CN107074852B - ROR-γ的二氢吡咯并吡啶抑制剂 - Google Patents
ROR-γ的二氢吡咯并吡啶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract
提供在治疗由RORγ介导的疾病和病症中有用的式(I)的新颖化合物、其药学上可接受的盐以及其药物组合物。还提供包含式(I)的新颖化合物的药物组合物,及其用于治疗一种或更多种炎症、代谢、自身免疫和其他疾病或病症的方法。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2014年10月14日提交的美国临时申请62/063912号和2014年11月3日提交的美国临时申请62/074406号的权益。前述申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及新颖的视黄酸受体相关孤儿受体γ(“RORγ”或“ROR-γ”)抑制剂、其制备方法、含有这些抑制剂的药物组合物,和其在治疗炎症、代谢、自身免疫和通过RORγ介导的其它疾病中的用途。
背景技术
视黄酸受体相关孤儿受体(ROR)为类固醇激素核受体超家族中的转录因子的子族(Jetten和Joo(2006)《高级发育生物学》(Adv.Dev.Biol.)2006,16,313-355)。ROR家族由ROR阿法(RORα)、ROR贝塔(RORβ)和ROR伽马(RORγ)组成,其各自由独立基因编码(在人类中:分别为RORA、RORB和RORC;在小鼠中:分别为rora、rorb和rorc)。ROR含有大部分核受体共用的四种主要域:N端域、由两个锌指基元组成的高度保守的DNA结合域(DBD)、铰链域和配体结合域(LBD)。每一ROR基因产生若干同功异型物,仅在其N端域中不同。RORγ具有两种同功异型物:RORγl和RORγ2(也称为RORγt)。RORγ是指RORγl和/或RORγt。RORγl在包括胸腺、肌肉、肾脏和肝脏的多种组织中表达,但RORγt仅在免疫系统的细胞中表达,在胸腺生成和若干次生淋巴组织的发育中具有重要作用,且为Thl7细胞分化的关键调节因子(Jetten,2009,《核受体信号转导》(Nucl.Recept.Signal.),7:e003,doi:10.1621/nrs.07003,电子版2009年4月3日)。
Thl7细胞为优先产生促炎性细胞因子IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-21和IL-22的T辅助细胞的亚群。Th17细胞和其效应分子,如IL-17、IL-21、IL-22、GM-CSF和CCL20与若干自身免疫和炎性疾病,如类风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑性狼疮症、多发性硬化症、牛皮癣、炎性肠病、过敏和哮喘的发病机理相关(Maddur等人,2012,《美国病理学杂志》(Am.J.Pathol.),181:8-18)。近来的发现支持IL17和Th17细胞在痤疮的发病机理中的作用(Thiboutot等人,2014,《研究性皮肤病学杂志》(J.Invest.Dermatol.),134(2):307-10,doi:10.1038/jid.2013.400;Agak等人,2014,《研究性皮肤病学杂志》,134(2):366-73,doi:10.1038/jid.2013.334,电子版2013年8月7日)。Th17细胞还为与子宫内膜异位(一种慢性炎性疾病)相关的炎症的强力诱导物(Hirata等人,2010,《内分泌学》(Endocrinol.),151:5468-5476;Hirata等人,2011,《生育与不孕》(Fertil Steril.),7月;96(1):113-7,doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.060,电子版2011年5月20日)。另外,Th17细胞在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)、胶原蛋白诱导性关节炎(CIA)和佐剂诱导性关节炎(AIA)的小鼠自身免疫模型中具有关键作用(Bedoya等人,2013,《临床与发育免疫学》(Clin.Dev.Immunol.),2013:986789,电子版2013年12月26日)。Th17细胞在炎性和自身免疫疾病过程期间经活化且招募其它炎性细胞类型,确切地说嗜中性白细胞以介导目标组织中的病理学(Miossec和Kolls,2012,《自然评论》(Nature Rev.),11:763-776;Korn等人,2009,《免疫学年鉴》(Annu.Rev.Immunol.),27:485-517)。异常Th17细胞功能已与多种自身免疫病,包括多发性硬化症和类风湿性关节炎有关。自身免疫病被认为起因于效应与调节T细胞之间的平衡的破坏(Solt等人,2012,《ACS化学生物学》(ACS Chem.Biol.),7:1515-1519,电子版2012年7月9日)。RORγt对Th17细胞分化的重要性和Th17细胞的致病作用通过RORγt缺陷性小鼠具有极少的Th17细胞且具有EAE的严重程度的减轻的事实被证明(Ivanov等人,2006,《细胞》(Cell),126:1121-1133)。
昼夜节律为通过内源性昼夜节律钟调节的行为和生理变化的日循环。多种研究已在核受体(包括RORγ)功能和表达、昼夜调节电路与各种生理过程的调节之间建立联系(Jetten(2009)同前)。
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症(OSAS)为通过T淋巴细胞调节的慢性炎性疾病。OSAS患者具有外周Th17细胞频率、IL-17和RORγt含量的显著增加(Ye等人,2012,《炎症介质》(Mediators Inflamm.),815308,doi:10.1155/2012/815308,电子版2012年12月31日)。
多种研究已提供ROR在癌症中的作用的证据。缺乏RORγ表达的小鼠展现频繁转移到肝脏和脾脏的胸腺淋巴瘤的高发生率。已显示在肿瘤微环境中Th17相关基因(包括RORγ)的高表达和Th17细胞的高含量与各种癌症,包括肺癌、胃癌、乳房癌和结肠癌的较差的预后相关(Tosolini等人,2011,《癌症研究》(Cancer Res.),71:1263-1271,doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2907,电子版2011年2月8日;Su等人,2014,《免疫学研究》(Immunol.Res.),58:118-124,doi:10.1007/s12026-013-8483-y,电子版2014年1月9日;Carmi等人,2011,《免疫学杂志》(J.Immunol.),186:3462-3471,doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1002901,电子版2011年2月7日;Chen等人,2013,《组织病理学》(Histopathology),63:225-233,doi:10.1111/his.12156,电子版2013年6月6日)。
也已鉴别RORγ在脂质/葡萄糖体内稳态中具有调节作用,且与代谢综合症、肥胖(Meissburger等人,2011,《欧洲分子生物学学会-分子医学(EMBOMol.Med.)》,3:637-651)、脂肪肝、胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病有关。
RORγ在发炎、代谢、昼夜效应、癌症和自身免疫疾病和病症的发病机理中的作用的另外的支持可见于以下参考文献中:Chang等人,2012,《实验药理学杂志》(J.Exp.Pharmacol.),4:141-148;Jetten等人,2013,《内分泌学前沿》(FrontiersEndocrinol.),4:1-8;Huh和Littman,2012,《欧洲免疫学杂志》(Eur.J.Immunol.),42:2232-2237;Martinez等人,2008,《纽约科学院年鉴》(Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.),1143:188-211;Pantelyushin等人,2012,《临床研究杂志》(J.Clin.Invest.),122:2252-2256;Jetten和Ueda,2002,《细胞死亡与分化》(Cell Death Differen.),9:1167-1171;Solt等人,2010,《血脂学当前观点》(Curr.Opin Lipidol.),21:204-211。
鉴于RORγ在疾病发病机理中所起的作用,RORγ活性和Th17细胞分化和活性,包括IL17产生的抑制将具有显著治疗效益。因此期望制备抑制RORγ活性且因此在治疗以下疾病中具有效用的化合物:发炎、自身免疫、代谢、昼夜效应、癌症和通过RORγ介导的其它疾病,如哮喘、异位性皮炎、痤疮、克罗恩氏病、局限性肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、休格连氏综合症、葡萄膜炎、白塞氏病、皮肌炎、多发性硬化症、强直性脊柱炎、全身性红斑性狼疮症、硬皮病、牛皮癣、类固醇耐受性哮喘和类风湿性关节炎。
发明内容
现已发现本文所述的化合物和其药学上可接受的组合物为RORγ的有效抑制剂(参见例如表2)。这种化合物包括式(I)的那些化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R2、R3、R4、Cy1和Cy2中的每一个为如本文所定义和描述的。
所提供的化合物和其药学上可接受的组合物为RORγ的反向激动剂或拮抗剂,并且用于治疗多种疾病、病症或病况。所述疾病、病症或病况包括本文所述的疾病、病症或病况。
所提供的化合物可单独使用(即作为单一疗法)或与一种或更多种对于治疗本文描述的适应症中的任一种有效的其它治疗剂组合使用。
本文所提供的化合物具有的技术优势为在无细胞竞争分析、基于细胞的转录分析、全血分析和hERG钾通道分析中具有治疗相关性,例如参见以下表2和表3。
附图说明
图1描述了(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6-((反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺甲磺酸盐的粉末X-射线衍射图。
具体实施方式
1.本发明化合物的一般性描述
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供了式(I)化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R2为(C1-C3)烷基、羟基(C1-C3)烷基、卤代(C1-C3)烷基、苄基、(C1-C3)烷氧基(C1-C3)烷基、四氢吡喃基、或–CH2-四氢吡喃基;
R3和R4各自独立地为氢或甲基;
Cy1为各自被(C1-C3)烷基磺酰基取代的苯基或吡啶基;和
Cy2为氢、卤代(C1-C3)烷基、环己基、或四氢吡喃基,其中环己基和四氢吡喃基各自任选地被选自卤代(C1-C3)烷基和C1-C3(烷氧基)中的一个或更多个基团取代。
2.化合物和定义
如本文所使用的,术语“卤代”和“卤素”指选自氟(氟代,-F)、氯(氯代,-Cl)、溴(溴代,-Br)和碘(碘代,-I)的原子。
术语“烷基”单独使用或作为较大部分例如“卤代烷基”的部分使用时,除非另外规定,指具有1-6个碳原子的饱和的一价直链或支化的烃基,并包括例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基等。“一价”指在一个位置上连接到分子的其余部分。
术语“卤代烷基”或“卤代环烷基”包括单卤代烷基基团、多卤代烷基基团和全卤代烷基基团,其中卤素独立地选自氟、氯、碘和溴。
如本文所使用的术语“对象”和“患者”可以互换使用,且意指需要治疗的哺乳动物,例如伴侣动物(例如狗、猫等)、农畜(例如母牛、猪、马、绵羊、山羊等)和实验动物(例如大鼠、小鼠、天竺鼠等)。通常,对象为需要治疗的人类。
某些公开的化合物可以各种立体异构形式存在。立体异构体是仅仅在空间排列方面不同的化合物。对映异构体为镜像不可重叠的立体异构体对,最常见的是因为其含有充当手性中心的不对称取代碳原子。“对映异构体”意指彼此互为镜像且不可重叠的分子对中的一个。非对映异构体为含有两个或更多个不对称取代碳原子的立体异构体。结构式中的符号“*”表示手性碳中心的存在。“R”和“S”表示围绕一个或更多个手性碳原子的取代基的构型。因此,“R*”和“S*”表示围绕一个或更多个手性碳原子的取代基的相对构型。
“外消旋体”或“外消旋混合物”意指等摩尔量的两种对映异构体的化合物,其中此类混合物不表现光学活性,即其不旋转偏振光的平面。
“几何异构体”意指在与碳-碳双键、环烷基环或桥连双环体系的关系中在取代基原子的定向中不同的异构体。碳-碳双键的每一侧上的原子(除了H)可以为E(取代基在碳碳双键的相反侧)或Z(取代基朝向相同侧)构型。“R”、“S”、“S*”、“R*”、“E”、“Z”、“顺”和“反”表明相对于核心分子的构型。当公开的化合物通过结构命名或描绘而不指明具体的几何异构体形式时,应理解命名或结构涵盖了不含其它几何异构体的一种几何异构体、几何异构体的混合物或所有几何异构体。
本发明化合物可以通过对映体特异性合成或从对映异构性富集混合物中拆分以作为单个对映体来制备。常规拆分技术包括使用光学活性酸形成对映异构体对的每一异构体的游离碱的盐(然后为分步结晶和游离碱再生)、使用光学活性胺形成对映异构体对的每一对映异构体的酸形式的盐(然后为分步结晶和游离酸再生)、使用光学纯酸、胺或醇形成对映异构体对的对映异构体中的每一种的酯或酰胺(然后为色谱分离和手性助剂的去除)或使用各种众所周知的色谱方法拆分起始物质或最终产物的对映体混合物。
当公开的化合物的立体化学通过结构命名或描绘时,所命名或描绘的立体异构体相对于所有其它立体异构体为至少60重量%、70重量%、80重量%、90重量%、99重量%或99.9重量%纯。相对于所有其它立体异构体的重量百分比纯为一种立体异构体的重量与其它立体异构体的重量之比。当单一对映体通过结构命名或描绘时,所描绘或命名的对映体为至少60重量%、70重量%、80重量%、90重量%、99重量%或99.9重量%光学纯。光学纯度的重量百分比为对映体重量与对映体重量加上其光学异构体重量之比。
当所公开化合物的立体化学通过结构命名或描绘时,所命名或描绘的结构涵盖多于一种立体异构体(例如成非对映体对),应理解为包括所涵盖的立体异构体之一或所涵盖的立体异构体的任意混合物。应进一步理解,所命名或描绘的立体异构体相对于所有其它立体异构体的立体异构纯度为至少60重量%、70重量%、80重量%、90重量%、99重量%或99.9重量%纯。在这种情况下,通过使涵盖了该命名或结构中的立体异构体的混合物的总重量除以所有立体异构体的混合物的总重量来确定立体异构纯度。
当所公开的化合物用未指明立体化学的结构命名或描绘、且该化合物具有一个手性中心时,应理解该命名或结构涵盖不含对应的光学异构体的化合物中的一种对映体、该化合物的外消旋混合物以及相对于其对应的光学异构体而富集了一种对映体的混合物。
当公开的化合物用未表明立体化学的结构命名或描绘、且其具有至少两个手性中心时,应理解该命名或结构涵盖不含其它非对映体的一种立体异构体、立体异构体的混合物、以及相对于其他非对映体在其中富集了一种或多种非对映体的立体异构体的混合物。
本发明的化合物可以以药学上可接受的盐的形式存在。对于医学用途,本发明化合物的盐指无毒性的“药学上可接受的盐”。药学上可接受的盐的形式包括药学上可接受的酸盐/阴离子盐或碱盐/阳离子盐。
药学上可接受的碱盐/阳离子盐包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、二乙醇胺盐、n-甲基-D-葡糖胺盐、L-赖氨酸盐、L-精氨酸盐、铵盐、乙醇胺盐、哌嗪盐和三乙醇胺盐。
药学上可接受的酸盐/阴离子盐包括例如乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、碳酸盐、柠檬酸盐、二盐酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、乙内酰胺苯胂酸盐、己基间苯二酚盐、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、苹果酸盐、顺丁烯二酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、硝酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、丁二酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐和甲苯磺酸盐。
3.示例性化合物的描述
在第一实施方式中,本发明提供式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中变量如上所述。
在第二实施方式中,式(I)的化合物是式(II):
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中结构式(II)中的变量为如式(I)所描述的。
在第三实施方式中,式(I)的化合物是式(III):
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中结构式(III)中的变量如式(I)所描述的。
在第四实施方式中,式(I)的化合物是式(IV):
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中结构式(IV)中的变量如式(I)所描述的。
在第五实施方式中,式(I)至式(IV)中的Cy2为环己基或四氢吡喃基,其各自任选地被选自卤代(C1-C3)烷基和C1-C3(烷氧基)的一个或更多个基团取代。
在第六实施方式中,式(I)的化合物是式(V):
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X为CH或N,Y1为O且Y2为CH2、Y1为CH2且Y2为O,或Y1和Y2各自为CH2;R9为卤代(C1-C3)烷基;R10为(C1-C3)烷基磺酰基,其中其余变量如式(I)或第五实施方式所描述的。
在第七实施方式中,式(I)的化合物是式(VI):
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中结构式(VI)中的变量如式(I)或第五实施方式或第六实施方式所描述的。
在第八实施方式中,式(I)的化合物是式(VII):
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中结构式(VII)中的变量如式(I)或第五实施方式或第六实施方式所描述的。
在第九实施方式中,式(I)至式(VII)中的R2为甲基、乙基、苄基或异丙基,其中其余变量如式(I)或第五实施方式或第六实施方式所描述的。任选地,式(I)至式(VII)中的R2为乙基或异丙基,其中其余变量如式(I)或第五实施方式或第六实施方式所描述的。
在第十实施方式中,式(V)和式(VII)中的R9为CF3,R10为SO2Et或SO2Me,其中其余变量如式(I)或第五实施方式、第六实施方式或第九实施方式所描述的。
在实施例章节中提供本发明化合物的具体实例。本发明包括这些化合物的药学上可接受的盐和中性形式。
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供前述实例中的任一种化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐。
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供治疗患有由RORγ介导的病症的患者(例如人类)的方法,其包括向患者施用有效量的具有任何本文所描述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其组合物的化合物的步骤。
4.用途、调配和投药
药学上可接受的组合物
根据另一实施方式,本发明提供一种使用包含本发明的化合物和药学上可接受的载体、佐剂或媒剂的组合物治疗患有通过RORγ介导的病症的对象(例如人类)的方法。在某些实施方式中,提供的组合物中本发明的化合物的量使其有效作为生物样品或对象中的RORγ的反向激动剂或拮抗剂。在某些实施方式中,提供的组合物经调配向需要该组合物的对象施用。在一些实施方式中,提供的组合物经调配用于向对象经口施用。
术语“药学上可接受的载体、佐剂或媒剂”是指不会破坏一起调配的化合物的药理学活性的无毒载体、佐剂或媒剂。在本公开的组合物中可以使用的药学上可接受的载体、佐剂或媒剂包括但不限于离子交换剂、氧化铝、硬脂酸铝、卵磷脂、血清蛋白例如人类血清白蛋白、缓冲物质例如磷酸盐、甘氨酸、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、饱和植物脂肪酸的偏甘油酯混合物、水、盐或电解质例如硫酸鱼精蛋白、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钾、氯化钠、锌盐、胶态二氧化硅、三硅酸镁、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、基于纤维素的物质、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸酯、蜡、聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物、聚乙二醇和羊毛脂。
本文所述的组合物可经口、非经肠、通过吸入气雾剂、局部、经直肠、经鼻、经颊、经阴道或经由植入式贮器施用。如本文所使用的,术语“非经肠”包括皮下、静脉内、肌肉内、关节内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内、肝内、病灶内和颅内注射或输注技术。
口服液体剂型包括但不限于药学上可接受的乳液、微乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂。除了活性化合物外,液体剂型可以含有所属领域中常用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苯甲酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、油类(尤其是棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和其混合物。除惰性稀释剂之外,经口组合物还可包括佐剂,如湿润剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂和芳香剂。
可以根据已知技术使用适合的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂配制可注射制剂,例如无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液。无菌可注射制剂也可以为无毒肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液、悬浮液或乳液,例如作为1,3-丁二醇中的溶液形式。可以采用的可接受媒剂和溶剂为水、林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution)、U.S.P.和等张氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌不挥发性油常规地用作溶剂或悬浮介质。出于此目的,可以采用任何温和的不挥发性油,包括合成单酸甘油酯或二酸甘油酯。此外,在可注射剂制备中使用脂肪酸,例如油酸。
可注射调配物可以例如通过经由细菌截留过滤器过滤或通过并入灭菌剂来灭菌,所述灭菌剂呈可以在使用前溶解或分散于无菌水或其它无菌可注射介质中的无菌固体组合物形式。
为了延长提供的化合物的作用,通常希望减慢从皮下或经肌肉内注射吸收化合物。这可以通过使用具有不良水溶性的结晶或非晶形物质的液体悬浮液来实现。化合物的吸收速率则取决于其溶解速率,溶解速率又可以取决于晶体尺寸及结晶形式。任选地,通过将化合物溶解或悬浮于油媒剂中来实现延迟非经肠施用的化合物形式的吸收。通过在生物可降解聚合物例如聚丙交酯-聚乙交酯中形成化合物的微胶囊基质来制造可注射积存形式。取决于化合物与聚合物的比率和所用具体聚合物的性质,可以控制化合物的释放速率。其它生物可降解聚合物的实例包括聚(原酸酯)和聚(酸酐)。还通过将化合物截留于与身体组织相容的脂质体或微乳液中来制备积存可注射调配物。
用于经口施药的固体剂型包括胶囊、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒。在该固体剂型中,活性化合物与以下各者混合:至少一种惰性药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙和/或a)填充剂或增量剂,如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇和硅酸;b)粘合剂,如羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;c)保湿剂,如甘油;d)崩解剂,如琼脂-琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠;e)溶液迟延剂,如石蜡;f)吸收促进剂,如季铵化合物;g)湿润剂,如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;h)吸收剂,如高岭土和膨润土;和i)润滑剂,如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠和其混合物。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,剂型还可以包含缓冲剂。
还可以使用类似类型的固体组合物作为使用如乳糖及高分子量聚乙二醇等的赋形剂的软和硬填充的明胶胶囊中的填充剂。片剂、糖衣药丸、胶囊、丸剂和颗粒剂的固体剂型可以用包衣和外壳(例如肠溶包衣和药物调配领域中熟知的其它包衣)来制备。其可任选地含有乳浊剂,并且还可以为使其任选地以延迟方式仅释放活性成分或优先在肠道的某一部分中释放的组合物。可以使用的包埋组合物的实例包括聚合物质和蜡。还可以使用相似类型的固体组合物作为使用如乳糖以及高分子量聚乙二醇等赋形剂的软和硬填充的明胶胶囊中的填充剂。
提供的化合物还可以呈与一种或更多种如上文所提及的赋形剂的微胶囊化形式。可以用包衣和外壳(如肠溶衣、释放控制包衣和药物调配领域中熟知的其它包衣)来制备片剂、糖衣药丸、胶囊、丸剂和颗粒剂的固体剂型。在该固体剂型中,活性化合物可与至少一种惰性稀释剂例如蔗糖、乳糖或淀粉混合。如在常规的实践中,所述剂型还可以包含除惰性稀释剂以外的额外物质,例如制锭润滑剂和其它制锭助剂,如硬脂酸镁和微晶纤维素。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,剂型还可以包含缓冲剂。其可以任选地含有乳浊剂,并且还可以为使其任选地以延迟方式仅释放活性成分或优先在肠道的某一部分中释放的组合物。可以使用的包埋组合物的实例包括聚合物质和蜡。
用于局部或透皮施用的本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏、糊剂、乳膏、洗剂、凝胶、散剂、溶液、喷雾剂、吸入剂或贴片。在无菌条件下,将活性组分与药学上可接受的载体和如可能需要的任何所需防腐剂或缓冲剂混合。眼用制剂、滴耳剂和滴眼剂也涵盖在本发明范围内。另外,本发明涵盖使用经皮贴片,其具有提供化合物向身体的控制递送的附加优点。这些剂型可以通过将化合物溶解或分配于适当介质中来制备。还可以使用吸收增强剂来增加化合物穿过皮肤的通量。可以通过提供速率控制膜或通过将化合物分散于聚合物基质或凝胶中来控制速率。
本文提供的药学上可接受的组合物可经配制用于经口施用。所述制剂可以在存在或不存在食品的情况下施用。在一些实施方式中,本公开的药学上可接受的组合物在不存在食品的情况下施用。在其它实施方式中,本发明的药学上可接受的组合物在存在食品的情况下施用。
可以与载体材料组合以产生单一剂型的组合物的提供的化合物的量将视待治疗的患者和特定施用模式而变化。
还应理解,任何特定患者的特定剂量和治疗方案将取决于多种因素,包括年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药时间、排泄率、药物组合、治疗医师的判断和治疗的特定疾病的严重程度。组合物中提供的化合物的量还将取决于组合物中的特定化合物。
化合物和药学上可接受的组合物的用途
本文所述的化合物和组合物一般可用于抑制RORγ。因此,在一些实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗通过RORγ介导的炎症、代谢和自身免疫疾病或病症的方法,其包含施用提供的化合物或组合物。更确切地说,本文所述的化合物和组合物充当RORγ的反向激动剂或拮抗剂。
如本文所使用的,术语“治疗”指反转、缓解、延迟如本文所述的疾病或病症或其一种或更多种症状的开始或抑制其进程。在一些实施方式中,可以在一种或更多种症状发展之后实施处理,即治疗处理。在其他实施方式中,治疗可以在无症状时实施。例如,治疗可以在症状开始之前施用于易感个体(例如,根据症状史和/或根据基因或其他易感因素),即预防性处理。在症状已缓解之后还可以继续治疗,例如预防或延迟其复发。
根据本发明的方法可治疗的疾病和病况包括但不限于由RORγ介导的炎症、代谢和自身免疫疾病或病症。这些疾病和病况包括但不限于,哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、支气管炎、过敏性鼻炎、异位性皮炎、接触性皮炎、痤疮、风团、荨麻疹、血管性水肿、囊肿性纤维化、同种异体移植物排斥、多发性硬化、巴洛同心(圆形)硬化症、巴洛病(Balo disease)、同心性轴周性白质脑炎、同心性轴周性脑炎、硬皮病、局限性硬皮病、CREST综合征、关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、幼年型类风湿性关节炎、反应性关节炎、莱特尔综合征(Reiter’ssyndrome)、骨关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、全身性红斑狼疮(SLE)、银屑病、斑块状银屑病、滴状银屑病、反向银屑病、脓疱性银屑病、红皮病型银屑病、银屑病上皮增生症、上皮增生症、桥本氏疾病(Hashimoto's disease)、胰腺炎、自身免疫性糖尿病、I型糖尿病、自身免疫性眼部疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病(Crohn's disease)、局限性肠炎、炎性肠病(IBD)、炎性肠道综合征(IBS)、肖格伦综合征(syndrome)、视神经炎、肥胖症、肝脂肪变性、脂肪组织相关炎症、胰岛素抵抗、II型糖尿病、视神经脊髓炎、重症肌无力、年龄相关性黄斑变性、干眼病、葡萄膜炎、格林-巴利综合征(Guillain-Barrésyndrome)、牛皮癣、牛皮癣性关节炎(PsA)、类固醇耐受性哮喘、格雷夫斯氏病(Graves'disease)、巩膜炎、子宫内膜异位症、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)、白塞氏病(disease)、皮肌炎、多肌炎、移植物抗宿主病、慢性移植物抗宿主病、急性移植物抗宿主病、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、肝纤维化、非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)、结节病、原发性硬化性胆管炎、自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、I型自身免疫性多内分泌腺综合征、II型自身免疫性多内分泌腺综合征、乳糜泻、口炎性腹泻、神经脊髓炎、幼年特发性关节炎、全身性硬化症、心肌梗塞、肺动脉高压、骨关节炎、皮肤利什曼病、鼻腔鼻窦息肉病、癌症包括但不限于肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌、血小板减少性紫癜、特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、软骨炎症、骨退化、血管炎、急性播散性脑脊髓炎(ADEM)、急性坏死性出血性白质脑炎、艾迪生病(Addison’sdisease)、无丙种球蛋白血症、斑秃、淀粉样变性、抗肾小球基膜型(GBM)肾炎、抗肾小管基底膜(TBM)肾炎、抗磷脂综合征(APS)、自身免疫性血管性水肿、自身免疫性再生障碍性贫血、自身免疫性自主神经障碍、自身免疫性肝炎、自身免疫性高脂血症、自身免疫性免疫缺陷、自身免疫性内耳疾病(AIED)、自身免疫性心肌炎、自身免疫性卵巢炎、自身免疫性胰腺炎、自身免疫性视网膜病、自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ATP)、自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、自身免疫性荨麻疹、轴突和神经元神经病、大疱性类天疱疮、心肌病、卡斯特曼病(Castleman disease)、查加斯病(Chagas disease)、慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(CIDP)、慢性复发性多病灶骨髓炎(CRMO)、变应性肉芽肿性综合征(Churg-Strauss syndrome)、瘢痕性类天疱疮、良性黏膜类天疱疮、科干综合征(Cogan’s syndrome)、冷凝集素病、先天性心脏传导阻滞、柯萨奇病毒性心肌炎、本质性混合冷球蛋白血症、脱髓鞘性神经病、疱疹样皮炎、德维克病(Devic’s disease)、视神经脊髓炎、盘状狼疮、德雷斯勒综合征(Dressler’s syndrome)、嗜酸性食管炎、嗜酸性筋膜炎、结节性红斑、实验性过敏性脑脊髓炎、埃文斯综合征(Evanssyndrome)、纤维性肺泡炎、巨细胞性动脉炎、颞动脉炎、巨细胞性心肌炎、肾小球性肾炎、古德帕斯彻氏综合征(Goodpasture’s syndrome)、肉芽肿性多血管炎(GPA)、韦氏肉芽肿病(Wegener’s granulomatosis)、桥本氏脑炎(Hashimoto’s encephalitis)、桥本氏甲状腺炎(Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)、溶血性贫血、亨-舍二氏紫癜(Henoch-Schonleinpurpura)、妊娠疱疹、低丙种球蛋白血症、IgA肾病、IgG4相关性硬化疾病、免疫调节性脂蛋白、包涵体肌炎、间质性膀胱炎、青少年肌炎、川崎综合征(Kawasaki syndrome)、兰伯特-伊顿综合征(Lambert-Eaton syndrome)、白细胞破碎性血管炎、扁平苔藓、硬化性苔藓、木样结膜炎、线性IgA疾病(LAD)、慢性莱姆疾病、梅尼埃疾病(Meniere’s disease)、显微镜下多血管炎、混合性结蒂组织病(MCTD)、蚕蚀性角膜溃疡(Mooren’s ulcer)、穆-哈氏病(Mucha-Habermann disease)、肌炎、发作性嗜睡病、视神经脊髓炎、德维克综合征(Devic’ssyndrome)、中性粒细胞减少、眼瘢痕性类天疱疮、视神经炎、复发性风湿病、与链球菌相关的儿科自身免疫性神经精神障碍(PANDAS)、副肿瘤性小脑变性、阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症(PNH)、帕瑞-罗姆伯格氏综合征(Parry-Romberg syndrome)、帕特氏综合征(Parsonnage-Turner syndrome)、扁平部睫状体炎、周边性葡萄膜炎、天疱疮、周围神经病变、静脉周脑脊髓炎、恶性贫血、POEMS综合征、结节性多动脉炎、I型自身免疫多腺体综合征、II型自身免疫多腺体综合征、III型自身免疫多腺体综合征、风湿性多肌痛症、心肌梗死后综合征、心包切开术后综合征、孕激素性皮炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎、特发性肺纤维化、坏疽性脓皮病、纯红细胞再生障碍、雷诺氏现象(Raynaud’sphenomenon)、反射性交感神经营养不良、复发性多软骨炎、多动腿综合征、腹膜后纤维化、风湿热、类风湿性关节炎、结节病、施密特综合征(Schmidt syndrome)、精子自身免疫、僵人综合征、亚急性细菌性心内膜炎(SBE)、苏萨克氏综合征(Susac’s syndrome)、交感性眼炎、多发性动脉炎(Takayasu’s arteritis)、颞动脉炎、巨细胞睾丸动脉炎自体免疫、托洛萨-亨特综合征(Tolosa-Hunt syndrome)、横贯性脊髓炎、未分化结缔组织疾病(UCTD)、囊疱性皮肤病和白癜风。
还包括的是与个体的昼夜节律调节相关的疾病和病症,包括例如重性抑郁症、季节性情绪失调、创伤后紧张症(PTSD)、躁郁病、孤独症、癫痫症、阿尔茨海默病和与改变的睡眠和/或昼夜节律相关的其他中枢神经系统(CNS)病症。
在一个实施方式中,用本发明化合物和药学上可接受的载体、佐剂或赋形剂来治疗人类患者,其中所述化合物以治疗或缓解一种或更多种上述疾病和病况的量而存在。在另一实施方式中,本发明化合物治疗或缓解的疾病和病况包括:即哮喘、COPD、支气管炎、过敏性鼻炎、异位性皮炎、接触性皮炎、痤疮、荨麻疹、囊肿性纤维化、同种异体移植物排斥、多发性硬化、硬皮病、关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、幼年型类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、SLE、银屑病、桥本氏病、胰腺炎、自身免疫性糖尿病、I型糖尿病、自身免疫性眼部疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病、局限性肠炎、IBD、IBS、肖格伦综合征、视神经炎、肥胖症、肝脂肪变性、脂肪组织相关炎症、胰岛素抵抗、II型糖尿病、视神经脊髓炎、重症肌无力、年龄相关性黄斑变性、干眼症、葡萄膜炎、格林-巴利综合征、牛皮癣、PsA、类固醇抵抗性哮喘、格雷夫斯氏病、巩膜炎、重性抑郁症、季节性情绪失调、PTSD、躁郁症、孤独症、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、与改变的睡眠和/或生理节律相关的CNS障碍、子宫内膜异位症、OSAS、白塞氏病、皮肌炎、多发性肌炎、移植物抗宿主病、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、肝纤维化、NAFLD、类肉状瘤病、原发性硬化性胆管炎、自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、I型自身免疫性多内分泌腺综合征、II型自身免疫性多内分泌腺综合征、乳糜泻、神经脊髓炎、青少年特发性关节炎、全身性硬化症、心肌梗塞、肺动脉高血压、骨关节炎、皮肤利什曼病、鼻腔鼻窦息肉病和癌症。在供选择的实施方式中,本发明化合物治疗或缓解的疾病或病况包括例如患者的哮喘、异位性皮炎、痤疮、克罗恩氏病、局限性肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、肖格伦综合征、葡萄膜炎、白塞氏病、皮肌炎、多发性硬化、强直性脊柱炎、SLE、硬皮病、银屑病、PsA、类固醇耐受性哮喘和类风湿性关节炎。
本发明还涉及用于治疗或缓解本文描述的疾病或病症的组合疗法。在一些实施方式中,组合疗法包括将至少一种本发明的组合物与一种或更多种用于治疗或缓解通过RORγ介导的炎症、代谢和自身免疫疾病或病症的试剂相结合来施用。在一些实施方式中,组合疗法包括将至少一种本发明的组合物与一种或更多种用于治疗或缓解本文描述的疾病或病症的试剂相结合来施用。在一些实施方式中,组合疗法包括将至少一种本发明的组合物与一种或更多种用于治疗下述疾病的试剂相结合来施用,所述疾病包括哮喘、异位性皮炎、痤疮、克罗恩氏病、局限性肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、肖格伦综合征、葡萄膜炎、白塞氏病、皮肌炎、多发性硬化、强直性脊柱炎、SLE、硬皮病、银屑病、PsA、类固醇耐受性哮喘和类风湿性关节炎。
根据本发明的化合物也可以与免疫疗法组合使用以治疗本文所公开的疾病或病症。
组合疗法包括例如共同施用本发明的化合物和一种或更多种其它试剂、连续施用本发明的化合物和一种或更多种其它试剂、施用含有本发明的化合物和一种或更多种其它试剂的组合物、或同时施用含有本发明的化合物和一种或更多种其它试剂的各自组合物。
本发明还提供了一种治疗罹患上述病症或疾病中的一种的对象如人类的方法。
本发明还涉及提供的化合物用于生产用于治疗和/或预防和/或改善本文中提及的疾病和病症的药物组合物的用途。
本文所述的化合物或组合物可使用有效治疗或减轻本文所述的疾病和病况中的一种或更多种的严重程度的任何量和任何给药途径来施用。所需的精确量将在对象之间变化,取决于对象的物种、年龄以及整体状况、感染的严重程度、特定药剂、其给药模式等。提供的化合物优选地以单位剂型配制以易于施用且剂量均一。如本文所使用的,表述“单位剂型”是指适于待治疗的患者的药剂的物理离散单位。然而,应理解本公开的化合物和组合物的每日总用量将由主治医师在合理医学判断范围内决定。针对任何特定患者或有机体的特定有效剂量水平将取决于多种因素,包括所治疗的病症和病症的严重程度;所用特定化合物的活性;所用特定组合物;患者的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别和饮食;所用特定化合物的给药时间、给药途径和排泄率;治疗持续时间;与所用特定化合物组合或同时使用的药物;以及医学领域中熟知的类似因素。
本公开的药学上可接受的组合物可以经口、经直肠、非经肠、脑池内、阴道内、腹膜内、局部地(如通过散剂、软膏或滴剂)、经颊、作为经口或经鼻喷雾等向人类和其它动物施用,取决于所治疗感染的严重程度。在某些实施方式中,提供的化合物可以每天每千克对象体重约0.01mg到约50mg且优选地约1mg到约25mg的剂量水平,每天一次或多次地经口或非经肠施用以获得期望的治疗效果。
如本文所使用的,术语“生物样品”包括但不限于细胞培养物或其提取物、由哺乳动物获得的活组织检查物质或其提取物,和血液、唾液、尿液、粪便、精液、泪液或其它体液或其提取物。
可与载体物质组合产生单一剂型的提供的化合物和其它治疗剂两者的量(在包含如上所述的其它治疗剂的那些组合物中)将取决于所治疗的宿主和特定给药模式而变化。
在包含其它治疗剂的那些组合物中,所述其它治疗剂和提供的化合物可以协同地起作用。因此,这些组合物中其它治疗剂的量将低于仅使用那种治疗剂的单一疗法中所需的量。
存在于本公开的组合物中的其它治疗剂的量将不大于通常将以包含那种治疗剂作为唯一活性剂的组合物形式施用的量。
实施例
如以下实例中所描述的,在某些示例性实施方式中,根据以下一般程序制备化合物。应领会,虽然一般方法描述了本发明的某些化合物的合成,但以下一般方法和所属领域的普通技术人员已知的其它方法可以适用于如本文中所述的所有化合物和这些化合物中的每一种的子类和种类。
合成的一般描述
本发明的化合物可以根据以下反应方案和实例或其修正,使用容易获得的原料、试剂和常规合成程序容易地制备。许多反应也可以在微波(MW)条件下或使用常规加热或利用其它技术,如固相试剂/清除剂或流动化学系统进行。在这些反应中,还可能利用本身为所属领域的普通技术人员已知但并未更详细地提及的变型。此外,根据以下反应方案和实例,制备本发明的化合物的其它方法对所属领域的普通技术人员将显而易见。在合成中间体和最终产物含有可能干扰期望反应的潜在反应性官能团,例如氨基、羟基、硫醇基和羧酸基的情况下,可能有利的是采用中间体的经保护形式。保护基的选择、引入和后续去除方法为所属领域的技术人员众所周知。在下文论述中,除非另外指明,否则变量具有上文指示的含义。用于这些实验细节中的缩写列于下文且其它缩写应为合成领域的技术人员已知的。另外,关于适合的合成方法,可参考以下参考文献,如March,《Advanced OrganicChemistry》,第3版,John Wiley&Sons,1985,Greene和Wuts,《Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis》,第2版,John Wiley&Sons,,1991以及Richard Larock,《Comprehensive Organic Transformations》,第4版,VCH publishers Inc.,1989中所述。
一般来说,反应方案中的试剂以等摩尔量使用;然而,在某些情况下,可能期望使用过量的一种试剂以驱动反应完成。当过量试剂可易于通过蒸发或萃取去除时,情况尤其如此。用于中和反应混合物中的HCl的碱一般以略微到大量过量(1.05至5当量)使用。
当呈现NMR数据时,光谱在Varian 400(400MHz)或300(300MHz)上获得且报道为来自四甲基硅烷的ppm低磁场,其中质子数、多重度和偶合常数连同附带说明的氘化溶剂的参考。
本发明通过以下实例说明,其中可以采用以下缩写。
根据反应方案1,根据式(I)的化合物可以通过使式(500)的中间体化合物与烷基卤化物或苄基卤化物反应制备,反应方案1为在如乙腈的极性非质子溶剂中,在如N,N-二异丙基乙胺或碳酸钾的适合的碱的存在下进行的反应。任选地,根据反应方案1,根据式(I)的最终化合物可以通过使式(500)的中间体化合物与醛遵循所属领域已知的还原胺化程序,在如二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷或甲醇的典型溶剂中;在如氰基硼氢化钠或三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠的适合的还原试剂存在下反应而制备。在反应方案1中,所有变量如式(I)中所定义且G1为离去基团,如溴化物、氯化物、甲基磺酸盐(甲磺酸盐)、甲苯磺酸盐(对甲苯磺酸盐)、三氟甲基磺酸盐(三氟甲磺酸盐)或碘化物。
方案1.
式(500)的中间体化合物可以通过对式(501)的中间体化合物去保护来制备,其中Pg为适合的氮保护基(Greene和Wuts,《有机合成中的保护基》(Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis),第2版,John Wiley&Sons,1991),例如Pg=叔丁基氨基甲酸酯,根据方案2用三氟乙酸去除。在反应方案2中,所有变量如式(I)中所定义的。
方案2.
根据方案3,式(501)的中间体化合物可以由羧酸(502)和胺(503)制备。在活化试剂例如N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N’-乙基碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)或O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸盐(HATU)的存在下,在有机溶剂例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二氯甲烷中,任选地在例如N,N-二异丙基乙胺或三乙胺的碱存在下,在例如0℃至60℃的温度下,该反应便利地进行。
方案3.
中间体的制备
制备A1:(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-羧酸叔丁基酯
步骤1:(S)-4-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-5-甲基-3-氧代己酸乙酯
在室温下向Boc-Val-OH(3.11g,14.3毫摩尔)在THF(40mL)中的搅拌溶液添加1,1’-羰基二咪唑(3.48g,21.5毫摩尔)。在室温下搅拌混合物1h,然后相继添加氯化镁(1.36g,14.3毫摩尔)和丙二酸乙酯钾盐(2.44g,14.3毫摩尔)。然后将混合物加热到50℃并搅拌15h。混合物冷却到室温且用1N的HCl(100mL)淬灭。含水相用EtOAc(3×100mL)萃取,然后将合并的有机层用盐水(50mL)洗涤。有机层经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶层析纯化(用含5%EtOAc的己烷洗脱),获得为黄色油状物的(S)-4-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-5-甲基-3-氧代己酸乙酯(3.53g,86%产率)。LC-MS在1分钟的色谱分析中,tR=0.91分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 288.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ5.08(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.33(dd,J=4.4Hz,8.8Hz,1H),4.20(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.54(s,2H),2.27-2.17(m,1H),1.44(s,9H),1.27(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。
步骤2:(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯代烟酸乙酯
在0℃下向来自上文的(S)-4-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-5-甲基-3-氧代己酸乙酯(9.68g,33.7毫摩尔)在THF(100mL)中的混合物添加叔丁醇钾(3.78g,35.4毫摩尔)。使混合物升温到室温并搅拌45分钟,此时相继添加1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(3.78g,33.7毫摩尔)和2-氯-1,3-双(二甲基氨基)三次甲基六氟磷酸盐(15.5g,50.5毫摩尔)。将混合物加热到45℃并搅拌3h,此时添加乙酸铵(5.19g,67.4毫摩尔)。然后将混合物加热至回流并搅拌15h。然后将其冷却到室温并在减压下浓缩。将残余物干式负载到硅胶柱上并纯化(用含5%EtOAc的己烷洗脱,梯度到15%),以获得6.09g(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯代烟酸乙酯(51%)。LC-MS在1分钟的色谱分析中,tR=1.14分钟,MS(ESI)m/z357.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.61(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.62(dd,J=5.2Hz,9.6Hz,1H),4.42(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.08-2.00(m,1H),1.42(s,9H),1.42(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
步骤3:(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-甲基丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃下向(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯代烟酸乙酯(6.09g,17.1毫摩尔)在EtOH(70mL)中的搅拌溶液添加硼氢化钠(1.30g,34.1毫摩尔)。分批添加氯化钙(1.89g,17.1毫摩尔),同时将温度维持在0℃至5℃。所得混合物在0℃下搅拌90分钟,然后在0℃下用氯化铵饱和水溶液(100mL)缓慢淬灭。含水相用EtOAc(3×100mL)萃取,然后将合并的有机层用盐水(50mL)洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。粗(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-甲基丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯不经任何纯化而进行后续步骤。LC-MS在1分钟的色谱分析中,tR=0.94分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 315.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.46(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),5.34(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.99(dd,J=2.0Hz,8.4Hz,1H),4.54(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.41(dd,J=10.0Hz,12.4Hz,1H),4.33(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),2.18-2.12(m,1H),1.36(s,9H),1.10(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.69(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。
步骤4:(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲磺酸甲
酯
在0℃下向(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-甲基丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(5.33g,16.9毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(70mL)中的溶液添加三乙胺(3.54mL,25.4毫摩尔)和甲磺酰氯(1.44mL,18.6毫摩尔)。使混合物升温到室温并搅拌3h,此时用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(100mL)将其淬灭。将水相用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(50mL)洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。粗残余物((S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲磺酸甲酯和(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-甲基丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯的3:1混合物)不经任何纯化而进行后续步骤。LC-MS在1分钟色谱分析中,tR=1.01分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 393.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.53(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),5.44(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.37(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),5.31(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.59(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),3.13(s,3H),2.13-2.04(m,1H),1.36(s,9H),1.03(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.77(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。表征数据来自(S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲磺酸甲酯的纯化样品。
步骤5:(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃下向(S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲磺酸甲酯和(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-甲基丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3:1混合物,6.39g,16.9毫摩尔)在THF(75mL)中的溶液添加氢化钠(矿物油中60%的分散液,811mg,20.3毫摩尔)。使混合物升温到室温并搅拌15h,此时用饱和氯化铵水溶液(100mL)将其淬灭。水相用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水(50mL)洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶层析纯化(用含5%EtOAc的己烷洗脱,梯度至10%),获得为黄色油状物的(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁基酯(4.31g,经3个步骤的产率为85%)。LC-MS在1分钟色谱分析中,tR=1.12分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 297.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,旋光异构体的混合物):δ8.43(s,1H),7.56(s,0.6H),7.50(s,0.4H),4.96(s,0.4H),4.87(s,0.6H),4.86(d,J=16.0Hz,0.6H),4.74(d,J=15.6Hz,0.4H),4.52(d,J=12.0Hz,0.4H),4.49(d,J=15.2Hz,0.6H),2.60-2.51(m,0.4H),2.40-2.36(m,0.6H),1.49(s,9H),1.08(d,J=7.2Hz,1.2H),0.99(d,J=7.2Hz,1.8H),0.78(d,J=6.8Hz,1.8H),0.72(d,J=6.8Hz,1.2H)。
步骤6:(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁基酯
碳酸钾(758mg,5.49毫摩尔)和分子筛(250mg)置于50mL圆底烧瓶中,然后将其经火焰干燥。乙酸钯(II)(32.8mg,146微摩尔)和1,3-双(二环己基膦)丙烷双(四氟硼酸盐)(179mg,292微摩尔)添加到烧瓶中,然后将其用隔膜密封。(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁酯(1.09g,3.66毫摩尔)溶解于DMF(12mL)中并添加到烧瓶中,然后添加1-丁醇(3.34mL,36.6毫摩尔)。然后将烧瓶排空并用CO回填三次,最后一次在1atm的CO气球下。将烧瓶加热到100℃并搅拌6h。然后将混合物冷却到室温并用1NNaOH(25mL)淬灭。搅拌混合物30分钟,此时添加乙酸异丙酯(50mL)。分离各相,然后将有机相用1N NaOH(2×50mL)萃取,然后将合并的含水层用浓HCl酸化到pH=2。然后将含水层用EtOAc(3×25mL)萃取,然后将合并的有机层经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。粗残余物(S)-6-(叔丁氧基羰基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸不经任何纯化而进行后续步骤。
制备A2:(S)-6-(叔丁氧基羰基)-7-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲
酸
步骤1:(S)-4-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-3-氧代己酸甲酯
在室温下向(S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)丁酸(200g,0.985摩尔)在THF中的混合物(1L)添加1,1’-羰基二咪唑(176g,1.084摩尔)。在室温下搅拌混合物1h,然后添加氯化镁(101g,1.084摩尔)和3-甲氧基-3-氧代丙酸钾(169g,1.084摩尔)。添加之后,将混合物在50℃下搅拌3h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示原料被消耗。将混合物冷却并过滤;用THF(300mL)洗涤滤饼并过滤。将合并的滤液在减压下浓缩,残余物用EtOAc(1L)稀释,用水(800mL)、盐水(800mL)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,在减压下过滤并浓缩,以获得为黄色油状物的(S)-4-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-3-氧代己酸甲酯(117g,45%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。
步骤2:(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)丙基)-5-氯代烟酸甲酯
在0℃下,向(S)-4-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-3-氧代己酸甲酯(117g,0.452摩尔)在无水THF中的溶液(1.0L)分批添加叔丁醇钾(51.3g,0.474摩尔)。在0℃下搅拌1h之后,在0℃下向混合物中分批加入1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(53.1g,0.474摩尔)和2-氯-1,3-双(二甲基氨基)三次甲六氟磷酸盐(145g,0.474摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌3小时,溶液变为红色。向溶液中添加乙酸铵(104g,1.355摩尔),将获得的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示无原料残留。将混合物冷却并过滤;在减压下浓缩滤液,将残余物用EtOAc(1.5L)稀释,并用水(1L)、盐水(1L)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,在减压下过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶层析纯化,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=25:1至17:1洗脱,以获得为黄色油状物的(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)丙基)-5-氯代烟酸甲酯(53g,36%)。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=0.961分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 272.9[M-55]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.61(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.71-5.54(m,1H),3.94(s,3H),1.86-1.83(m,1H),1.60-1.58(m,1H),1.26(s,9H),0.95(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤3:(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃下,向(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)丙基)-5-氯代烟酸甲酯(60g,0.183摩尔)在无水乙醇中的溶液(800mL)缓慢地分批添加硼氢化钠(14.0g,0.366摩尔)并搅拌约20分钟。在0℃下向获得的混合物分四批缓慢地添加氯化钙(20.1g,0.183摩尔)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌1.5h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示无原料残留。在0℃下,将混合物用饱和NH4Cl(50mL)水溶液缓慢淬灭,然后搅拌30分钟。将混合物浓缩以去除部分乙醇,然后用乙酸乙酯(3×1.0L)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(2×1.0L)和饱和NaHCO3水溶液(500mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩,以获得为黄色油状物的(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(50g,91%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5min色谱分析(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=0.703分钟,MS(ESI)m/z244.9[M-55]+。
步骤4:(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯和4-甲基
苯磺酸(S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲酯
在0℃下,向(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(50g,0.167摩尔)在CH2Cl2中的溶液(500mL)添加三乙胺(50.5g,0.499摩尔)和对甲苯磺酰氯(63g,0.333摩尔)。在室温下搅拌混合物1.5h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示无原料残留。将混合物用CH2Cl2(500mL)稀释,用水(2×1.0L)和盐水(1L)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶层析纯化(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=0至10:1洗脱),获得为红色固体的(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(11g,21%)和为黄色固体的4-甲基苯磺酸(S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲酯(23g,30%)。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=0.840分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 262.9[M-55]+。
步骤5:(S)-3-氯-7-乙基-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与对于(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁基酯,用(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(11g,34.6毫摩尔)和4-甲基苯磺酸(S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲酯作为原料的步骤相同。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.45(s,1H),7.56(s,0.6H),7.50(s,0.4H),5.30(s,0.4H),4.94(s,0.6H),4.77(d,J=15.6Hz,0.6H),4.70(d,J=15.6Hz,0.4H),4.55(s,0.6H),4.51(s,0.4H),2.26-2.14(m,1H),2.04-1.96(m,1H),1.51(s,9H),0.67(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。
步骤6:(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
碳酸钾(33.8g,24.5毫摩尔)和分子筛(11.30g)置于50mL圆底烧瓶中,然后将其经火焰干燥。将乙酸钯(II)(757mg,3.26毫摩尔)和1,3-双(二环己基磷)丙烷双(四氟硼酸盐)(3.98g,6.52毫摩尔)添加到烧瓶中,其然后用隔膜密封。将(S)3-氯-7-乙基-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁酯(23g,81.5毫摩尔)溶解于DMF(250mL)中并添加到烧瓶中,然后添加1-丁醇(60.4g,815毫摩尔)。然后将烧瓶排空并用CO回填四次。然后将CO气体(来自气体袋,30L体积)充入烧瓶,加热至100℃过夜。LCMS显示无原料残留。然后将反应冷却至室温,并加入含6g NaOH的100mL水中。搅拌1h之后,LCMS显示100%转化为酸产物。将混合物用1N HCl溶液酸化至pH=3至4,并用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×1L)。将合并的有机层用水(2×1L)和盐水(1L)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1至1:1洗脱),获得期望产物(20g,84%,ee=28.24%),然后将其用SFC分离纯化,获得为黄色固体的(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸(9g,ee=95.49%)。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.813分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 292.9[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ9.23(s,1H),7.28(s,0.6H),8.23(s,0.4H),5.21(s,0.4H),5.11(s,0.6H),4.89(d,J=16.0Hz,0.6H),4.80(d,J=15.6Hz,0.4H),4.65(s,0.6H),4.61(s,0.4H),2.25-2.14(m,1H),2.08-2.04(m,1H),1.53(s,9H),0.68(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。异构体SFC在15分钟色谱分析中,1215-186-P1A_1tR=6.71,(柱:AD-H,方法名称:5-40_2.5ml.met,ee=95.49%)。
制备A3:(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,
4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤1:(R,E)-2-甲基-N-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)亚甲基)丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
步骤与(R,E)-N-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺与四氢-2H-吡喃-4-醛以及(R)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=1.072分钟,MS(ESI)m/z217.9[M+H]+。
步骤2:2,5-二溴-3-(溴甲基)吡啶
将在CCl4(300mL)中的2,5-二溴-3-甲基吡啶(20.0g,80.0毫摩尔)、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(12.8g,72毫摩尔)和过氧化苯甲酰(1.03g,4毫摩尔)的混合物加热至回流3h。将混合物冷却至室温,用水(2×100mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。将残余物用制备型HPLC(HCl)纯化,获得为白色固体的2,5-二溴-3-(溴甲基)吡啶(11.0g,42%)。1H NMR:(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.38-8.39(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.91-7.92(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.51(s,2H)。
步骤3:2,5-二溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶
将2,5-二溴-3-(溴甲基)吡啶(11.0g,33.3毫摩尔)和甲醇钠(5.4g,100毫摩尔)在甲醇(150mL)中的混合物在室温下搅拌18h。将混合物过滤并将滤液在真空下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱),获得为液体的2,5-二溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶(8.7g,93%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.35(s,1H),7.93(s,1H),4.45(s,2H),3.53(s,3H)。
步骤4:(R)-N-((S)-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲
基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺和(R)-N-((R)-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-
吡喃-4-基)甲基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
步骤与(R)-N-((R)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺和2,5-二溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶以及(R)-叔丁基磺酰胺作为原料时的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.824分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 420.9[M+1]+。异构体SFC在25分钟色谱分析中(柱:AS-RH_10-80_B_08ML_25MIN),tR=11.19和11.71,ee=97.16%。
步骤5:(S)-(2-(氨基(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-5-溴吡啶-3-基)甲醇
在-30℃下,向(R)-N-((S)-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(1.5g,3.6毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(30mL)中的溶液添加三溴化硼(4.5g,18.0毫摩尔)。将混合物在-30℃下搅拌2h。然后在-30℃下将MeOH(5mL)小心地添加至混合物中并使反应升温至室温。达到室温后,将混合物在减压下浓缩以提供为油状物的粗产物(S)-(2-(氨基(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-5-溴吡啶-3-基)甲醇(1.0g,粗产物),其不经进一步纯化用于下一步。LC-MS在0-30 CD_POS.M(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=0.176分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 303.0[M+1]+。
步骤6:(S)-((5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)氨基甲酸
叔丁基酯
将(S)-(2-(氨基(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-5-溴吡啶-3-基)甲醇(1.0g,3.3毫摩尔)、二叔丁基碳酸氢钠(1.1g,5.0毫摩尔)和三乙胺(1.0g,10毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(10mL)中的混合物在室温下搅拌16h。将混合物用水(10mL)淬灭并用CH2Cl2(3×10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(2×10mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1至3:1洗脱),以提供为油状物的(S)-((5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(500mg,38%)。LC-MS在0-30CD_POS.M色谱分析(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=2.870分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 401.1[M+1]+。
步骤7:(S)-((5-溴-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)氨基甲酸
叔丁基酯
步骤与用(S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲磺酸甲酯与(S)-((5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析(MerckRP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=0.943分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 365.0[M+1]+。
步骤8:(S)-3-溴-7-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸
叔丁基酯
步骤与用(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁基酯和(S)-((5-溴-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(350mg,0.83毫摩尔)为原料时的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=1.723分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 385.1[M+1]+。异构体SFC在12分钟色谱(柱:AD-RH_10-80_B_08ML_25分钟)中,tR=2.930分钟和4.433分钟,ee=97.80%。
步骤9:(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,
4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤与用(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸和(S)-3-溴-7-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯作为原料时的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm)中,tR=0.685分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 349.1[M+1]+。异构体SFC在15分钟色谱分析(柱:AD-H_5_5_40_2,35ML)中,tR=5.146分钟和5.602分钟,ee=95.89%.
制备A4:(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯
并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤1:2-(二氢-2H-吡喃-4(3H)-亚基)乙酸乙酯
在0℃下,向乙腈(500mL)中的二氢-2H-吡喃-4(3H)-酮(22.5g,225毫摩尔)混合物添加(乙氧羰基亚甲基)三苯基膦(86.1g,247毫摩尔)。将混合物在85℃至90℃下(油浴)搅拌48h。LCMS显示强产物峰,多数的(乙氧羰基亚甲基)三苯基膦被消耗。将混合物冷却至室温、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱),获得为黄色固体的2-(二氢-2H-吡喃-4(3H)-亚基)乙酸乙酯(38g,99%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ5.66(s,1H),4.09-4.14(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.71-3.77(m,4H),2.98-3.01(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),2.30-2.32(t,J=4.8Hz,2H),1.24-1.28(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤2:2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙酸乙酯
在H2(30psi)下,在16℃至19℃下搅拌2-(二氢-2H-吡喃-4(3H)-亚基)乙酸乙酯(21g,123毫摩尔)和干燥的Pd/C(2.5g)在甲醇(300mL)中的混合物18h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1)显示无原料残留。将混合物过滤并将滤液在减压下浓缩以获得为油状物的粗2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙酸乙酯(20g,94%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ4.11-4.15(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.93-3.95(d,J=10.8Hz,2H),3.37-3.43(t,J=11.6Hz,2H),2.23-2.25(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.99-2.03(m,1H),1.62-1.65(m,2H),1.32-1.36(m,2H),1.24-1.27(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤3:2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙醇
在0℃下,向2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙酸乙酯(20g,116毫摩尔)在无水THF(300mL)中的混合物分批添加氢化铝锂(8.8g,232毫摩尔)。将混合物在11℃至13℃下搅拌18h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1)显示无原料残留。在0℃下,将混合物相继用水(9mL),10%NaOH水溶液(9mL)和水(18mL)淬灭,过滤并在减压下浓缩以获得为油状物的粗2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙醇(11.7g,77%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ3.86-3.90(m,2H),3.58-3.61(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.32-3.35(t,J=11.6Hz,2H),2.69-2.70(m,1H),1.61-1.63(m,3H),1.54-1.60(m,2H),1.43-1.45(m,2H)。
步骤4:2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙醛
在16℃至19℃下,将2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙醇(11.70g,89.9毫摩尔)和氯铬酸吡啶(38.8g,179.8毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(200mL)中的混合物搅拌17h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1)显示反应完成。将混合物用硅藻土过滤,滤液(150mL)不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。
步骤5:(R,E)-2-甲基-N-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)亚乙基)丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
该步骤与用(R,E)-N-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺与2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙醛以及(R)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(21.8g,179.8毫摩尔)作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱(Xtimate 3um,C18,2.1*30mm)中,tR=1.082分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 232.0[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.06-8.09(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.38-3.44(m,4H),2.47-2.50(m,2H),2.29-2.31(m,1H),1.62-1.68(m,4H)。
步骤6:(R)-N-((S)-1-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-
基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺和(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)-
2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
步骤与用(R)-N-((R)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺与2,5-二溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶和(R,E)-2-甲基-N-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)亚乙基)丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.849分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 433.0[M+H]+。异构体SFC在25分钟色谱分析中(柱:AD-RH_10-80_B_08ML_25分钟),tR=12.39,ee=97.16%。其它异构体:LC-MS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.081分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 433.0[M+H]+。异构体SFC在25分钟色谱分析中(柱:AD-RH_10-80_B_08ML_25分钟),tR=13.04分钟和15.09分钟,ee=96.46%。
步骤7:(S)-(2-(1-氨基-2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-5-溴吡啶-3-yl)甲醇
步骤与(S)-(2-(氨基(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-5-溴吡啶-3-基)甲醇和(R)-N-((S)-1-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在0-30AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=0.307分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 315.0[M+H]+。
步骤8:(S)-1-(5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基氨基
甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与(S)-((5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯并且(S)-(2-(1-氨基-2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-5-溴吡啶-3-基)甲基作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MKRP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.716分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 414.9[M+H]+。
步骤9:(S)-1-(5-溴-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基氨基
甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与(S)-甲磺酸(2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲酯以及(S)-1-(5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(Merck RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.962分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 434.9[M+1]+。
步骤10:(S)-3-溴-7-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6
(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与用(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁基酯以及(S)-1-(5-溴-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.792分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 396.9[M+H]+。
步骤11:(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯
并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤与用(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸和(S)-3-溴-7-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate 3um,C18,2.1*30mm),tR=0.990分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 363.1[M+1]+。
制备A5:(S)-7-苄基-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤1:(S)-4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-3-氧代-5-苯基戊酸甲酯
步骤与用(S)-4-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-5-甲基-3-氧代己酸乙酯和(S)-2-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-3-苯基丙酸作为原料的步骤相同。
步骤2:(S)-2-(1-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-2-苯乙基)-5-氯代烟酸甲酯
步骤与用(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯代烟酸酯和(S)-4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-3-氧代-5-苯基戊酸甲酯作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析(MK RP18e 25-2mm)中,tR=1.007分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 335.1[M-55]+。
步骤3:(S)-1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-苯基乙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与用(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-甲基丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯以及(S)-2-(1-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-2-苯基乙基)-5-氯代烟酸甲酯作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP18e 25-2mm),tR=0.812分钟,MS(ESI)m/z362.9,306.8[M+H]+,[M-55]+。
步骤4:4-甲基苯磺酸(S)-(2-(1-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-2-苯基乙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-
基)甲酯
步骤与用4-甲基苯磺酸(S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲酯以及(S)-1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-苯基乙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP18e25-2mm),tR=1.069分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 539.1[M+23]+。
步骤5:(S)-7-苄基-3-氯-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁基酯以及4-甲基苯磺酸(S)-(2-(1-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-2-苯基乙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲酯为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP18e25-2mm),tR=0.995分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 345.1[M+H]+。
步骤6:(S)-7-苄基-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤与用(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸和(S)-7-苄基-3-氯-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP18e 25-2mm),tR=0.869分钟,MS(ESI)m/z355.2[M+H]+。
制备A6:6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤1:4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-3-氧代戊酸甲酯
步骤与用(S)-4-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-5-甲基-3-氧代己酸乙酯以及2-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)丙酸作为原料的步骤相同。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ5.05-5.26(m,1H),4.28-4.39(m,1H),3.72(s,3H),3.50-3.62(m,2H),1.42(s,9H),1.30-1.35(d,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤2:2-(1-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)乙基)-5-氯代烟酸甲酯
步骤与用(S)-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基丙基)-5-氯代烟酸酯以及4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-3-氧代戊酸甲酯作为原料的步骤相同。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.57-8.68(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.14-8.24(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.55-5.91(m,2H),3.95(s,3H),1.34-1.47(m,12H)。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xbridge Shield RP182.1*50mm),tR=1.063分钟,MS(ESI)m/z315.1[M+H]+。
步骤3:1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)乙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与用(S)-(1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2-甲基丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯以及2-(1-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)乙基)-5-氯代烟酸甲酯作为原料的步骤相同。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xbridge Shield RP182.1*50mm),tR=0.887分钟,MS(ESI)m/z287.1[M+H]+。
步骤4:1-(5-氯-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)乙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与用4-甲苯磺酸(S)-(2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)丙基)-5-氯吡啶-3-基)甲酯以及1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)乙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯为原料的步骤相同。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xbridge Shield RP182.1*50mm),tR=1.086分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 305.1[M+H]+。
步骤5:3-氯-7-甲基-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
步骤与用(S)-3-氯-7-异丙基-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6-甲酸叔丁基酯以及1-(5-氯-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)乙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯为原料的步骤相同。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xbridge Shield RP18 2.1*50mm),tR=1.047分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 269.1[M+H]+。
步骤6:6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤与用(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸以及3-氯-7-甲基-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯作为原料的步骤相同。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xbridge Shield RP18 2.1*50mm),tR=0.882分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 279.1[M+H]+。
制备A7:(R)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)甲基)-6,7-二
氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤1:(S)-2-(叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-3-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)丙酸
在0℃下,向(S)-2-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-3-羟基丙酸(30g,0.146摩尔)在无水DMF(300mL)中的溶液添加叔丁基氯二甲基甲硅烷(21.90g,0.146摩尔)和咪唑(19.80g,0.292摩尔),然后将混合物在室温下搅拌18h。将混合物用乙酸乙酯(300mL)和水(300mL)稀释,用乙酸乙酯(3×300mL)萃取,用水(2×1000mL)和盐水(2×1000mL)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,以获得为黄色油状物的(S)-2-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-3-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)丙酸(34g,72%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ5.20-5.30(m,1H),4.25-4.35(m,1H),4.01-4.15(m,1H),3.75-3.85(m,1H),1.40(s,9H),0.82(s,9H),0.01(s,6H)。
步骤2:(S)-4-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-5-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-3-氧代戊
酸甲酯
将(S)-2-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-3-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)丙酸(24.0g,75.2毫摩尔),1,1’-羰基二咪唑(14.6g,90.2毫摩尔)在THF(250mL)中的混合物在室温下搅拌1h。然后添加3-甲氧基-3-氧代丙酸钾(11.70g,75.2毫摩尔)和氯化镁(7.14g,75.2毫摩尔)。添加之后,将混合物在50℃下搅拌16h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示原料被消耗。将混合物用水(200mL)猝灭和用乙酸乙酯(3×150mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(500mL)和盐水(500mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩,以获得作为黄色油状物的(S)-4-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-5-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-3-氧代戊酸甲酯(28g,100%粗产物),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.282分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 276.1[M-100]+。
步骤3:(R)-5-氯-2-(2,2,3,3,10,10-六甲基-8-氧代-4,9-二氧杂-7-氮杂-3-硅
杂十一烷-6-基)烟酸甲酯
在0℃下,向(S)-4-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-5-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-3-氧代戊酸甲酯(32g,85.3毫摩尔)在THF(320mL)中的溶液添加叔丁醇钾(10.50g,93.8毫摩尔)。搅拌45分钟之后,在0℃下向混合物添加DABCO(10.5g,93.8毫摩尔)和2-氯-1,3-双(二甲基氨基)三次甲基六氟磷酸酯(27g,89.5毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌3h。将乙酸铵(7.20g,93.8毫摩尔)添加到上述溶液中,并将获得的溶液在室温下搅拌18h。TLC显示(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示原料被消耗。将混合物过滤并将滤液在减压下浓缩。将残余物用乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀释,用水(3×100mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,梯度至8:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为白色固体的(R)-5-氯-2-(2,2,3,3,10,10-六甲基-8-氧代-4,9-二氧杂-7-氮杂-3-硅杂十一烷-6-基)烟酸甲酯(11g,29%)。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=0.990分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 445.0[M+H]+。
步骤4:(R)-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)
乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃下,向(R)-5-氯-2-(2,2,3,3,10,10-六甲基-8-氧代-4,9-二氧杂-7-氮杂-3-硅杂十一烷-6-基)烟酸甲酯(4.0g,9.0毫摩尔)在乙醇(40mL)中的溶液添加硼氢化钠(0.66g,18.0毫摩尔)和氯化钙(1.0g,9.0毫摩尔)。在0℃下将混合物搅拌2h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1)显示原料被消耗。将混合物用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(20mL)淬灭并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩,以获得为无色油状物的(R)-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(3.45g,92%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。
步骤5:(R)-4-甲基苯磺酸(5-氯-2-(2,2,3,3,10,10-六甲基-8-氧代-4,9-二氧
杂-7-氮杂-3-硅杂十一烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)甲酯
在0℃下,向(R)-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(3.45g,8.20毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(40mL)中的溶液缓慢添加对甲苯磺酰氯(3.15g,16.40毫摩尔)和三乙胺(2.48g,24.60毫摩尔)。在0℃下搅拌混合物1h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示原料被消耗。将混合物用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(20mL)淬灭,用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取并用盐水(20mL)洗涤。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,梯度至5:1洗脱)纯化,以获得无色油状物的(R)-4-甲基苯磺酸(5-氯-2-(2,2,3,3,10,10-六甲基-8-氧代-4,9-二氧杂-7-氮杂-3-硅杂十一烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)甲酯(3.15g,66%)。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.497分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 571.0[M+H]+。
步骤6:(R)-7-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)甲基)-3-氯-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡
啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃下,向(R)-4-甲基苯磺酸(5-氯-2-(2,2,3,3,10,10-六甲基-8-氧代-4,9-二氧杂-7-氮杂-3-硅杂十一烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)甲酯(3.15g,5.5毫摩尔)在DMF(30mL)中的溶液添加氯化钠(0.66g,16.5毫摩尔,60%分散于矿物油中)。在0℃下将混合物搅拌1h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示原料被消耗。将混合物用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(30mL)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,梯度至5:1洗脱),以获得为无色油状物的(R)-7-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)甲基)-3-氯-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(1.20g,54%)。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(XtimateODS 2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.323分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 343.1[M-55]+。
步骤7:(R)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)甲基)-6,7-二氢-
5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸
步骤与用(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸和(R)-7-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)甲基)-3-氯-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯作为原料的步骤相同。LCMS在10-80AB_7.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS 2.1*30mm,3um),tR=3.835分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 353.1[M-55]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ9.20(s,1H),8.18(d,J=22.4Hz,1H),4.99(s,1H),4.76(s,1H),4.63-4.64(m,1H),4.42-4.63(m,1H),4.07-4.12(m,1H),1.53(s,9H),0.65(s,9H),0.07(s,3H),0.18(s,3H)。基本制备型HPLC方法.流动相A:含有0.05%NH3H2O的水。流动相B:CH3CN。流速:80毫升/分钟。检测:UV220nm/254nm。柱:Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*50mm*5um。柱温:30℃。以分钟计的时间,%A,%B;0.00,55,35;30.00,40,60;30.20,0,100;35.00,0,100。
制备A8:(R)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(甲氧基甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡
啶-3-甲酸
步骤1:(R)-3-氯-7-(羟甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
向(R)-7-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)甲基)-3-氯-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(1.0g,2.5毫摩尔)在THF(10mL)中的溶液滴加四丁基氟化铵(5mL,在THF中的1.0M)。将混合物在室温下搅拌4h。LCMS显示原料被消耗。将混合物在减压下浓缩。将残余物用乙酸乙酯(3×10mL)萃取,然后将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,梯度至1:1),以获得为白色固体的(R)-3-氯-7-(羟甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(0.55g,77%)。LCMS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(RP-18e,25-2mm),tR=0.712分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 229[M-55]+。
步骤2:(R)-3-氯-7-(甲氧基甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
向(R)-3-氯-7-(羟甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(0.55g,1.93毫摩尔)在CH3CN(10mL)中的溶液滴加银(I)的氧化物(2.24g,9.68毫摩尔)和碘甲烷(0.60mL,9.68毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌18h。LCMS显示原料被消耗。将混合物过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,梯度至1:1),以获得为黄色固体的(R)-3-氯-7-(甲氧基甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(0.40g,69%)。LCMS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(RP-18e,25-2mm),tR=0.725分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 298.9[M+H]+。
步骤3:(R)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(甲氧基甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡
啶-3-甲酸
步骤与用(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸和(R)-3-氯-7-(甲氧基甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(400mg,1.34毫摩尔)作为原料的步骤相同。LCMS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=0.937分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 309.2[M+H]+。HCl制备型HPLC方法.流动相A:含有0.05%HCl的水。流动相B:CH3CN.流速:30毫升/分钟。检测:UV 220nm/254nm。柱:Synergi Max-RP 150*30mm*4u.柱温:30℃。以分钟计的时间,%A,%B;0.00,70,30;11.00,5,95;11.20,0,100;13.00,0,100。
制备A9:(R)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(三氟甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-
3-甲酸
步骤1:(R,E)-2-甲基-N-(2,2,2-三氟亚乙基)丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
向2,2,2-三氟乙醛(30.0g,0.25摩尔)在CH2Cl2(300mL)中的溶液添加(R)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(31.20g,0.25摩尔)和MgSO4(30g),然后将混合物在40℃下搅拌4h。将混合物过滤,然后向滤液中添加的MS(120g)。将混合物在40℃下搅拌18h。将混合物过滤,并将滤液浓缩以获得为白色固体的(R,E)-2-甲基-N-(2,2,2-三氟亚乙基)丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(40g,76%粗产物)。LC-MS在10-80AB_7.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS 2.1*30mm,3um),tR=0.851分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 202.0[M+H]+。
步骤2:(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2-
甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
在-70℃,向30mL甲苯添加n-BuLi(6.0mL,1.50毫摩尔),然后添加2,5-二溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶(2.80g,1.0毫摩尔)在甲苯(10mL)中的溶液。搅拌30分钟之后,向混合物中添加(R,E)-2-甲基-N-(2,2,2-三氟亚乙基)丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(3.35g,1.0毫摩尔,60%纯度)在甲苯(10mL)中的溶液。将获得的混合物在-70℃下搅拌2h。向混合物添加饱和NH4Cl水溶液(20mL),然后用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1,梯度至3:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为油状物的(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(1.60g,39%)。LC-MS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.105分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 402.9[M+H]+。
步骤3:(R)-(2-(1-氨基-2,2,2-三氟乙基)-5-溴吡啶-3-基)甲醇
在-78℃下,向(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-溴-3-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(0.75g,1.86毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(10mL)中的溶液添加三溴化硼(2.33g,9.32毫摩尔)。在室温下将混合物搅拌18h。将甲醇(10mL)缓慢添加至混合物中。将混合物在减压下浓缩,以获得为黄色油状物的(R)-(2-(1-氨基-2,2,2-三氟乙基)-5-溴吡啶-3-基)甲醇(0.529g,100%粗),其直接用于下一步。LC-MS在10-80 CD_POS分析中(Xtimate ODS 2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.306分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 284.9[M+H]+。
步骤4:(R)-(1-(5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基
酯
将(R)-(2-(1-氨基-2,2,2-三氟乙基)-5-溴吡啶-3-基)甲醇(529mg,1.86毫摩尔),二叔丁基碳酸氢钠(0.814g,3.73毫摩尔)和三乙胺(0.939g,9.30毫摩尔)在MeOH(10mL)中的混合物在室温下搅拌18h。将混合物在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,梯度至5:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为白色固体的(R)-(1-(5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(510mg,71%)。LC-MS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.036分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 385.0[M+H]+。
步骤5:(R)-(5-溴-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)吡啶-3-基)甲磺
酸甲酯和(R)-(1-(5-溴-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃下,向(R)-(1-(5-溴-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(510mg,1.32毫摩尔)和三乙胺(0.91mL,6.60毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(10mL)中的溶液添加甲磺酰氯(302mg,2.64毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌18h。LCMS显示原料被消耗。将反应混合物用H2O(10mL)淬灭,然后用CH2Cl2(3×10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤、经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,梯度至5:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为白色固体的(R)-(5-溴-2-(1-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)吡啶-3-基)甲磺酸甲酯(150mg,25%)和为白色固体的(R)-(1-(5-溴-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(350mg,66%)。LC-MS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.265分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 347.0[M+H]+。
步骤6:(R)-3-溴-7-(三氟甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃下,向(R)-(1-(5-溴-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(350mg,0.87毫摩尔)在DMF(10mL)中的溶液添加氢化钠(104mg,2.61毫摩尔,60%分散在矿物油中)。在0℃下将混合物搅拌1h。将混合物用水(10mL)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(3×10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤、经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,梯度至8:1洗脱),以获得为白色固体的(R)-3-溴-7-(三氟甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(170mg,53%)。LC-MS在10-80AB_2.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.097分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 367.0[M+H]+。SFC tR=1.491分钟(主要),在12.0分钟色谱分析中(柱:AD-3_B3_5_40_25ML)tR=1.778分钟,ee=67.2%。
步骤7:(R)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-(三氟甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-
3-甲酸
步骤与用(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸和(R)-3-溴-7-(三氟甲基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯作为原料的步骤相同。LC-MS在10-80AB_7.0分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=2.466分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 333.1[M+H]+。HCl制备型HPLC方法.流动相A:含有0.05%HCl的水。流动相B:CH3CN。流速:30毫升/分钟。检测:UV 220nm/254nm。柱:Synergi Max-RP 150*30mm*4um。柱温:30℃。以分钟计的时间,%A,%B;0.00,60,40;8.00,30,70;8.20,0,100;10.00,0,100。
制备B1:(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙醇
步骤1:(4-溴苯基)(乙基)硫烷
将4-溴苯硫酚(50g,0.26摩尔)、溴乙烷(58g,0.53摩尔)和三乙胺(78g,0.78摩尔)在乙腈(1L)中的混合物在回流下搅拌17h。将混合物冷却至室温并过滤。在真空下浓缩滤液。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(用石油醚洗脱)以获得如油状物的(4-溴苯基)(乙基)硫烷(55g,96%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.40-7.42(dd,J=6.4,2.0Hz,2H),7.18-7.20(dd,J=6.4,2.0Hz,2H),2.91-2.96(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.30-1.33(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤2:2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)乙醇
在室温下,向乙烷-1,2-二醇(110g,1.77摩尔)在无水CH2Cl2(1.1L)中的溶液添加三乙胺(215.2g,296mL,2.13摩尔)。将混合物冷却至0℃,然后用1h滴加溶解于CH2Cl2(300mL)中的叔丁基氯二甲基硅烷(267.1g,1.77摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(400mL)淬灭并分离。水相用MTBE(2×400mL)萃取。合并的有机层在真空下浓缩并将残余物再溶解于MTBE(400mL)中。将MTBE层用水(2×500mL)和盐水(500mL)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩,以获得为微油状物的2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)乙醇(280g,90%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ3.64-3.66(m,2H),3.57-3.60(m,2H),0.85(s,9H),0.02(s,6H)。
步骤3:2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)乙醛
向冷却至-30℃的CH2Cl2(1.8L)溶液滴加乙二酰氯(79.2g,52.8mL,624毫摩尔)。将混合物冷却至-78℃,然后滴加DMSO(62.5g,88.5mL,1.25毫摩尔)。添加之后,将混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟,在-78℃下缓慢添加溶解于CH2Cl2(200mL)中的2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)乙醇(100g,567毫摩尔)溶液。将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌1h。在-78℃下滴加三乙胺(287g,395mL,2.84毫摩尔)。在-78℃下将混合物搅拌30分钟然后在室温下过夜。将反应混合物用水(1L)、1N HCl(2×1L)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(1L)和盐水(1L)洗涤。将有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩,以获得为棕色油状物的2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)乙醛(98.5g,99.8%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ9.70(s,1H),4.22(s,2H),0.93(s,9H),0.11(s,6H)。
步骤4:(R,E)-N-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺
酰胺
在室温下,将2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)乙醛(93.5g,0.54摩尔)、(R)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(78.8g,0.65摩尔)和硫酸铜(II)(215g,1.35摩尔)在无水CH2Cl2(1.5L)中的混合物搅拌16h。将混合物用H2O(800mL)淬灭并分离。水相用CH2Cl2(2×1L)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(1L)和盐水(1L)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=8:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为黄色油状物的(R,E)-N-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(38.5g,26%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.96-7.97(t,J=3.2Hz,1H),4.44-4.45(d,J=2.8Hz,2H),1.11(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。
步骤5:(R)-N-((R)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙
基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
在-78℃下,向(4-溴苯基)(乙基)硫烷(28.9g,133.1毫摩尔)在无水THF(500mL)中的溶液滴加正丁基锂(73mL,181.5毫摩尔,己烷中的2.5M)。将混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。在-78℃下向混合物添加(R,E)-N-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(33.5g,121毫摩尔)在无水THF(100mL)中的溶液。将混合物在-78℃下搅拌2h,然后使其升温至室温并搅拌2h。将混合物用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(200mL)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(3×300mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(200mL)和盐水(200mL)洗涤、经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=15:1洗脱)纯化三次,以获得为黄色油状物的(R)-N-((R)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(22g,44%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.21-7.24(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.18-7.21(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.42-4.45(dd,J=8.8,2.4Hz,1H),4.21(brs,1H),3.69-3.73(dd,J=10.4,4.4Hz,1H),3.51-3.56(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.87-2.92(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.25-1.29(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.18(s,9H),0.88(s,9H),0.02(s,6H)。LCMS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP18e 25-2mm),tR=1.010,MS(ESI)m/z 437.9[M+Na]+。异构体SFC在12分钟色谱分析中(AD-H_5_5_40_2.35ML),tR=3.607分钟和4.014分钟,ee=90.85%。
步骤6:(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙醇
在0℃下,向(R)-N-((R)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(22g,52.9毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(250mL)中的溶液添加HCl(26.5mL,二氧六环中的4N)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2h。LCMS显示无原料残留。将混合物在减压下浓缩,以获得为棕色固体的粗(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙醇的HCl盐(12.3g,100%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。LCMS在0-30AB_2分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate 3um,C18,2.1*30mm),tR=1.226分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 180.9[M-OH]+。
步骤7:(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙醇
在0℃下,向(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙醇(15.2g,65.0毫摩尔)在甲醇(200mL)中的混合物滴加过硫酸氢钾试剂(80.0g,130.0毫摩尔)在水(200mL)中的溶液。将混合物在室温下搅拌1.5h;LCMS显示无原料残留。将混合物过滤并在减压下去除甲醇。水相用EtOAc(2×80mL)萃取,然后在0℃下分批用固体碳酸钠将水层碱化至pH=8至9,然后将该溶液冻干(含有Na2CO3)。将固体溶解于CH2Cl2:MeOH(3:1,600mL)中并搅拌30分钟,过滤,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(用CH2Cl2:MeOH=1:0至4:1洗脱),以获得为白色固体的(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙醇(11.5g,77%)。LC-MS在0-30CD_POS色谱分析(Xtimate ODS 2.1*30mm,3um)中,tR=0.738分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 230.1[M+H]+。异构体SFC在30分钟色谱分析中(CD-PH_10-80_B_08ML),tR=6.99分钟,ee=97.42%。1H NMR(D2O,400MHz):δ7.82-7.84(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.54-7.56(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.33-4.35(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),3.72-3.78(m,2H),3.19-3.25(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.03-1.07(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。
可供选择的B1制备:
步骤1:4-(乙基磺酰基)苯甲醛
向4-氟苯甲醛(24.6g,198毫摩尔)在二甲基亚砜(60mL)中的溶液添加乙烷亚磺酸钠(46g,396毫摩尔)。将获得的混合物在125℃下搅拌20h。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物与350mL的H2O一起研磨。将产物过滤,用两批10mL的EtOH洗涤并在真空下干燥,以获得为浅黄色固体的4-(乙基磺酰基)苯甲醛(31.2g,80%收率)。LC-MS,tR=1.19分钟,在2分钟色谱中,MS(ESI)m/z 199.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ10.14(s,1H),8.09(s,4H),3.16(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.30(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤2:2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)环氧乙烷
在室温下,向4-(乙基磺酰基)苯甲醛(10g,50.5毫摩尔)在DMF(85mL)中的溶液添加三甲基碘化硫(11.9g,58.1毫摩尔),然后添加氢氧化钾粉末(5.66g,101毫摩尔)。在用H2O(50mL)淬灭前将反应混合物在室温下搅拌20分钟。将混合物用1N HCl溶液(55mL)小心中和并用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取。将合并的有机相用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并经过硅胶垫(用乙酸乙酯洗脱)。在减压下将其浓缩,以获得为黄色油状物的粗2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)环氧乙烷,其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。LC-MS在2分钟色谱分析中,tR=1.13分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 213.2[M+H]+。
步骤3:2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙-1-醇
在0℃下,向粗2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)环氧乙烷(50.5毫摩尔)在CH3CN(200mL)中的溶液缓慢加入浓硫酸(5.4mL,101毫摩尔)。使混合物在室温下搅拌1.5h。LCMS显示原料被消耗。向反应混合物添加H2O(15mL)。在室温下继续搅拌8h,然后在45℃下搅拌10h。冷却至室温后,通过添加1NNaOH溶液(90mL)将反应混合物的pH调整到3至4。将混合物用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取。然后用H2O(2×30mL)萃取有机相。然后将合并的含水层用1N NaOH溶液(110mL)碱化至pH=9,并用1-丁醇(5×60mL)萃取。将合并的有机层(由1-丁醇萃取物组成)经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将其在高真空下干燥,以获得为灰白色固体的粗2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙-1-醇。4g,经过3步的收率为35%。中间体4-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-甲基-4,5-二氢恶唑:LC-MS在2分钟色谱分析中,tR=0.77分钟、0.81分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 254.26[M+H]+。2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙-1-醇:LC-MS在2分钟色谱分析中,tR=0.61分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 230.21[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.88(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.64(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.16-4.12(m,1H),3.76-3.72(m,1H),3.66-3.61(m,1H),3.17(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.19(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤4:2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙-1-醇单扁桃酸盐
在50℃下,向2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙-1-醇(238mg,1.0毫摩尔)在MeOH(3mL)中的溶液添加(R)-扁桃酸(76mg,0.5毫摩尔)在MeOH(1mL)中的溶液。使所得溶液缓慢冷却至环境温度。搅拌1天之后,通过真空过滤收集所得晶体并在高真空下干燥,获得如白色晶体的单扁桃酸盐,107mg(28%收率),92.5%ee。1H NMR(CD3OD):δ7.97(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.71(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.31-7.27(m,2H),7.25-7.22(m,1H),4.42-4.42(m,1H),3.92-3.89(m,1H),3.81-3.77(m,1H),3.21(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.21(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
制备B2:(1R,2R)-1-氨基-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇和(1S,2S)-1-氨基-
1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇
步骤1:1-溴-4-(乙基磺酰基)苯
向(4-溴苯基)(乙基)硫烷(5g,23.15毫摩尔)在乙腈(50mL)中的溶液添加水(50mL)和过硫酸氢钾(28.94g,46.30毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌1h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)显示原料被完全消耗。将反应混合物用饱和硫酸钠水溶液(150mL)淬灭并用EtOAc(3×50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(100mL)洗涤、经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1至2:1洗脱,以获得为白色固体的1-溴-4-(乙基磺酰基)苯(5.2g,90%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.73(dd,J=8.4,18.0Hz,4H),3.10(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.26(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤2:(E)-1-(乙基磺酰基)-4-(丙-1-烯-1-基)苯
向1-溴-4-(乙基磺酰基)苯(572mg,2.3毫摩尔)在二氧六环(20mL)中的溶液添加(E)-丙烯基-1-三氟硼酸钾(375mg,2.53毫摩尔)、碳酸铯(1.5g,4.6毫摩尔)、水(4mL)和乙酸钯(II)(57mg,0.25毫摩尔)。将混合物在100℃下搅拌16h。将混合物过滤,然后将滤液在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1至5:1洗脱,以获得为白色固体的(E)-1-(乙基磺酰基)-4-(丙-1-烯-1-基)苯(410mg,85%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.80(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.50-6.35(m,2H),3.10(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.93(d,J=4.8Hz,3H),1.26(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。
步骤3:((1R,2R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯和
((1S,2S)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
向氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(708mg,6.05毫摩尔)在1-丙醇(15mL)中的溶液添加NaOH水溶液(14mL,0.38M)。将混合物在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后添加1,3-二氯-5,5-二甲基咪唑啉-2,4-二酮(797mg,2.93毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟。在0℃下,向混合物相继添加(DHQ)2-PHAL(92mg,0.12毫摩尔)在1-丙醇(1mL)中的溶液,(E)-1-(乙基磺酰基)-4-(丙-1-烯-1-基)苯(410mg,1.95毫摩尔)在1-丙醇(2mL)中的溶液,和K2OsO4·H2O(29mg,0.08毫摩尔)的NaOH水溶液(0.2mL,0.38M)。将混合物在室温下搅拌16h。将混合物用水(100mL)稀释并用EtOAc(3×50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过用石油醚:乙酸乙酯为10:1至1:1洗脱的硅胶柱层析和制备型TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1)纯化,以获得白色固体的((1R,2R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯和((1S,2S)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯的混合物(175mg,26%)。LCMS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(Welch MK RP-18e,25-2mm),tR=0.774分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 366.1[M+Na]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.86(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.50(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.60-5.50(m,1H),4.75-4.60(m,1H),4.13-4.02(m,1H),3.10(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.43(s,9H),1.35-1.25(m,6H)。
步骤4:(1R,2R)-1-氨基-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇和(1S,2S)-1-氨基-1-
(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇
步骤与用(S)-N-((S)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基-2-羟乙基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺和((1R,2R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯以及((1S,2S)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯的混合物作为原料的步骤相同。
制备B3:(1R,2S)-1-氨基-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇和(1S,2R)-1-氨基-
1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇
步骤1:(2S,3S)-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-3-甲基环氧乙烷和(2R,3R)-2-(4-(乙
基磺酰基)苯基)-3-甲基环氧乙烷
向(E)-1-(乙基磺酰基)-4-(丙-1-烯-1-基)苯(200mg,0.95毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(10mL)中的溶液添加间氯过氧苯甲酸(500mg,2.86毫摩尔)。将混合物在18℃下搅拌20h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1)显示原料被完全消耗。将反应溶液用饱和硫酸钠水溶液(40mL)淬灭并用CH2Cl2(3×15mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶层析纯化,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯为15:1至3:1洗脱,以获得如无色油状物的(2S,3S)-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-3-甲基环氧乙烷和(2R,3R)-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-3-甲基环氧乙烷混合物(180mg,80%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.85(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.64(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),3.09(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.00(dd,J=2.0,5.2Hz,1H),1.47(d,J=5.2Hz,3H),1.25(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。
步骤2:(1R,2S)-1-氨基-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇和(1S,2R)-1-氨基-1-
(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇
向(2S,3S)-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-3-甲基环氧乙烷和(2R,3R)-2-(4-乙基磺酰基)苯基)-3-甲基环氧乙烷(120mg,0.53毫摩尔)在i-PrOH(4mL)中的混合物添加氢氧化铵(4mL)。在110℃下,在密封管中将混合物搅拌17h。LCMS显示反应完成。将混合物在减压下浓缩,然后冻干以去除过量的氢氧化铵,以获得如黄色油状物的粗(1R,2S)-1-氨基-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇和(1S,2R)-1-氨基-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)丙-2-醇的混合物(120mg,100%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。
LCMS在0-30AB_2分钟色谱分析(Welch Xtimate 3um,C18,2.1*30mm)中,tR=0.338分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 243.9[M+H]+。
制备B4:2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)丙-1-醇
步骤1:2-(4-(乙基硫基)苯基)-2-氧代乙酸乙酯
在0℃下,向氯化铝(47.6g,357毫摩尔)在二氯甲烷(200mL)中的混合物缓慢添加2-氯-2-氧代乙酸乙酯(31.9mL,286毫摩尔)。搅拌20分钟之后,在0℃下滴加苯乙硫醚(32.80g,238毫摩尔)在二氯甲烷(200mL)中的溶液。添加之后,在升温至室温前将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,并搅拌2.5小时。LCMS显示反应完成。将反应混合物用冰淬灭、用乙酸乙酯(800mL)稀释,然后相继用水(250mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤。将其经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并通过旋转蒸发浓缩,以获得52.41g(93%收率)如微黄色油状物的粗2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)-2-氧代乙酸乙酯,其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。LCMS,在2分钟色谱分析中,tR=1.77分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 239[M+H]+。
步骤2:(R,E)-2-((叔丁基磺酰基)亚氨基)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙酸乙酯
向2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)-2-氧代乙酸乙酯(20g,84.3毫摩尔)在干燥THF(100mL)中的混合物添加(R)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(11.18g,92.7毫摩尔)和乙醇钛(IV)(28.74g,126毫摩尔)。将混合物在回流下加热过夜。溶液的颜色逐渐变为浅棕色。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用盐水(25mL)淬灭并搅拌30分钟。然后将其经过硅藻土垫过滤,用乙酸乙酯(100mL)冲洗固体。将滤液用水(50mL)和盐水(25mL)洗涤,然后有机相经Na2SO4干燥、过滤并通过旋转蒸发浓缩,以获得23.09g(80.6%收率)的浅棕色油状物的粗(R,E)-2-((叔丁基磺酰基)亚氨基)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙酸乙酯,其不经进一步纯化而使用。LCMS在2分钟色谱分析中,tR=1.81分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 342[M+H]+。
步骤3:(R)-2-(((R)-叔丁基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)丙酸乙酯
在0℃下,向(R,E)-2-((叔丁基磺酰基)亚氨基)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙酸乙酯(100mg,0.293毫摩尔)在干燥THF(4mL)中的混合物添加二甲基锌(甲苯中的2.0M,161μL,0.322毫摩尔)。搅拌10分钟之后,滴加甲基溴化镁(在甲苯/THF中的1.4M,2.46mL,3.44毫摩尔)。在升温至室温前将混合物在0℃下搅拌20分钟并搅拌16h。将反应混合物用饱和氯化铵水溶液(15mL)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释。将有机层用0.5%含水HCl(20mL)和盐水(10mL)洗涤、经Na2SO4干燥、过滤并通过旋转蒸发浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶层析(100%己烷,梯度至1:1的己烷:乙酸乙酯)纯化,以提供60mg(57%收率)的(R)-2-(((R)-叔丁基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)丙酸乙酯。LCMS在2分钟色谱分析中,tR=1.61分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 358[M+H]+。
步骤4:(R)-N-((R)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)-1-羟丙-2-基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺
酰胺
在0℃下,向(R)-2-(((R)-叔丁基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)丙酸乙酯(60mg,0.168毫摩尔)在干燥THF(30mL)中的溶液滴加硼氢化锂(THF中的2.0M,126μL,0.252毫摩尔)。在0℃下,在升温至室温和搅拌3h前将混合物搅拌10分钟。将反应混合物用饱和氯化铵水溶液(15mL)淬灭,用乙酸乙酯(25mL)稀释。将有机层用0.5%HCl(15mL)和盐水(10mL)洗涤,然后经Na2SO4干燥、过滤并通过旋转蒸发浓缩,以获得56mg(~100%收率)的(R)-N-((R)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)-1-羟基丙烷-2-基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺,其不经进一步纯化而使用。LCMS在2分钟色谱分析中,tR=1.35分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 316[M+H]+。
步骤5:2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)丙-1-醇
向(R)-N-((R)-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)-1-羟基丙烷-2-基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(53mg,0.168毫摩尔)在甲醇(3mL)中的溶液添加HCl溶液(二氧六环中的4.0M,3mL)。将混合物在室温下搅拌3h。将混合物浓缩以获得粗2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)丙-1-醇,其不经进一步纯化使用。LCMS在2分钟色谱分析中,tR=0.66分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 195[M-NH3+H]+。
制备B5:(R)-2-氨基-2-(5-(乙基磺酰基)吡啶-2-基)乙醇
步骤1:2-溴-5-(乙基硫基)吡啶
向2-溴-5-氟吡啶(6.28g,35.66毫摩尔)在无水DMF(60mL)中的混合物添加乙硫醇钠(3g,35.66毫摩尔)。将混合物在100℃下搅拌3h。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯为10/1)显示原料未被完全消耗。向混合物添加额外的乙硫醇钠(0.9g,9.56毫摩尔)。将混合物在100℃下搅拌12h。将混合物用H2O(150mL)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(3×150mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(400mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析纯化(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯为80/1洗脱),以获得为无色油状物的2-溴-5-(乙基硫代)吡啶(7.0g,90%)。
LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(Welch Merck RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.717分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 217.6[M+H]+。
步骤2:(R)-N-((R)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(5-(乙基硫代)吡啶-2-
基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
在-78℃下,向甲苯(60mL)溶液中滴加n-BuLi(己烷中的10.6mL,26.48毫摩尔,2.5M);内部温度不超过-50℃。然后在-78℃下,向反应混合物添加2-溴-5-(乙基硫代)吡啶(3.85g,17.65毫摩尔)在甲苯(10mL)中的溶液;内部温度不超过-65℃。将混合物在-78℃下搅拌1h。在-78℃下,向反应混合物添加(R,E)-N-(2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(4.90g,17.65毫摩尔)在甲苯(10mL)中的溶液;内部温度不超过-60℃。将混合物在-78℃下再搅拌2h。在-78℃下,将混合物用盐水(150mL)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(3×150mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(400mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯为10:1至3/1洗脱)纯化,以获得为淡黄色油状物的(R)-N-((R)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(5-(乙基硫代)吡啶-2-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(3.0g,41%)。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析(WelchMerck RP-18e25-2mm)中,tR=1.014分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 417.2[M+H]+。
步骤3:(R)-2-氨基-2-(5-(乙基硫代)吡啶-2-基)乙醇
步骤与用(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基硫代)苯基)乙醇以及(R)-N-((R)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧)-1-(5-(乙基硫代)吡啶-2-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺作为原料的步骤相同。
步骤4:(R)-2-氨基-2-(5-(乙基磺酰基)吡啶-2-基)乙醇
步骤与用(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙醇以及(R)-2-氨基-2-(5-(乙基硫代)吡啶-2-基)乙醇作为原料的步骤相同。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ9.08(s,1H),8.35(dd,J=2.0,8.4Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.70(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.03(dd,J=4.8,12.0Hz,1H),3.91(dd,J=4.8,11.6Hz,1H),3.29(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.25(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
制备B6:(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基)乙醇
该化合物与(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(甲磺酰基)苯基)乙醇(B1)类似地制备。
制备B7:(R)-2-氨基-2-(5-(甲磺酰基)吡啶-2-基)乙醇
该化合物与(R)-2-氨基-2-(5-(乙磺酰基)吡啶-2-基)乙醇(B5)类似地制备。
制备C1:反-4-(三氟甲基)环己烷甲醛
步骤1:(反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲醇
在0℃下,向氢化铝锂(11.6g,0.306摩尔)在无水THF(350mL)中的混合物中滴加反-4-(三氟甲基)环己烷甲酸(30g,0.153摩尔)在无水THF(50mL)中的溶液。将混合物在0℃下搅拌2h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)显示无原料残留。将混合物相继用水(12mL)、15%NaOH水溶液(24mL)和H2O(12mL)淬灭。将混合物过滤并将滤液在真空下浓缩以提供为液体的(反-4-(三氟乙基)环己基)甲醇(24g,86%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ3.49-3.50(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.91-2.07(m,4H),1.50-1.57(m,1H),1.32-1.36(m,2H),0.98-1.05(m,2H)。
步骤2:反-4-(三氟甲基)环己烷甲醛
在-65℃下,向乙二酰氯(24.96g,13.84mL,197.7毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(250mL)中的混合物滴加DMSO(20.72g,28mL,395.4毫摩尔)。将混合物在-65℃下搅拌30分钟。在-65℃滴加溶解于CH2Cl2(50mL)中的(反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲醇(12g,65.9毫摩尔),将混合物在-65℃下再搅拌30分钟。在-65℃以下滴加三乙胺(66.4g,91.2mL,659毫摩尔)。将混合物在-65℃下搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下搅拌1.5h。将混合物用水(200mL)淬灭并分离。将含水层用CH2Cl2(2×300mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(200mL)和盐水(200mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为浅黄色油状物的反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基甲醛(8.9g,75%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ9.70(s,1H),2.16-2.65(m,3H),2.04-2.12(m,3H),1.00-1.39(m,4H)。
制备C2:6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲醛
步骤1:2-(((1,1,1-三氟戊-4-烯-2-基)氧)甲基)乙酸乙酯
在0℃下分批向1,1,1-三氟戊-4-烯-2-醇(6.7g,48毫摩尔)在无水(用CaH2干燥)DMF(85mL)中的溶液添加氢化钠(矿物油中的2.3g,57毫摩尔,60%)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,然后在0℃下经由注射器向得到的混合物滴加2-(溴甲基)乙酸乙酯(9.2g,48毫摩尔)。添加之后,将混合物在室温下搅拌2h。TLC分析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱)显示原料被消耗。在0℃下用水(50mL)淬灭反应,水层使用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层相继用水(3×50mL)和盐水(50mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将粗残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯:从梯度100/1至50/1洗脱)纯化,以获得为淡黄色油状物的2-(((1,1,1-三氟戊-4-烯-2-基)氧)甲基)乙酸乙酯(6.6g,55%)。1H NMR(CDCl3400MHz):δ6.31(s,1H),5.89(s,1H),5.85-5.74(m,1H),5.23-5.07(m,2H),4.52-4.43(m,1H),4.38-4.15(m,3H),3.82-3.68(m,1H),2.50-2.35(m,2H),1.38-1.20(m,3H)。
步骤2:6-(三氟甲基)-5,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸乙酯
在N2下,向2-(((1,1,1-三氟戊-4-烯-2-基)氧)甲基)乙酸乙酯(6.6g,26.2毫摩尔)在无水CH2Cl2(2.6L)中的溶液添加Grubbs II催化剂(2.2g,2.62毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌3h。TLC分析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱)显示反应完成。将水(2L)添加至混合物以淬灭反应。分离后,将有机层相继用水(3×2L)然后用盐水(2L)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯:从梯度100/1至80/1洗脱)纯化,以获得为淡黄色油状物的6-(三氟甲基)-5,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸乙酯(4.83g,82%)。1H NMR(CDCl3400MHz):δ7.01(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),4.63-4.58(m,1H),4.40-4.33(m,1H),4.20(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.95-3.84(m,1H),2.57-2.46(m,1H),2.41-2.32(m,1H),1.28(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤3:6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸乙酯
向6-(三氟甲基)-5,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸乙酯(4.83g,22毫摩尔)在无水THF(130mL)中的溶液添加碳上的干燥Pd(OH)2(2.7g,10%w/w)。在H2(30psi)下,将混合物在室温下搅拌16h。TLC分析(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1洗脱)显示大部分原料未被消耗。将混合物过滤,然后在减压下浓缩滤液并溶于无水THF(60mL)中。向混合物添加碳上的干燥Pd(OH)2(2.7g,10%w/w)。在H2(30psi)下,将混合物在室温下搅拌28h。TLC分析(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1洗脱)显示原料被消耗。将混合物过滤并将滤液在减压下浓缩以获得为无色油状物的粗6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-羧酸乙酯(3.4g,70%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。1H NMR(CDCl3400MHz):δ4.50(d,J=11.6Hz,1H),4.18(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.80-3.68(m,1H),3.66(d,J=3.2,11.6Hz,1H),2.55-2.49(m,1H),2.43-2.35(m,1H),1.95-1.81(m,1H),1.75-1.65(m,2H),1.25(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤4:6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸
向粗6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸乙酯(2.0g,8.8毫摩尔)在THF(24mL)、EtOH(12mL)中的溶液添加1N NaOH的水溶液(12mL)。将混合物在室温下搅拌3h。TLC分析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱)显示反应完成。将混合物添加至水(20mL)中,并在减压下浓缩以去除有机溶剂。将残余物用MTBE(20mL)洗涤,并用1N HCl溶液调节至pH=4至5。然后,水层用EtOAc(3×20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩,以获得为浅黄色油状物的粗6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸(1.72g,98%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。
基于1H NMR和19F NMR分析,顺:反异构体的比例为~2:1。1H NMR(CDCl3400MHz):δ8.56(br s,1H),4.47(d,J=12.0Hz,0.68H),4.25(d,J=12.0Hz,0.32H),3.76-3.62(m,1.68H),3.47(t,J=11.2Hz,0.32H),2.71-2.61(m,0.32H),2.58-2.51(m,0.68H),2.38-2.22(m,1H),1.88-1.80(m,1H),1.75-1.60(m,2H)。
步骤5:6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸
向粗产物6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸(1.72g,8.69毫摩尔)溶液添加2NNaOH水溶液(76mL)。在密封管中在100℃下,将混合物搅拌84h。将混合物用水(20mL)稀释并用MTBE(50mL)洗涤。水层用1N HCl溶液调节至pH=4至5,并用EtOAc萃取(3×50L)。将合并的有机层用盐水(50mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩,以获得为浅黄色油状物的粗6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸(1.60g,93%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。
基于3H NMR和19F NMR分析,顺:反的比例为~1:3。1H NMR(CDCl3400MHz):δ4.54(d,J=12.0Hz,0.25H),4.32(dd,J=2.8,11.6Hz,0.75H),3.83-3.68(m,1.25H),3.52(t,J=11.2Hz,0.75H),2.75-2.58(m,1H),2.45-2.30(m,1H),1.95-1.85(m,1H),1.83-1.63(m,2H)。
步骤6:N-甲氧基-N-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酰胺
向粗6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酸(1.0g,5.01毫摩尔)(异构体顺:反比例为~1:3)在无水CH2Cl2(60mL)中的溶液添加N,O-二甲基羟胺盐酸盐(980mg,10.10毫摩尔)、EDCI(1.93g,10.10毫摩尔)、HOBt(1.36g,10.10毫摩尔)和二异丙基乙胺(1.95g,15.15毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌16h。将混合物用水(60mL)稀释并用CH2Cl2(3×60mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(60mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯:从梯度30/1至15/1洗脱)纯化,以获得为浅黄色油状物的N-甲氧基-N-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酰胺(1.05g,87%)。
基于1H NMR和19F NMR分析,顺:反的比例为~1:3。1H NMR(CDCl3400MHz):δ4.30-4.24(m,0.25H),4.22-4.15(m,0.75H),3.90-3.68(m,4H),3.62-3.52(m,1H),3.24-3.14(m,2H),3.10-2.98(m,1H),2.14-2.04(m,1H),1.95-1.80(m,2H),1.80-1.65(m,2H).
步骤7:6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲醛
在0℃、N2下N-甲氧基-N-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲酰胺(90mg,0.373毫摩尔)(异构体的顺:反比例为~1:3)在无水THF(5mL)中的溶液滴加氢化铝锂(在THF中的0.75mL,0.746毫摩尔,1M)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌1h。TLC分析(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯:5/1洗脱)显示反应完成。将混合物用饱和硫酸钠水溶液(1mL)淬灭并过滤。将滤液用CH2Cl2(60mL)稀释,用水(60mL)、10%HCl水溶液(0.5M,60mL)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(60mL)和水(60mL)洗涤。将有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩,以获得为浅黄色油状物的粗6-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-甲醛(60mg,88%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。基于3H NMR和19F NMR分析,顺:反的比例为~1:3。
制备C3:反-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲醛
步骤1:2-((苄氧基)甲基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃
在0℃下,向氢化钠(15.8g,394.5毫摩尔,60%在矿物油中)在无水DMF(460mL)中的混合物中缓慢滴加溶于无水DMF(20mL)中的(3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)甲醇(30.0g,263毫摩尔)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟。滴加溶于无水DMF(20mL)中的(溴甲基)苯(49.4g,34.3mL,289毫摩尔),将混合物在室温下搅拌18h。TLC(石油醚)显示大多数(溴甲基)苯被消耗,并产生新的斑点。在0℃下将混合物用水(200mL)缓慢淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(3×300mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(3×300mL)和盐水(200mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚洗脱)纯化以获得如无色油状物的2-((苄氧基)甲基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(39.4g,73%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.27-7.35(m,5H),6.39(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.68-4.69(m,1H),4.53-4.63(m,2H),4.00-4.03(m,1H),3.51-3.61(m,2H),2.06-2.09(m,1H),1.98-2.04(m,1H),1.82-1.83(m,1H),1.67-1.70(m,1H)。
步骤2:6-((苄氧基)甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇
在0℃下向2-((苄氧基)甲基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(31g,152毫摩尔)在无水THF(400mL)中的混合物滴加9-BBN(730mL,365毫摩尔,THF中的0.5M)1小时。将混合物在室温下搅拌18h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示原料被消耗。在0℃下向混合物添加10%NaOH水溶液(200mL),然后添加30%的H2O2(100mL)。将混合物在21℃至25℃下搅拌1h。在0℃下将反应混合物用饱和Na2SO3水溶液(200mL)淬灭然后在减压下浓缩以去除THF。将残余物用乙酸乙酯(2×200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用H2O(200mL)和盐水(200mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1至1:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为无色油状物的6-((苄氧基)甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇(30.7g,91%)。LC-MS在10-80AB_2分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=0.869分钟,MS(ESI)m/z240.1[M+18]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.20-7.27(m,5H),4.45-4.55(m,2H),3.97-4.00(m,1H),3.60-3.65(m,1H),3.34-3.43(m,3H),3.05-3.11(m,1H),2.13-2.14(m,1H),1.69-1.71(m,1H),1.41-1.43(m,2H)。
步骤3:6-((苄氧基)甲基)二氢-2H-吡喃-3(4H)-酮
在0℃下向6-((苄氧基)甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇(45.5g,205毫摩尔)在无水CH2Cl2(500mL)中的混合物分批添加氯铬酸吡啶(88.4g,410毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌72h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1)显示原料被消耗。将混合物通过硅藻土过滤并将滤液在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1至2:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为油状物的6-((苄氧基)甲基)二氢-2H-吡喃-3(4H)-酮(31g,69%)。LC-MS在10-80AB_2分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=0.735分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 256.1[M+36]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.19-7.29(m,5H),4.49-4.57(m,2H),4.11-4.15(m,1H),3.92-2.95(m,1H),3.85-3.91(m,1H),3.47-3.54(m,2H),2.53-2.54(m,1H),2.40-2.44(m,1H),1.97-1.99(m,1H),1.83-1.90(m,1H)。
步骤4:6-((苄氧基)甲基)-3-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇
在0℃下向6-((苄氧基)甲基)二氢-2H-吡喃-3(4H)-酮(31.0g,141毫摩尔)和三甲基(三氟甲基)硅烷(50.1g,353毫摩尔)在无水THF(300mL)中的混合物滴加四丁基氟化铵(3.1mL,THF中的1M)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示原料被消耗。在0℃下向混合物添加HCl溶液(340mL,v:v=1:1),然后在室温下继续搅拌18h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示反应完成。将混合物在减压下浓缩以去除THF。将残余物用乙酸乙酯(3×200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用H2O(100mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为无色油状物的6-((苄氧基)甲基)-3-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇(10.0g,25%)。LC-MS在10-80AB_2分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.041分钟,MS(ESI)m/z308.1[M+18]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.22-7.30(m,5H),4.45-4.55(m,2H),4.09-4.13(m,1H),3.60-3.62(m,1H),3.47-3.49(m,1H),3.32-3.41(m,2H),2.19-2.22(m,1H),2.10(brs,1H),1.62-1.69(m,4H)。SFC在15分钟色谱分析中(柱:AD-H_3_5_40_2.35ML),tR=4.512分钟和4.857分钟,ee=10.12%。
步骤5:草酸6-((苄氧基)甲基)-3-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-基乙酯
在0℃下向6-((苄氧基)甲基)-3-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇(10.0g,34.4毫摩尔)在无水CH2Cl2(150mL)中的混合物滴加草酰氯乙酯(9.41g,68.8毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌20h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)显示大多数原料被消耗。将混合物用1N HCl(50mL)和盐水(50mL)洗涤。将有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=8:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为无色油状物的草酸6-((苄氧基)甲基)-3-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-基乙酯(11g,82%)。LC-MS在10-80AB_2分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=1.225分钟,MS(ESI)m/z408.2[M+18]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.29-7.36(m,5H),4.51-4.61(m,2H),4.47-4.48(m,1H),4.35(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.00-4.01(m,1H),3.60-3.62(m,1H),3.53-3.54(m,1H),3.45-3.48(m,1H),2.63-2.68(m,1H),2.34-2.35(m,1H),1.74-1.78(m,2H),139(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤6:反-2-((苄氧基)甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃
在130℃下用40分钟向草酸6-((苄氧基)甲基)-3-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3-基乙酯(10.0g,25.6毫摩尔)在无水甲苯(600mL)中的混合物滴加溶于无水甲苯(200mL)中的AIBN(1.26g,7.68毫摩尔)和三丁基氢化锡(15.05g,51.2毫摩尔)。将混合物在130℃下搅拌7h。LCMS显示反应完成。将混合物在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶解于乙酸乙酯(200mL)和KF水溶液(100mL)中并过滤。分离滤液。水相用乙酸乙酯(2×200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(100mL)洗涤、经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1至8:1洗脱)纯化,以提供为油状物的反-2-((苄氧基)甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃(较少极性峰,3.3g,47%)和顺-2-((苄氧基)甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃(较多极性峰,1.55g,22%)。反-2-((苄氧基)甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃:LC-MS在10-80AB_7分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=3.978分钟,MS(ESI)m/z292.0[M+18]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.29-7.35(m,5H),4.57(q,J=12.0Hz,2H),4.17-4.20(m,1H),3.41-3.54(m,4H),2.37-2.38(m,1H),2.06-2.10(m,1H),1.70-1.74(m,1H),1.30-1.42(m,2H)。SFC在12分钟色谱分析中(柱:OJ-H_3_5_40_2.5ML),tR=3.237分钟和3.528分钟,ee=5.62%。SFC在12分钟色谱分析中(柱:OJ-H_5_5_40_2.5ML),tR=3.158分钟和3.375分钟,ee=0.85%。顺-2-((苄氧基)甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃:LC-MS在10-80AB_7分钟色谱分析中(Xtimate ODS,2.1*30mm,3um),tR=3.739分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 292.0[M+18]+。1H NMR(CDCl3400MHz):δ7.21-7.30(m,5H),4.50(q,J=12.0Hz,2H),4.14-4.18(m,1H),3.57-3.58(m,2H),3.45-3.49(m,1H),3.33-3.36(m,1H),2.03-2.11(m,2H),1.19-1.77(m,3H)。SFC在12分钟色谱分析中(柱:OJ-H_3_5_40_2.5ML),tR=3.304分钟和4.188分钟,ee=9.85%。SFC在12分钟色谱分析中(柱:OD-H_5_5_40_2.5ML),tR=3.312分钟和4.273分钟,ee=18.6%。
步骤7:反-(5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)甲醇
在H2(15psi)、室温下搅拌反-2-((苄氧基)甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃(1.0g,3.6毫摩尔)、干燥Pd/C(250mg,10%Pd)和HCl(3mL,MeOH中的4N)在MeOH(20mL)中的混合物18h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)显示原料被消耗。将混合物过滤并将滤液在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:2至1:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为浅黄色油状物的反-(5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)甲醇(550mg,82%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ4.10-4.12(m,1H),3.35-3.59(m,4H),2.29-2.30(m,1H),2.01-2.05(m,2H),1.58-1.61(m,2H),1.33-1.36(m,1H)。
步骤8:反-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲醛
在-78℃下,向草酰氯(1.14g,0.77mL,8.97毫摩尔)在无水CH2Cl2(15mL)中的混合物滴加DMSO(1.4g,1.27mL,17.94毫摩尔)。将混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。在-78℃下滴加溶于CH2Cl2(5mL)中的反-(5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)甲醇(550mg,2.99毫摩尔),将混合物在-78℃下再搅拌2h。在-78℃下滴加三乙胺(3.03g,4.2mL,29.9毫摩尔),将混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟,然后室温下搅拌1h。向混合物添加H2O(20mL),并用CH2Cl2(3×20mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1洗脱)纯化,以获得为黄色油状物的反-5-(三氟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲醛(450mg,70%纯度,83%)。1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ9.55(s,1H),4.06-4.19(m,2H),3.35-3.46(m,1H),2.33-2.35(m,4H),2.10-2.14(m,1H)。
式I的化合物的制备
根据以下概述的一般步骤制备式(I)的化合物。
实施例1:(S)-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-7-异丙基-6-((反-
4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(46)
步骤1:(S)-3-(((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)氨基甲酰基)-7-异丙
基-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
在室温下,搅拌(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸(11g,36毫摩尔)、(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙醇(11.5g,43.2毫摩尔)、HATU(16.4g,43.2毫摩尔)和三乙胺(21.9g,30mL,216毫摩尔)在DMF(350mL)中的混合物2h。将反应混合物用H2O(140mL)稀释并用乙酸乙酯(3×140mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(3×150mL)和盐水(150mL)洗涤、经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:3洗脱)纯化,以获得为浅绿色油状物的(S)-3-(((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)氨基甲酰基)-7-异丙基-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(6.1g,33%)。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.845分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 518.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.87(s,1H),7.95(s,1H),7.81-7.83(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.53-7.55(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.16(s,1H),5.26-5.28(m,1H),4.88-4.96(m,1H),4.71-4.80(m,1H),4.45-4.47(m,1H),4.03-4.06(m,1H),3.94-3.98(m,1H),3.01-3.06(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.49(brs,1H),2.35(brs,1H),1.46(s,9H),1.19-1.24(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.92-1.02(m,3H),0.67-0.72(m,3H)。异构体SFC在15分钟色谱分析中(AD-H_5_5_40_2.35ML),tR=8.073分钟和9.821分钟,ee=96.91%。
步骤2:(S)-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-
5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺
在0℃下,向(S)-3-(((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)氨基甲酰基)-7-异丙基-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(6.6g,12.8毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(200mL)中的溶液添加HCl(60mL,二氧六环中的4N)。将混合物在室温下搅拌4h。LCMS显示无原料残留。在真空下浓缩混合物。将残余物用10%NaOH溶液调整至pH=9至10,然后用乙酸乙酯(4×200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩以获得如浅黄色固体的(S)-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(5.3g,99.6%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.341分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 418.1[M+H]+。1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.88(s,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.84-7.86(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.57-7.59(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.28(s,1H),5.29-5.33(m,1H),4.31(s,1H),4.23(s,2H),4.08-4.14(m,2H),4.00-4.07(m,1H),3.06-3.11(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.28-2.31(m,1H),1.24-1.29(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.06-1.08(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.75-0.77(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。异构体SFC在12分钟色谱分析中(AD-3_B2_5_40_25ML),tR=6.964分钟、7.904分钟和9.124分钟,ee=96.88%。
步骤3:(S)-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-7-异丙基-6-((反-4-
(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺
向(S)-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-7-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(5.3g,12.7毫摩尔)和反-4-(三氟甲基)环己烷甲醛(4.58g,25.4毫摩尔)在无水MeOH(100mL)中的混合物滴加乙酸直至pH为6至7。在室温下分批添加氰基硼氢化钠(3.19g,50.8毫摩尔)。将混合物加热至70℃并搅拌1h。将混合物冷却至室温并用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(150mL)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(3×200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水Na2SO2干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用乙酸乙酯洗脱)纯化,以获得为浅绿色固体的产物(6.63g,90%),其通过SFC分离和酸(HCl)式制备型HPLC纯化两次,以获得为浅黄色固体的(S)-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-7-异丙基-6-((反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(46)(3551.7mg,53%)。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MK RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.634分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 582.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ9.12-9.13(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),9.31-9.32(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.91-7.93(dd,J=6.8,1.6Hz,2H),7.71-7.73(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.30-5.33(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),5.16-5.19(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.87-4.89(m,1H),4.70-4.74(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),3.93-3.95(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.30-3.35(m,2H),3.19-3.25(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.54-2.56(m,1H),2.25-2.27(m,1H),2.03-2.08(m,5H),1.45-1.48(m,2H),1.33-1.35(m,4H),1.23-1.27(m,4H),1.11-1.13(t,J=6.8Hz,3H)。19F NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ-75.39。异构体SFC在12分钟色谱分析中(柱:AD-3_B2_5_40_25ML),tR=7.559分钟,ee=100%。HCl制备型HPLC方法;流动相A:含0.05%HCl的水;流动相B:CH3CN。流速:90毫升/分钟。检测:UV 220nm/254nm。柱:Phenomenex Synergi C18250*50mm*10um。柱温:30℃。以分钟计的时间:%A:%B;0.00:87:13,30.0:57:43;30.20:0:100;35.00:0:100。
实施例2:(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6-((反-4-
(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(41)
步骤1:(S)-7-乙基-3-(((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)氨基甲酰基)-
5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
在室温下,将(S)-6-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸(8g,27.4毫摩尔)、HATU(12.5g,32.9毫摩尔)和三乙胺(8.32g,11.5mL,82.2毫摩尔)在DMF(120mL)中的混合物搅拌0.5h。在0℃下向混合物滴加溶于DMF(30mL)中的(R)-2-氨基-2-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)乙醇(6.9g,30.1毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2h。LCMS显示无原料残留。将反应混合物用水(100mL)稀释并用乙酸乙酯(3×200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(3×100mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤、经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶柱层析(用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:6至1:8洗脱)纯化,以获得为黄色固体的(S)-7-乙基-3-(((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)氨基甲酰基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(9.0g,65%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.96(s,1H),8.01(s,1H),7.88-7.90(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.60-7.62(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.29-7.30(m,1H),5.32-5.35(m,1H),5.04-5.13(m,1H),4.76-4.82(m,1H),4.55-4.59(m,1H),4.00-4.13(m,2H),3.08-3.13(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.19-2.22(m,2H),1.53(s,9H),1.28-1.30(q,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.65-0.68(q,J=7.2Hz,3H)。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(MERCK RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.702分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 504.0[M+H]+。
步骤2:(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6,7-二氢-5H-
吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺
在0℃下,向(S)-7-乙基-3-(((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)氨基甲酰基)-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-6(7H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(9.0g,17.9毫摩尔)在CH2Cl2(100mL)中的溶液滴加HCl(30mL,二氧六环中的4N)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2h。TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:3)显示无原料残留。将混合物在减压下浓缩。将残余物用10%NaOH水溶液碱化至pH=9至10,然后用乙酸乙酯(5×200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩以获得如黄红色固体的(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(7.2g,100%),其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。
步骤3:(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6-((反-4-(三
氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺
向(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(7.2g,17.8毫摩尔)和反-4-(三氟甲基)环己烷甲醛(4.81g,26.7毫摩尔)在无水MeOH(100mL)中的混合物滴加乙酸直至pH为6至7。在室温下分批添加氰基硼氢化钠(4.47g,71.2毫摩尔)。将混合物加热至70℃并搅拌1h。将混合物冷却至室温并用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(150mL)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(2×150mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经无水Na2SO2干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物用硅胶层析(用乙酸乙酯洗脱)纯化,然后将其通过SFC分离(AD-H)和酸(HCL)式制备型HPLC纯化,以获得为浅黄色固体的(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6-((反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(41)(总共4.5g,HCl盐,46%)。LC-MS在5-95AB_1.5分钟色谱分析中(RP-18e 25-2mm),tR=0.662分钟,MS(ESI)m/z 568.0[M+H]+。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ9.07(s,1H),8.27(s,1H),7.88-7.90(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.67-7.69(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.26-5.29(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.06-5.10(m,2H),4.70-4.80(m,1H),3.90-3.91(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.30-3.43(m,2H),3.16-3.21(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.97-2.22(m,8H),1.18-1.46(m,10H)。19F NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ-75.39。HCL制备型HPLC方法流动相A:含0.05%HCl的水;流动相B:CH3CN。流速:80毫升/分钟。检测:UV 220nm/254nm。柱:Phenomenex GeminiC18 250*50mm*5um。柱温:30℃。以分钟计的时间:%A:%B;0.00:70:30,8.00:45:55;8.20:0:100;10.00:0:100。
实施例3:作为单甲磺酸盐晶体的化合物(41)(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺
酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6-((反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-
b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺的甲磺酸盐结晶
将(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6-((反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺的HCl盐(993.2mg,1.64毫摩尔)溶于CH2Cl2(60mL)中,并用1N NaOH(40mL)洗涤。然后水层用CH2Cl2(4×5mL)反萃取。将合并的CH2Cl2层经Na2SO4干燥、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将游离胺(915.1mg,1.61毫摩尔)再溶解于EtOH(10mL)中并冷却至0℃。添加甲磺酸(Aldrich,99.5%,171.3mg,1.1当量)并搅拌以获得浅黄色溶液。将几个晶种添加至溶液,然后将其在室温下搅拌过夜(5分钟之内出现白色固体)。通过过滤收集晶体,在高真空下抽吸4h后获得985.3mg(92%)白色固体,以获得(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6-((反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺单甲磺酸盐。LC-MS(2分钟方法):tR=0.93分钟。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ9.06(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),9.01(s,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.83(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.22(dd,J=7.2,6.0Hz,1H),5.99(d,J=14.8Hz,1H),4.94(m,1H),4.61(d,J=14.8Hz,1H),3.84(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.41(m,2H),3.12(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.61(s,3H),2.20-1.80(m,8H),1.44-1.32(m,2H),1.26(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.20(m,2H),1.14(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。19F NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ-75.50(d,J=94Hz)。
以以下方式获得晶种:向(S)-7-乙基-N-((R)-1-(4-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)-6-((反-4-(三氟甲基)环己基)甲基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(59.7mg,0.11毫摩尔)在乙酸乙酯(0.5mL)中的溶液滴加甲基磺酸(19.8mg,1.95当量)。该盐油化。在将乙酸乙酯上层倾析之后,将残余物经真空干燥以去除所有残留的乙酸乙酯。通过加热溶液以获得澄清溶液,然后将残余物再溶于EtOH(~5mL)中。在室温下静置过夜后,晶体析出(17.5mg,25%)。
根据本文描述的方法制备以下表1中的化合物。特指地,“*”表明尽管分离了单一的非对映异构体,这些位置的绝对构型没有被完全表征,而在指定位置中的一个相对于其他指定位置的立体化学如表中所示。因此,化合物组(对)在单一非对映异构体分离和测试,但是关于“*”的绝对立体化学被任意定义之处存在(例如,化合物1和4;2和5;3和6;10和11;14和15;18和21;29和30;34和42;以及39和42)。例如在化合物1中,三氟甲基基团相对于其连接的二氢吡咯并吡啶核为反式。
表1:
生物学分析
放射性配体RORγ结合分析(分析1)
用可商购的放射性配体(RL)25-羟基[26,27-3H]-胆固醇(PerkinElmer,目录号NET674250UC)在无细胞竞争分析中测试本发明的化合物结合到RORγ的能力,用于表示为6xHis-谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)融合物的重组RORγ配体结合域(LBD)蛋白质上的配体结合位点。分析在96孔SPA板(PerkinElmer,目录号1450-401)中,在含有150mM的NaCl、5mM的MgCl2、10%(v/v)甘油、2mM的CHAPS、0.5mM的β-辛基吡喃葡萄糖苷和5mM的DTT的50mMHEPES缓冲液(pH 7.4)中进行试验。测试化合物溶解于DMSO中,且在相同溶剂中制备化合物的半对数(3.162x)连续稀释。2μL的DMSO溶液与28μL 8.6nM 25-羟基[26,27-3H]-胆固醇和50μL 24nM的RORγLBD混合。板在700rpm下振荡20分钟并在室温下培养10分钟,随后添加40μL聚-Lys YSi SPA珠粒(PerkinElmer,目录号RPNQ0010)以实现每孔50μg珠粒。板在定轨振荡器上培养20分钟然后在不搅拌的情况下在室温下培养10min。在PerkinElmer Microbeta板读取器上登记关于氚β辐射的SPA信号。基于在DMSO对照下获得的高信号和在10μM标准下RORγ反向激动剂T0901317(SigmaAldrich,目录号T2320)下观测的低信号计算抑制百分比值。抑制百分比相对于浓度数据被拟合到四参数模型中,且IC50值由所述拟合计算得出,因为浓度对应于剂量反应曲线上的拐点。使用以下等式计算抑制常量(Ki),其中[RL]为分析中的浓度且KD为25-羟基[26,27-3H]-胆固醇的解离常数:
Jurkat细胞中的RORγt 5xRORE分析(分析2)
在基于细胞的转录活性分析中测试本发明的化合物的RORγ反向激动剂活性。分泌的荧光素酶用作Jurkat细胞(美国标准菌库(ATCC),目录号TIB-152)中的全长RORγt的转录活性的报告子。报告子质体通过使用KpnI和HindIII限制位点将ROR反应元件(RORE)AAAGTAGGTCA(SEQ ID NO:1)的5个重复序列插入到可商购的无启动子质体pNL1.3[secNluc](Promega,目录号N1021)中而构筑。RORγt的表达质体为购买的(Geneocopoeia,目录号EX-T6988-M02)。Jurkat细胞(3千万个细胞)使用LTX和PlusTM试剂(Life Technologies,目录号15338-100)在培养基中经11μg EX-T6988-MO2和26μg报告子质体转染。在37℃/5%CO2下培养5-6小时之后,收集细胞,再悬浮于含有10%(v/v)去脂FBS的无酚红RPMI培养基(Hyclone,目录号SH30855.03)中并以每孔80000个细胞分配到96孔透明底部组织培养板(CoStar,目录号3603)中。测试化合物添加到相同培养基的细胞中(DMSO的最终浓度为0.1%(v/v)),且所述板在37℃/5%CO2下培养16至18小时。经调节上清液中的荧光素酶活性用分析试剂(Promega,目录号N1130)确定。基于完全抑制和非抑制(DMSO)对照计算抑制百分比值,且所述值使用四参数非线性拟合模型相对于测试化合物的浓度回归以导出IC50值。
人全血分析(分析3)
在人类全血分析中测试本发明的化合物,以测定其对于IL-17A产生的作用,如通过细胞因子分泌到50%血/培养基上清液中所确定的。在存在或不存在化合物的情况下,将肝素化钠全血(由健康人类供体分离)和T细胞激活剂CytoStim的混合物放置到经灭菌、组织培养处理的24孔板中。特别地,每个孔中的混合物如下:(1)500μL全血,(2)250μL化合物被稀释到RPMI-1640培养基中,该培养基含有10%HyCloneTM FCS(ThermoFisherScientific,Waltham,MA),Pen/Strep和NEAA(LifeTechnologies,Grand Island,NY),和(3)250μL的CytoStim(Miltenyi Biotech,德国),在完整的细胞培养基中被稀释至最终浓度为10μL/mL。
在37℃/5%CO2下培养混合物48h,在其之后将来自每个孔中的200μL澄清上清液(即无红细胞)转移至96孔板。使用来自Human IL-17A V-PLEXTM试剂盒(cat.#K151RFD-4,Meso Scale Discovery,Rockville,MD)的25μL Diluent 43稀释的25μL转移的上清液确定IL-17A细胞因子表达。根据制造商的说明书使用内含的试剂进行分析。使用Meso ScaleDiscovery Imager(Model 1200)读取IL-17A V-PLEXTM板。使用四参数非线性拟合模型由标准曲线推测IL-17A水平并以pg/mL表示。使用四参数非线性拟合模型,相对于测试化合物的浓度倒推这些值以获得IC50值。
hERG分析(分析4)
在体外测试本发明的化合物相对hERG(人类醚-à-go-go-相关基因)钾离子通道(IKr的代用品,快速激活延迟的整流器心脏钾离子通道)。
缓冲剂为HEPES-缓冲的生理盐水(HB-PS)溶液,由以下成分组成:137mM NaCl、4.0mM KCl、1.8mM CaCl2、1mM MgCl2、10mM HEPES、10mM葡萄糖,和0.3%DMSO,用NaOH将pH调整至7.4。在溶液制备中使用的化学品从Sigma-Aldrich(St.Louis,MO)购买,除非另有指明,其为ACS试剂等级或更高的纯度。
将HEK(人类胚胎肾)293细胞平稳地用hERG cDNA转染。
对于膜片箝实验,使用具有固定振幅的、从-80mV的保持电位以10s间隔重复的脉冲图形测定hERG钾电流的启动和稳态抑制(去极化:+20mV持续2s;复极化:-50mV持续2s)。在2s内变为-50mV期间测定峰尾电流。在应用化合物或阳性对照(cisapride)之前维持稳态至少30秒。测量峰尾电流直至达到新稳态。
使用(版本8.2)程序(MDS Analytical Technologies,Sunnyvale,CA)进行数据采集和分析。通过限制随时间变化的恒定速率定义稳态(线性时间依赖)。使用每个化合物应用之前和之后的稳态计算在每个浓度下的电流抑制的百分比。
将浓度-反应数据拟合到以下形式的等式:
抑制%={1-1/[1+([Test]/IC50)N]}*100
其中,[测试]为化合物浓度,IC50为在最大抑制一半的化合物浓度,N为希尔系数,抑制%为在每个化合物浓度的电流抑制百分比。使用Excel 2003(Microsoft,WA)的插件Solver实现非线性最小二乘法拟合并计算IC50。
分析1和分析2的结果示于表2中。
表2:
*+表示>1000nM;++表示100nM–1000nM;+++表示<100nM。
分析3和分析4的结果示于表3中。
表3:
*+指>200nM;++指100nM–200nM;+++指<100nM。
具有比较化合物的分析1至分析4的结果示于表4中。
表4:
A+表示>1000nM;++表示100nM–1000nM;+++表示<100nM。
B+表示>200nM;++表示100nM–200nM;+++表示<100nM。
尽管我们已经描述了本发明的许多实施方式,可以改变我们的基本实施例以获得使用本发明的化合物和方法的其他实施方式是明显的。因此,应通过所附的权利要求理解本发明的范围而不是以实施例的方式呈现的具体实施方式而定义本发明的范围。
贯穿本申请的所有参考文献的内容(包括参考图书资料、授权专利、公开的专利申请和审查中的专利申请)据此通过引用以其整体明确地并入本文。除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语与本领域技术人员通常已知的含义相符合。
Claims (15)
1.一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物的式为:
其中
R2为(C1-C3)烷基、羟基(C1-C3)烷基、卤代(C1-C3)烷基、苄基、(C1-C3)烷氧基(C1-C3)烷基、四氢吡喃基、或-CH2-四氢吡喃基;
R3和R4各自独立地为氢或甲基;
Cy1为各自被(C1-C3)烷基磺酰基取代的苯基或吡啶基;和
Cy2为氢、卤代(C1-C3)烷基、环己基、或四氢吡喃基,其中环己基和四氢吡喃基各自任选地被选自卤代(C1-C3)烷基和(C1-C3)烷氧基中的一个或更多个基团取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物的式为:
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物的式为:
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物的式为:
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中Cy2为环己基或四氢吡喃基,其各自任选地被选自卤代(C1-C3)烷基和(C1-C3)烷氧基的一个或更多个基团取代。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物的式为:
其中
X为CH或N;
Y1为O且Y2为CH2,Y1为CH2且Y2为O,或者Y1和Y2各自为CH2;
R9为卤代(C1-C3)烷基;和
R10为(C1-C3)烷基磺酰基。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物的式为:
其中X为CH或N;R9为卤代(C1-C3)烷基;和R10为(C1-C3)烷基磺酰基。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物的式为:
其中X为CH或N;R9为卤代(C1-C3)烷基;和R10为(C1-C3)烷基磺酰基。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R2为甲基、乙基、苄基或异丙基。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R2为乙基或异丙基。
11.根据权利要求6所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R9为CF3;R10为SO2Et或SO2Me。
12.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物选自:
13.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物的式为:
14.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至13中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和药学上可接受的载体。
15.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗疾病或病症的药物中的用途,所述疾病或病症选自干眼症、哮喘、异位性皮炎、痤疮、克罗恩氏疾病、局限性肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、休格连氏综合征、葡萄膜炎、白塞氏疾病、皮肌炎、多发性硬化、强直性脊柱炎、全身性红斑狼疮(SLE)、硬皮病、银屑病、银屑病性关节炎(PsA)、类固醇抵抗型哮喘和类风湿性关节炎。
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