米、小麦、大米、大麦、麸皮、麸皮胚乳、碾碎的干小麦(bulgur)、高粱、粟、燕麦、黑麦、黑小麦、荞麦、fonio、奎奴亚藜、豆、大豆、苋属植物、埃塞俄比亚画眉草、斯佩尔特小麦和kaniwa。
在特定实施方案中,谷类组合物包含HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物和至少一种谷类成分。HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物可以以各种方式加入谷类组合物中,如,例如,作为涂层、作为糖霜、作为糖衣或作为基质混合物(即在制备最终谷类产品前作为成分加入谷类配方中)。
因此,在特定实施方案中,将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物作为基质混合物加入谷类组合物中。在一个实施方案中,在烹调前将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物与热谷类混合,以提供增甜的热谷类产品。在另一个实施方案中,在谷类挤出前将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物与谷类基质混合。
在另一个特定实施方案中,将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物作为涂层加入谷类组合物中,如,例如,通过将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物与食品级油混合并将混合物施用于谷类上。在不同的实施方案中,通过首先施加油或甜味剂,可以将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物和食品级油分开施加于谷类。用于特定实施方案中的食品级油的非限制性实例包括植物油,如玉米油、大豆油、棉籽油、花生油、椰子油、介花油、橄榄油、芝麻籽油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油,及其混合物。在再另一个实施方案中,食品级脂肪可以替代油使用,只要在将脂肪施加于谷类上之前,将脂肪熔化。
在特定实施方案中,将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物作为糖衣加入谷类组合物中。用于特定实施方案中的糖衣剂的非限制性实例包括玉米糖浆、蜂蜜糖浆和蜂蜜糖浆固体、枫糖浆和枫糖浆固体、蔗糖、异麦芽酮糖、聚右旋糖、多元醇、氢化淀粉水解物、其水溶液,及其混合物。在另一个这样的实施方案中,通过将糖衣剂和食品级油或脂肪混合并将混合物施加于谷类,将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物作为糖衣来添加。在再另一个实施方案中,可以将胶体系统,例如,阿拉伯胶、羧甲基纤维素或褐藻胶,加入糖衣中,以提供结构支持。此外,糖衣也可以包括着色剂,并且还可以包括风味剂。
在另一个实施方案中,将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物作为糖霜加入谷类组合物中。在一个这样的实施方案总,将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物与水和糖霜剂混合,并且随后施加于谷类。用于特定实施方案中的糖霜剂的非限制性实例包括麦芽糖糊精、蔗糖、淀粉、多元醇,及其混合物。糖霜还可以包括食品级油、食品级脂肪、着色剂和/或风味剂。
通常,谷类组合物中的HSG-提取物的含量根据特定类型的谷类组合物及其所需的甜度而广泛改变。本领域普通技术热原可以容易地确定加入谷类组合物中的甜味剂的合适量。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以谷类组合物的约0.02至约1.5%重量范围的量存在于谷类组合物中并且所述至少一种添加剂以谷类组合物的约1至约5%重量范围的量存在于谷类组合物中。
烘焙制品
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的烘焙制品。在另一个实施方案中,本发明是包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物的烘焙制品。如本文中使用的,烘焙制品包括即食和所有在供应前需要制备的准备烘焙的产品、面粉和混合物。烘焙制品的非限制性实例包括蛋糕、克力架、甜饼干、面包产品和圆形小面包。
根据本发明实施方案的优选烘焙制品可以规成三类:面包型面团(例如,白面包、各种各样的面包、软面包、硬质面包、百吉饼、披萨面团和墨西哥薄饼)、甜面团(例如,丹麦面包、可颂面包、克力架、千层酥皮、派皮、饼干和甜饼干)和面糊(例如,蛋糕,如海绵蛋糕、磅蛋糕、巧克力恶魔蛋糕、芝士蛋糕和千层蛋糕、甜甜圈或其他酵母发酵的蛋糕、布朗尼和玛芬蛋糕)。面团通常特征在于是基于面粉的,而面糊是更多基于水的。
根据本发明特定实施方案的烘焙制品通常包含甜味剂、水和脂肪的混合物。根据本发明的许多实施方案制得的烘焙制品还含有面粉,以制备面团或面糊。如本文中使用的术语“面团”是面粉和其他成分的混合物,其硬度足以捏合或滚揉。如本文中使用的术语“面糊”由面粉、液体(如奶或水)和其他成分组成,并且足够稀,以从勺倒出或滴落。理想地,根据本发明的特定实施方案,面粉以基于干重约15至约60%范围的量存在于烘焙制品中,更理想地基于干重约23至约48%。基于所需的产品选择面粉的类型。通常,面粉包含常规用于烘焙制品中的可食无毒面粉。根据特定实施方案,面粉可以是漂白的烘焙面粉、通用面粉或未漂白的面粉。在其他特定实施方案中,还可以使用已经用其他方式处理过的面粉。例如,在特定实施方案中,可以用另外的维生素、矿物质或蛋白质来强化面粉。适用于本发明特定实施方案的面粉的非限制性实例包括小麦、玉米粉、完整谷粒、完整谷粒的一部分(小麦、麸皮和燕麦粉),及其组合。淀粉或含淀粉材料在特定实施方案中也可以用作面粉。普通的食品淀粉通常源自马铃薯、玉米、小麦、大麦、燕麦、木薯、竹竽和西米。改性淀粉和预糊化淀粉也可以用于本发明的特定实施方案中。
本发明特定实施方案中使用的脂肪或油的类型可以包括任何适用于烘焙的可食用脂肪、油,或其组合。适用于本发明特定实施方案中的脂肪的非限制性实例包括植物油、牛脂、猪油、海产品油,及其组合。根据特定实施方案,脂肪可以是分级的、部分氢化的和/或强化的。在另一个特定实施方案中,脂肪理想地包含还原的、低热量或不可消化的脂肪、脂肪替代品或合成脂肪。在再另一个特定实施方案中,也可以使用起酥油、脂肪,或硬或软脂肪的混合物。在特定实施方案中,起酥油主要源自从植物来源获得的甘油三酯(例如,棉籽油、大豆油、花生油、亚麻籽油、芝麻油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、菜籽油、红花油、椰子油、玉米油、向日葵油,及其混合物)。具有8至24个碳原子链长的脂肪酸的合成或天然甘油三酯也可以用于特定的实施方案中。理想地,根据本发明的特定实施方案,脂肪以基于干重约2至约35%范围的量存在于烘焙制品中,更理想地基于干重约3至约29%。
根据本发明特定实施方案的烘焙制品还包含含量足以提供所需稠度、能够使得烘焙制品在烹调之前或之后适当成形、机器加工和切割的水。烘焙制备的总含水量包括任何直接加入烘焙制品中的水以及分开添加的成分(例如,面粉,其通常包括约12至约14%重量水分)中存在的水。理想地,根据本发明的特定实施方案,水以烘焙制品的至多约25%重量的量存在于烘焙制品中。
根据本发明特定实施方案的烘焙制品还可以包含各种其他常规成分,如发酵剂、风味剂、色素、奶、奶副产品、蛋、蛋副产品、可可、香草或其他调味剂,以及内含物,如坚果、葡萄干、樱桃、苹果、杏、桃、其他水果、柑桔皮、蜜饯、椰子、调味片(如巧克力片、奶油糖果片和焦糖片),及其组合。在特定实施方案中,烘焙制品还可以包含乳化剂,如卵磷脂和单甘油酯。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,发酵剂可以包含化学发酵剂或酵母发酵剂。适用于本发明特定实施方案中的化学发酵剂的非限制性实例包括小苏打(例如,碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾或碳酸氢铝)、发酵酸(例如,磷酸钠铝、磷酸一钙或磷酸二钙),及其组合。
根据本发明另一个特定实施方案,可可可以包含已经通过溶剂提取、压榨或其他方式榨出或除去相当大部分的脂肪或可可脂的天然或“Dutched”巧克力。在特定实施方案中,由于可可脂中存在的其他脂肪,可能需要降低包含巧克力的烘焙制品中的脂肪含量。在特定实施方案中,与可可相比,可能需要添加较大量的巧克力,以提供等量的风味和颜色。
烘焙制品通常还包含热量甜味剂,如蔗糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、赤藓糖醇、糖蜜、蜂蜜或红糖。在本文中提供的烘焙制品的示例性实施方案中,用HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物部分或全部替代热量甜味剂。因此,在一个实施方案中,烘焙制品包含HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物,结合脂肪、水和任选的面粉。在特定实施方案中,烘焙制品任选地可以包括其他天然和/或合成的高效力甜味剂和/或增量甜味剂。
乳制品
在一个实施方案中,本发明的消费品是包含HSG-提取物的乳制品。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的消费品时包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物的乳制品。适用于本发明的乳制品和用于制品乳制品的方法是本领域普通技术人员公知的。如本文中使用的乳制品,包含奶或从奶产生的食品。适用于本发明实施方案的乳制品的非限制性实例包括奶、奶油、酸奶油、法式酸奶(crème fraiche)、酪乳(buttermilk)、发酵酪乳、奶粉、炼乳、淡奶、黄油、干酪、松软干酪、奶油干酪、酸奶、冰淇淋、冻乳霜(frozen custard)、冻酸奶、意大利冰淇淋(gelato)、vla、piima、kajmak、kephir、viili、kumiss、airag、冰奶、酪蛋白、ayran、lassi、khoa,或其组合。
奶是通过雌性哺乳动物乳腺分泌的用于其幼儿营养的流体。雌性的产奶能力是限定哺乳动物特征之一并且在新生儿能够消化更多不同食物之前给其提供营养。在本发明的特定实施方案中,乳制品源自牛、山羊、绵羊、马、驴、骆驼、水牛、牦牛、驯鹿、驼鹿或人的鲜奶。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,从鲜奶加工乳制品通常包括巴氏杀菌、奶油化(creaming)和均质的步骤。尽管鲜奶可以不用巴氏杀菌就食用,但通常巴氏杀菌以破坏有害的微生物,如细菌、病毒、原生动物、霉菌和酵母。巴氏杀菌通常包括将奶加热至高温,持续短的时间段,以实质性地降低微生物的数量,由此降低疾病风险。
奶油化通常在巴氏杀菌后,并且涉及将奶分离成较高脂肪的奶油层和较低脂肪的奶层。奶在静置十二至二十四小时时将分离成奶和奶油层。奶油上升至奶层顶部并且可以脱脂,并用作分开的乳制品。或者,可以使用离心,将奶油与奶分离。根据奶的脂肪含量,将剩余的奶归类,其非限制性实例包括全脂、2%、1%和脱脂奶。
通过奶油化从奶除去所需量的脂肪后,常常将奶均质。均质防止奶油与奶分离并且通常涉及将奶高压泵过窄管,以破碎奶的脂肪球。奶的巴氏杀菌、奶油化和均质是常见的,但对于生产可食用的乳制品不是必需的。因此,用于本发明实施方案的合适乳制品可以不经历本文中所述的加工步骤、经历单个加工步骤或加工步骤的组合。用于本发明实施方案中的合适乳制品还可以经历除了本文中所述加工步骤以外的其他加工步骤。
本发明的特定实施方案包括通过其他加工步骤从奶生产的乳制品。如上所述,可以从奶顶部将奶油脱脂,或使用机械离心机从奶分离。在特定实施方案中,乳制品包含酸奶油,一种通过使用细菌培养物发酵奶油获得的富含脂肪的乳制品。细菌在发酵过程中产生乳酸,其使得奶油变酸和变稠。在另一个特定实施方案中,乳制品包括法式酸奶,一种以酸奶油相似方法用细菌培养物略微酸化的浓奶油。法式酸奶通常没有酸奶油那么稠,也没有那么酸。在再另一个特定实施方案中,乳制品包括发酵酪乳。发酵酪乳通过将细菌加入奶中获得。所得到的细菌培养物将乳糖转化成乳酸的发酵产生酸味的发酵酪乳。尽管以不同方式来生产,发酵酪乳通常与传统酪乳相似,传统酪乳是黄油制造的副产品。
根据本发明的其他特定实施方案,乳制品包含奶粉、炼乳、淡奶,或其组合。奶粉、炼乳和淡奶通常通过从奶除去水来生产。在特定实施方案中,乳制品包括奶粉,所述奶粉包含具有低含水量的干燥奶固体。在另一个特定实施方案中,乳制品包含炼乳。炼乳通常包括具有降低的含水量的奶和添加的甜味剂,产生具有长保质期的浓稠甜产品。在再另一个特定实施方案中,乳制品包含淡奶。淡奶通常包含新鲜的、从其已经除去约60%水、已经冷藏、用添加剂(如维生素和稳定剂)强化、包装并最终灭菌的均质奶。根据本发明另一个特定实施方案,乳制品包含干奶精和HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取的组合物。
在另一个特定实施方案中,本文中提供的乳制品包含黄油。通常通过搅拌新鲜或发酵的奶油或奶来制备黄油。黄油通常包含围绕小滴的乳脂,所述小滴主要包含水和奶蛋白质。搅拌过程破坏了围绕乳脂微球体的膜,允许奶脂肪与奶油的其他部分结合和分离。在再另一个特定实施方案中,乳制品包含酪乳,其是通过搅拌方法从全脂奶生产黄油后剩余的酸味液体。
再在另一个特定实施方案中,乳制品包含干酪,干酪是使用凝乳酶或凝乳酶替代品和酸化的组合,通过将奶凝结产生的固体食品。凝乳酶是哺乳动物胃中产生的用于消化奶的天然酶复合物,将其用于干酪制备中,以将奶凝结,使其分离成称为凝乳的固体和称为乳清的液体。通常,凝乳酶从年轻反刍动物(如,牛犊)的胃获得;然而,凝乳酶的可替换来源包括一些植物、微生物生物体和遗传修饰的细菌、真菌或酵母。此外,奶可以通过添加酸(如,柠檬酸)来凝结。通常,使用凝乳酶和/或酸化的组合来使奶凝结。将奶分离成凝乳和乳清后,一些干酪通过简单排干、加盐和包装凝乳来制得。然而,对于大部分干酪,需要更多处理。处理方法包括将干酪加热、切成小方块排干、加盐、拉伸、切达(cheddaring)、洗涤、模制、老化和熟化。一些干酪,如蓝干酪,在老化之前或之中引入其他细菌或霉菌,给予最终产品风味和香味。农夫干酪(cottage cheese)是具有温和风味的干酪凝乳产品,其排干但不压制,使得保留一些乳清。凝乳通常洗涤以除去酸度。奶油干酪是通过将奶油加入奶中且随后凝结以形成丰富凝乳的软的、温和味道的白干酪,具有高脂肪含量。或者,将奶油加入凝乳中,从脱脂奶制得奶油干酪。应当理解,如本文中使用的干酪,包含奶凝结产生的所有固体食品。
在本发明的另一个特定实施方案中,乳制品包含酸奶。酸奶通常通过奶的细菌发酵产生。乳糖的发酵产生乳酸,其作用于奶中的蛋白质,获得凝胶样之地和酸味的酸奶。在特别理想的实施方案中,可以用甜味剂给酸奶增甜和/或调味。调味剂的非限制性实例包括,但不限于,水果(例如,桃、草莓、香蕉)、香草和巧克力。如本文中所述的酸奶还包括具有不同稠度和年度的酸奶品种,如dahi、dadhi或dadiah,labneh或labaneh、bulgarian、开菲尔(kefir)和matsoni。在另一个特定实施方案中,乳制品包含基于酸奶的饮料,也称为可饮用酸奶或酸奶思慕雪。在特别理想的实施方案中,基于酸奶的饮料可以包含甜味剂、调味剂、其他成分,或其组合。
除了本文中所述那些的其他乳制品可以用于本发明的特定实施方案中。这样的乳制品是本领域普通技术人员公知的,其非限制性实例包括奶、奶和汁液、咖啡、茶、vla、piima、filmjolk、kajmak、kephir、viili、kumiss、airag、冰奶、酪蛋白、ayran、lassi和khoa。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,乳制品组合物还可以包含其他添加剂。合适添加剂的非限制性实例包括甜味剂和调味剂,如巧克力、草莓和香蕉。本文中提供的乳制品组合物的特定实施方案还可以包含其他营养补充剂,如维生素(维生素D)和矿物质(例如,钙),以改善奶的营养组成。
在特别理想的实施方案中,乳制品组合物包含结合乳制品的HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以乳制品的约200至20,000%重量范围的量存在于乳制品组合物中。
HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物也适用于加工的农业产品、畜产品或海产食品中;加工的肉制品,如香肠等;蒸煮食品、腌渍食品、酱油中煮沸的腌渍食品、菜肴、配菜;汤;点心,如薯片、甜饼干等;作为切碎的馅料、叶、茎、杆、均质的腌制叶和动物饲料。
桌面甜味剂组合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的桌面甜味剂。桌面组合物可以进一步包含至少一种填充剂、添加剂、抗结剂、功能性成分或其组合。
合适的“填充剂”包括,但不限于,麦芽糖糊精(10DE、18DE或5DE)、玉米糖浆固体(20或36DE)、蔗糖、果糖、普通糖、转化糖、山梨糖醇、木糖、核酮糖、甘露糖、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、乳糖醇、异麦芽酮糖、麦芽糖、塔格糖、乳糖、菊粉、甘油、丙二醇、多元醇、聚右旋糖、果寡糖、纤维素和纤维素衍生物等,及其混合物。此外,根据本发明的其他实施方案,颗粒糖(蔗糖)或其他热量甜味剂,如晶体果糖、其他碳水化合物或糖醇,可以作为填充剂,因为它们提供良好的内含物均一性,且没有增加显著热量。
如本文中使用的,短语“抗结剂”和“流平剂”是指有助于内含物均一性和均匀溶解的任何组合物。根据特定实施方案,抗结剂的非限制性实例包括塔塔粉、硅酸钙、二氧化硅、微晶纤维素(Avicel,FMC BioPolymer,费城,宾夕法尼亚州)和磷酸三钙。在一个实施方案中,抗结剂以桌面甜味剂组合物的约0.001至约3%重量的量存在于桌面甜味剂组合物中。
桌面甜味剂组合物可以以本领域已知的任何形式包装。非限制形式包括,但不限于,粉末形式、颗粒形式、小袋、片剂、香包、丸剂、方块、固体和液体。
在一个实施方案中,桌面甜味剂组合物是包含干混物的单份(份量控制)包装。干混物制剂通常可以包含粉末或颗粒。尽管桌面甜味剂组合物可以是任何尺寸的小袋,常规份量控制桌面甜味剂小袋的说明性非限制性实例大约为2.5×1.5英寸并且容纳大约1克具有等于2茶匙颗粒糖(~8g)甜度的甜味剂组合物。干混桌面甜味剂制剂中的HSG-提取物的含量可以改变。在特定实施方案中,干混桌面甜味剂制剂可以含有桌面甜味剂组合物的约1%(w/w)至约10%(w/w)量的HSG-提取物。
固体桌面甜味剂实施方案包括方块和片剂。常规方块的非限制性实例是大小等于颗粒糖的标准方块,大约为2.2×2.2×2.2cm3并且重约8g。在一个实施方案中,固体桌面甜味剂是片剂形式或本领域技术人员已知的任何其他形式。
桌面甜味剂组合物还可以具体为液体形式,其中将HSG提取物与液体载体混合。用于液体桌面甜味剂的载体剂的合适非限制性实例包括水、醇、多元醇、溶解于水中的甘油基料或柠檬酸基料,及其混合物。对于本文中所述的或本领域已知的任一种形式,桌面甜味剂的甜度当量可以改变,以获得所需的甜度特征。例如,桌面甜味剂组合物可以包含与相等含量的标准糖相当的甜度。在另一个实施方案中,桌面甜味剂组合物可以包含高达等量糖100倍的甜度。在另一个实施方案中,桌面甜味剂组合物可以包含高达等量糖90倍、80倍、70倍、60倍、50倍、40倍、30倍、20倍、10倍、9倍、8倍、7倍、6倍、5倍、4倍、3倍和2倍的甜度。
饮料和饮料产品
在一个实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的饮料或饮料产品。在另一个实施方案中,本发明是包含含有HSG-提取物的组合物的饮料或饮料产品。
如本文中使用的,“饮料产品”是即饮饮料、饮料浓缩物、饮料糖浆或粉末状饮料。合适的即饮饮料包括碳酸和非碳酸饮料。碳酸饮料包括,但不限于,增强的含气饮料、可乐、柠檬-酸橙味含气饮料、橙味含气饮料、葡萄味含气饮料、草莓味含气饮料、菠萝味含气饮料、姜汁汽水、软饮料和根汁汽水。非碳酸饮料包括,但不限于,果实、果味汁、汁液饮料、花蜜、蔬菜汁、蔬菜味汁、运动饮料、能量饮料、强化水饮料、维生素强化水、接近水的饮料(例如,含有天然或合成风味剂的水)、椰子水、茶型饮料(例如,红茶(black tea)、绿茶、红茶(red tea)、乌龙茶)、咖啡、可可饮料、含有奶成分的饮料(例如,奶饮料、含有奶成分的咖啡、拿铁、奶茶、果奶饮料)、含谷类提取物的饮料、思慕雪及其组合。
用初始体积的液体基质(例如,水)和所需饮料成分制备饮料浓缩物和饮料糖浆。然后通过加入更多体积的水制备单倍强度饮料。可以在不存在液体基质的情况下,将所有饮料成分干混,来制备粉末状饮料。然后通过加入全部体积的水来制备单倍强度饮料。
饮料包含液体基质,即,其中溶解包括本发明组合物的成分的基础成分。在一个实施方案中,饮料包含饮料品质的水作为液体基质,如,例如,可以使用去离子水、蒸馏水、反向渗透水、碳处理过的水、纯化水、去矿物质水及其组合。其他合适的液体基质包括,但不限于磷酸、磷酸盐缓冲剂、柠檬酸、柠檬酸盐缓冲剂和碳处理过的水。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的消费品是包含HSG-提取物的饮料。
在另一个实施方案中,饮料含有包含HSG-提取物的组合物。
在进一步的实施方案中,本发明是包含HSG-提取物的饮料产品。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是含有包含HSG-提取物的组合物的饮料产品。
饮料中的HSG-提取物的浓度可以高于、等于或低于其阈值甜度或识别浓度。
在特定实施方案中,饮料中的HSG-提取物的浓度高于其阈值甜度或风味识别浓度。在一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物的浓度高于其阈值甜度或风味识别浓度至少约1%、至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%或更高。
在另一个特定实施方案中,饮料中的HSG-提取物的浓度等于或大致等于HSG-提取物的阈值甜度或风味识别浓度。
在再另一个特定实施方案中,饮料中的HSG-提取物的浓度低于HSG-提取物的阈值甜度或风味识别浓度。在一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物的浓度低于其阈值甜度或风味识别浓度至少约1%、至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%或更高。
在一个实施方案中,本发明是含有约1ppm至约10,000ppm量的HSG-提取物的饮料或饮料产品,如,例如,约25ppm至约800ppm。在另一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以约100ppm至约600ppm范围的量存在于饮料中。在再另一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以约100至约200ppm,约100ppm至约300ppm,约100ppm至约400ppm,或约100ppm至约500ppm范围的量存在于饮料中。在再另一个实施方案中,HSG-提取物以约300至约700ppm,如,例如,约400ppm至约600ppm范围的量存在于饮料或饮料产品中。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以约500ppm的量存在于饮料中。
饮料可以进一步包括至少一种其他甜味剂。可以使用本文中详述的任一种甜味剂,包括天然、非天然或合成的甜味剂。这些可以在HSG-提取物之前、同时或之后加入。
在一个实施方案中,饮料含有浓度为约100ppm至约140,000ppm的碳水化合物甜味剂。合成的甜味剂可以以约0.3ppm至约3,500ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。天然的高效力甜味剂以约0.1ppm至约3,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
饮料可以进一步包含添加剂,包括,但不限于,碳水化合物、多元醇、氨基酸及其相应的盐、聚氨基酸及其相应的盐、糖酸及其相应的盐、核苷酸、有机酸、无机酸、有机盐(包括有机酸盐和有机碱盐)、无机盐、苦味化合物、咖啡因、风味剂和风味成分、涩味化合物、蛋白质或蛋白质水解物、表面活性剂、乳化剂、增重剂、汁液、乳制品、谷类和其他植物提取物、类黄酮、醇、聚合物及其组合。可以使用本文中所述的任何合适的添加剂。
在一个实施方案中,多元醇可以以约100ppm至约250,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中,如,例如,约5,000ppm至约40,000ppm。
在另一个实施方案中,氨基酸可以以约10ppm至约50,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中,如,例如,约1,000ppm至约10,000ppm,约2,500ppm至约5,000ppm或约250ppm至约7,500ppm。
在再另一个实施方案中,核苷酸可以约5ppm至约1,000ppm浓度的存在于饮料中。
在再另一个实施方案中,有机酸添加剂可以以约10ppm至约5,000ppm浓度的存在于饮料中。
在再另一个实施方案中,无机酸添加剂可以以约25ppm至约25,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
在再另一个实施方案中,苦味化合物以约25ppm至约25,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
在再另一个实施方案中,风味剂以约0.1ppm至约4,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
在再进一步的实施方案中,聚合物以约30ppm至约2,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
在另一个实施方案中,蛋白质水解物可以约200ppm至50,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
在再另一个实施方案中,表面活性剂添加剂可以约30ppm至约2,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
再在另一个实施方案中,类黄酮添加剂可以约0.1ppm至约1,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
在再另一个实施方案中,醇添加剂可以以约625ppm至约10,000ppm浓度存在于饮料中。
在再进一步的实施方案中,涩味添加剂可以以约10ppm至约5,000ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
饮料可以进一步含有以上详述的一种或多种功能性成分。功能性成分包括,但不限于,维生素、矿物质、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、葡糖胺、多酚及其组合。可以使用本文中所述的任何合适的功能性成分。
可以预见的是消费品(如,例如,饮料)的pH没有实质性地或不利地影响甜味剂的味道。饮料的pH范围的非限制性实例可以为约1.8至约10。再一个实例包括约2至约5的pH范围。在特定实施方案中,饮料的pH可以为约2.5至约4.2。本领域技术人员应当理解饮料的pH可以基于饮料的类型而改变。例如,乳饮料可以具有高于4.2的pH。
包含HSG-提取物的饮料的可滴定酸度范围可以为饮料的约0.01至约1.0%重量。
在一个实施方案中,含气饮料产品具有饮料的约0.01至约1.0%重量的酸度,如,例如,饮料的约0.05%至约0.25%重量。
含气饮料产品的碳酸化具有0至约2%(w/w)二氧化碳或其等价物,例如,约0.1至约1.0%(w/w)。
例如,饮料的温度范围可以为约4℃至约100℃,如,例如,约4℃至约25℃。
饮料可以是具有高达约120卡路里/8oz份的全热量饮料。
饮料可以是具有高达约60卡路里/8oz份的中等热量饮料。
饮料可以是具有高达约40卡路里/8oz份的低热量饮料。
饮料可以是具有低于约5卡路里/8oz份的零热量饮料。
使用方法
本发明的化合物和组合物可以用于给予消费品或其他组合物甜度或增强消费品或其他组合物的风味或甜度。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是制备消费品的方法,包括(i)提供消费品基质和(ii)将HSG-提取物加入消费品基质中,以提供消费品。
在特定实施方案中,本发明是制备饮料的方法,包括(i)提供液体或饮料基质和(ii)将HSG-提取物加入消费品基质中,以提供饮料。
在另一个方面中,本发明是制备增甜消费品的方法,包括(i)提供可增甜的消费品和(ii)将HSG-提取物加入可增甜的消费品中,以提供增甜消费品。
在特定实施方案中,本发明是制备增甜饮料的方法,包括(i)提供可增甜的饮料和(ii)将HSG-提取物加入可增甜饮料中,以提供增甜的饮料。
在以上方法中,可以按原样,或以组合物的形式,提供HSG-提取物。作为组合物提供HSG-提取物时,将组合物加入消费品(例如,饮料)中时,组合物的含量能有效提供高于、等于或低于其阈值风味或甜度识别浓度的HSG-提取物的浓度。没有作为组合物提供HSG-提取物时,可以以高于、等于或低于其阈值风味或甜度识别浓度的浓度加入消费品中。
在一个实施方案中,本发明是用于增强消费品甜度的方法,包括(i)提供包含一种或多种甜成分的消费品和(ii)将HSG-提取物(1)加入消费品中,以提供具有增强甜度的消费品,其中将HSG-提取物以等于或低于其阈值甜度识别浓度加入消费品中。在特定实施方案中,将HSG-提取物以低于其阈值甜度识别浓度加入消费品中。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是用于增强消费品甜度的方法,包括(i)提供包含一种或多种甜成分的消费品和(ii)将包含HSG-提取物的组合物加入消费品中,以提供具有增强甜度的消费品,其中HSG-提取物以组合物加入消费品时有效提供等于或低于阈值甜度识别浓度的HSG-提取物浓度的量存在于组合物中。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以有效提供低于其阈值甜度识别浓度的HSG-提取物浓度的量存在于组合物中。
在特定实施方案中,本发明是用于增强饮料甜度的方法,包括(i)提供包含至少一种甜成分的饮料和(ii)将HSG-提取物加入饮料中,以提供具有增强甜度的饮料,其中将HSG-提取物以有效提供等于或低于阈值甜度识别浓度的浓度的量加入饮料中。在特定实施方案中,将HSG-提取物以有效提供低于其阈值甜度识别浓度的浓度的量加入消费品中。
在另一个特定实施方案中,本发明是用于增强饮料甜度的方法,包括(i)提供包含一种或多种甜成分的饮料和(ii)将包含HSG-提取物的组合物加入消费品中,以提供具有增强甜度的饮料,其中HSG-提取物以组合物加入饮料时有效提供等于或低于其阈值甜度识别浓度的HSG-提取物浓度的量存在于组合物中。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以组合物加入饮料时有效提供低于其阈值甜度识别浓度的HSG-提取物浓度的量存在于组合物中。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是用于增强消费品风味的方法,包括(i)提供包含至少一种风味成分的消费品和(ii)将HSG-提取物加入消费品中,以提供具有增强风味的消费品,其中将HSG-提取物以等于或低于其阈值风味识别浓度的浓度加入消费品中。在特定实施方案中,将HSG-提取物以低于其阈值风味剂识别浓度的浓度加入消费品中。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是用于增强消费品风味的方法,包括(i)提供包含至少一种风味成分的消费品和(ii)将组合物HSG-提取物加入消费品中,以提供具有增强风味的消费品,其中HSG-提取物以组合物加入消费品时有效提供等于或低于其阈值风味识别浓度的HSG-提取物浓度的量存在于组合物中。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以组合物加入消费品时有效提供低于其阈值风味识别浓度的HSG-提取物浓度的量存在于组合物中。
在特定实施方案中,本发明是用于增强饮料风味的方法,包括(i)提供包含至少一种风味成分的饮料和(ii)将HSG-提取物加入饮料中,以提供具有增强风味的饮料,其中将HSG-提取物以等于或低于其阈值风味识别浓度的浓度加入饮料中。在特定实施方案中,将HSG-提取物以低于其阈值风味识别浓度的浓度加入消费品中。
在特定实施方案中,本发明是用于增强饮料风味的方法,包括(i)提供包含至少一种风味成分的饮料和(ii)将包含HSG-提取物的组合物加入饮料中,以提供具有增强风味的饮料,其中HSG-提取物以组合物加入饮料时有效提供等于或低于其阈值风味识别浓度的HSG-提取物浓度的量存在于组合物中。在特定实施方案中,HSG-提取物以组合物加入饮料时有效提供低于其阈值风味识别浓度的HSG-提取物浓度的量存在于组合物中。
本发明还包括制备增甜的组合物(例如,增甜的消费品)和风味增强的组合物(例如,风味增强的消费品)的方法,通过将HSG-提取物或包含HSG-提取物的组合物加入这样的组合物/消费品中。
以下实施例说明了本发明的优选实施方案。应当理解本发明不限于实施例中所列的材料、比例、条件和程序,其只是说明性的。
实施例1
甜菊提取物的制备
根据US 13/122,232(Morita等)所述的方法进行了甜菊干燥叶的提取。
用20倍重量的水提取获自甜菊栽培品种的100g干叶几次,直至不能品尝到甜味。将提取物通过装满300mL大孔吸附树脂(Diaion HP-20)的柱子,其中水提物的甜菊醇糖苷吸附至树脂,而大部分其他杂质通过柱子,没有吸附至树脂。用水充分洗涤珠子,以除去杂质,并且用900mL甲醇洗脱吸附的甜菊醇糖苷。将洗脱液通过装满200mL离子交换树脂(Diaion WA-30)的柱子;将10g活性炭加入洗脱液中并搅拌。将混合物过滤,将滤液浓缩,并且将残余物干燥,获得包含最初存在于各自甜菊栽培品种的干叶中的全部甜菊醇糖苷的甜菊提取物。
将所获得的未处理的水提物用于各种应用中,没有任何进一步的单独甜菊醇糖苷的纯化、结晶、分选、分离。
实施例2
HPLC测试
可以使用能够分离本文中所述的每种甜菊醇糖苷的任一种HPLC方法或HPLC方法的组合。Morita等,2011和Ohta等,2010所述的HPLC测试程序不能正确地分离如RebE、RebM和RebD这样的糖苷。因此,研发了HPLC方法来可靠地测定和定量甜菊醇糖苷RebE、RebD、RebM、RebN、RebO、RebA、Stev、RebF、RebC、DulA、Rub、RebB和Sbio。每种样品通过2种HPLC方法来分析。
方法1用于RebE、RebD、RebM、RebN和RebO的分析,同时方法2用于分析RebA、Stev、RebF、RebC、DulA、Rub、RebB和Sbio。用于RebE、RebD、RebM、RebN、RebO和其他甜菊醇糖苷的参照标准品购自ChromaDex Inc.(USA)。使用配备有双重泵、自动取样器、连接“Chemstation B”软件的DAD检测器的Agilent 1200HPLC系统。或者,也可以使用任何其他等效的HPLC系统。
方法1仪器条件
柱子:Agilent Poroshell 120SB-C18 2.7μm,4.6×150mm
柱温:40℃
移动相:
溶剂A 10mM磷酸二氢单钠pH2.6:乙腈,75%:25%(v/v)
溶剂B水:乙腈,50%:50%(v/v)
梯度程序%v/v:
时间(min) | A(%) | B(%) |
0.0 | 100 | 0 |
14.0 | 100 | 0 |
14.5 | 0 | 100 |
25.0 | 0 | 100 |
流速:0.5mL/min
注射:5μL
检测:210nm的UV
运行时间:25min
后时间(post time):10min
自动取样器温度:环境温度
方法2仪器条件
柱子:Agilent Poroshell 120SB-C18 2.7μm,4.6×150mm
柱温:40℃
移动相:等梯度(isocratic)10mM磷酸二氢单钠pH2.6:乙腈,68%:32%(v/v)
流速:1.0mL/min
注射:5μL
检测:210nm UV
运行时间:20min
自动取样器温度:环境温度
表1概括了各种提取物和叶子中的甜菊醇糖苷的浓度(%wt/wt,干基)。栽培品种805082(高RebA)和803066(高蛇菊苷)作为对照提供。可以看到在源自普通甜菊的提取物中,rebE、rebM、rebD、rebN和rebO的最高浓度分别为0.9%、1.33%、2.10%、1.4%和0.6%。同时,在源自本发明的甜菊栽培品种的提取物中,rebE、rebM、RebD、rebN和rebD的浓度分别可以高达17.49%、7.64%、23.04%、4.87%和5.85%。
表1
普通甜菊品种(Morita等,2011,Ohta等,2010)和本发明品种的叶和叶的未处理水
提物中的甜菊醇糖苷的浓度(%wt/wt,干基)
*在Morita等,2011中,品种A RebE峰标记为“III+莱鲍迪苷E”;品种B和ST RebE峰标记为“莱鲍迪苷E+III+IV”
**在Morita等,2011中,品种A、B、C和ST RebM峰标记为“莱鲍迪苷D+VIII”
***ND-未检测到(浓度低于检测极限)
表2概括了各种提取物和叶中的甜菊醇糖苷(%)的相对浓度。可以看到源自普通甜菊的提取物中,rebE、rebM、RebD、rebN和rebO的最高相对浓度分别为0.99%、1.36%、2.33%、1.55%和0.67%。同时,在源自本发明的甜菊栽培品种的提取物中,rebE、rebM、RebD、rebN和rebO的相对浓度可以分别高达18.21%、8.01%、23.99%、5.07%和6.13%。
表2
普通甜菊品种(Morita等,2011,Ohta等,2010)和本发明品种的叶和叶的未处理水
提物中的甜菊醇糖苷的浓度(%)
*在Morita等,2011中,品种A RebE峰标记为“III+莱鲍迪苷E”;品种B和ST RebE峰标记为“莱鲍迪苷E+III+IV”
**在Morita等,2011中,品种A、B、C和ST RebM峰标记为“莱鲍迪苷D+VIII”
***ND-未检测到(浓度低于检测极限)
实施例3
低热量橙汁饮料
将橙子浓缩物(35%)、柠檬酸(0.35%)、抗坏血酸(0.05%)、橙红色素(0.01%)、橙子风味剂(0.20%)、莱鲍迪苷A(0.003%)和不同甜菊醇糖苷组合物(0.03%)混合,并且完全溶解于水(高达100%)中并巴氏杀菌。将HSG-提取物和常规提取物用作甜菊醇糖苷组合物。HSG-提取物由甜菊醇糖苷814011、807086、817096的未处理水提物来代表,而普通提取物由甜菊醇糖苷805082、803066的未处理水提物来代表,上述水提物根据实施例1获得。
样品的感官评价概括于表3中。数据表明通过使用HSG提取物可以获得最佳结果。特别地,用HSG-提取物制备的饮料呈现出全面和完整的风味特征和口感。
表3
橙汁饮料样品的评价
相同方法可以用于从其他水果(如苹果、柠檬、杏、樱桃、菠萝、芒果等)制备果汁和果汁饮料。
实施例4
低热量碳酸饮料
制备了根据以下呈现的配方的碳酸饮料。
成分 | 含量,% |
蔗糖 | 5.5 |
可乐风味剂 | 0.340 |
正-磷酸 | 0.100 |
柠檬酸钠 | 0.310 |
苯甲酸钠 | 0.018 |
柠檬酸 | 0.018 |
甜菊醇糖苷组合物 | 0.053 |
碳酸水 | 至100 |
将HSG-提取物和常规提取物用作甜菊醇糖苷组合物。HSG-提取物由甜菊醇糖苷814011、807086、817096的未处理水提物来代表,而普通提取物由甜菊醇糖苷805082、803066的未处理水提物来代表,上述水提物根据实施例1获得。
由20名小组成员来评价感官性质。结果概括于表4中。
表4
低热量碳酸饮料样品的评价
以上结果表明使用HSG-提取物制备的饮料具有最佳的感官特征。
实施例5
低热量甜饼干
面粉(50.0%)、人造黄油(30.0%)、果糖(10.0%)、麦芽糖醇(8.0%)、全脂奶(1.0%)、盐(0.2%)、发酵粉(0.15%)、香草醛(0.1%)和不同甜菊醇糖苷组合物(0.03%)在面团混合机中充分捏合。将获得的面团模制并在烤箱中在200℃下烘焙15分钟。将HSG-提取物和常规提取物用作甜菊醇糖苷组合物。HSG-提取物由甜菊醇糖苷814011、807086、817096的未处理水提物来代表,而普通提取物由甜菊醇糖苷805082、803066的未处理水提物来代表,上述水提物根据实施例1获得。
通过20名小组成员来评价感官特性。在通过HSG-提取物制备的样品中获得了最佳结果。小组成员注意到用HSG-提取物制备的饼干中的全面且完整的风味特征和口感。
实施例6
酸奶
将不同甜菊醇糖苷组合物(0.03%)和蔗糖(4%)溶解于低脂奶中。将HSG-提取物和常规提取物用作甜菊醇糖苷组合物。HSG-提取物由甜菊醇糖苷814011、807086、817096的未处理水提物来代表,而普通提取物由甜菊醇糖苷805082、803066的未处理水提物来代表,上述水提物根据实施例1获得。在82℃下巴氏杀菌20分钟后,将奶冷却至37℃。加入起始培养物(3%)并将混合物在37℃下孵育6小时,然后在5℃下孵育12小时。
通过20名小组成员来评价感官特性。在通过HSG-提取物制备的样品中获得了最佳结果。小组成员注意到用HSG-提取物制备的样品中的全面且完整的风味特征和口感。
应当理解本文中所示的之前的描述和特定实施方案仅仅是本发明最佳方式及其原理的说明,并且本领域技术人员可以容易地进行改变和添加,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围,因此应当理解其只受所附权利要求的范围的限制。
Claims (6)
1.用于制备甜菊醇糖苷组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供甜菊叶,其中甜菊叶包含至少一种选自RebD、RebE、EebN和RebO的甜菊醇糖苷,其中RebD、RebE、RebN或RebO中的任一种或多种以等于或高于其普通相对浓度存在;
b)提供包含水的溶剂;
c)将甜菊叶与溶剂接触,以从叶提取甜菊醇糖苷;和
d)分离甜菊叶,获得包含至少一种选自RebD、RebE、RebN和RebO的甜菊醇糖苷的甜菊提取物溶液,其中RebD、RebE、RebN或RebO中的任一种或多种以等于或高于其普通相对浓度存在;
其中所述普通相对浓度对于RebD为2.4%,对于RebE为1.0%,对于RebN为1.6%且对于RebO为0.8%。
2.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括甜菊提取物溶液的纯化和干燥,以获得具有至少6.9%(wt/wt干基)总甜菊醇糖苷含量的甜菊提取物。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中甜菊叶获自选自下组的甜菊栽培品种:“807086”,其中所述“807086”栽培品种的活植物组织的代表性样品已经以CGMCC No.9702保藏;“814011”,其中所述“814011”栽培品种的活植物组织的代表性样品已经以CGMCC No.9701保藏;和“817096”,其中所述“817096”栽培品种的活植物组织的代表性样品已经以CGMCC No.9703保藏。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中甜菊叶获自使用选自下组的甜菊栽培品种产生的栽培品种:“807086”,其中所述“807086”栽培品种的活植物组织的代表性样品已经以CGMCC No.9702保藏;“814011”,其中所述“814011”栽培品种的活植物组织的代表性样品已经以CGMCCNo.9701保藏;和“817096”,其中所述“817096”栽培品种的活植物组织的代表性样品已经以CGMCC No.9703保藏。
5.通过权利要求1的方法制备的未处理的甜菊水提物,其中RebD、RebE、RebN或RebO中的任一种或多种以等于或高于其普通相对浓度存在。
6.包含权利要求5的甜菊提取物的食品、饮料或其他消费品。
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