CN103378841B - 具有探索模式的接近开关总成及开启方法 - Google Patents
具有探索模式的接近开关总成及开启方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/94052—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated with evaluation of actuation pattern or sequence, e.g. tapping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
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Abstract
本发明提供一种接近开关总成和用于检测接近开关总成开启的方法。总成包括多个接近开关,其每个都具有提供感测开启场的接近传感器,以及控制电路,其处理每个接近开关的开启场以感测开启。控制电路监控对开启场响应的信号,确定生成信号的差分变化,并且进一步在差分信号超出阈值时生成开启输出。控制电路进一步从多个开关的探索区分开启,并且可以在检测到稳定信号时判定开启。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及开关,更具体地,涉及具有增强的开关开启判定的接近开关。
背景技术
机动车辆通常配备有各种用户可促动的开关,例如用于操作包括电动车窗、前照灯、挡风玻璃雨刮器、玻璃天窗或天窗、车内灯、广播和娱乐信息设备、以及各种其他设备的开关。通常,需要由使用者促动这些类型的开关,以开启或停止设备或者执行某种类型的控制功能。接近开关,例如电容开关,采用一个或者多个接近传感器生成感测开启场(senseactivation field),并感测指示使用者促动开关的开启场变化,其通常由使用者手指非常接近或者接触传感器引起。电容开关通常配置为根据对感测开启场与阈值的比较来检测用户促动开关。
开关总成经常采用多个相互非常接近的电容开关,并且通常需要使用者选择期望的单个电容开关来执行预期操作。在某些应用中,例如在汽车中的使用,由于驾驶者注意力分散,车辆的驾驶者查看开关的能力受限。在这些应用中,需要容许使用者探索开关总成以寻找特定按钮同时避免过早判定开关开启。因此,需要辨别使用者是打算开启开关、还是只是在专注于高优先级任务例如驾驶的同时探索特定的开关按钮、还是无意开启开关。因此,需要提供一种接近开关装置,其改善例如车辆驾驶者对接近开关的使用。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种选择接近开关的方法。本方法包含用多个接近传感器生成多个开启场的步骤以及监控指示开启场的信号的步骤。本方法还包含在探索模式下检测物体相对于传感器滑动的步骤以及检测最大信号的步骤。本方法进一步包含当最大信号具有稳定振幅时生成开启输出的步骤。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种选择接近开关的方法。本方法包含用多个接近传感器生成多个开启场的步骤,以及监控指示开启场的信号的步骤。本方法还包括根据多个信号检测使用者手指的滑动的步骤以及进入探索模式的步骤。本方法还包括在探索模式中阻止轻敲开关开启的步骤,以及检测最大信号的步骤。本方法进一步包含当最大信号具有稳定振幅时生成开启输出的步骤。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种接近开关总成。该接近开关总成包含每个都提供感测开启场的多个接近开关。该接近开关进一步包含处理每个接近开关的开启场以感测开启的控制电路。该控制电路监控指示开启场的信号,在探索模式下检测物体相对于开关的滑动,检测最大信号,并且当最大信号具有稳定振幅时生成开启输出。
本领域技术人员通过研究以下说明书、权利要求、以及附图将会理解并且认识到本发明的这些以及其他方面、目的、和特征。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1是具有顶置控制台的机动车辆乘客舱的透视图,该顶置控制台采用根据一实施例的接近开关总成;
图2是图1中示出的顶置控制台和接近开关总成的放大视图;
图3是通过图2中的III-III线取得的放大截面图,其示出了接近开关相对于使用者手指的排列;
图4是图3中示出的每个电容开关所采用的电容传感器的示意图;
图5是示出根据一实施例的接近开关总成的框图;
图6是示出与电容传感器关联的一个信道(channel)的信号计数(signal count)的曲线图,其示出了开启运动曲线;
图7是示出与电容传感器关联的两个信道的信号计数的曲线图,其示出了滑动探索/搜索运动曲线;
图8是示出与电容传感器关联的信号通道的信号计数的曲线图,其示出了缓慢开启运动曲线;
图9是示出与电容传感器关联的两个信道的信号计数的曲线图,其示出了快速滑动探索/搜索运动曲线;
图10是示出根据一实施例与处于探索/搜索模式的电容传感器关联的三个信道的信号计数的曲线图,其示出了在峰值时的稳定按压开启;
图11是示出根据另一实施例与处于探索/搜索模式的电容传感器关联的三个信道的信号计数的曲线图,其示出了在信号下降到低于峰值时的稳定按压开启;
图12是示出根据另一实施例与处于探索/搜索模式的电容传感器关联的三个信道的信号计数的曲线图,其示出了小键盘(pad)上的增加的稳定压力以开启开关;
图13是示出根据另一实施例与处于探索模式的电容传感器关联的三个信道的信号计数的曲线图,其根据增加的稳定压力选择小键盘;
图14是示出根据一实施例用状态机(state machine)实施的电容开关总成的五种状态的状态图;
图15是示出根据一实施例的执行开启开关总成的开关的方法的例程的流程图;
图16是示出开关开启和开关释放处理的流程图;
图17是示出在无开关开启(switch none)和开关开启(switch active)状态之间转换的逻辑的流程图;
图18是示出从开关开启状态向无开关开启状态或开关阈值状态转换的逻辑的流程图;
图19是示出在开关阈值与开关搜索状态之间转换的例程的流程图;
图20是示出实施开关搜索状态的虚拟按钮方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
按照规定,在此公开本发明的具体实施例;然而,应当理解,公开的实施例仅为本发明的示例,其可以实施为各种替代形式。附图不一定是具体设计;某些示意图可以放大或缩小以示出功能概况。因此,本发明公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制,而仅仅是作为教导本领域技术人员不同地使用本发明的典型基础。
参照图1和2,根据一实施例,车辆10内部总体上显示为具有乘客舱和开关总成20,开关总成20采用多个接近开关22,接近开关22具有开关开启监控和判定。车辆10总体上包括装配在车辆乘客舱顶部的车顶或天花板下侧的顶棚上的顶置控制台12,其总体上处在前排乘客座位区上方。根据一实施例,开关总成20具有在顶置控制台12上相互邻近安置的多个接近开关22。各种接近开关22可以控制若干车辆装置和功能中的任意一个,例如控制天窗或玻璃天窗16的运动、控制天窗遮阳板18的运动、控制一个或多个照明设备、例如内部地图/阅读灯和顶灯30的开启,以及控制各种其他装置和功能。然而,应当认识到,接近开关22可以位于车辆10的其他位置,例如位于仪表板、位于其他控制台例如中央控制台、结合到广播或信息娱乐系统、例如导航和/或音频显示器的触屏显示器14、或者根据不同的车辆应用位于车辆10内的其他位置。
根据一实施例,接近开关22在此表示和描述为电容开关。每个接近开关22包括至少一个接近传感器,接近传感器提供感测开启场,以感测使用者接触或者非常接近(例如1毫米之内)一个或者多个接近传感器,例如使用者手指擦过的动作。因此,在示例性实施例中每个接近开关22的感测开启场是电容电场,并且,对本领域技术人员应当显而易见的是,使用者的手指具有导电性和介电性能,其引起感测开启场中的变化和扰动。然而,本领域技术人员应当认识到,也可以使用另外或替代类型的接近传感器,例如但是不限于,感应传感器、光学传感器、温度传感器、电阻传感器等等、或者其组合。2009年4月9日的触摸传感器设计指南,10620D-AT42-04/09,中描述了示例性接近传感器,该参考文献的全部内容在此通过引用并入本发明。
图1和2示出的接近开关22每个都提供对车辆部件或装置的控制,或者提供指定的控制功能。一个或多个接近开关22可以专用于控制天窗或玻璃天窗16的运动,以便根据控制算法使玻璃天窗16向开启或者关闭方向移动、倾斜玻璃天窗、或者停止玻璃天窗的移动。一个或多个其他接近开关22可以专用于控制玻璃天窗遮阳板18在开启和关闭位置之间移动。玻璃天窗16和遮阳板18每个可以响应于相应的接近开关22的促动而被电动机促动。其他接近开关22可以专用于控制其他装置,例如开启内部地图/阅读灯30、关闭内部地图/阅读灯30、开启或关闭顶灯、解锁行李箱、开启后车门、或者消除门灯开关。其他通过接近开关22的控制可以包括促动车门电动窗上升或下降。通过本发明所描述的接近传感器22可以控制各种其他车辆控制器。
参照图3,其中示出了开关总成20使用过程中相对于使用者手指34的接近开关总成20的一部分,其具有3个彼此密切靠近的顺次排列的接近开关22的阵列。每个接近开关22包括一个或者多个用于生成感测开启场的接近传感器24。根据一实施例,可以通过将导电油墨印刷在聚合物顶置控制台12的上表面来形成每个接近传感器24。图4中示出了一个总体上具有驱动电极26和接收电极28的印刷油墨接近传感器24的实例,驱动电极26和接收电极28每个具有用于生成电容电场32的交叉指状元件。应当认识到,可以以其他方式制成每个接近传感器24,例如,根据另外的实施例,通过将预制的导电电路布线装配到基板上。驱动电极26接收以电压VI施加的方波驱动脉冲。接收电极28具有用于生成输出电压VO的输出。应当认识到,可以将电极26和28安置为各种其他结构,以生成如开启场32的电容电场。
在此处示出和描述的实施例中,向每个接近传感器24的驱动电极26施加方波脉冲电压输入VI,该方波脉冲具有足以将接收电极28充电为期望电压的充电脉冲周期。因此接收电极28用作测量电极。在示出的实施例中,相邻的接近开关22生成的相邻感测开启场32轻微重叠,然而,根据其他的实施例,可以不存在重叠。当使用者或者操作者,例如使用者的手指34,进入开启场32,接近开关总成20检测到手指34对开启场32造成的扰动,并且确定该扰动是否足以开启相应的接近开关22。通过处理与相应的信号信道(signal channel)关联的充电脉冲信号(charge pulse signal)来检测开启场32的扰动。当使用者的手指34接触两个开启场32时,接近开关总成20通过单独的信号信道检测两个接触到的开启场32的扰动。每个接近开关22具有其自身专用的生成充电脉冲计数的信号信道,如本发明所述地处理该充电脉冲计数。
参照图5,其根据一实施例示出了接近开关总成20。将多个接近传感器24示出为向控制器40,例如微控制器,提供输入。控制器40可以包括控制电路,例如微处理器42和存储器48。控制电路可以包括传感控制电路,传感控制电路处理每个传感器22的开启场,以按照一个或者多个控制例程通过将开启场信号与一个或多个阈值相比较来感测使用者开启相应的开关。应当认识到,其他模拟和/或数字控制电路也可以用于处理每个开启场,判定使用者开启,并且起动动作。根据一实施例,控制器40可以采用可用的QMatrix采集法(QMatrix acquisition method)。ATMEL采集法采用主机C/C++编译器和WinAVR调试程序简化开发和鹰眼实用程序的测试,鹰眼实用程序容许实时监控软件关键变量的内部状态以及收集数据日志用于后处理。
控制器40向一个或者多个装置提供输出信号,该一个或者多个装置配置为响应于接近开关的正确开启来执行专门动作。例如,一个或者多个装置可以包括具有使玻璃天窗面板在开启和关闭位置以及倾斜位置之间移动的电动机的玻璃天窗16、在开启和关闭位置之间移动的玻璃天窗遮阳板18、可以开启和关闭的照明设备30。可以控制其他设备,例如执行开启和关闭功能、音量控制、扫描的无线电设备、以及用于执行其他专用功能的其他类型设备。一个接近开关22可以专用于促动玻璃天窗关闭,另一接近开关22可以专用于促动玻璃天窗开启,另外的接近开关22可以专用于将玻璃天窗促动到倾斜位置,所有接近开关都会使电动机将玻璃天窗移动到所需位置。玻璃天窗遮阳板18可以响应于一个接近开关22而开启,并且可以响应于另一个接近开关22而关闭。
控制器40进一步示为具有耦合到微处理器(μP)42的模拟-数字(A/D)比较器(analog to digital(A/D)comparator)44。A/D比较器44接收来自每个接近开关22的电压输出VO,将模拟信号转换为数字信号,并且将数字信号提供给微处理器42。此外,控制器40包括耦合到微处理器42的脉冲计数器(pulse counter)46。脉冲计数器46对施加到每个接近传感器的每个驱动电极的充电信号脉冲进行计数,执行所需脉冲的计数以对电容器充电,直到电压输出VO达到预设电压,并将该计数提供到微处理器42。脉冲计数是相应的电容传感器的电容变化的指示。控制器40进一步示为与脉冲宽度调制驱动缓冲器(pulse widthmodulated drive buffer)15通信。控制器40向脉冲宽度调制驱动缓冲器15提供脉冲宽度调制信号(pulse width modulated signal),以生成施加到每个接近传感器/开关22的每个驱动电极的方波脉冲序列VI。控制器40处理存储在存储器中的控制例程100,以监控并作出开启其中一个接近开关的判定。
在图6-13中,根据各种实例示出了与多个接近开关22,例如图3中示出的三个开关22,关联的多个信号信道的传感器充电脉冲计数变化,示为Δ传感器计数(ΔSensorCount)。传感器充电脉冲计数的变化是无任何手指或其他物体出现在开启场中时的初始参考计数值与相应传感器读数之间的差值。在这些实例中,当使用者手指移动通过开关阵列时,使用者手指进入与三个接近开关中的每一个关联的开启场32,一般一次进入一个感测开启场,相邻的开启场32之间有重叠。信道1是与第一电容传感器24关联的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化(Δ),信道2是与相邻的第二电容传感器24关联的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化,信道3是与邻近第二电容传感器的第三电容传感器24关联的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化。在公开的实施例中,接近传感器24是电容传感器。当使用者手指接触或者非常接近传感器24时,手指改变相应传感器24上测量的电容。电容平行于未接触的传感器小键盘寄生电容(sensor pad parasitic capacitance),并且因此,测量值作为偏移量。使用者或者操作者感应的电容与使用者手指或者其他身体部分的介电常数、暴露于电容小键盘的表面成正比,并且与使用者肢体与开关按钮的距离成反比。根据一实施例,通过脉冲宽度调制(pulsewidth modulation,PWM)电子设备,使用一列电压脉冲激发每个传感器,直到将传感器充电至设定的电势。这种采集方法将接收电极28充电至已知电势。重复此循环,直到通过测量电容的电压达到预设电压。将使用者手指置于开关24的接触表面引入外部电容,该外部电容增加每个循环所传递的电荷量,从而减少测量电容达到预设电压所需的循环总数。因为该值是基于初始参考计数减去传感器读数,所以使用者手指引起传感器充电脉冲计数变化增加。
当手,尤其是手指,非常靠近接近传感器22时,接近开关总成20能够识别使用者的手部移动,以分辨使用者的意图是开启开关22,还是在专注于高优先级任务例如驾驶的同时时探索特定的开关按钮,或者是与接近开关22的促动无关的任务的结果,例如调整后视镜。接近开关总成20可以在探索或搜索模式运行,该模式容许使用者通过将手指非常接近地经过或划过开关来探索键盘或按钮而不引起开关的开启,直到使用者的意图确定。接近开关总成20监控响应于开启场而生成的信号的振幅,确定生成信号的差分变化,并且当差分信号超出阈值时生成开启输出。因此,容许对接近开关总成20的探索,这样,使用者可以使用其手指自由地探索开关界面小键盘而不会无意触发事件,界面的响应时间迅速,当手指接触表面面板时发生开启,防止或者减少了开关的无意开启。
参照图6,当使用者手指34接近与信号信道1关联的开关22时,手指34进入与传感器24关联的开启场32,这引起电容的扰动,从而引起传感器计数增加,如具有典型开启运动曲线的信号50A所示。根据一实施例,可以使用入口斜坡斜率法确定操作者是否打算按下按钮或者探索界面,其基于信道1的信号50A的入口斜坡的斜率,即信号50A穿过活动电平(LVL_ACTIVE)计数的点52上升到信号50A穿过阈值电平(LVL_THRESHOLD)计数的点54之间的斜率。入口斜坡的斜率是点52与54之间的生成的信号的差分变化,其发生在时间tth和tac之间的时间间隔中。因为通常只有当检测到手套存在时计数器阈值电平—活动电平才变化,否则为常数,所以斜率刚好可以计算为从活动电平达到阈值电平所经过的时间,简称tactive2threshold,其为时间tth和tac之间的差值。直接推动开关小键盘通常发生在约40到60毫秒范围内的时间间隔内,称为tdirectpush。如果时间tactive2threshold少于或者等于直接推动时间tdirectpush,那么判定发生开关开启。否则,判定开关处于探索模式。
根据另一实施例,入口斜坡的斜率可以计算为点52处的时间tac与达到点56处峰值计数值的时间tpk的时间差值,称为tactive2peak。时间tactive2peak可以与简称为tdirect_push_pk的直接推动峰值相比较,根据一实施例,tdirect_push_pk可以具有100毫秒的值。如果时间tactive2peak少于或者等于tdirect_push_pk,判定发生开关开启。否则,开关总成以探索模式工作。
在图6所示出的实例中,显示信道1信号在电容扰动增加时增强,迅速从点52处上升到点56处的峰值。接近开关组件20将入口斜坡斜率判定为信号从第一阈值点52上升到点54处的第二阈值或者点56处的峰值阈值的时间间隔tactive2threshold或者tactive2peak。然后将生成信号的斜率或者差分变化用于与典型直接推动阈值tdirect_push或tdirect_push_pk比较,以判定接近开关的开启。具体地,当时间tactive2peak小于tdirect_push或者tactive2threshold小于tdirect_push时,判定开关开启。否则,开关总成保持在探索模式。
参考图7,经过两个开关滑动/探索运动的一个实例示为手指通过或者划过两个相邻的接近传感器的开启场,其示为标记为50A的信号信道1和标记为50B的信号信道2。当使用者手指接近第一开关时,手指进入与第一开关传感器关联的开启场,引起信号50A的传感器计数变化以较慢速度上升,如此,判定生成信号的差分变化减小。在此实例中,信号信道1的曲线在不小于或者等于tdirect_push的时间tactive2peak经历了变化,从而导致进入搜索或探索模式。根据一实施例,因为tactive2threshold是生成信号的缓慢差分变化的指示,所以不起动开关按钮的开启。根据另一实施例,因为时间tactive2peak不少于或者等于tdirect_push_pk,指示生成信号的缓慢差分变化,所以不起动开启。标记为50B的第二信号信道显示为在过渡点58处成为最大信号,并且,其Δ传感器计数有上升的变化,且信号的差分变化类似于信号50A。因此,第一和第二信道50A和50B反映手指在探索模式中经过两个电容传感器的滑动动作,结果是不开启任何一个开关。在接近开关的电容电平达到信号峰值时,使用时间间隔tactive2threshold或tactive2peak,可以做出开启或者不开启接近开关的判定。
对于如图8所示的缓慢直接推动动作,可以采用额外处理以确保无意开启。如图8中可以看出,标示为信号50A的信号信道1显示为在时间间隔tactive2threshold或tactive2peak都更加缓慢地上升,这将导致进入探索模式。当检测到这种滑动/探索状态,时间tactive2threshold大于tdirect_push,如果信道失效,其条件是第一信号信道进入探索模式,并且在其电容下降到低于点60处的LVL_KEYUP_Threshold时,其仍然为最大信道(具有最高强度的信道),则起动开关开启。
参照图9,其示出了使用者手指经过接近开关总成的快速动作,并且无开关开启。在此实例中,对于分别由线50A和50B表示的两个信道1和2,检测到信道1和2的生成信号的相对大的差分变化。开关总成采用延迟时间间隔来推迟开启判定,直到第二信号信道50B上升到高于第一信号信道50A处的过渡点58。根据一实施例,可以将时间延迟设定为等于时间阈值tdirect_push_pk。因此,通过在判定开关开启之前采用延迟时间间隔,接近键盘非常快的探索防止了开关的无意开启。在响应中引入时间延迟可以使界面较不敏感,并且在操作者手指运动实质上均匀时可以更好地工作。
根据一实施例,如果最近检测到之前的未导致开启的阈值事件,则可以自动地进入探索模式。因此,一旦检测并拒绝了无意促动,在探索模式的一段时间内可以更加谨慎。
另一种容许操作者进入探索模式的方式是,使用开关面板表面上的一个或者多个适当标记和/或有纹理的区域或小键盘,其与专用的接近开关关联,该专用的接近开关具有向接近开关总成发送操作者盲目探索意图信号的功能。一个或多个探索预定小键盘可以位于易于接触到并且不大可能产生其他信号信道活动的位置。根据另一实施例,可以采用围绕整个开关界面的未标记的更大探索预定小键盘。当操作者的手划过顶置控制台上的饰边寻找标志物并从该标志物开始对接近开关总成的盲目探索时,很可能会首先触碰到这种探索小键盘。
一旦接近传感器总成判定传感器计数变化的增加是开关开启或者是探索动作的结果,总成继续判定是否应当终止以及如何终止探索动作或者接近开关未开启。根据一个实施例,接近开关总成搜寻对开关按钮最少达到预设的时间量的稳定按压。在一个特定的实施例中,预设的时间量等于或者大于50毫秒,更优选为约80毫秒。图10-13中示出了采用稳定时间法的开关总成操作的实例。
参照图10,示出了对三个接近开关的探索,其对应于分别标记为信号50A-50C的信号信道1-3,手指在探索模式中滑动经过第一和第二开关,然后开启与信号信道3关联的第三开关。当手指探索与信道1和2关联的第一和第二开关时,由于线50A和50B无稳定信号,判定不开启。信道1的线50A的信号以最大信号值开始,直到线50B的信道2成为最大值,并且最后信道3成为最大值。显示信号信道3在峰值附近具有例如80毫秒的足够长时间间隔的传感器计数的稳定变化,该时间足以起动相应接近开关的开启。当已经满足电平阈值激发条件并且已经达到峰值时,稳定电平法在开关电平被限定在一个狭窄范围内至少时间间隔tstable之后开启开关。这容许操作者探索不同的接近开关,并且,一旦发现使用者手指保持在靠近开关的位置一个稳定时间间隔tstable之后,开启期望的开关。
参照图11,其示出了稳定电平法的另一实施例,其中,线50C的第三信号信道具有在信号下降中具有稳定状态的传感器计数变化。在此实例中,第三信道的传感器计数变化超出阈值电平,并且具有检测到时间间隔tstable的稳定按压,因此判定第三开关开启。
如图12和13所示,根据另一实施例,接近开关总成可以采用虚拟按钮法,其搜寻探索模式中传感器计数变化的初始峰值,在该初始峰值后跟随着传感器计数变化的额外持续上升,以此判定开关开启。在图12中,线50C的第三信号信道上升到初始峰值,然后进一步上升传感器计数变化Cvb。这等同于使用者手指划过开关总成时轻轻擦到开关总成表面,接触到期望的按钮,然后在虚拟机械开关上按下,这样,使用者手指按在开关接触表面上,并且增加使用者手指靠近开关的体积量。当指尖挤压在小键盘表面时,增加的指尖表面引起电容的增加。电容增加可能在检测到图12中所示的峰值之后立刻发生,或者可以如图13所示地在传感器计数变化下降之后发生。接近开关总成检测初始峰值,该初始峰值后跟随着处于稳定电平或稳定时间间隔tstable的传感器计数进一步上升的变化,表示为电容Cvb。检测的稳定电平总体上意味着无传感器计数值无噪声(sensor count value absent noise)的变化,或者小的传感器计数值无噪声的变化,其可以在校准中预先设定。
应当认识到,较短的时间间隔tstable可能导致意外开启,尤其是在手指运动方向反转之后,并且较长的时间间隔tstable会导致较不敏感的界面。
还应当认识到,可以同时使用稳定值法和虚拟按钮法。在这种情况下,由于操作者可以始终用虚拟按钮法开启按钮而不必等待稳定推按时间结束,因此可以将稳定时间tstable放宽至更长,例如1秒。
接近开关总成可以进一步采用加强噪声抑制(robust noise rejection)来防止扰人的意外促动。例如,利用顶置控制台,应当避免意外打开和关闭玻璃天窗。过多的噪声抑制最终可能会拒绝有意的开启,这应当避免。一种抑制噪声的方法是检查是否多个相邻信道同时报告开启事件,如果是,则选择具有最高信号的信号信道并且开启它,从而忽略所有其他信号信道直到释放选择的信号信道。
接近开关总成20可以包括特征噪声抑制法(signature noise rejectionmethod),其基于两个参数,即特征参数(signature parameter),其是最高强度信道(max_channel)与整体累积电平(sum_channel)的比值,以及dac参数,其是与max_channel最少成一定比例的信道的数目。在一个实施例中,dacαdac=0.5。特征参数可以由以下方程定义:
dac参数可以由以下方程定义:
根据dac,对于未被拒绝的识别开启,通常必须清空信道,即特征参数必须高于预定义的阈值。在一实施例中,αdac=1=0.4并且αdac=2=0.67。根据一实施例,如果dac大于2,则拒绝开启。
当在曲线的下降阶段做出开启或者不开启开关的判定时,可使用其峰值peak_max_channel及peak_sum_channel来替代max_channel及sum_channel用于计算特征参数。特征参数可以为以下方程:
噪声抑制引起可能采用搜索模式。当由于不清晰的特征参数而拒绝检测到的开启时,应当自动使用搜索或者探索模式。这样,在盲目探索时,使用者可以使用所有伸直手指触碰,以期建立参考系,由此开始搜索。这可以同时激发多个信道,因而导致较差的特征参数。
参考图14,根据一实施例,示出了一种状态机实施方式中的接近开关20的状态图。状态机的实施方式显示为具有五种状态,包括SW_NONE状态70,SW_ACTIVE状态72,SW_THRESHOLD状态74,SW_HUNTING状态76以及SWITCH_ACTIVATED状态78。SW_NONE状态70是未检测到传感器活动的状态。SW_ACTIVE状态是传感器检测到某些活动、但在此时间点上不足以引起开关开启的状态。SW_THRESHOLD状态是传感器确定的活动高到足以保证开关总成的开启、搜索/探索、或者偶然动作。当开关总成确定的活动模式与探索/搜索交互作用相一致时,进入SW_HUNTING状态76。SWITCH_ACTIVATED状态78是已经确认开关开启的状态。在SWITCH_ACTIVATED状态78,开关按钮将保持开启,不再能够进行其他选择,直到释放相应的开关。
接近开关总成20的状态取决于感测信号的检测和处理而改变。当处于SW_NONE状态70时,在一个或者多个传感器检测到某些活动时,系统20可以前进到SW_ACTIVE状态72。如果检测到足以保证开启、搜索或者偶然动作的活动,系统20可以直接进入SW_THRESHOLD状态74。当处于SW_THRESHOLD状态74时,系统20在检测到指示探索的模式时可以进入SW_HUNTING状态76,或者系统20可以直接进入SWITCH_ACTIVATED状态78。在SW_HUNTING状态下开启开关时,可以检测到开关开启以变到SWITCH_ACTIVATED状态78。如果信号被拒绝并且检测到意外动作时,系统20可以返回到SW_NONE状态70。
参考图15,其示出了根据一实施例监控和判定何时使用接近开关装置生成开启输出的主方法100。方法100开始于步骤102,然后前进到步骤104执行初始校准,初始校准可以进行一次。在步骤106,通过从原始数据中减去参考值,由原始信道数据与校准参考值计算出校准的信号信道值。然后,在步骤108,从所有信号信道传感器读数计算出称为max_channel的最高计数值以及称为sum_channel的所有信道传感器读数的总和。此外,确定活动信道数目。在步骤110,方法100计算出max_channel和sum_channel的最近范围,以在随后判定动作是否在进行中。
步骤110之后,方法100前进到判定步骤112,以判定是否有任何开关活动。如果无开关活动,方法100前进到步骤114,以执行在线实时校准。否则,方法116在步骤116处理开关释放。因此,如果开关已经开启,那么方法100前进到一模块,在此等待并锁定所有活动直到其释放。
实时校准之后,方法100前进到判定步骤118,以判定是否有任何指示最近开启的信道锁定,如果是,则前进到步骤120以降低信道锁定计时器(channel lockout timer)。如果未检测到信道锁定,方法100前进到判定步骤122以寻找新的max_channel。如果当前max_channel已经改变,这样就有新的max_channel,则方法100前进到步骤124以重新设置max_channel、计算范围的总和、并且设定阈值电平。因此,如果确定新的max_channel,方法重新设置最近的信号范围,并且,如需要,更新搜索/探索参数。如果switch_status(开关状态)小于SW_ACTIVE,则将搜索/探索标志(hunting/exploration flag)设定为等于true(真值)(hunting/exploration_on=true),并且,将开关状态设置为等于SW_NONE。如果当前max_channel未改变,则方法100前进到步骤126以处理max_channel赤裸(无手套)手指状态。这可以包括处理不同状态之间的逻辑,如图14的状态图中所示。
步骤126之后,方法100前进到判定步骤128,以判定是否有任何开关活动。如果未检测到开关开启,方法100前进到步骤130,检测用户手上可能的手套存在。可以根据电容计数值减少的变化来检测手套的存在。然后方法100前进到步骤132,以更新max_channel和sum_channel的既往史。然后,在步骤136处终止之前,在步骤134将活动开关指数(index ofthe active switch),如果有的话,输出到软件硬件模块。
当开关被开启时,则开启图16中示出的处理开关释放例程。处理开关释放例程116开始于步骤140,然后前进到判定步骤142以判定活动信道是否少于LVL_RELEASE,如果是,在步骤152结束。如果活动信道少于LVL_RELEASE,则例程116前进到判定步骤144,以判定LVL_DELTA_THRESHOLD是否大于0,如为否,若信号较强,则前进到步骤146提高阈值电平。这可以通过降低LVL_DELTA_THRESHOLD来实现。步骤146还设置阈值、释放电平和活动电平。然后例程116前进到步骤148,重新设置用于长期稳定信号搜索/探索参数的信道最大及总和历史定时器。在步骤152处终止之前,在步骤150将开关状态设置为等于SW_NONE。为了退出处理开关释放模块,活动信道的信号必须降到LVL_RELEASE以下,LVL_RELEASE是自适应阈值,当检测到手套干预时,该自适应阈值将改变。当开关按钮释放时,重新设置所有内部参数,并且开启锁定计时器,以便在特定的等待时间结束之前,例如100毫秒,阻止进一步开启。此外,根据手套的出现与否调节阈值电平。
参照图17,根据一实施例,示出了判定状态从SW_NONE状态改变为SW_ACTIVE状态的例程200。例程200在步骤202开始,以处理SW_NONE状态,然后前进到判定步骤204,以判定max_channel是否大于LVL_ACTIVE。如果max_channel大于LVL_ACTIVE,则接近开关总成改变状态,从SW_NONE状态改变为SW_ACTIVE状态,并且在步骤210结束。如果max_channel不大于LVL_ACTIVE,则在步骤210处终止以前,例程200在步骤208检查是否重新设置搜索标志。因此,当max_channel引发上述LVL_ACTIVE时,状态从SW_NONE状态改变为SW_ACTIVE状态。如果信道保持低于此电平,经过一定的等待时间后,如果设置了搜索标记,搜索标记被重新设置为无搜索,这是离开搜索模式的方法之一。
参照图18,根据另一实施例,示出了处理状态从SW_ACTIVE状态转变为SW_THRESHOLD状态或者SW_NONE状态的方法220。方法220在步骤222开始,然后前进到判定步骤224。如果max_channel不大于LVL_THRESHOLD,则方法220前进到步骤226,以判定max_channel是否小于LVL_ACTIVE,并且,如果是,前进到步骤228,将开关状态改变为SW_NONE。因此,当max_channel信号降低到LVL_ACTIVE以下时,状态机的状态从SW_ACTIVE状态移动到SW_NONE状态。还可以从LVL_ACTIVE中减去一个Δ值,以引入某些滞后。如果max_channel大于LVL_THRESHOLD,则例程220前进到判定步骤230,以判断是否已经检测到最近的阈值事件或者手套,如果是,在步骤232将对标志的搜索设置为等于真(true)。在步骤236处终止之前,方法220在步骤234将状态转换为SW_THRESHOLD状态。因此,如果max_channel引发上述LVL_THRESHOLD,则状态改变为SW_THRESHOLD状态。如果检测到手套,或者最近检测到未引起开启的先前阈值事件,则可以自动进入搜索/探索模式。
参照图19,根据一实施例,示出了从SW_THRESHOLD状态判定开关开启的方法240。方法240在步骤242开始,以处理SW_THRESHOLD状态,并前进到判定框244,以判定信号是否稳定或者信号信道是否处于峰值,如果否,在步骤256终止。如果信号稳定或者信号信道处于峰值,之后方法240前进到判定步骤246,以判定搜索或探索模式是否开启,如果是,跳到步骤250。如果搜索或者探索模式未开启,则方法240前进到判定步骤248,以判定信号信道是否清晰并且快速开启大于阈值,如果是,在步骤250将switch_active设置为等于maximum_channel。方法240前进到判定框252,以判定是否存在开关活动,如果是,在步骤256终止。如果无开关活动,方法240前进到步骤254,在步骤256处终止之前将搜索变量SWITCH_STATUS初始设置为等于SWITCH_HUNTING(SW_EXPLORATION/HUNTING),且将PEAK_MAX_BASE初始设置为等于MAX_CHANNELS。
在SW_THRESHOLD状态中,不进行判定,直到检测到MAX_CHANNEL的峰值。检测到峰值的条件是信号方向的反转,或者MAX_CHANNEL和SUM_CHANNEL在至少一定时间间隔、例如60毫秒内都保持稳定(限定在一个范围内)。一旦检测到峰值,则检查搜索标志。如果搜索模式关闭,则应用入口斜坡斜率法。如果SW_ACTIVE到SW_THRESHOLD的时间少于阈值,例如16毫秒,并且噪声抑制法的特征指示其是有效开启事件,则状态改变为SWITCH_ACTIVE,并且进程移动到PROCESS_SWITCH_RELEASE模块,否则将搜索标志设置为等于true。如果采用延迟开启法而不是立即开启开关,则状态转变为SW_DELAYED_ACTIVATION,其中强制执行延迟,在延迟结束时,如果当前MAX_CHANNEL指数未改变,则开启按钮。
参照图20,根据一实施例,示出了实施SW_HUNTING状态的虚拟按钮法。方法260在步骤262开始,以处理SW_HUNTING状态,并且前进到判定步骤264,以判定MAX_CHANNEL是否已经下降到低于LVL_KEYUP_THRESHOLD,如果是,在步骤272将MAX_PEAK_BASE(最大峰值基数)设置为等于MIN(MAX_PEAK_BASE,MAX_CHANNEL)。如果MAX_CHANNEL已经下降到低于LVL_KEYUP_THRESHOLD,则方法260前进到步骤266,以采用第一信道引发搜索法来检查该事件是否会引发按钮开启。这取决于判定是否横穿第一且唯一的信道并且信号清晰。如果是,在步骤282处终止之前,方法260在步骤270将switch_active设置为等于maximum_channel。如果未横穿第一且唯一的信道并且信号不清晰,则方法260前进到步骤268,以停止并且判定意外促动,并且在步骤282处终止之前将SWITCH_STATUS设置为等于SW_NONE。
步骤272之后,方法260前进到判定步骤274,以判定信道是否选中(clicked)。这取决于MAX_CHANNEL是否大于MAX_PEAK_BASE加上Δ值(delta)。如果信道已选中,则方法260前进到判定步骤276,以判定信号是否稳定且清晰,如果是,在步骤282处终止之前,在步骤280将开关活动状态设置到最大信道。如果信道未选中,则方法260前进到判定步骤278,以检查信号是否长、稳定、并且清晰,如果是,则前进到步骤280,在步骤282处终止之前将switch_active设置为等于maximum_channel。
因此,判定例程有益地判定接近开关的开启。该例程有益地容许使用者探索接近开关小键盘,这在机动车辆应用中可能是特别有用的,可以避免驾驶者干扰。
应当理解到,可以对上述结构做出变化和修改而不脱离本发明的构思,进一步应当理解到,旨在通过以下权利要求包含该构思,除非这些权利要求通过文字另有明确说明。
Claims (20)
1.一种选择接近开关的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包含:
用多个接近传感器生成多个开启场;
监控指示开启场的信号;
在探索模式中检测物体相对于传感器的滑动;
检测具有最大信号的一个传感器;以及
当最大信号在探索模式中在预设时间内具有稳定振幅时生成开启输出。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在信号最大值处检测稳定振幅。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在低于最大值的数值处检测稳定振幅。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在指示物体按压在传感器表面上的最大值处检测稳定振幅。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据指示多个接近传感器感测到物体的多个信号来检测探索模式。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,每个信号包含与开启场关联的传感器计数变化。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包含在探索模式中阻止轻敲开关开启的步骤。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,接近开关安装在车辆中供车辆乘客使用。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,接近开关包括含有一个或多个电容传感器的电容开关。
10.一种选择接近开关的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包含:
用多个接近传感器生成多个开启场;
监控指示开启场的信号;
根据多个信号检测使用者手指的滑动并且进入探索模式;
在探索模式中阻止轻敲开关开启;
检测具有最大信号的一个传感器;以及
当最大信号在探索模式中在预设时间内具有稳定振幅时生成开启输出。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,在信号最大值处检测稳定振幅。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,在低于最大值的数值处检测稳定振幅。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,在指示物体按压在传感器表面上持续最小时间间隔的最大值处检测稳定振幅。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,接近开关安装在车辆中供车辆乘客使用。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,接近开关包括含有一个或多个电容传感器的电容开关。
16.一种接近开关总成,其特征在于,包含:
每个都提供感测开启场的多个接近开关;以及
处理每个接近开关的开启场以感测开启的控制电路,所述控制电路监控指示开启场的信号,在探索模式下检测物体相对于开关的滑动,检测与一个接近开关相关联的最大信号,并且当最大信号在探索模式中在预设时间内具有稳定振幅时生成开启输出。
17.如权利要求16所述的接近开关总成,其特征在于,控制电路在开启模式中还阻止轻敲开关开启。
18.如权利要求16所述的接近开关总成,其特征在于,控制电路根据多个信号进入探索模式。
19.如权利要求16所述的接近开关总成,其特征在于,将多个接近开关安装在车辆中供车辆乘客使用。
20.如权利要求16所述的接近开关总成,其特征在于,接近开关包括含有一个或多个电容传感器的电容开关。
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US8933708B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
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