CN1056276A - 包含散热和隔热区的垫和具有可成型的叠层板 - Google Patents
包含散热和隔热区的垫和具有可成型的叠层板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1056276A CN1056276A CN91101153A CN91101153A CN1056276A CN 1056276 A CN1056276 A CN 1056276A CN 91101153 A CN91101153 A CN 91101153A CN 91101153 A CN91101153 A CN 91101153A CN 1056276 A CN1056276 A CN 1056276A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- pad
- thermal insulation
- radiating area
- insulation areas
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
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Abstract
一种包括隔热区和散热区的垫,包括:形成一叠
层的多层金属箔层,所述箔层按垂直方向逐层放置,
所述叠层包括至少一个散热区及与所述散热区相邻
的至少一个隔热区,所述的层在垂直方向上,所述散
热区比所述隔热区有较好的热传导,至少所述层中的
一层包括一组凸起,用以在所述隔热区内把一层与相
邻层分开,从而提供层间间隙,在所述隔热区中的所
述层之一与所述层中另一层相邻且非冶金地相连,所
述散热区包括叠层的一个被压缩的部分。
Description
本发明涉及一种隔热垫,它包括散热和隔热区,它可用作一种热反射屏蔽以及一种用以在预定部位上散热的散热器。
已经提出了各种用于隔热目的的垫、板和结构元件,例如,美国专利号2180373(“Sibley等人”),它公开了一种隔热板,该板包括一金属篮,热反射内衬覆盖在篮的内壁上,以及多条热反射材料的薄带,如薄铝箔,该带可通过手或任何适合的方法来弄皱,以形成大量不规则的表面,从而在各层间提供点接触。在Sibley等人公开的薄铝箔带可将其每端固定到篮的内衬上,并且可以在篮上提供一盖以封闭其中的衬和薄铝箔层。
Sibley等人公开的是,篮的内衬可用来将大部分热量反射回表面,在该表面上可提供隔离,从而导致可随意使表面迅速预热或迅速冷却,Sibley等人还公开了,盖的内部表面可包括一热反射表面,该表面将反射大部分的辐射热,它可以通过板上隔热周围边缘上的对流而将热量带回到它的发热源,从而使在各点上的热传导减少,Sibley等人还公开了,热反射材料应留有间隔足以在带之间提供隔热空间,对此可在每英寸上留有约3/8的空间,因而,Sibley等人公开了一种将热量反射回热源的装置,而不是将热量由隔热板的一部分上引导到另一部分上来散热的。
美国专利号1,934,174(“Dyckerhoff”)公开了一种隔热体,它包括许多金属箔板,该板可以进行冲压、弯曲或弄皱以形成突起,从而使板在组装成叠层时保持点接触,Dyckerhoff公开了,箔可以通过手或机器来弄皱或变形,并且可以提供元件表面的隔热,这对于相互固定这些板以保持不规则形状是不必要的,而对于提供厚的空间是必要的,Dyckerhoff公开了,板的平均空间可以约为1cm,而通常是在5~2cm之间,板可以具有小于0.2mm的厚度,甚至具有0.005或更薄的厚度。
Dyckerhoff公开了,提供一种保护罩,使绝热材料免于外部压力,而当采用绝热材料来填充空间时,该空间可通过通常结构元件来产生,如各壁或板,特殊的罩不是必要的,而在进行管道涂覆情况下,采用比箔重的金属制成外壳是适用的。Dyckerhoff还公开了,将所有板都弄皱是不必要的,并且隔热体可以包括一保持平直的中间板,Dyckerhoff未公开任何方法使得将热量由隔热体的一部分引导到其另一部分上。
美国专利号2,926,761(“Herbert.Jr.”),美国专利号4,343,866(“Oser等人”)以及美国专利号4,386,128(“Yoshikawa”)公开了一种隔热板,它包括许多金属薄板,这些参考文献均未教授或提出包括有将热量由一部分引导到另一部分上的装置的隔热垫或板。美国专利号1,974,665(“Schnetzer等人”)、美国专利号2,441,476(“Ewald”),美国专利号2,481,046(“Scurlock”),美国专利号2,963,128,(“Rapp”),美国专利号3,029,910(“Kirk等人”),美国专利号4,025,996(“Saveker”),美国专利号4,318,965(“Blair”)和美国专利号4,703,159(“Blair”)公开了包括有许多固定在一起的金属层的结构板,这些专利均未教授或提出包括有将热量由一部分引导到另一部分上的装置的隔热垫或板。
本发明的目的是提供一种垫,它包括隔热和散热区,由此,垫可以用作为热反射屏蔽,以及在预定位置散热的散热器,垫还包括使其成形的装置,以为了使垫附合于在其所处应用位置上的物体。
根据本发明的最佳实施例,垫包括散热和隔热区,散热区在垫的两面传导的热量要比隔热区大得多,垫包括许多金属箔层形成叠层,其中各层在垂直方向上是相叠排列的,叠层至少包括一个散热区,在该区的各层在垂直方向上要比与其相邻的叠层隔热区要密集,各层中至少一层包括许多凸起,它可以在隔热区将一层与其相邻的一层分隔开。特别是,散热区包括一压缩的叠层外部边缘,它就是在隔热区周围以以垂直于竖直方向的横向上水平伸延,在外部边缘上的各层是通过固定装置来固定在一起的,垫可包括一单个隔热区或多个隔热区,并且散热区可部分地围绕在隔热区周围或完全地围绕在隔热区的周围。
在本发明的一个实施例中,各层在散热区是相互接触的,并且固定装置包括一机械接合,如U形钉或其它相当物,它是至少部分散热区内的各层之间。在另一实施例中,固定装置包括至少一个由各层的剪切表面限定的开孔,每个剪切表面在与两层表面共面的平面上和下以垂直方向延伸。在另一实施例中,固定装置包括框架装置用以支撑散热区,框架装置包括一打开的框,底板或适合的其它等效物。在另一实施例中,固定装置还可以包括在各层之间的粘接剂。
根据本发明,凸起可以只在一层上以一种型式提供,或者凸起型式在至少两层上提供,所排列的各层致使至少某些凸起不是以垂直方向排列的,在本发明的一个实施例中,至少相邻的两层包括一种型式的凸起,以垂直方向排列的各层使至少某些凸起是以垂直方向排列的。所提供的凸起可以在贯穿垫的中间平面的一侧上而朝向远离中间平面的方向,中间平面垂直于竖直方向。凸起还可如此提供以致使至少一些凸起在各层的一侧上形成凹陷,而在各层的另一侧上形成凸起。
根据本发明,至少在各垫层的一层上包括热辐射装置。热辐射装置可包括在至少一层的至少一侧的至少部分上的一个黑色表面。黑色表面可以只在一个层的一侧的部分上延伸,或在该层的整个表面上延伸。如果采用垫来保护敏感元件,如热源的电气元件,垫的隔热区可以如此提供以致使它朝向热源,并且朝向热源的隔热区表面可以是一反射面。为了使垫热散,可以在位于远离隔热的位置上的垫的一部分或多个部分上提供热辐射装置,如黑色表面。例如,如果垫的外部边缘或其部分是位于裸露于循环空气中的区域时,其中如此将有利于除去垫的热量,垫可以在该区域内包括一黑色涂层。另外,黑色表面涂层可以在任何型式的各薄板上或在其任何部分上提供,这将有利于使热传到一个散热区或多个散热区。例如,垫的相对边缘位于裸露于循环空气的区域中时,则垫的这些边缘可以用黑色表面涂层来涂覆。甚至在该区域中的各层上均可用黑色表面涂层来涂覆,以利于垫层的热辐射。
根据本发明,垫可包括至少一层衬布,衬布层可包括一种耐热材料,并且可以放入相邻的两层表面之间。根据本发明,每层均包括凸起是不必要的。例如,至少其中一层可包括无凸起的平薄层,平薄层可以放在凸起的各层之间。凸起可以在每层薄板上以均匀的型式或以不均匀或任意型式来提供。此外,凸起可以在所有薄板上具有相同高度或具有不同高度。另外,凸起还可如此提供,使它们在每层薄板上朝相同的方向,或者凸起如此提供,使它们只向远离每层薄板的一侧延伸,或者凸起如此提供,使它们向远离至少一层薄板的两侧延伸。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种制造具有隔热和散热区的隔热垫的方法。该方法包括将许多金属箔层组合成一叠层的步骤,其中各层在垂直方向上以相叠的方式排列,其中至少两层是由在至少一层上的许多凸起来使其相互公开的,以及压制叠层的步骤,致使形成散热区和隔热区,并且垂直方向上的各层在散热区要比在隔热区密集。
本发明的方法可包括将许多层凸起的步骤,使得在各层形成许多凸起,凸起步骤可以通过同时凸起许多金属叠层来完成,在凸起步骤以后的每个薄板是由各层中的每层组成的,组装步骤还包括在凸起步骤以后将各薄板分开的步骤,并使其相互有相对位移,使得在相对的两薄板上的至少一些凸起不是以垂直方向对准的。
根据本发明的方法,还可提供一将散热区内的各层固定在一起的步骤。固定步骤可包括气密密封散热区。另外,将散热区内各层固定在一起的步骤包括各层的相互接合,以形成通过散热区内各层在垂直方向上至少一个贯通开孔,至少一个开孔是通过各层经冲压而形成。至少一个开孔包括许多孔,并且压孔机可包括许多间隔的凸起,每个凸起形成各个开孔。压制和固定步骤可以采用复合工具同时完成,其中复合工具包括完成压制步骤的可压缩材料和完成固定步骤的压孔机,可压缩材料和冲压机可以以并排关系而固定在一起。
根据本发明的方法还包括一切割叠层的步骤。特别是,所完成的切割步骤使散热区位于隔热区和叠层外部边缘之间。切割步骤可以同压制和固定步骤同时完成。特别是,切割、压制和固定步骤可以采用复合工具同时完成,复合工具包括用于压制各层的可压缩材料、用于固定各层的冲压机和用于切割各层的切割机,可压缩材料可安装在切割机和冲压机之间,在同时进行切割、压制和固定步骤期间可压缩材料在切割机和冲压机接触叠层之前接触叠层,在切割机切割叠层和冲压机冲出至少一个开孔时,可压缩材料压到一预定的量并压制散热区内的叠层。
根据本发明的方法包括在叠层中插入至少一层衬布层的步骤,并且还包括在至少一层的至少部分上涂覆热辐射材料的步骤,热辐射材料由黑色涂料组成,并且涂覆步骤包括采用黑色涂料在至少散热区的部分上涂覆。
另一方面,本发明是一种叠层板,包括第一金属箔层;第一层隔热无纺纤维材料可粘接到金属箔的第一侧;一个第二层隔热无纺纤维材料可粘接到金属箔的第二侧;并且第二金属箔层与所述的第二层隔热材料接触。
又一方面,本发明是一种叠层板,包括第一金属箔层;一层阻燃无纺纤维材料粘接到金属箔的第一侧;一层隔热无纺纤维材料粘接到金属箔的第二侧;并且第二金属箔层与所述第二层隔热材料相接触;其中第一金属箔和阻燃材料层的结合防止了叠层板阻燃侧裸露于1200°F45°角火焰持续10秒时隔热材料层的损坏。
再一方面,本发明是一种形成阻热叠层板的方法,它包括(a)层叠在第一金属箔层和一层隔热无纺纤维材料之间的第一热塑性粘接膜,(b)层叠在第一金属箔另一侧与一层阻燃无纺纤维材料之间的第二热塑性粘接膜,和(c)层叠在隔热材料层的另一侧与第二金属箔层之间的第三热塑性粘接膜,由此加热每层热塑性粘接膜使得足以使粘接层粘接到与相接触的金属和纤维层上。
还一方面,本发明是一种形成阻热叠层板的方法,它包括(a)将第一金属箔层同一层阻燃无纺纤维材料粘接在一起,和(b)将第一金属箔的另一侧同位于第一金属箔和第二金属箔层之间的一层隔热无纺纤维材料粘接在一起。
最后一方面,本发明是一种叠层板,它包括具有粘接到金属层每侧的一层无纺纤维材料的第一金属层,和粘接到一纤维材料层裸露表面的第二金属层。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,一层涂覆有粘接剂的金属层如铝,可以进行压花和/或预制成其易形成的形状。该层可用作为一底板的盖,用以固定隔热垫或其自用,粘接剂可涂覆在该层的一侧或两侧上。
本发明现将参照附图予以描述,其中
图1示出了按照本发明的垫的顶视图;
图2示出了沿图1所示线Ⅱ-II截取的垫的截面图;
图3示出了按照本发明另一实施例的垫的顶视图;
图4示出了图1所示IY的垫的一部分横截面图;
图5示出了按照本发明另一实施例的垫的戴面图;
图6示出了两层图1所示垫并其中带有粘接固定装置的截面图;
图7示出了一种复合工具,包括一切割机和一可压缩垫用以同时压制散热区并切割垫的外部边缘。
图8示出复合工具的透视图,包括一切刀、一可压缩材料和一冲压机,其中冲压机具有许多间隔的齿,用以同时切割垫的外部边缘、压制垫以形成散热区,和在散热区将垫的各层固定在一起。
图9是本发明叠层板的截面图;
图10是制造本发明叠层板方法的示意图;
图11是根据本发明可成形叠层板的透视图,以及
图12是图11所示叠层板的截面图。
根据本发明,所提供的垫1可用作为热反射屏蔽,以及在所需部位上散热的散热装置。垫特别适合提供“热点”隔离,其中可以采用比热源大的多的垫,通过将热辐射回热源和传导热使其透过垫到所需部位如沿垫的外部边缘,而在热源附近屏蔽一区域。例如,如果热源是在250℃温度下,则可以使远离热源的垫外部一侧上的温度降低到较低的温度,如大约50℃。另一方面。透过垫的热量还可以被传导到垫的散热区。如,如果散热区位于垫的外部边缘,就可能带走垫中央区域的热量。根据本发明,散热区域可将热量由面对热源的垫表面传导到具有较低温度的另一表面,其中该温度比面对热源的垫区域的温度低。例如,垫的中心可包括一隔热区,它在面对热源的垫表面和垫的另一表面之间具有200℃的温度差,由此垫的散热区域在面对热源的垫表面和其另一表面之间具有大约25℃的温度差。
如图1~2所示,根据本发明的垫1包括许多使垫柔软的金属箔层2。金属箔可以由铝、铜、金或其它适合的金属或合金组成,层的厚度可以具有任意厚度,而已经发现2密耳的厚度是令人满意的。可是,各层具有不同厚度,或每层的厚度是相同的。由于铝的反射率为约95%而放射约为10%,因而各层最好是铝箔的,然而,通过在铝薄层上涂覆黑色表面涂料,就可使薄层的放射率显著增加,当然,薄层反射率的降低是与放射率成正比的,所以,本发明的垫1是考虑到其特殊的应用而设计的,即,垫的各层(2)在应保持冷却的区域上制成的较光亮,而在需要通过垫辐射热的区域上就制成的较深暗。
如图2和5所示,各层2是以叠层3的形式提供的,其中各层2在垂直方向A上是以各层相叠的方式排列的,叠层3包括至少一个散热区4,其中各层在垂直方向上要比与散热区4相邻的至少一个叠层隔热区5的各层密集。各层中至少一层包含许多凸起6,从而使隔热区5中各层的至少一层与其相邻层分离。垫1可以包括单一的隔热区5,如图1所示,或者许多隔热区5,如图3所示。散热区域4能够完全围绕垫(如图1所示)的外部边缘延伸,或者外部边缘在一个或多个区域留有开口。在散热区中的各层2可以是相互接触的或相互不直接接触,但是在散热区4中的各层2在垂直方向上要比在隔热区提供更好的热传导。
在一最佳实施例中,至少一隔热区5包括一单独的隔热区5,它位于垫的中部,如图1所示。在该实施例中,散热区域4包括一压缩的叠层外部边缘,该叠层完全绕隔热区以垂直于垂直方向A的横向方向B水平延伸,在外部边缘上的各层可通过固定装置7而固定在一起,并且在散热区的垂直方向上要比在隔离区域更为紧密。
在散热区域4中的各层2可以通过各种固定装置7而使其相互接合。例如,各层2可以在散热区4内相互接触,并且固定装置7可包括一机械连接器7b(如图4所示),它是在至少部分散热区内的各层之间,固定装置7还可包括在各层2之间的粘合剂7c。如果在散热区域4内采用粘合剂来将各层固定在一起,最好是粘合剂具有约1/2密耳或更小的厚度,从而使各层2之间的热传导不会受到影响。固定装置7还包括一个或多个U形钉(未示出),以便在散热区4内将各层机械地固定在一起。如前所指出的,散热区可包括一叠层压缩区域,即,各层2的至少一层包括在其上的凸起6,它是在散热区内压制的。在这种情况下,被压扁的凸起将冶金地并机械地与相邻层2接合。固定装置7还包括至少一个开口7d,它是通过各层2的剪切表面8限定的,每个剪切表面8在平面P1的上和下以垂直方向延伸,其中平面P1是与层2的两个相对的表面共面的。固定装置7还包括框架装置9,用以支撑散热区域4,框架包括一打开的骨架(未示出)或含有凹槽9a的底板,其中凹槽9a可承受薄板2的叠层3,如图5所示。如图2所示,叠层3的顶层可以在散热区4内的薄板2的外部边缘上延伸。顶层包括一卷边部分7a,或与其相反固定在薄板2的底层下面,如图2所示。在叠层3的外部边缘周围还可提供气密封接,并且在垫的内部可包含某一气体如氙气,使得在各层2之间提供低的热传导。在散热区内固定各层的另一种方法是通过提供一卷边边缘来简单完成的。
垫1可以只包含两层2,其中每层包含凸起6。然而,在最佳实施例中,至少相邻的两层包含一种型式的凸起6,各层2相互产生位移使至少一些凸起在垂直方向上是不对准的。由于这种排列方式,各层2是以点接触来提供的,从而尽可能地减少在垂直方向A上各层间的热传导。凸起6可以在薄板上以均匀或不均匀的型式来提供。而且,提供的凸起6可以使它们只在薄板的一面上延伸,或者使凸起在薄板的两面上延伸,如图5的层2b。在图5中,层2a示出了凸起6的均匀型式,而层2b示出了在其一侧上的均匀型式和在其另一侧上的凸起6的不均匀型式。同样,层2d包括了以不均匀型式排列的凸起6,并且层2d上的凸起6具有一比薄层2a上的凸起6大的高度。层2b可包含各种高度的凸起,并且一层或多层2可以是平的,如层2c。在图2所示的排列中,在贯穿垫的中间平面一侧上的凸起6是朝着远离中间平面的方向,中间平面是与垂直方向垂直的。凸起6在各层2的一侧上是凹陷的,而在各层的另一侧上是凸起或突出的。
至少在各层中的一层上包括热辐射装置10。热辐射装置10可以是在至少一层的至少一侧的至少部分上的黑色表面构成。例如,散热区域4可用黑色面10来覆盖,或者垫1的各个部分均包括黑色面10,如图3所示。如前所述,黑色面允许垫1辐射95%的热量,而如果铝箔保持光亮,则只能辐射10%的热量。因此,黑色涂料可以在最需要将热量由垫辐射掉的区域内提供。举个例子,如果垫的一侧朝向热源,那么它将最需要保持表面光亮以反射热量回到热源,而如果热敏元件位于垫的另一面,则它最好也保持该表面的光亮以防止热量辐射到元件上。另一方面,如果垫的外部边缘是处于空气自由循环区域,则最好是压缩垫的该区域以提供散热区4,并且在其上提供黑色涂料以增强垫在该区域的散热。如果垫的一面朝向热源,而另一侧朝向没有热敏元件的敞开区域,则最好是涂覆远离朝向热源的垫的整个表面。并且,在垫内部的一层或多层上均可覆盖热辐射装置10,它可在任何所需型式的一侧或两侧上涂覆。如此的涂层10与散热区4结合而将热量引导到垫上的预定区域。通常,涂层10可以在朝向热源的垫的最底层上提供,并将延伸到散热区4,从而传导热量远离热源。
垫还包括至少一层衬布11,如图2所示。衬布层可包括一种耐热材料,如防燃剂聚酯(“FRPE”)。衬布层通常约1密耳或小于1密耳的厚度,并且是一种织物材料,衬布层11可以在垫的顶部1~2层内提供。此外,衬布层可包括耐热纸、玻璃纤维无纺织物、陶瓷无纺织物或其它适合材料。
根据本发明的最佳实施例,前述垫可以通过将许多金属箔层2组合成一叠层3的步骤来制成,其中各层在垂直方向A上以相叠的方式排列的,各层中至少两层可通过在至少一层上的许多凸起6来使其相互隔开,以及压缩叠层的步骤,使得形成散热区4和隔热区5,其中各层在散热区4的垂直方向要比隔热区5密集。
按照本发明的方法还包括使许多层2凸起的步骤,从而在各层形成许多凸起6,凸起步骤可通过同时凸起许多金属箔的相叠薄层2来完成,在凸起步骤以后每个薄层包括各层中的每层。凸起可以以无规或均匀重复型式提供。在本发明的范围内还可凸起各个层。凸起可以通过将单一薄层或薄板通过具有预定凸起型式的一对辊子之间来提供。凸起可以在各薄层上具有相同高度或不同高度,或者提供的薄层使一层比另一层凸起具有更高的凸起。凸起可以从薄板的一侧向外延伸,或从薄板的两侧向外延伸。用于每层的最佳金属箔是具有约2密耳厚度的铝,但可调整薄板的厚度以适合垫的需求。例如,较厚的薄板可提供较好的横向热传导。在本发明的范围内还可提供一些部分上较厚的薄板,使得在这些部分上具有预定较好的横向热传导。
本发明的方法还包括在散热区4将各层固定在一起的步骤。固定步骤还包括气密密封散热区,用一个或多个U形钉固定散热区,沿散热区弄皱各层,在散热区提供一机械接合和/或通过冶金接合使各层相互接合(例如通过超声波焊接,使得在铝上的氧化铝层被除去,并使各层相互接合),在散热区内的各层间提供一粘接剂,和/或任何其它适合的固定装置。如果垫是气密密封的,则可以在隔热区5内的各层间提供一低热传导气体,如氙气。
按照本发明的方法的最佳实施例、将散热区内的各层固定在一起的步骤包括,借助于在散热区内沿垂直方向上形成至少一个通过这些层的开口7d,把这些层互相固定在一起,借助于压孔机12穿过这些层形成所述的至少一个开口7d。该至少一个开口7d可以包括如图1所示的一组开口。压孔机12可以包括一组彼此有一定间隔的凸块或齿12a,每个齿形成单独的开口7d。压缩和固定步骤可用复合工具T2同时完成,复合工具包括可压缩材料13,它用来完成挤压步骤;还包括用来完成固定步骤的压孔机12、可压缩材料13和压孔机12以图8所示的方式并排地安装在一起。可压缩材料可以包括一弹性部件,例如天然的或合成橡胶,或被一金属部件如金属环加载的弹簧。
按照本发明方法的另一最佳实施例,切割叠层3的步骤可如此提供,使得散热区域4位于隔热区5和叠层3的一个外沿1a之间。切割步骤可单独完成,或与压缩步骤同时完成,或与压缩和固定步骤同时完成。例如,切割步骤可用工具T1完成,它包括一个在一合适的夹具15上与可缩材料13并排安装的切刀14,如同7所示。按照这种布置,可压缩材料13在切刀14与叠层3接触之前挤压叠层3,当挤压叠层以形成散热区4时,可压缩材料13将变形,然后切刀14剪切垫1的外沿1a,在切割,挤压与固定步骤同时完成时,可以使用图8所示的复合工具T2。如图8所示,复合工具T2包括具有彼此隔开的凸块12a的压孔机12,可压缩材料13和切刀14,它们都并排安装,用工具T2,切割,挤压和固定步骤可以这样完成,在同时进行切割,挤压和固定步骤期间,在切刀14和压孔机12接触叠层3之前,可压缩材料13先接触叠层3,可压缩材料13被压缩到一预定值,并可挤压散热区4内的叠层3,同时切刀14切割叠层,压孔机12穿出孔17d。
还是按照本发明的方法,可以提供在叠层3内插入至少一层衬布11的步骤。在这种情况下,在叠层3的各层2之间可以提供一层或多层衬布11。
同样按照本发明的方法,可以提供在至少层2中的一层的一部分上涂以热辐射剂10的步骤。热辐射剂10可包括一种黑色涂料,涂覆步骤可以包括用黑色涂料10涂在至少散热区的一部分上。不过,根据所要求的垫的热传导性能,热辐射剂10可以涂在每一层2的不同部分或垫1的外表面上。
按照本发明的垫包括5层铝箔,底层和顶层厚2密耳(0.002″),中间三层厚0.8密耳(0.0008″)。整个垫的尺寸为12″宽20″长,厚度约为5mm。散热区域可以是3-10mm宽,例如6mm。凸起约为1mm高,垫可被厚度约为20密耳(0.02″)的底座保护。顶层可伸过底座的边沿以便在底座的凹处固定住垫。如果垫被安装于车辆的下面,底座用来保护垫免受危险等。
按照另一方面,本发明的叠层板包括两隔热层之间的第一金属层和隔热层之一的外表面上的第二金属层。在其最佳形式中,与第二金属层相对侧的隔热材料层是一种阻燃材料。如此,本发明的最佳叠层板有一个阻燃纤维材料的表面,而另一表面为金属层。在这两个表面层之间是其它的金属层和其它的隔热材料层。
已经发现,阻燃材料薄层与具有高导热率的金属薄层结合能对普通的隔热材料提供极其有效的高温保护。这种结合能使这种材料用于比其通常使用的温度更高的温度下,尤其是在“点”隔热应用中。
这种点隔热应用的另一例子是汽车领域中,那里希望汽车客室的板与地板下面排气系统产生的隔热离,尤其是与回气管与/或催化转换器隔离,一般说来它们比排气管离地板更近。在本发明的叠层板中,阻燃层和金属层结合提供了一个在暴露于严重的热环境下耐用的并有效地保护隔热层免遭破坏的表面。本发明的叠层板中的金属层使得该叠层板在“点”热隔离应用中尤为有效,因为金属层有利于从热点区域导热并更均匀地把热耗散在一个大的表面积上,因而保护了隔热层并使隔热层更有效。这也使得本发明的热隔离叠层板更有效地应用于更多的应用中,
已经发现在本发明的叠层板中的金属表面层与夹在两隔热层之间的金属层组合具有特殊的优点。两个金属层的组合提供了优越的热防护和热耗散、尤其适用于汽车点隔热应用中。例如,在这种使用中,本发明的叠层板如此放置,使得阻燃材料表面层位于汽车客室的金属层地板之上,而金属表面层在顶上。客室的地毯垫或地毯置于本发明叠层板的金属表面层之上。在这种布置中,本发明的叠层板和其它类型的隔热相比,对于给定的厚度和重量,作为一种点隔热具有优越的性能。
在这种具体应用中,已经发现使本发明的叠层板的厚度为连同地毯在内总厚度的25%至75%为可取的。该叠层板厚度占总厚度的大约40%至60%为较好、最好50%。
虽然本发明的叠层板是作为隔热层来讨论和描述的。应该理解本叠层板也具有极其有效的声学性能。因此,本叠层板可以设计成用于它的一侧对另一侧具有所需的温度差(△T)以及所需的分贝差(△db)。可以相信,本发明叠层板中的金属层提供的意想不到声音和振动阻尼。这是因为它粘连在两个无纺纤维垫上。该金属层防止声音传过纤维垫,而且给予金属层的振动能量在它连结着的垫中得以耗散。显然,对于单纯的声学应用,即此处热不需考虑,就不需具有阻燃层,这对一种非阻燃材的无纺纤维热是合适的。
一般说来,本发明的叠层板根据所需的隔热值(△T)以及/或者所需的声音隔离值(△db)可以具有任意所需的总厚度。同样,在金属层一侧的纤维垫与在金属层另一侧的纤维热相比的相对厚度根据所需的本叠层板最终性能可以改变,除去物理性能之外,各层的成本通常也是一决定因素。
叠层板的总厚度以及每一层的厚度,密度以及其它性能却可由本领域的熟练人员按此处的描述并根据具体应用对叠层板所要求的最终性能进行选择。这些参数根据其最终应用是作为热隔离,还是声隔离或是二者共有而改变。例如,在一侧使用1密耳铝箔与0.1吋聚芳基酰胺无纺纤维垫,在另一侧使用聚酯无纺纤维垫的一种0.75吋的叠层板在汽车排气管和客室地板之间可以提供约为120°F的△T,而一种0.375吋的叠层板可以提供约为100°F的△T,本领域的熟练人员可以看出,本发明的各种叠层板中的各层可以是多层的,以便按照此处的说明提供需要的性能。
在一种优选的情况中,本发明提供薄而轻的热隔离叠层板,其厚度小于1吋,重量约小于51b/ft3一种较好的选择为叠层板厚度小于3/4吋,还有更好的选择为叠层板厚度小于1/2或者3/8吋。同样,一种优选的重量范围大约是3至41b/ft3或更小。与金属层结合的阻燃层的厚度选取为0.1吋或更小,金属层的厚度选取为0.005吋或更小。隔离层将补偿总的叠层板的厚度。较好地,阻燃层小于大约0.08吋,在大约0.03至0.06吋的范围内最好。金属层最好是一种金属箔,它为加工及最终使用提供柔性,金属箔的厚度应小于大约0.003吋,更好地小于0.002吋,对于许多应用,最好的厚度范围为大约0.001吋至约为0.0015吋。
用于本发明的叠层板的可取的材料包括用于金属层的铝箔以及用于阻燃层的聚芳基酰胺无纺纤维毛层。隔离层可用一种聚酯玻璃纤维无纺毛层。叠层板的各层可按各种具体应用以任意所需的方式连接或粘连在一起。最好使金属箔避免穿孔或撕裂,从而保持金属层的横向热传导的整体性。
虽然外表面的金属层最好与隔热材料层粘连在一起,但是表面金属层不需与隔热材料层粘连,这一金属层仅需要与隔离材料层进行热接触,并可以以任何希望的方式定位。在一种布置中,这一金属层实际上可以被系在汽车客室的地板地毯的底部,当地毯置于在另一方面具有其它金属层和阻燃材料层的隔热层的顶部时,借以与形成本发明的叠层板的隔离层接触。
叠层板的各层最好用适用于叠层板所用温度范围的粘接剂连接,该粘接剂可在液态或固态下应用,可作为液态或粉末被喷在纤维毛层与/或金属箔表面上,从而使纤维材料与金属箔粘连。不过,一种较好的粘连剂是一种呈片状或膜状的热塑粘接剂,典型地,约0.0015吋厚,例如注册商标为“Surlyn”,从Dupont可买到的热塑料粘连膜,对于熟悉叠层板制造的人员来说,使用膜状连接剂的优点是容易看出的。粘接剂膜可用一滚子供给,并置位于金属箔和纤维毛层之间,然后被加热并在合适温度和压力下挤压,以使粘连剂熔化或流动,把纤维毛层粘连在金属箔上。这种膜状或片状粘连剂具有容易加工的优点,能提供均匀的粘连层,并在叠层板处理过程中没有溶剂的或空气中传播微粒。
图9是本发明的这一实施例的典型叠层板的横截面图。叠层板16包括金属层17和粘连于金属层一侧的隔离层18,金属层17的另一侧,粘连着阻燃材料层19,第二个金属层20连接在隔热层18上。
如上所述,将隔离层与/或阻燃层附着于金属层上的方法可采取任何希望的手段,不过最经济方便的手段用固态或液态粘合方式,可用热塑或热固式粘合剂以及催化固化粘合系统,包括空气或湿度固化粘合系统。组成本发明叠层板的三层的相对厚度上面已讨论过,它们可以被熟悉本技术的人员调节以满足本发明用于热隔离叠层板的任何具体应用。
图10说明了制造本发明叠层板的一种制造方法的实施例。对于熟悉本技术的人员,其它的实施例和改型在本发明的范围或指导下可以作出。在图10解释的这一实施例中,由滚子24供给的铝箔21与由滚子25供给的粘合剂膜22以及滚子26供给的聚酯或玻璃纤维无纺垫23一道被送进层压滚子27和28之间,它们把这三层进行挤压,结果粘合剂22把纤维垫23粘合在铝箔层21上。可借助于层压滚子27与/或28加热,或者在D区与/或E区加热,以便提供所需的温度使粘合剂22有效地溶化或充分地流动从而把铝箔层21粘连在纤维垫层23上。此外,也可以在C区加热,从而增加金属层和纤维层之间粘合剂的粘合力。
铝箔-粘合剂-隔热纤维垫42然后与阻热纤维垫层41一道被送进层压滚子43和44,在本实施例中,阻热纤维垫层41已经有一层粘合剂被层压在将接触先前形成的层42的铝箔21的阻燃纤维垫的表面上。铝箔层与阻燃纤维垫之间的粘合剂层可象第一步中施加粘合剂22一样被单独施加。
不过,在如图2所示的一些例子中,形成叠层板41是可取的。它是一种由滚子33供给的,例如聚芳基酰胺纤维的阻燃纤维垫与由滚子34供给的,例如从Dupont买到的“Surlyn”热塑粘合剂的粘合剂膜32的结合物。纤维垫31与粘合剂32在层压滚子35,36处被加热并被层压在一起,从而形成叠层板41。然后叠层板41与42一道被送至层压滚子43、44,并在F区与/或G区被加热,从而把纤维垫31连接在铝箔层21上,第二铝箔层51由滚子52与来自滚子54的粘合剂53一道被送至滚子43、44,从而与叠层板42接触,这样便产生出本发明的最后的叠层板45,它被缠绕在滚子46上,第二铝箔51与隔离层42的连接可由被加热的滚子44完成,与在F区或G区加热的方式相似,从顶部区域加热,并且/或者由加热器61加热。在某些应用中,单独的加热器61是需要的,以便使滚子44、43在粘合剂53与/或32固化之前不压缩或使层结构变形。
本发明的最终的叠层板可以被切割,切割成长条或模切割成各种形状,供作为垫与/或声隔离,与/或隔离层用于具体的各种应用中,在层压过程中使用的速度或层压结构与温度取决于所用的具体材料以及具体的粘合剂。
作为图10所示实施例的一种改变,可以采用液态粘合剂,喷在层之间,以便形成各纤维层与铝箔层之间所需的连接,或采用其它类型的粘合剂,例如粉沫状的,也可以是为膜状,液态等形式的粘合剂结合使用。
本发明的叠层板尤其适用于要满足汽车隔阻燃要求的耶邦汽车标准302的产品,在本发明中使用的无纺纤维垫阻燃层可以是阻燃纤维,或者用一种阻燃材料处理过的其它纤维。
为了提供图1所示垫的更大的柔性,可以提供孔100,从而允许垫容易弯曲。这种孔100可以完全贯穿垫的厚度。例如,可用一种具有一行厚约0.010吋,长(沿与刀片行平行的方向)约0.25吋的间隔刀片的压孔机在垫上打孔。孔100可以任何形状布置,例如直线状(未示出),如图1所示的曲线形或一组直线与/或曲线(未示出)。虽然这种刀片厚度约为0.010吋,在垫上形成的缝实际上仅有千分之几吋宽。由于这些孔存在,图1与图5所示的垫就容易弯曲/折迭/顺从,从而适合于绕在各种形状的物体上。孔可以以适合于垫所包围的物体的形状的样式布置。
金属的顶层或片4,例如薄铝片可用来盖住底座9(如图5所示)。或者也可单独使用,为改善层4的强度,可在其一面或两面涂上粘合剂,例如上述的SURLYN热塑粘合剂。当涂有粘合剂的层4被加热时,例如250°F,层4可连结于一个希望的物体上如图5所示的底座9,在这种情况下,垫被固定在底座9上,层4盖过底座,其外面部分围绕底座的角落弯曲,之后,该装配体被加热,从而把层4连接到底座9上,粘合剂涂层的存在显著地改进了层4的抗撕能力,尤其是在其边缘部分。具有粘合剂涂层的层4可被用于被加热的环境中,对于温度升高,例如270℃不会破坏粘合剂涂层。
为了改善具有或不具有上述粘合剂涂层的层4的可弯性,可提供一种压花的样式,如图11,12所示,在此情况下,层4a可以包括一钻石形的交叉开口型,从而允许层4配置在物体周围时可以按需要伸展与压缩。如图11、12所示压花样式包括一组在上下点101之间延伸的凸起和凹陷。这些点101可以随机地分布,以相等的距离或以重复的方式,例如在一个方向上为1/2吋,在另一方向上为3/8吋。最上方的点101a与最下方的点101b的之间深度,对于厚度为2密耳的铝箔片约为1密耳。
层4a上可以具有孔100,压花或其它合适的东西例如折皱或凹痕以增加其可成型性。例如,在层上可以提供一组皱痕或狭长隆起,如呈波纹型或其它形状,如果使用压花重复图案,可用合适形状的压花滚子提供,该滚子对着有一软面的滚子挤压层4a,此外,具有相互图案的一对压花滚子也可应用。
在上面的说明中已经对本发明进行了描述,并且用具有附图解释的实施例说明了本发明,在这里给出的教导下,对本领域的熟悉人员、显然可以作出本发明的改型,下面的权利要求体现了本发明的范围。
Claims (32)
1、一种包括隔热区和散热区的垫,包括:形成一叠层的多层金属箔层,所述箔层按垂直方向逐层放置,所述叠层包括至少一个散热区及与所述散热区相邻的至少一个隔热区,所述的层在垂直方向上,所述散热区比所述隔热区有较好的热传导,至少所述层中的一层包括一组凸起,用以在所述隔热区内把一层与相邻层分开,从而提供层间间隙,在所述隔热区中的所述层之一与所述层中另一层相邻且非冶金地相连,所述散热区包括叠层的一个被压缩的部分。
2、一种根据权利要求1所述的垫,其中所述的至少一个隔热区只包括一个隔热区,所述散热区包括一个所述叠层的被压缩的外边缘,该外边缘沿与所述垂直方向垂直的横向水平的延伸,完全包围所述隔热区,在所述外边缘的所述层被固定装置固定在一起,并在散热区的垂直方向比所述隔热区的垂直方向上挨得更紧密。
3、根据权利要求2所述的垫,其中所述固定装置包括至少一个所述的剪切的表面,所述剪切表面与所述层的两层表面共面的平面上下沿垂直方向延伸,以便提供一机械连接。
4、根据权利要求1所述的垫,其中至少互相相邻的所述层的两层包括所述一种型式的凸起,所述层互相偏移,使得至少一些所述凸起在所述垂直方向上不对准。
5、根据权利要求1所述的垫,其中至少一些所述凸起在所述层之一的一侧形成凹陷,而在所述层的相对侧形成凸起。
6、根据权利要求1所述的垫,其中至少所述层中的一层上包括热辐射剂。
7、根据权利要求6所述的垫,其中所述的热辐射剂包括在至少所述层的一层的至少一面上至少一部分上的黑色表面。
8、根据权利要求1所述的垫,还包括至少一衬布层,所述衬布层位于相邻两层表面之间,所述衬布包括一种耐热材料。
9、根据权利要求1所述的垫,其中一些所述凸起在所述垂直方向的高度大于另一些所述凸起在垂直方向上的高度。
10、一种包括隔热区和散热区的垫,包括:一组形成一叠层的金属箔层,所述箔层沿垂直方向彼此叠合排列,所述叠层包括至少一个散热区和与所述散热区相邻的至少一个隔热区,所述层在散热区内比在隔热区内具有较好的热传导,在隔热区内,所述层中至少一层包括一组凸起,它用以把该层与所述层中相邻一层隔开,从而在其间形成间隙,所述垫包括使垫可成型的装置。
11、根据权利要求10所述的垫,其中所述可成型装置包括在所述垫上的至少一排孔。
12、根据权利要求11所述的垫,其中所述孔贯通整个垫。
13、根据权利要求10所述的垫,其中所述成型装置包括在所述垫的所述层的一个外层的一种压缩型式。
14、根据权利要求13所述的垫,其中所述压缩型式在至少沿所述垫的一个外边缘被提供。
15、根据权利要求13所述的垫,其中所述压缩延伸到不大于外层厚度的深度。
16、根据权利要求10所述的垫,还包括在所述垫的一个外层的至少一侧的粘合剂层。
17、根据权利要求10所述的垫,还包括在所述垫的一个外层的相对侧上的粘合剂层。
18、根据权利要求16所述的垫,其中粘合剂层为热固塑料粘合剂。
19、根据权利要求10所述的垫,还包括在所述垫的一个外层的至少一侧上的粘合剂层。
20、一种可成型的叠层板,包括:
一个金属箔层;
涂在所述金属箔层的至少一面上的一种粘合剂层;以及
对所述金属层箔层提供可成型的装置,所述装置包括在所述金属箔层上的一组压痕或孔。
21、根据权利要求20所述的可成型叠层板,其中所述装置包括在所述金属箔层上的至少一排孔。
22、根据权利要求20所述的可成型叠层板,其中所述装置包括在所述金属箔层上的重复压痕图样。
23、根据权利要求20所述的可成型叠层板,其中所述装置包括在所述金属箔层上的一种随机压痕图样。
24、根据权利要求20所述的可成型叠层板,其中所述金属箔层上包括热辐射剂。
25、根据权利要求24所述的可成型叠层板,其中热辐射剂包括在所述金属箔层的至少一侧上的至少一部分上的黑色表面。
26、根据权利要求10所述的可成型叠层板,其中所述粘合剂涂在所述金属箔层相对面上。
27、一种制造具有隔热区和散热区的垫的方法,包括:
把一组金属箔层装配成叠层的步骤,其中所述箔层在垂直方向上彼此叠合排列,至少所述层的两层借助于在至少所述的一层上的一组凸起彼此隔开,以及
压缩所述叠层的步骤,使得形成散热区和隔热区,所述层在散热区的垂直方向上比在隔热区的垂直方向上提供更好的热传导。
28、根据权利要求27所述的方法,还包括在所述层的几层上凸起的步骤,使得在其上形成许多凸起,所述凸起步骤通过同时在一组所述金属箔的迭合片上使表面凸起来实现,在所述凸起步骤后,每个所述片包括一所述层的单一层。
29、根据权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述装配步骤包括在所述凸起步骤后把所述片分开并使它们彼此偏移,使得在所述相对片中至少两片上的凸起在垂直方向上不重迭。
30、根据权利要求27所述的方法,还包括在所述叠层内插入至少一层衬布的步骤。
31、根据权利要求27所述的方法,还包括在至少所述层的一层的至少一部分上涂以热辐射剂的步骤。
32、根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述的热辐射剂包括一黑色涂料,所述涂抹步骤包括用所述黑色涂料涂在至少所述散热区的一部分上。
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- 1991-01-15 DE DE91100402T patent/DE69100377T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1991-01-15 ES ES91100402T patent/ES2045958T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-15 EP EP19910100402 patent/EP0439046B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1991-01-15 DK DK91100402T patent/DK0439046T3/da active
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- 1991-01-22 CZ CS1991135A patent/CZ289066B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-22 WO PCT/US1991/000335 patent/WO1991010560A1/en active Application Filing
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- 1991-01-22 CA CA002074251A patent/CA2074251C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-22 BR BR919105946A patent/BR9105946A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-22 RU SU5052498 patent/RU2120857C1/ru active
- 1991-01-22 KR KR1019920701732A patent/KR100191984B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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