CN105530007A - 定向接近开关总成 - Google Patents
定向接近开关总成 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105530007A CN105530007A CN201510661536.2A CN201510661536A CN105530007A CN 105530007 A CN105530007 A CN 105530007A CN 201510661536 A CN201510661536 A CN 201510661536A CN 105530007 A CN105530007 A CN 105530007A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960705—Safety of capacitive touch and proximity switches, e.g. increasing reliability, fail-safe
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
- H03K2217/960775—Emitter-receiver or "fringe" type detection, i.e. one or more field emitting electrodes and corresponding one or more receiving electrodes
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Abstract
一种接近开关总成被提供并且包括接近传感器，接近传感器包含包括第一指状元件的第一电极和包括第二指状元件的第二电极，其中第一和第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿第一方向在它们之间的可变的密度和可变的间隔。接近开关总成还包括控制电路，控制电路响应于接近传感器的用户激活而处理信号且确定在第一方向上的传感器的滑动激活。开关总成可以确定轻击、稳定按压和滑动激活。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及开关，且更具体地，涉及具有增强的开关激活的接近开关。
背景技术
机动车辆典型地装备有各种用户可驱动的开关，比如用于操作包括电动车窗、前灯、挡风玻璃雨刮器、天窗、车内照明灯、广播和娱乐信息装置、以及各种其他装置在内的装置的开关。一般而言，这些类型的开关需要由用户驱动，以便激活或停用装置或者执行某些类型的控制功能。接近开关，比如电容开关，采用一个或多个接近传感器生成感测激活场(senseactivationfield)，并感测指示开关的用户驱动的激活场的变化，该变化典型地由用户手指非常接近或接触传感器引起。电容开关典型地配置为根据对感测激活场与阈值的比较来检测开关的用户驱动。
开关总成经常采用多个相互非常接近的电容开关，并且通常需要用户选择单个所需的电容开关来执行预期的操作。一些开关总成采用一系列传感器来检测滑动激活。在某些应用中，比如使用在汽车中，提供一种接近开关装置是期望的，该接近开关装置增强通过人比如车辆驾驶员对接近开关的使用。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种接近开关总成。接近开关总成包括接近传感器，接近传感器包含包括第一指状元件的第一电极和包括第二指状元件的第二电极，其中第一和第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿第一方向在它们之间的可变的间隔。接近开关总成还包括控制电路，控制电路响应于接近传感器的用户激活而处理信号且确定在第一方向上的传感器的滑动激活。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种接近开关总成。接近开关总成包括接近传感器，接近传感器包含包括第一指状元件的第一电极和包括第二指状元件的第二电极，其中第一和第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿第一方向在它们之间的可变的密度。接近开关总成还包括控制电路，控制电路响应于接近传感器的用户激活而处理信号且确定在第一方向上的传感器的滑动激活。
根据本发明的又一个方面，提供一种激活接近开关总成的方法。方法包括提供接近传感器的步骤，该接近传感器包含包括第一指状元件的第一电极和包括第二指状元件的第二电极，使得第一和第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿第一方向的可变密度。方法还包括响应于接近传感器的用户激活而处理信号的步骤，以及根据已处理的信号来确定在第一方向上的接近传感器的滑动激活的步骤。
通过本领域技术人员研究以下说明书、权利要求、和附图，本发明的这些以及其它方面、目的、和特征将会被理解和领会。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1是具有顶置控制台的机动车辆的乘客舱的透视图，该顶置控制台采用根据一个实施例的接近开关总成；
图2是图1中所示的顶置控制台和接近开关总成的放大视图；
图3是通过图2中的线III-III截取的放大剖视图，其示出了相对于用户的手指的接近开关；
图4是根据一个实施例在图3中所示的电容开关的每个中所采用的电容传感器的示意图；
图5是说明了根据一个实施例的接近开关总成的框图；
图6是根据第一实施例在电容开关中所采用的电容传感器的示意图；
图7是说明了在水平的从左到右滑动的过程中与图6的电容传感器相关的信号的Δ(增量)传感器计数的曲线图；
图8是说明了用于水平的从右到左滑动的与图6中所示的电容传感器相关的信号的Δ传感器计数的曲线图；
图9是说明了用于垂直的从上到下滑动的与图6中所示的电容传感器相关联的信号的Δ传感器计数的曲线图；
图10是说明了示出对角的从左上到右下滑动的与图6的电容传感器相关的信号的Δ传感器计数的曲线图；
图11是说明了用于处理和确定采用如图6中所示的传感器的开关总成的激活的程序的流程图；
图12是说明了在图11的程序中处理计时触板(timingpad)2的子程序的流程图；
图13是说明了在图11的程序中处理计时触板1的子程序的流程图；
图14是说明了在图11的程序中处理触板1到触板2的子程序的流程图；
图15是说明了在图11的程序中处理触板1的子程序的流程图；
图16是说明了在图11的程序中处理触板2的子程序的流程图；
图17是根据第二实施例采用接近开关的电容传感器的示意图；
图18是说明了用于水平的从左到右滑动的与图17中所示的电容传感器相关的信号的Δ传感器计数的曲线图；
图19是说明了用于水平的从右到左滑动的与图17中所示的电容传感器相关的信号的Δ传感器计数的曲线图；
图20是说明了用于垂直的从上到下滑动的与图17中所示的电容传感器相关的信号的Δ传感器计数的曲线图；
图21是说明了用于垂直的从下到上滑动的与图17中所示的电容传感器相关联的信号的Δ传感器计数的曲线图；
图22是说明了用于处理和激活采用图17的传感器的电容开关的程序的流程图；以及
图23是说明了在图22的程序中的收集计时的子程序的流程图。
具体实施方式
按照规定，在此公开本发明的详细的实施例；然而，应当理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为本发明的示例性实施例，其可以实施为各种和替代的形式。附图不一定是详细设计；某些示意图可以放大或缩小以显示功能概况。因此，本文公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅是作为教导本领域技术人员不同地使用本发明的代表性基础。
参照图1和2，根据一个实施例，机动车辆10内部通常示出具有乘客舱和接近开关总成20，接近开关总成20采用多个接近开关22，接近开关22具有开关激活监控和确定功能。车辆10通常包括装配到车辆乘客舱顶部的车顶或天花板下侧的车顶内衬上的顶置控制台12，其通常处在前排乘客座位区上方。根据所示的实施例，开关总成20具有设置在顶置控制台12上的多个接近开关22。然而，应该认识到的是，一个或多个接近开关22可以用在开关总成20中。各种接近开关22可以控制多个车辆装置和功能中的任意一个，比如控制天窗16的运动、控制天窗遮阳板18的运动、控制一个或多个照明装置比如内部地图/阅读灯和顶灯30的激活，以及控制定位于打开或关闭车辆的各种其他装置和功能。然而，应该认识到的是，接近开关22可以位于车辆10上的其他位置，比如位于仪表板中、位于其他控制台比如中央控制台上、集成到用于无线电广播装置或信息娱乐系统比如导航和/或音频显示器的触屏显示器14中、或者根据各种车辆应用位于车辆10上的其他位置。
根据一个实施例，接近开关22在此表示和描述为电容开关。每个接近开关22包括至少一个接近传感器，接近传感器提供感测激活场，以感测与一个或者多个接近传感器有关的用户的接触或非常接近度(例如，在1毫米之内)，比如通过用户手指的轻击、稳定按压、或滑动运动。因此，在示例性实施例中的每个接近开关22的感测激活场是电容场，并且，如对本领域技术人员应当显而易见的，用户的手指具有导电性和介电性能，其引起感测激活场中的变化或扰动。然而，本领域技术人员也应该认识到的是，可以使用额外或替代类型的接近传感器，比如但是不限于，电感传感器、光学传感器、温度传感器、电阻传感器等等、或者它们的组合。2009年4月9日的爱特梅尔公司触摸传感器设计指南，10620D-AT42-04/09中描述了示例性接近传感器，该参考文献的全部内容在此通过引用并入本发明。
图1和2中所示的接近开关22每个都提供对一个或多个车辆部件或装置的控制，或者提供一个或多个指定的控制功能。一个或多个接近开关22可以专用于控制天窗16的运动，以便基于控制算法使天窗16在打开或者关闭方向上移动、倾斜天窗、或者停止天窗的移动。一个或多个其他接近开关22可以专用于控制天窗遮阳板18在打开和关闭位置之间的移动。天窗16和遮阳板18中的每个可以响应于对应的接近开关22的驱动而被电动马达驱动。其他接近开关22可以专用于控制其他装置，比如打开内部地图/阅读灯30、关闭内部地图/阅读灯30、打开或关闭顶灯、解锁行李箱、打开后车舱门、或者关掉车门灯开关。额外的通过接近开关22的控制可以包括驱动车门电动窗上升和下降。通过本发明所描述的接近开关22的使用可以控制各种其他车辆和非车辆控制器。
参照图3，接近开关总成20的一部分示出具有在开关总成20的使用过程中相对于用户的手指34的接近开关22。接近开关22可以包括用于生成感测激活场的一个或多个接近传感器24。根据一个实施例，可以通过将导电油墨印制到聚合物顶置控制台12的上表面上来形成每个接近传感器24。接近传感器24的一个示例在图4中示出通常具有驱动电极26和接收电极28，驱动电极26和接收电极28每个具有用于生成电容场32的互相交叉的指状元件。应该认识到的是，可以以其他方式制成每个接近传感器24，比如，根据其它的实施例，通过将预制的导电电路布线(conductivecircuittrace)装配到基板上。驱动电极26接收在电压VI施加的方波驱动脉冲。接收电极28具有用于生成输出电压VO的输出。应该认识到的是，驱动和接收电极26和28可以设置在各种其他配置中，用于生成如激活场32的电容场。驱动电极26包括多个电极指状元件27A-27E，电极指状元件27A-27E每个通常示出以相对于水平轴线的不同的角度延伸。接收电极28包括多个电极指状元件29A-29C，电极指状元件29A-29C的每个同样地以相对于水平轴线不同的角度延伸。多个第一和第二指状元件27A-27E和29A-29C彼此互相交叉并且具有在沿平行于水平轴线的第一方向的不同的位置处在它们之间的可变的或变化的间隔。应该认识到的是，驱动和接收电极指状元件27A-27E和29A-29C具有沿第一方向比如沿水平轴线变化的密度。传感器装置有利地允许检测沿第一方向比如水平轴线和正交于第一方向的第二方向比如垂直轴线通过用户的手指的激活。这是因为用户的手指与相对侧相反的传感器24的一侧上的更多数量的电极指状元件相互作用，从而能够处理传感器信号，以确定与传感器24相互作用的手指的滑动或滑动运动。此外，手指的对角滑动和手指的轻击或稳定按压也可以如本文所描述的被检测到。
在此处所示和描述的实施例中，用作为方波脉冲的电压输入VI施加每个接近传感器24的驱动电极26，该方波脉冲具有足以将接收电极28充电为所需电压的电荷脉冲周期。因此接收电极28用作测量电极。当用户或者操作者，例如用户的手指34，进入激活场32时，接近开关总成20检测到由手指34引起的对激活场32的扰动，并且确定扰动是否足以激活对应的接近开关22。通过处理与对应的信号信道(signalchannel)相关的电荷脉冲信号(chargepulsesignal)来检测激活场32的扰动。每个接近开关22具有其自身专用的生成如本发明所讨论的被处理的电荷脉冲计数的信号信道。
参照图5，根据一个实施例说明了接近开关总成20。多个接近传感器24示出提供输入到控制器40，比如微控制器。控制器40可以包括控制电路，比如微处理器42和存储器48。控制电路可以包括感测控制电路，感测控制电路处理每个传感器22的激活场，以通过将激活场信号与按照一个或者多个控制程序的一个或多个阈值相比较来感测对应的开关的用户激活。应该认识到的是，其他模拟和/或数字控制电路也可以用于处理每个激活场、确定用户激活、并且发起动作。根据一个实施例，控制器40可以采用可用的QMatrix采集法(QMatrixacquisitionmethod)。ATMEL采集法采用主机C/C++编译器和调试程序WinAVR简化鹰眼实用程序的开发和测试，鹰眼允许实时监控软件中关键变量的内部状态以及收集用于后处理的数据日志。
控制器40提供输出信号到一个或多个装置，该一个或多个装置配置为响应于检测到的接近开关的激活来执行专门动作。例如，一个或多个装置可以包括具有使天窗面板在打开、关闭和倾斜位置之间移动的马达的天窗16、在打开和关闭位置之间移动的天窗遮阳板18、以及可以打开和关闭的照明装置30。可以控制其他装置，比如用于执行打开和关闭功能、音量控制、扫描的无线电广播装置、以及用于执行其他专用功能的其他类型装置。接近开关22中的一个可以专用于响应于在第一方向上的滑动而驱动天窗关闭、并且响应于在相反的第二方向上的滑动而驱动天窗的打开、响应于在正交于第一方向和第二方向的第三方向上的滑动驱动天窗到倾斜位置、以及响应于轻击或稳定按压而停止天窗的运动。天窗遮阳板18可以响应于另一个接近开关22而打开和关闭，其中该另一接近开关22响应于在相反方向上的滑动。马达可以响应于激活的类型而驱动天窗或遮阳板到所需的位置。
控制器40进一步示出具有连接到微处理器42的模拟-数字(A/D)比较器(analogtodigital(A/D)comparator)44。A/D比较器44接收来自接近开关22中的每个的电压输出VO、将模拟信号转换为数字信号、并且将数字信号提供到微处理器42。此外，控制器40包括连接到微处理器42的脉冲计数器(pulsecounter)46。脉冲计数器46对施加到每个接近传感器的每个驱动电极的电荷信号脉冲进行计数、执行给电容器充电直到电压输出VO达到预定电压所需的脉冲的计数、并将该计数提供到微处理器42。脉冲计数是对应的电容传感器的电容变化的指示。控制器40进一步被示出与脉冲宽度调制的驱动缓冲器(pulsewidthmodulateddrivebuffer)15通信。控制器40提供脉冲宽度调制的信号到脉冲宽度调制的驱动缓冲器15，以生成施加到每个接近传感器/开关22的每个驱动电极的方波脉冲序列VI。控制器40处理存储在存储器中的控制程序100，以监控并做出关于接近开关的一个的激活的确定且供应输出信号到各种受控装置。
根据第一实施例，接近传感器24在图6中被示为电容传感器。在本实施例中，接近传感器24包括具有多个第一电容指状元件29A-29D的第一接收电极28。第一指状元件29A-29D以相对于水平轴线的不同的角度向外延伸并连接到信号输出VO。电容传感器24还包括第二和第三驱动电极26A和26B。第二电极26A包括多个第二电容指状元件27A-27C，其每个以相对于水平轴线的不同的角度向外延伸。第三电极26B包括多个电容指状元件27D-27F，其每个以相对于水平轴线的不同的角度向外延伸。第二和第三电极26A和26B通常沿水平轴线对齐，而第一电极28同样地通常沿水平轴线对齐，以便电极指状元件互相交叉，使得驱动电极上的指状元件在接收电极上的相对的指状元件之间延伸并与在接收电极上的相对的指状元件电容连接。第二电极26A进一步包括垂直地延伸的外部指状元件31A，该指状元件31A通常垂直于水平轴线延伸以部分地包围第一电极28的一部分。第三电极26B同样地包括垂直地延伸的外部指状元件26B，该指状元件26B垂直于水平轴延伸以部分地包围第一电极28的一部分。由于这种电极配置，第二和第三指状元件27A-27F与第一指状元件29A-29D互相交叉，并且具有沿平行于水平轴线的第一方向的可变的密度。照此，当用户的手指从左侧向右侧滑动时，如图6所示，与手指相互作用的电极指状元件的密度从较高密度到较低密度，其在与其相互作用的给定尺寸的手指的情况下，对应于较高信号下降到较低信号。相反地，从右侧向左侧的用户的手指的滑动引起用户的手指与低密度的电容指状元件相互作用，该低密度的电容指状元件增加到高密度的电容指状元件，对应于增加的信号。照此，从左到右或从右到左的用户的手指的滑动运动或滑动可以通过处理由传感器生成的信号和监测用于水平滑动的相对于阈值和/或峰值的信号的变化率来检测，如本文所描述的。接近传感器24还可以通过处理穿过第二和第三电极26A和26B中的每个生成的信号来检测从上到下或从下到上的垂直滑动。通过得知用户的手指从上面的第二电极26A到下面的第三电极26B，该总成可以识别从上到下的滑动。相反地，通过在上面的第二电极26A之前识别下面的第三电极26B的信号，可以识别从下到上的滑动。此外，也可以检测左上和右下之间和左下和右上之间的对角滑动。
在图7-10中，根据各种示例，说明了用于与采用如图6中所示的接近传感器24的接近开关22相关的信号信道的Δ传感器计数的传感器电荷脉冲计数的变化。传感器电荷脉冲计数的变化是在没有任何手指或其他对象存在于激活场中的情况下的初始化参考计数值和对应的传感器读数之间的差。在这些示例中，当用户的手指移动穿过传感器24时，用户的手指进入与接近开关22相关的激活场32并与之相互作用。信号信道是与电容传感器24相关的传感器电荷脉冲计数的变化(Δ)。在所公开的实施例中，接近传感器24是电容传感器。当用户的手指接触或非常接近传感器24时，手指改变在对应的传感器24处测量的电容。电容平行于未触摸的传感器触板寄生电容，并且照此，电容被测量作为偏移。用户或操作引起的电容与用户的手指或其他身体部分介电常数、暴露于电容触板的表面成正比，并且与用户的肢体到开关按钮的距离成反比。根据一个实施例，通过脉冲宽度调制(PWM)电子器件采用电压脉冲串激发每个传感器直到传感器被充电达到设定电压电势。这样的采集方法使接收电极28充电到已知的电压电势。该周期被重复直到测量电容器两端的电压达到预定的电压。将用户的手指放置于开关24的触摸表面上引入增加每个周期传递的电荷量的外部电容，从而减少需要测量电容达到预定电压的周期的总数。用户的手指引起传感器电荷脉冲计数的变化增加，因为该值基于初始化参考计数减去传感器读数。
当手，特别是手指，非常接近接近开关22时，接近开关总成20能够识别用户的手动作以辨别用户的意图是用轻击或稳定按压激活来激活开关22还是执行也被称为滑动的滑动激活。在图6中所示的接近传感器24允许接近开关总成20在其间进行区分，并确定稳定按压、快速轻击、和穿过传感器的滑动。传感器几何形状和控制电路还使接近开关总成10能够检测滑动的方向，滑动是从左到右滑动、从右到左滑动、从上到下滑动、从下到上滑动，还是在水平和垂直轴之间的方向上延伸的对角滑动。稳定按压通常需要穿过第二和第三电极26A和26B二者生成的信号稳定持续预定的时间范围。快速轻击通常需要贯穿峰值的信号的对称上升和下降在短时间范围内发生。穿过传感器或触板的滑动可以通过分析电极信号的上升和下降的斜率和它们的相对计时来识别。
如果检测到滑动激活，则下面的步骤通常发生。与也被称为触板1和触板2的第二和第三电极26A和26B相关的信号的上升和下降计时被确定。第二和第三电极信号的偏移计时也被确定。从左到右、从右到左、或没有穿过触板1和触板2的运动被确定。从上面的第二电极26A到下面的第三电极26B或从下面的第三电极26B到上面的第二电极26A的运动被确定。数据被组合且被处理以确定总滑动方向。
在图7中，分别穿过第二和第三电极26A和26B生成的信号50A和50B通常在从左到右的滑动激活过程中被示出。触板1称为相对于第一电极28由第二电极26A生成的信号。触板2称为相对于第一电极28由第三电极26B生成的信号。穿过触板1和触板2的信号被示出上升并超过在时间T1a和T2a的阈值Th，并且进一步以第一速率上升到分别在时间T1a和T2b的峰值P1和P2。触板1和触板2的每个上的信号50A和50B然后以较低的第二速率通常沿斜坡分别降低到在时间T1c和T2c的阈值Th。时间值T1a、T1b和T1c是时间周期，在该时间周期，触板1上的信号超过阈值Th同时上升，达到峰值并超过阈值Th，同时降低到零。时间值T2a、T2b和T2c是触板2的时间值，在时间值时，信号超过阈值Th同时上升，达到峰值，并且然后超过阈值Th，同时降低到零。当用户的手指与开关的左侧上的电极相互作用时，信号由于互相交叉的电极电容指状元件的较高的密度和更接近的间隔而更快速地上升。当手指从左到右移动并且接近传感器的右侧时，信号由于电容电极指状元件之间的较低的密度和更大的间隔而降低，同时用户的手指在沿水平轴线的第一方向上行进。
从右侧到左侧的滑动激活在图8中被示出，其中相对于第一电极与第二和第三电极26A和26B相关的信号上升，超过阈值Th，分别以第一速率上升到在时间T1b的和T2b的峰值P1和P2，并且然后以第二速率下降回到在时间T1c和T2c的阈值Th。在本示例中，由于互相交叉的电极电容指状元件的较低的密度和沿水平轴线的电容指状元件的较大的间隔，信号以比在传感器的右侧上的降低的第二速率更慢的第一速率上升。电容连接的指状元件之间的较低的密度和较大的间隔导致与用户的手指相互作用的更少的电容指状元件，这导致较弱的信号。
根据一个示例，在图9中说明了用于从上到下滑动激活的电极信号。在本示例中，与上面的第二电极26A相关的信号50A示出在下部的第三电极26B的任何显著激活之前上升并且超过阈值Th，达到在时间T1b的峰值P1且下降回到在时间T1c的阈值Th。下部的第三电极26B生成时间延迟的信号50B，该信号50B上升，超过阈值Th时，达到在时间T2b的峰值P2，并且然后下降回到在时间T2c的阈值Th。与第二电极26A相关的信号50A因此上升，达到峰值并且在与第三电极26B相关的信号50B上升和下降之前下降。因此，接近开关总成20在以时间序列检测下面的第三电极28B的激活之前检测上面的第二电极28A的激活，以便检测到从上到下的滑动激活。应当认识到的是，也可以通过反转信号50A和50B来检测从下到上的滑动激活，以便信号50B同样地在先于信号50A的时间首先生成。
接近开关总成20进一步配置为检测对角滑动激活比如如图10中所示的从左上到右下的激活。在本示例中，与第二电极26A(触板1)相关的信号50A上升到阈值Th，进一步以急剧的更高的第一速率上升到在时间T1b的最大值P1，且以较低的第二速率更缓慢地下降回到在时间T1c的阈值Th。在信号50A下降到阈值Th以下之前，与第三电极26B相关的信号50B上升且超过阈值Th。信号50B进一步上升到在时间T1b的峰值P2且以较慢的速率缓慢地下降回到在时间T2c的阈值Th。接近开关总成20基于相比信号50A延迟T12a的信号50B的计时和显著地短于下降时间T1bc和T2bc的上升时间T1ab和T2ab来确定开关22的从左上到右下的滑动激活。进一步应该认识到的是，可以通过以时间序列反转信号50A和50B来检测从左下到右上的滑动激活，以便信号50B同样地在信号50A之前出现。进一步应该认识到的是，可以检测从右上到左下的对角滑动激活并且通过处理信号速率、峰值、和相对于彼此的计时可以检测从右下到左上的滑动激活。
参照图11，根据一个实施例，说明了用于处理电极信号和确定如图6中所示的接近传感器的激活的程序100。程序100可以通过控制电路比如控制器40执行。程序100开始于步骤102并且进行到执行子程序104和106，以分别确定与在此也被称为触板1和触板2的第二和第三电极中的每个相关的信号。子程序104和106可以同时被执行，并且可以重复地被执行。
子程序104在图12中被示出开始于步骤162并进行到步骤164，以识别在时间T1a在上升斜率上超过阈值Th的触板1信号的计时。接下来，在步骤166，子程序104识别在时间T1b的计时和触板1信号峰值的强度P1。接下来，在步骤168，在步骤170结束之前，子程序104识别在时间T1c在下降斜率上的超过阈值Th的触板1信号的计时。
子程序106在图13示出开始于步骤172并进行到步骤174，以识别在时间T2a在上升斜率上超过阈值Th的触板2信号的计时。接下来，子程序106识别在时间T2b的计时和触板2信号峰值的强度P2。最后，在步骤180结束之前，子程序106识别在时间T2c在下降斜率上超过阈值Th的触板2信号的计时。
在子程序104和106之后，程序100进行到决策步骤108，以确定在触板1和触板2二者上的信号的每一个是否是稳定的，且如果是，则确定稳定按压激活，且然后在步骤110结束。稳定按压激活可以用来输出指定的控制功能。如果与触板1和触板2相关联的信号不是稳定的，则程序100进行到决策步骤112，以确定信号是否以第一高速率(增量计数/时间)经历快速上升，接着迅速以第二高速率快速下降，且如果是，则确定快速轻击激活。快速轻击激活可以导致输出信号以执行指定的控制功能。如果信号没有不快速上升且然后快速下降，则程序100进行到子程序116和118以处理与触板1和P触板2中的每一个相关联的信号。
处理触板1子程序116在图15中示出开始于步骤194并且进行到决策步骤196，以确定时间T1bc是否大于量(1+K)×T1ab，其中K是大于零的常数。如果是，则在步骤204结束之前，子程序116进行到步骤198，以确定时间T1bc比时间T1ab大得多，时间T1ab在如图7中所示的信号上升比信号下降更快时发生，信号上升比信号下降更快指示了触板1上的从左到右的运动。如果决策步骤196的输出是负的，则子程序116进行到决策步骤200，以确定时间T1ab是否大于总和(1+K)×T1bc，且如果是，则在步骤204结束之前，进行到步骤202，以确定时间T1ab比时间T1bc大得多，时间T1bc在如图8中所示的信号上升比信号下降更慢时发生，信号上升比信号下降更慢指示了触板1上的从右到左的运动。
处理触板2子程序118在图16中示出开始于步骤206并且进行到决策步骤208，以确定时间T2bc是否大于量(1+K)×T2ab，其中K是常数。如果是，则在步骤216结束之前，子程序208进行到步骤210，以确定时间T2bc比时间T2ab大得多，时间T2ab在如图7中所示的信号上升比信号下降更快时发生，信号上升比信号下降更快指示了触板2上的从左到右的运动。如果决策步骤208的输出是负的，则子程序116进行到决策步骤212，以确定时间T2ab是否大于总和(1+K)×T2bc，且如果是，则在步骤216结束之前，进行到步骤214，以确定时间T2ab比时间T2bc大得多，时间T2bc在如图8中所示的信号上升比信号下降更慢时发生，信号上升比信号下降更慢指示了触板2上的从右到左的运动。在执行子程序116和118之后，程序100进行到步骤120以处理如图14中所示的触板1到触板2子程序，触板1到触板2子程序确定触板是否被一起滑动，如水平滑动，或一前一后，如垂直滑动。子程序120开始于步骤182并且进行到在检查是否T1a<T2a之前确定触板1是否被接合，同时当T12a≥T1ab时确定是否在触板1的峰达到之后触板2接合，且如果是，则在步骤192结束之前，在步骤186确定有从触板1到触板2的从上到下的运动。如果决策步骤184是负的，则子程序120进行到决策步骤188以在通过检查是否T2a<T1a之前确定触板2是否被接合，同时当T21a≥T2ab时确定是否在触板2上的峰达到之后触板1接合，且如果是，则在步骤192结束之前，在步骤190确定有从触板2到触板1的从下到上的运动。
在执行子程序120之后，程序100进行到决策步骤122，以确定触板1上的从右到左的滑动是否被检测到，并且如果是，则进行到决策步骤124，以确定从右到左的滑动是否在触板2上被检测到。如果从右到左的滑动在触板1和触板2上被检测到，则程序100进行到决策步骤126，以确定从触板1到触板2的从上到下垂直的滑动分量是否被检测到，且如果是，则在步骤160结束之前，在步骤120确定滑动激活是对角的从右上到左下的激活。如果决策步骤126确定激活不是从上到下的触板1到触板2的运动，则程序100进行到决策步骤130，以确定运动是从下到上的触板2到触板1的运动，且如果是，则在步骤160结束之前，在步骤132确定滑动激活是对角的从右下到左上的激活。如果决策步骤130确定激活不是从下到上的触板2到触板1的运动，则程序100进行到步骤134，以在步骤160结束之前，确定滑动激活是从右到左的滑动激活。
返回到决策步骤122，如果触板1从右到左的运动未被检测到，则程序100进行到决策步骤136，以确定触板1的运动是否是从左到右的运动，且如果是，则进行到决策步骤146，以确定触板2的运动是否是从左到右的运动，且如果不是，则在步骤160结束。如果触板2的滑动是从左到右的运动，则程序100进行到决策步骤148，以确定是否有从触板1到触板2的从上到下的运动的分量，且如果是，则在步骤160结束之前，在步骤150确定从左上到右下的滑动激活。如果在步骤148中没有触板1到触板2的运动，则程序100进行到决策步骤152，以确定是否有从触板2到触板1的从下到上的运动的分量，且如果是，则在步骤160结束之前，在步骤154确定滑动激活为从左下到右上的滑动。如果既没有如通过决策步骤148和152确定的从触板1到触板2的运动也没有从触板2到触板1的运动，则程序100进行到在步骤160结束之前，在步骤156确定有从左到右的运动的滑动激活。
如果决策步骤136确定触板1没有经历从左到右的运动，则程序100进行到决策步骤138，以确定是否有从触板1到触板2的从上到下的运动，且如果是，则在步骤160结束之前，在步骤140确定从上到下的滑动激活。如果决策步骤138确定没有从上到下的触板1到触板2的运动，则程序100进行到决策步骤142，以确定是否有从触板2到触板1的从下到上的运动，且如果是，则在步骤160结束之前，在步骤144确定从下到上的滑动激活。
因此，控制程序100有利地确定开关22的轻击或稳定按压激活为一个或两个控制输出。此外，控制程序100可以确定左或右定向的滑动并且因此提供控制输出。此外，控制100可以确定从上到下或从下到上的向上或向下滑动，用于进一步控制输出。最后，控制程序100可以确定对角滑动——比如从右上到左下或从右下到左上和在沿水平和垂直轴之间的轴线的方向上的其它对角运动——为进一步控制输出。
参照图17，根据第二实施例，说明了在接近开关总成20中使用的接近传感器24。在本实施例中，采用了第一接收电极28与第二驱动电极26，从而驱动电极28生成电压信号VI且接收电极28生成电压输出VO。第一电极28包括多个第一电容指状元件29A-29C。第二电极26包括多个第二电容指状元件27A-27E。第一和第二电容指状元件通常彼此相对且许多第一和第二电容指状元件互相交叉以相对于彼此创建电容场。第二电极26进一步包括部分地包围第一电极的第一垂直延伸部31A和同样部分地包围第一电极28的第二垂直延伸部31B。第一和第二电极的电容指状元件的每个以相对于水平轴线的角度向外延伸并且互相交叉，比如以提供沿水平轴线的可变的密度和提供沿水平轴线的电容连接的指状元件之间的可变的间隔。在本实施例中，只有单一的驱动电极26用作相对于如针对第一实施例所示的和所描述的两个驱动电极。此外，第一电极28省略了电容指状元件，以便产生在电容连接的指状元件之间不同的间隔和密度。除了如本文所描述的水平的从左到右或从右到左的运动激活和垂直的从上到下或从下到上的激活以外，接近传感器24有利地允许快速轻击或稳定按压激活被检测到。
在图18-21中，根据各种示例，说明了示为用于与采用如图17中所示的接近传感器24的接近开关22相关的信号信道的Δ传感器计数的传感器电荷脉冲计数的变化。在图18中，通过相对于第一电极28的第二电极26生成的信号50通常在从左到右的滑动激活过程中被说明。信号50被示出上升并且超过在时间Ta的阈值Th且进一步在以较慢的第二速率逐渐地下降回到在时刻Td的阈值Th之前以第一速率上升到在时间Tb的峰值Pb。时间值Tab表示用于信号50从时间Ta上升到Tb的时间，而时间Tbd表示信号50从时间Tb下降到时间Td的时间。当用户的手指与传感器24的左侧相互作用时，电容指状元件的更高的密度和在电容连接的电极指状元件之间的更近的间隔存在，这导致了较高的信号，而当用户的手指从左到右移动时，右侧具有电容指状元件的较低的密度和电容连接的指状元件之间更大的间隔，从而导致较低的信号。照此，控制电路可以确定从左到右的滑动运动被激活。
在图19中说明了传感器24的从右侧到左侧的滑动激活，其中与相对于第一电极28的第二电极26相关的信号上升并且达到在时间Ta的阈值Th并且然后在以较高的第二速率急剧下降回到在时间Td的阈值Th之前进一步以第一较慢速率上升到在时间Tb的峰值Pb。在本示例中，相比于右侧，在传感器的左侧上信号上升更慢，原因在于在沿水平轴线的右侧上的互相交叉的电极指状元件的较低密度和电容连接的指状元件之间的更大的间隔。
根据一个示例，在图20中说明了传感器24的从上到下的激活。信号50上升到超过在时间Ta的阈值Th且然后继续上升到在时间Tb的第一峰值Pb且然后在上升回到在时间Tc的第二峰值Pc之前下降到较低的值。第二峰值Pc小于第一峰值Pb。信号50随后下降到零。控制电路确定信号50指示从上到下的滑动——原因在于第一峰值Pb高于第二峰值Pc，且信号50指示较高值结果——原因在于电容指状元件的较高密度和相比于传感器24的下部与传感器24的上部相关的电容连接的指状元件之间的更近的间隔。
根据一个示例，在图21中说明了传感器24的从下到上的激活。信号50上升到超过在时间Ta的阈值Th且然后继续上升到在时间Tb的第一峰值Pb且然后在上升回到在时间Tc的第二峰值Pc之前下降到较低的值。第二峰值Pc大于第一峰值Pb。信号50随后下降到零。控制电路确定信号50指示从下到上的滑动——原因在于第一峰值Pb小于第二峰值Pc，且信号50指示较低值结果——原因在于电容指状元件的较小密度和相比于传感器24的上部与传感器24的下部相关的电容连接的指状元件之间的更近的间隔。
根据一个实施例，在图12中说明了用于确定采用图17的电容传感器24的接近开关22的激活的程序300。程序300开始于步骤302且进行到步骤304以执行收集计时子程序304。在图23中示出了收集计时子程序304。子程序304开始于步骤350并且进行到步骤352，以识别超过在基于时间Ta的上升斜率上的阈值Th的信号的计时。接下来，子程序304在步骤354中识别第一信号峰值的计时Tb和强度Pb。在步骤356，子程序304识别第二信号峰值的计时Tc和强度Pc，如果存在的话。最后，在步骤360结束之前，子程序304识别超过在基于时间Td的下降斜率上的阈值Th的触板1信号的计时。
在执行子程序304之后，在决策步骤306，程序300确定信号是否是稳定的，如果是，则在步骤308以稳定按压决策结束。如果信号是不稳定的，则程序300进行到决策步骤310，以确定是否有快速上升和下降，且如果是，则在步骤312以快速轻击决策结束。如果没有快速上升和下降，则程序300确定在决策步骤314中是否只有一个峰值。如果只有一个峰值，则程序300进行到决策步骤324，以确定时间Tbd是否大于(1+K)×Tab，且如果是，则在步骤332结束之前，在步骤326确定有从左到右的滑动。如果决策步骤324具有负的输出，则程序300进行到决策步骤328，以确定时间Tbd是否大于(1+K)xTab，且如果是，则确定时间Tab比指示触板上的从右到左的运动的时间Tbd更长，且然后在步骤332结束。
如果决策步骤314确定有多个峰，则程序300进行到决策步骤316，以确定第一峰信号值Pb是否大于(1+K)xPc，且如果是，则在步骤318确定第一峰Pb大于指示从上到下的滑动的第二峰Pc，且然后在步骤332结束。否则，决策步骤320确定第二峰是否大于(1+K)xPb，且如果是，则在步骤322确定第二峰Pc大于指示从下到上的滑动的第一峰Pb，且然后在步骤332结束。
应当理解的是，可以对上述结构做出变化和修改而不脱离本发明的概念，且进一步应当理解的是，这样的概念旨在通过以下权利要求覆盖，除非这些权利要求通过文字另有明确说明。
Claims (20)
1.一种接近开关总成，其包含：
接近传感器，包含包括第一指状元件的第一电极和包括第二指状元件的第二电极，其中所述第一指状元件和所述第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿第一方向在它们之间的可变的间隔；以及
控制电路，响应于所述接近传感器的用户激活而处理信号且确定在所述第一方向上的所述传感器的滑动激活。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关总成，其中所述第一指状元件以不同的角度向外延伸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关总成，其中多个所述第一指状元件和多个所述第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿所述第一方向的可变的密度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关总成，其中所述控制电路进一步确定在第二方向上的所述传感器的滑动激活。
5.根据权利要求4所述的接近开关总成，其中所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
6.根据权利要求5所述的接近开关总成，进一步包含第三电极，所述第三电极包含与所述第一电极的多个所述第一指状元件中的一些互相交叉的多个第三指状元件，其中所述第二电极和所述第三电极被处理以确定在所述第二方向上的滑动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的接近开关总成，其中所述控制电路进一步确定沿所述第一方向和所述第二方向之间的第三方向的滑动激活。
8.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关总成，其中所述控制电路进一步根据所述已处理的信号来确定轻击激活。
9.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关总成，进一步包含控制电路，所述控制电路监控与所述接近传感器相关的激活场并且根据所述信号相对于峰值的上升和下降来确定所述接近开关的激活。
10.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关总成，其中所述接近开关总成包含电容开关，所述电容开关包含一个或多个电容传感器。
11.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关总成，其中所述总成安装在车辆上。
12.一种接近开关总成，其包含：
接近传感器，包含包括第一指状元件的第一电极和包括第二指状元件的第二电极，其中所述第一指状元件和所述第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿第一方向的可变的密度；以及
控制电路，响应于所述接近传感器的用户激活而处理信号且确定在所述第一方向上的所述传感器的滑动激活。
13.根据权利要求12所述的接近开关总成，其中所述第一指状元件以不同的角度向外延伸。
14.根据权利要求12所述的接近开关总成，其中所述第一指状元件和所述第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿第一方向在它们之间的可变的间隔。
15.根据权利要求12所述的接近开关总成，其中所述控制电路进一步确定在第二方向上的所述传感器的滑动激活。
16.根据权利要求15所述的接近开关总成，其中所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
17.根据权利要求16所述的接近开关总成，进一步包含第三电极，所述第三电极包含与所述第一电极的多个所述第一指状元件中的一些互相交叉的多个第三指状元件，其中所述第二电极和所述第三电极被处理以确定在所述第二方向上的滑动。
18.根据权利要求17所述的接近开关总成，其中所述控制电路进一步确定沿所述第一方向和所述第二方向之间的第三方向的滑动激活。
19.根据权利要求12所述的接近开关总成，进一步包含控制电路，所述控制电路监控与所述接近传感器相关的激活场且根据所述信号相对于峰值的上升和下降来确定所述接近开关的激活。
20.一种激活接近开关总成的方法，包含：
提供接近传感器，所述接近传感器包含包括第一指状元件的第一电极和包括第二指状元件的第二电极，使得所述第一指状元件和所述第二指状元件互相交叉，具有沿第一方向的可变的密度；
响应于所述接近传感器的用户激活来处理信号；以及
根据所述已处理的信号来确定在所述第一方向上的所述接近传感器的滑动激活。
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102015117564A1 (de) | 2016-04-21 |
| US20160112044A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
| CN105530007B (zh) | 2021-07-09 |
| RU2682091C2 (ru) | 2019-03-14 |
| MX2015014625A (es) | 2016-04-19 |
| BR102015026386A2 (pt) | 2017-05-02 |
| RU2015144814A (ru) | 2017-05-03 |
| RU2015144814A3 (zh) | 2019-01-09 |
| MX364319B (es) | 2019-04-22 |
| US10038443B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
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