CN103378839B - 具有适应性时间延迟的接近开关总成及方法 - Google Patents

具有适应性时间延迟的接近开关总成及方法 Download PDF

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CN103378839B
CN103378839B CN201310125327.7A CN201310125327A CN103378839B CN 103378839 B CN103378839 B CN 103378839B CN 201310125327 A CN201310125327 A CN 201310125327A CN 103378839 B CN103378839 B CN 103378839B
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switch
signal
close
time delay
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CN103378839A (zh
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彼得罗·布托洛
斯图尔特·C·萨尔特
康奈尔·路易斯·加德纳
托马斯·李·古德森
詹姆斯·斯图尔特·兰金
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945Proximity switches
    • H03K17/955Proximity switches using a capacitive detector

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Abstract

本发明提供一种接近开关总成以及用于检测接近开关开启的方法。该总成包括多个接近开关,每个接近开关提供感测开启场和处理每个接近开关的开启场以感测开启的控制电路。控制电路监控响应于开启场的信号,判定确定用于每个信号的信号振幅的变化率,并且基于控制电路生成适应性时间延迟。控制电路还检测信号的峰值振幅并且在紧接着峰值振幅检测的时间延迟终止届满之后判定开关开启。

Description

具有适应性时间延迟的接近开关总成及方法
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及开关,更具体地,涉及具有开关开启适应性判定的接近开关。
背景技术
机动车辆通常配备有各种用户可促动的开关,例如用于操作包括电动车窗、前照灯、挡风玻璃雨刮器、玻璃天窗或天窗、车内灯、广播和娱乐信息设备、以及各种其他设备的开关。通常,需要由使用者促动这些类型的开关,以开启或停止设备或者执行某种类型的控制功能。接近开关,例如电容开关,采用一个或者多个接近传感器生成感测开启场(senseactivation field),并感测指示使用者促动开关的开启场变化,其通常由使用者手指非常接近或者接触传感器引起。电容开关通常配置为根据对感测开启场与阈值的比较来检测用户促动开关。
开关总成经常采用多个相互非常接近的电容开关,并且通常需要使用者选择期望的单个电容开关来执行预期操作。在某些应用中,例如在汽车中的使用,由于驾驶者注意力分散,车辆的驾驶者查看开关的能力受限。在这些应用中,需要容许使用者探索开关总成以寻找特定按钮同时避免过早判定开关开启。因此,需要辨别使用者是打算开启开关、还是只是在专注于高优先级任务例如驾驶的同时探索特定的开关按钮、还是无意开启开关。因此,需要提供一种接近开关装置,其改善例如车辆驾驶者对接近开关的使用。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种用于检测接近开关开启的方法。该方法包括用接近传感器生成开启场的步骤,以及监控响应开启场的信号的步骤。该方法还包括基于监控的信号变化率生成适应性时间延迟的步骤。该方法还包括检测信号峰值振幅的步骤,以及在紧接着峰值振幅检测的时间延迟届满之后判定开关开启的步骤。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种检测接近开关开启的方法。该方法包括用与多个接近开关相关联的多个接近传感器生成开启场的步骤,以及监控响应每个开启场的信号的步骤。该方法还包括确定每个信号的信号振幅的变化率的步骤,以及基于变化率生成适应性时间延迟的步骤。该方法还包括检测信号的峰值振幅的步骤,以及在紧接着峰值振幅检测的时间延迟届满之后判定其中一个接近开关开启的步骤。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供一种接近开关总成。该接近开关总成包括多个接近开关,每个接近开关提供感测开启场。接近开关还包括处理每个接近开关的开启场以感测开启的控制电路。所述控制电路监控响应于开启场的信号,生成信号振幅的变化率,检测信号的峰值振幅,并且在紧接着峰值振幅检测的适应性时间延迟届满之后判定开关的开启。
本领域技术人员通过研究以下说明书、权利要求、以及附图将会理解并且认识到本发明的这些以及其他方面、目的、和特征。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1是具有顶置控制台的机动车辆乘客舱的透视图,该顶置控制台采用根据一实施例的接近开关总成;
图2是图1中示出的顶置控制台和接近开关总成的放大视图;
图3是通过图2中的III-III线取得的放大截面图,其示出了接近开关相对于使用者手指的排列;
图4是图3中示出的每个电容开关所采用的电容传感器的示意图;
图5是示出当用户将手指滑过开关总成时与电容传感器关联的三个信道(channel)的信号计数(signal count)的曲线图;
图6是示出根据一实施例的接近开关总成的框图;以及
图7是示出根据一实施例为判定接近开关开启提供适应性时间延迟的例程的流程图。
具体实施方式
按照规定,在此公开本发明的具体实施例;然而,应当理解,公开的实施例仅为本发明的示例,其可以实施为各种替代形式。附图不一定是具体设计;某些示意图可以放大或缩小以示出功能概况。因此,本发明公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制,而仅仅是作为教导本领域技术人员不同地使用本发明的典型基础。
参照图1和2,根据一实施例,车辆10内部总体上显示为具有乘客舱和开关总成20,开关总成20采用多个接近开关22,接近开关22具有适应性时间判定。车辆10总体上包括装配在车辆乘客舱顶部的车顶或天花板下侧的顶棚上的顶置控制台12,其总体上处在前排乘客座位区上方。根据一实施例,开关总成20具有在顶置控制台12上相互邻近安置的多个接近开关22。各种接近开关22可以控制若干车辆装置和功能中的任意一个,例如控制天窗或玻璃天窗16的运动、控制天窗遮阳板18的运动、控制一个或多个照明设备、例如内部地图/阅读灯和顶灯30的开启,以及控制各种其他装置和功能。然而,应当认识到,接近开关22可以位于车辆10的其他位置,例如位于仪表板、位于其他控制台例如中央控制台、结合到广播或信息娱乐系统、例如导航和/或音频显示器的触屏显示器14、或者根据不同的车辆应用位于车辆10内的其他位置。
根据一实施例,接近开关22在此表示和描述为电容开关。每个接近开关22包括至少一个接近传感器,接近传感器提供感测开启场,以感测使用者接触或者非常接近(例如1毫米之内)一个或者多个接近传感器,例如使用者手指擦过的动作。因此,在示例性实施例中每个接近开关22的感测开启场是电容电场,并且,对本领域技术人员应当显而易见的是,使用者的手指具有导电性和介电性能,其引起感测开启场中的变化和扰动。然而,本领域技术人员应当认识到,也可以使用另外或替代类型的接近传感器,例如但是不限于,感测传感器、光学传感器、温度传感器、电阻传感器等等、或者其组合。2009年4月9日的触摸传感器设计指南,10620D-AT42-04/09,中描述了示例性接近传感器,该参考文献的全部内容在此通过引用并入本发明。
图1和2示出的接近开关22每个都提供对车辆部件或装置的控制,或者提供指定的控制功能。一个或多个接近开关22可以专用于控制天窗或玻璃天窗16的运动,以便根据控制算法使玻璃天窗16向开启或者关闭方向移动、倾斜玻璃天窗、或者停止玻璃天窗的移动。一个或多个其他接近开关22可以专用于控制玻璃天窗遮阳板18在开启和关闭位置之间移动。玻璃天窗16和遮阳板18每个可以响应于相应的接近开关22的促动而被电动机促动。其他接近开关22可以专用于控制其他装置,例如开启内部地图/阅读灯30、关闭内部地图/阅读灯30、开启或关闭顶灯、解锁行李箱、开启后车门、或者消除门灯开关。其他通过接近开关22的控制可以包括促动车门电动窗上升或下降。通过本发明所描述的接近传感器22可以控制各种其他车辆控制器。
参照图3,其中示出了开关总成20使用过程中相对于使用者手指34的接近开关总成20的一部分,其具有3个彼此密切靠近的顺次排列的接近开关22的阵列。每个接近开关22包括一个或者多个用于生成感测开启场的接近传感器24。根据一实施例,可以通过将导电油墨印刷在聚合物顶置控制台12的上表面来形成每个接近传感器24。图4中示出了一个总体上具有驱动电极26和接收电极28的印刷油墨接近传感器24的实例,驱动电极26和接收电极28每个具有用于生成电容电场32的交叉指状元件。应当认识到,可以以其他方式制成每个接近传感器24,例如,根据另外的实施例,通过将预制的导电电路布线装配到基板上。驱动电极26接收以电压VI施加的方波驱动脉冲。接收电极28具有用于生成输出电压VO的输出。应当认识到,可以将电极26和28安置为各种其他结构,以生成如开启场32的电容电场。
在此处示出和描述的实施例中,向每个接近传感器24的驱动电极26施加方波脉冲电压输入VI,该方波脉冲具有足以将接收电极28充电为期望电压的充电脉冲周期。因此接收电极28用作测量电极。在示出的实施例中,相邻的接近开关22生成的相邻感测开启场32轻微重叠,然而,根据其他的实施例,可以不存在重叠。当使用者或者操作者,例如使用者的手指34,进入开启场32,接近开关总成20检测到手指34对开启场32造成的扰动,并且确定该扰动是否足以开启相应的接近开关22。通过处理与相应的信号信道(signal channel)关联的充电脉冲信号(charge pulse signal)来检测开启场32的扰动。当使用者的手指34接触两个开启场32时,接近开关总成20通过单独的信号信道检测两个接触到的开启场32的扰动。每个接近开关22具有其自身专用的生成充电脉冲计数的信号信道,如本发明所述地处理该充电脉冲计数。
参考图5,根据一示例,示出用于与多个接近开关22,例如图3所示的三个开关22,相关联的多个信号信道的示为Δ传感器计数(ΔSensor Count)的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化。传感器充电脉冲计数的变化是不存在任何手指或其他物体情况下的初始参考计数值与相应的传感器读数之间的差别。在该示例中,当使用者手指移动通过开关阵列时,使用者手指进入与三个接近开关中的每一个关联的开启场32,一般一次进入一个感测开启场,相邻的开启场32之间有重叠。信道1是与第一电容传感器24相关联的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化,信道2是与下一个相邻的电容传感器24相关联的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化,信道3是与第三电容传感器24相关联的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化。在公开的实施例中,接近传感器24是电容传感器。当用户的手指接触或靠近传感器24时,手指改变在相应传感器24处测得的电容。电容与非接触传感器垫寄生电容平行,因此,测量值作为补偿。用户或操作者引发的电容与用户的手指或其他部位的介电常数、暴露于电容垫的表面成比例,并且与用户肢体与开关按钮之间的距离成反比。根据一实施例,通过脉冲宽度调制(pulse widthmodulation,PWM)电子设备,使用一列电压脉冲激发每个传感器,直到将传感器充电至设定的电势。重复此循环,直到通过测量电容的电压达到预设电压。将使用者手指置于开关24的接触表面引入外部电容,该外部电容增加每个循环所传递的电荷量,从而减少测量电容达到预设电压所需的循环总数。因为该值是基于初始参考计数减去传感器读数,所以使用者手指引起传感器充电脉冲计数变化增加。
当用户的手部动作非常接近接近开关24时,接近开关总成20能够识别用户的手部动作,以辨别用户的意图是开启开关24,还是在专注于高优先级任务例如驾驶的同时探索特定的开关按钮,或者是与接近开关24的促动无关的任务的结果,例如调整后视镜。接近开关总成20可以在探索或搜索模式运行,该模式容许使用者通过将手指非常接近地经过开关来探索键盘或按钮而不引起开关的开启,直到使用者的意图确定。接近开关总成20有益地基于监控的信号的变化率生成适应性时间延迟,并且继峰值信号振幅检测之后时间延迟届满之后判定接近开关的开启。适应性时间延迟可以改变,使得当操作者快速移动手指时,快速进行开启判定,如果操作者较慢地移动手指时,开启的判定放慢。因此,在无意的开关开启减少的情况下,允许对接近开关总成20的探索。
当用户的手指34靠近开关24时,手指34进入与开关24相关联的开启场32,引起电容扰动,从而造成如图5所示的传感器计数增加。对于信道1中的信号,传感器计数随电容扰动增加而增加,直至在点38处检测到峰值。当用于信号信道1的传感器计数升高时,信号在点36处达到第一开启阈值。接近开关总成20确定用于信号在点36处从第一或开启阈值CA增加到在点38的第二或峰值阈值的适应性时间间隔,示为ΔT。之后,适应性时间ΔT作为时间延迟,用于在峰值振幅检测之后判定接近开关的开启。因此,当在点38处检测到峰值振幅时,在做出是否已经检测到接近开关开启的判定之前,计时器倒计时到0而届满。如果在适应性时间延迟届满之前信号降至计数阈值CT以下,检测到无开关开启。在图5所示的示例中,在峰值点38之后的适应性时间ΔT届满之前,信道1中的信号降至计数阈值CT以下。因此,检测到第一接近开关不开启。
所示与下一个邻接的开关相关联的信道2处的信号上升至大于第一信道的信号的阈值。所示第二信号信道在点38处上升至峰值。在这种情况下,由第二信道的信号从点36处的第一或开启阈值CA上升至点38处的第二或峰值阈值的时间生成适应性时间延迟ΔT。之后,用于第二信道的适应性时间延迟ΔT在点38处的峰值信号的检测之后用作届满时间。
在该示例中,第二信号从其在点38处的峰值下降到计数阈值CT以下,在此之后,与下一个邻接的接近开关相关联的第三信道的信号上升,并且成为最大振幅信号。由第三信道信号从点36处的第一或开启阈值CA上升至点38处的第二或峰值的时间点为第三信道生成适应性时间延迟ΔT。在判定第三信号信道是否具有超过计数阈值CT的振幅之前(这发生在点50处),允许适应性时间间隔ΔT届满。由于适应性时间间隔ΔT已经届满,并且第三信道超过计数阈值CT,因此,在点50处做出关于第三开关的开启的判定。
接近开关总成20允许用户通过延迟判定探索开关键盘,以基于适应性时间ΔT开启开关。在峰值信号检测后适应性时间ΔT届满之后,当用于最高信号信道的计数信号超过计数阈值CT时,接近开关总成20判定开关开启。如图所示,适应性时间间隔ΔT基于相应的接近开关的信号的上升斜率变化。因此,当用户较快地移动手指时,开启判定增加,当用户较慢地移动手指时,由于适应性时间延迟开启判定放慢。
为了做出明确的开关开启的判定,应当仅存在一个触发事件。为了提高耐用性,可以在峰值信号的判定中提供滞后。对于要识别为峰值振幅的峰值信号处读取的计数,在设定的时间内,信号必须小于峰值减去电子噪声水平之差,例如100ms。如果需要更具有响应的系统,该等待间隔可以从适应性时间间隔ΔT中扣除。另一方面,如果需要增强的耐用性,可以向适应性时间ΔT增加额外的延迟。增加的时间延迟可以取决于传感器之间的距离,并且根据一个示例可以为100ms,以提供增加的降噪。
参照图6,其根据一实施例示出了接近开关总成20。将多个接近传感器24示出为向控制器40,例如微控制器,提供输入。控制器40可以包括控制电路,例如微处理器42和存储器48。控制电路可以包括传感控制电路,传感控制电路处理每个传感器22的开启场,以按照适应性时间判定例程通过将开启场与阈值相比较来感测使用者开启相应的开关。应当认识到,其他模拟和/或数字控制电路也可以用于处理开启场,判定使用者开启,并且起动动作。根据一实施例,控制器40可以采用可用的QMatrix采集法(QMatrixacquisition method)。ATMEL采集法采用主机C/C++编译器和WinAVR调试程序简化开发和鹰眼实用程序的测试,鹰眼实用程序容许实时监控软件关键变量的内部状态以及收集数据日志用于后处理。
控制器40向一个或者多个装置提供输出信号,该一个或者多个装置配置为响应于接近开关的正确开启来执行专门动作。例如,一个或者多个装置可以包括具有使玻璃天窗面板在开启和关闭位置以及倾斜位置之间移动的电动机的玻璃天窗16、在开启和关闭位置之间移动的玻璃天窗遮阳板18、可以开启和关闭的照明设备30。可以控制其他设备,例如执行开启和关闭功能、音量控制、扫描的无线电设备、以及用于执行其他专用功能的其他类型设备。一个接近开关22可以专用于促动玻璃天窗关闭,另一接近开关22可以专用于促动玻璃天窗开启,另外的接近开关22可以专用于将玻璃天窗促动到倾斜位置,所有接近开关都会使电动机将玻璃天窗移动到所需位置。玻璃天窗遮阳板18可以响应于一个接近开关22而开启,并且可以响应于另一个接近开关22而关闭。
控制器40进一步示为具有耦合到微处理器(μP)42的模拟-数字(A/D)比较器(analog to digital(A/D)comparator)44。A/D比较器44接收来自每个接近开关22的电压输出VO,将模拟信号转换为数字信号,并且将数字信号提供给微处理器42。此外,控制器40包括耦合到微处理器42的脉冲计数器(pulse counter)46。脉冲计数器46对施加到每个接近传感器的每个驱动电极的充电信号脉冲进行计数,执行所需脉冲的计数以对电容器充电,直到电压输出VO达到预设电压,并将该计数提供到微处理器42。脉冲计数是相应的电容传感器的电容变化的指示。控制器40进一步示为与脉冲宽度调制驱动缓冲器(pulse widthmodulated drive buffer)60通信。控制器40向脉冲宽度调制驱动缓冲器60提供脉冲宽度调制信号,以生成方波脉冲序列VI,将其施加在每个接近开关的每个驱动电极上。控制器40处理储存在存储器中的控制例程100,以判定适应性时间间隔并且基于适应性时间间隔判定其中一个接近开关的开启。
参考图7,示出了根据一实施例的适应性时间判定控制例程100。例程100在步骤102处开始,并且前进至步骤104,寻找最大信号信道(MAX_CHANNEL)、所有信号信道总和的合计信道(SUM_CHANNEL)以及大于阈值的活动信道(ACTIVE_CHANNEL)的数量。接下来,在判定步骤106处,例程100判定开关启动(SWITCH_ACTIVE)是否等同于指示没有启动开关的无开关,若不是,前进至判定步骤108,判定最大信道(MAX_CHANNEL)是否小于启动阈值。如果最大信道小于启动阈值,则前进至步骤132之前在步骤110处设定开关启动(SWITCH_ACTIVE)等同于无开关。如果最大信道不小于启动阈值,则例程100前进至步骤132。
返回判定步骤106,如果开关启动(SWITCH_ACTIVE)等同于无开关,则例程100前进至判定步骤112,确定最大信道(MAX_CHANNEL)是否大于启动阈值,若不是,则前进至步骤132。如果最大信道(MAX_CHANNEL)大于启动阈值,则例程100前进至判定步骤114,确定是否存在新的最大信道,若是,则在步骤116处重设峰值到达标志并且重设对峰值的计时器。接着,在判定步骤118,例程100判定峰值到达标志(PEAK_REACHED_FLAG)是否设为等同于真,若不是,则前进至步骤120,判定是否已经达到峰值。如果已经达到峰值,则例程100前进至步骤122,设置峰值达到的标志为真,设置Delta_timeΔT等于从启动到峰值的时间,并且在前进至步骤124之前设置等于Delta_time的计时器。如果还没达到峰值,则例程100前进至步骤132。
返回步骤118,如果峰值达到标志设定为真,则例程100进行至判定步骤124,以判定计时器是否已经届满,若不是,在进行至步骤132之前进行至步骤126,以更新Delta_time。如果计时器已经届满,则例程100进行至判定步骤128,以判定活动信道(ACTIVE_CHANNEL)的数量是否等于1,若不是,进行至步骤132。如果信道数量等于1,例程100进行至步骤130开启开关,并且将开关活动(SWITCH_ACTIVE)设定为等于I_max_channel。此后,例程100前进至步骤132,在步骤134处结束前输出开关活动信号。
因此,适应性时间判定例程有益地判定用于判定接近开关的开启的适应性时间。该适应性时间有益地容许使用者探索接近开关小键盘,这在机动车辆应用中可能是特别有用的,可以避免驾驶者干扰。当用户的手指快速移过开关垫时,适应性时间延迟提供减少的延迟,当手指较慢移过开关垫时,适应性时间延迟提供增加的延迟。
应当理解到,可以对上述结构做出变化和修改而不脱离本发明的构思,进一步应当理解到,旨在通过以下权利要求包含该构思,除非这些权利要求通过文字另有明确说明。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于检测接近开关开启的方法,其特征在于,包含:
用接近传感器生成开启场;
监控响应于开启场的信号;
基于监控的信号的增加率生成适应性时间延迟;
检测信号的峰值振幅;以及
在紧接着峰值振幅检测的时间延迟届满之后判定开关的开启。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,生成适应性时间延迟的步骤包括确定信号从第一阈值增加至第二阈值的时间间隔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,第二阈值包括峰值振幅。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,适应性时间延迟还包括额外的延迟时间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,判定开启的步骤包括将监控的信号与阈值比较,以及时间延迟届满之后如果监控的信号超过阈值则判定开启。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,接近开关安装在车辆上供车辆中的乘员使用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,接近开关包括电容开关,所述电容开关包括一个或多个电容传感器。
8.一种用于检测接近开关开启的方法,其特征在于,包含:
用与多个接近开关关联的接近传感器生成开启场;
监控响应于每个开启场的信号;
确定用于每个信号的信号振幅的变化率;
基于增加率生成适应性时间延迟;
检测信号的峰值振幅;以及
在紧接着峰值振幅检测的时间延迟届满之后判定其中一个开关的开启。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,确定其中一个接近开关开启的步骤包括将监控的信号与阈值比较,以及时间延迟届满之后如果监控的信号超过阈值则判定开启。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,生成适应性时间的步骤包括确定信号从第一阈值增加至第二阈值的时间间隔。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,第二阈值包括峰值振幅。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,适应性时间延迟还包括额外的延迟时间。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,接近开关安装在车辆上供车辆中的乘员使用。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,接近开关包括电容开关,所述电容开关包括一个或多个电容传感器。
15.一种接近开关总成,其特征在于,包含:
多个接近开关,每个接近开关提供感测开启场;以及
处理每个接近开关的开启场以感测开启的控制电路,所述控制电路监控响应于开启场的信号,生成信号振幅的变化率,基于增加率生成适应性时间延迟,检测信号的峰值振幅,并且在紧接着峰值振幅检测的适应性时间延迟届满之后判定开关的开启。
16.根据权利要求15所述的开关总成,其特征在于,由用于信号从第一阈值增加至第二阈值的时间间隔生成适应性时间延迟。
17.根据权利要求16所述的开关总成,其特征在于,第二阈值包括峰值振幅。
18.根据权利要求15所述的开关总成,其特征在于,确定接近开关开启的步骤包括将监控的信号与阈值比较,以及时间延迟届满之后如果监控的信号超过阈值则判定开启。
19.根据权利要求15所述的开关总成,其特征在于,多个接近开关安装在车辆上供车辆中的乘员使用。
20.根据权利要求15所述的开关总成,其特征在于,多个接近开关包括多个电容开关,每个电容开关包括一个或多个电容传感器。
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