CN102086509A - 用于溅射腔室的工艺套件组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于溅射腔室的工艺套件组件,该溅射腔室具有包括背板和溅射板的溅射靶材。背板具有凹槽。溅射板包含具有平面的柱状台面和围绕该柱状台面的环形倾斜边。在一个方案中,背板包含具有高热导率和低电阻率的材料。在另一方案中,背板包含具有单个凹槽或多个凹槽的背面。用于溅射腔室的工艺套件包含沉积环、覆盖环和护板组件,用于放置在溅射腔室中衬底支架附近。
Description
本申请为2006年11月24日递交的申请号为200610145254.8并且发明名称为“用于溅射腔室的靶材和工艺套件组件”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35USC119(e)要求享有(i)2005年11月25日提交的、题目为“用于钛溅射腔室的靶材和工艺套件”(TARGET AND PROCESS KIT FORTITANIUM SPUTTERING CHAMBER)的临时申请No.60/739,658的优先权和(ii)2006年3月30日提交的、题目为“用于溅射腔室的靶材和工艺套件组件”(TARGET AND PROCE SS KIT C OMPONENTS FOR SPUTTERINGCHAMBER)的临时申请No.60/788,378的优先权。在此引用两个临时申请的全部内容作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于溅射腔室的工艺套件组件。
背景技术
在集成电路和显示器的制造中,诸如半导体晶片和显示面板的衬底放置在处理腔室中并设定腔室中的工艺条件以在该衬底上沉积材料或者蚀刻该衬底。典型的腔室包括围绕等离子区域的外围壁、用于支撑衬底的衬底支架、用于在腔室内提供处理气体的气源、对气体施加能量以处理衬底的气体激发器,以及用于保持压力的排气装置。例如,该腔室可以包括溅射(PVD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)和蚀刻腔室。在溅射腔室中,溅射靶材以促使所溅射的靶材料沉积在与靶材相对的衬底上。在溅射工艺中,将包含惰性气体和/或反应气体的处理气体供应到腔室内,并相对彼此对靶材和衬底施加电偏压,以形成轰击靶材促进溅射材料从靶材击出并在衬底上沉积成膜的高能离子。在磁电管溅射腔室中,磁场发生器在靶材附近定形磁场以改善靶材的溅射。
在这些溅射工艺中,靶材的某些区域通常以比其它区域高的溅射速率溅射,导致了靶材表面的不均匀溅射。例如,不均匀靶材溅射可以由用于限制或搅动靶材表面附近的高能离子的成型磁场引起。成型磁场引起靶材特殊区域处的靶材料以较高的速率溅射出,其可能导致在多个工艺循环操作之后靶材中溅射凹槽的形成。在靶材中这些凹槽的形成是不合需要的,因为他们随后引起整个衬底上溅射材料的不均匀沉积。当靶材的溅射板由于热膨胀应力从背板剥离时,引起另一问题。还没有确切了解这些应力和剥离的起因。
在溅射工艺中,人们不希望从靶材溅射的材料在腔室的内表面诸如腔室壁和组件表面累积,因为所积累的沉积物可能剥落并污染衬底或者引起腔室壁和靶材之间的电短路。因此,溅射腔室还包括工艺套件,其具有在衬底支架和腔室壁附近配置的组件以容纳来自靶材的溅射沉积物,使得沉积物不在腔室壁和其他组件表面积累。为了清洗,周期性地从腔室拆除及去掉工艺套件组件。然而,在工艺套件组件上积累的所溅射沉积物还可能在清洗循环期间由在工艺循环中产生的热应力剥落。在腔室内所剥落的沉积物可污染衬底并且也是不合需要的。虽然可以在较短的时间间隔内停掉腔室以清洗套件组件,但是所引起的腔室停工期进一步增加了工艺成本。因此,需要一种工艺套件组件,设计其以容纳并容许更大量的所积累沉积物而不会彼此粘住或者粘到衬底上,或者不会在工艺期间引起所积累沉积物的剥落。如果设计靶材的形状使其减少在工艺套件组件上的溅射沉积物的形成,则效果会更加理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供在一种靶材,其基本上能够解决由于现有技术的靶材中存在的缺点所产生一个或者多个问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于溅射腔室的工艺套件,其具有在衬底支架和腔室壁附近配置的组件以容纳来自靶材的溅射沉积物,使得沉积物不在腔室壁和其他组件表面积累。
因此,根据本发明的一方面,本发明提供了一种用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材,所述溅射靶材包括:(a)背板,包括至少大约200W/mK的热导率和从大约2到大约5μohm cm的电阻率;以及(b)安装在所述背板上的溅射板,所述溅射板包括:(i)具有平面的柱状台面;以及(ii)围绕所述柱状台面的环形倾斜边。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材,所述溅射靶材包括:(a)包括具有凹槽的背面的背板;以及(b)安装在所述背板上的溅射板,所述溅射板包括:(i)具有平面的柱状台面;以及(ii)围绕所述柱状台面的环形倾斜边。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种包括所述溅射靶材的溅射腔室,所述溅射腔室包括:(1)安装在该腔室中的溅射靶材;(2)与所述溅射靶材相对的衬底支架;(3)将气体引入所述溅射腔室的气体分配器;(4)为气体施加能量以形成溅射所述靶材的等离子体的气体激发器;以及(5)排放来自所述溅射腔室的气体的排气口。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种溅射腔室,包括:(a)溅射靶材,其包括包含前表面和具有凹槽的背面的背板,以及安装在所述背板的所述前表面的溅射板;(b)与所述溅射靶材相对的衬底支架;(c)热交换器,其包括所述靶材的背面附近的壳体,所述壳体能容纳热交换流体;(d)磁场产生器,其包括位于所述背板的所述背面附近的多个旋转磁体;(e)气体分配器,其将所述气体引入到所述溅射腔室中;(f)气体激发器,其对所述气体施加能量以形成溅射所述靶材的等离子体;以及(g)排气口,其排出来自所述溅射腔室的气体。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种设置在溅射腔室中衬底支架周围的沉积环,所述衬底支架包括具有平面的衬底承载表面和在所述衬底的悬伸边之前终止的外围侧壁,所述沉积环包括:(a)环形带,其具有围绕所述支架的所述外围壁的暴露表面,所述暴露表面包括150±50微英寸的表面平均粗糙度,以及所述环形带包括:(i)沿所述环形带横向延伸的内唇缘,所述内唇缘基本上平行于所述支架的外围壁并在所述支架的所述悬伸边下面终止;(ii)凸起的脊,其基本上平行于所述衬底支架的所述承载表面的所述平面;(iii)在所述内唇缘和所述凸起的脊之间的内开口沟道,所述内开口沟道至少部分在所述衬底的所述悬伸边的下面延伸;以及(iv)所述凸起的脊的径向向外的壁架。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种包括所述沉积环并且还包括覆盖环的环组件,其中,所述沉积环的环形带的凸起的脊和与所述覆盖环间隔设置并覆盖在所述覆盖环的下表面上限定阻止等离子体物质通过所述间隙传播的窄缝。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种设置在溅射腔室中衬底支架附近的覆盖环,所述衬底支架包括具有平面的衬底承载表面,所述覆盖环包括:(i)环形板,其包括设置在所述衬底支架周围表面上的基脚,以及基本上平行于所述衬底支架的所述承载表面的暴露表面,所述暴露表面包括175±75微英寸的表面平均粗糙度,以及(ii)第一和第二柱状壁,其从所述环形板向下延伸,所述第一柱状壁具有比所述第二柱状壁的第二长度至少小约10%的第一长度。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种包括所述的覆盖环并且还包括沉积环的环组件,其中所述覆盖环的所述基脚放置在所述沉积环的壁架上,使得所述覆盖环至少部分覆盖所述沉积环。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种放置在溅射腔室中衬底支架周围的环组件,所述衬底支架包括具有平面的衬底承载表面和在所述衬底的悬伸边之前终止的外围壁,所述环组件包括:(a)沉积环,其包括具有围绕所述支架的外围壁的暴露表面的环形带,所述暴露表面包括150±50微英寸的表面平均粗糙度,以及所述环形带包括:(i)沿所述环形带横向延伸的内唇缘,所述内唇缘基本上平行于所述支架的外围壁并在所述支架的所述悬伸边下面终止;(ii)凸起的脊,其基本上平行于所述衬底支架的所述承载表面的所述平面;(iii)在所述内唇缘和所述凸起的脊之间的内开口沟道,所述内开口沟道至少部分在所述衬底的悬伸边的下面延伸;以及(iv)所述凸起的脊的径向向外的壁架;以及(b)覆盖环至少部分覆盖所述沉积环,所述覆盖环包括:(i)环形板,其包括放置在所述衬底支架周围的表面上的基脚,以及基本上平行于所述衬底支架的所述承载表面的暴露表面,所述暴露表面包括175±75微英寸的表面平均粗糙度,以及(ii)第一和第二柱状壁,其沿所述环形板向下延伸,所述第一柱状壁具有比所述第二柱状壁的第二长度至少小约10%的第一长度。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种在溅射腔室中能环绕与衬底支架相对的溅射靶材的溅射板的护板组件,其用于减少溅射沉积物在所述衬底支架和所述腔室的侧壁上的沉积,所述护板包括:(a)上护板,包括:(i)支架唇缘;以及(ii)环形带,其具有第一柱状表面、第二柱状表面和在所述第一和第二表面之间的倾斜表面,其中所述第一柱状表面具有第一直径,其尺寸可以环绕所述溅射靶材的所述溅射板,所述第二柱状表面具有小于所述第一直径的第二直径;以及(b)上护板,包括:(i)支架壁架;(ii)在所述上护板下延伸的柱状外部带;(iii)从所述柱状外部带的底部端径向向内延伸的基面;以及(iv)与所述底板连接并至少部分围绕所述衬底支架的柱状内部带。
本发明可实现包括以下的一个或多个优点。本发明通过改善靶材可以实现衬底上溅射材料的均匀沉积,同时提供诸如沉积环、覆盖环等的工艺套件降低处理室内壁上由于溅射工艺而沉积的沉积物数量,从而延长溅射腔室的开机时间,减少对腔室关机清洗的频率,增加衬底的处理量,降低制造成本。
以下将结合附图详细描述本发明的一个或多个实施方式。本发明的其它目的、特征、方面和优点在以下描述并结合附图和权利要求书中将变得更加明显可见。
附图说明
下面的说明书、权利要求以及附图示出可通过自身或者结合其他结构使用的不同结构的示例性实施方式,并且不应仅限于附图中所示的示例性方案:
图1为可以用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材的截面侧视示意图;
图2为图1的溅射靶材的局部(3)的示意图;
图3A1至图3A2为在暴露于800kW hr的溅射等离子体之后,溅射靶材的溅射表面上显示有圆形蚀刻凹槽和微裂纹的照片;
图4A为在靶材用于多个溅射工艺循环之后,在靶材表面上显示有从蚀刻凹槽向下延伸的微裂纹的溅射靶材的抛光样品的侧视图的照片;
图4B为表面微裂纹的放大观看的SEM照片;
图5A为在其背表面具有单个凹槽的溅射靶材的实施方式的截面侧视图;
图5B为在其背表面具有多个同心环状凹槽的溅射靶材的实施方式的截面侧视图;
图5C为具有多个同心环状凹槽的溅射靶材的另一实施方式的背部的俯视图;
图6A为具有多个弓形径向凹槽的溅射靶材的实施方式的背部的俯视图;
图6B为具有多个笔直径向凹槽的溅射靶材的实施方式的背部的俯视图;
图6B1为图6B的靶材在表示凹槽的矩形截面的局部区域“a”处的截面侧视图;
图6B2为图6B的靶材表示在凹槽端部凹槽的曲形截面的局部区域“b”处的截面侧视图;
图7为具有多个凹槽的背面的靶材的截面温度剖面的截面侧视示意图,其通过二维稳态温度模型;
图8为沉积环、覆盖环和围绕衬底支架的下护板的实施方式的截面侧视图;
图9为显示有旋转磁性组件、溅射靶材和工艺套件组件的溅射腔室的截面侧视示意图;以及
图9A为显示与腔室的源框架和适配器连接的上护板的溅射腔室的局部“c”的示意性截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出了可以用于溅射处理腔室以在衬底上沉积所溅射材料的溅射靶材136的示例性实施方式。如图9的示例性腔室实施方式中所示,在腔室100中处理期间,靶材136的溅射板137的溅射表面135与衬底104相对放置。在一个方案中,溅射板137包含中心柱状台面143,其具有形成与衬底104的平面的平行的平面的溅射表面135。环形倾斜边145包围柱状台面143。在一个方案中,环形边145相对于柱状台面143的平面倾斜至少大约8°的角度α,例如,从大约10°到大约20°,例如15°。具有台阶133的外围倾斜侧壁146包围环形边145。外围倾斜侧壁146相对于柱状台面143的平面倾斜至少大约60°的角度β,例如,从大约75°到大约85°。在一个方案中,在突起129和凹进部131之间出现台阶133并且台阶133在大约35°的后移角度处连接表面129、131。如图9和图9A所示,在腔室100中,环形倾斜边145和靠近上护板147的侧壁146的复杂形状形成弯曲间隙149,其用作阻止所溅射或者等离子体物质通过间隙149的曲径。
溅射板137包含金属或金属化合物。例如,溅射板137可以是金属,诸如例如铝、铜、钨、钛、钴、镍或钽。溅射板137还可以是金属化合物,诸如例如氮化钽、氮化钨或氮化钛。在一个方案中,溅射板137包含高纯钛,例如,至少大约99.9%,或甚至至少大约99.99%。
溅射板137安装在背板141上,背板141具有支撑表面151以支撑溅射板137和延伸过溅射板137的半径的外围壁架154。外围壁架154包含设置在腔室100(图9)中的绝缘体144上的外部基脚155。在腔室中绝缘体144电绝缘并背板141和腔室100并将背板141与腔室100隔开,并且通常绝缘体144由陶瓷材料诸如氧化铝制成环形。外围壁架154成形以抑制所溅射的材料和等离子体物质通过靶材136和绝缘体144之间的间隙149流动或者移动,以阻止小角度溅射沉积物渗入到间隙149中。
在一个方案中,背板141由诸如不锈钢或铝的金属制成。在另一方案中,背板141包含铜-锌,其包含,例如重量百分比为大约59wt%至大约62wt%的铜和重量百分比为大约38wt%到大约41wt%的锌。铜-锌是抗磁性的,并且它的电阻率不随温度变化。铜-锌具有大约130w/mK的热传导率和大约6.8μohmcm的电阻率。在一个实施方式中,通过将两个板137、141彼此相对放置以及将板加热到通常至少大约200℃的适当温度使其扩散粘结的方法将溅射板137安装在背板141上。
在靶材136的另一方案中,人们认为可以通过以具有高热导率和/或低电阻率的材料制造的靶材的背板141,减少靶材136中的凹槽腐蚀和微裂纹。当溅射腔室100具有磁场发生器102时(如图9的腔室的示例性实施方式所示),如图3A1至图3A2所示,测定旋转式移动磁场引起了腐蚀凹槽121和从腐蚀凹槽121向下延伸的微裂纹123的形成。图3A1示出了在一批3000个衬底的处理期间暴露于800kW hr的等离子体的溅射靶材的溅射表面135上出现的环形腐蚀凹槽121,以及图3A2和图3A3示出了腐蚀凹槽121和微裂纹123的更多的细节。图4A是靶材136的抛光样品的照片,其中在靶材的表面具有多个从腐蚀凹槽121向下延伸的多个微裂纹123。图4B示出了一个大约4181微米深的微裂纹123的SEM放大照片。在多个衬底的处理之后,微裂纹123和腐蚀凹槽121可导致很差的溅射特性和从靶材135的这些区域的不均匀溅射。结果,在仅处理少量衬底104之后,就必须频繁的替换靶材,这是不合需要的。
在一方法中,通过采用具有导热性的材料构成的背板141减少腐蚀槽间题,该材料的热导率足够高以散发在靶材136中产生的热量,其中靶材136由溅射板137和背板141形成。该热量来源于在所述板中出现的涡流,同时还来自于从等离子体向靶材136的溅射表面135施加的高能离子轰击。高热导率的背板允许在靶材136中产生的热向周围结构中散发或者甚至向安装于背板141后面或者背板141本身中的热交换器散发。例如,背板141可以包括在其中循环热交换流体的通道(未示出)。人们已经检测到适用的高热导率背板141为至少约200W/mK,例如从约220到约400W/mK。该热导率级别通过更有效散发产生于靶材中的热量允许该靶材在更长的工艺时间周期内工作。
还可以设计背板141使其具有所需范围的电阻率,人们发现该电阻率范围可以减少出现腐蚀凹槽同时还可以允许靶材136在延长的时间周期内工作。电阻率应该足够低从而在溅射期间允许靶材施加电偏压或者进行充电。但是,该电阻率还应该足够高以减小在靶材136中涡流的影响,沿路径通过靶材136传输的由涡流产生的热量与沿路径中遇到的电阻率成比例。在一种方案中,人们认为背板141的电阻率应该从约2μohm cm到5μohm cm,甚至或者从2.2μohm cm到4.1μohm cm。
由具有所需电导率和电阻率的金属合金构成的背板141的实施例为包括诸如铜-铬的背板141。铜-铬为具有随温度变化的电阻率的顺磁性材料。由于这改变了材料特性以及由此带来的溅射特性变化,因此该变化是不受欢迎的。但是,铜-铬的电阻率直到温度超过600℃才发生变化,该温度足以超出正常的溅射工艺温度。C-180000温度大于400℃。在一种方案中,铜-铬合金的铜铬比为约80∶1到约165∶1。铜-铬合金包括铜的重量百分比为约98.5%到约99.1wt%,并且铬的重量百分比为约0.6%到约1.2wt%。铜-铬合金具有约340W/mK的热导率以及约2.2μohm cm的电阻率。在一种方案中,铜-铬合金包括C-18000或者C-18200。C-18000具有225W/mK和约4.1μohm cm的电阻率。
另一方面,可以与由具有高热导率和低电阻率的材料构成的背板141结合使用或者单独使用,背板141包括具有一个或者多个凹槽127的背面126。例如,在图5A中示出一种具有环形形状槽的背板141。在该方案中,采用约0.3R到约0.8R延伸的范围设置该凹槽127,其中R是背板141的半径。人们已经确定在该半径范围,该凹槽127可以在对应于靶材136的背部141的临界环形区域提供有效冷却,所述邻接环形区域与对应于环形腐蚀槽121的区域直接相对。对于约为250mm的背板141的尺寸,采用从约75mm到约200mm的中心半径设计适用凹槽127的尺寸。凹槽127包括约为2mm到10mm范围的Δr,其为凹槽127的外径和内径之间的距离,例如该Δr为6mm。在一方案中,从凹槽127外径到背板141周围的距离为从约50mm到约100mm。
在另一方案中,背板141包括具有多个彼此间隔设置的凹槽127,如图5B所示的方案。在一方案中,凹槽127为同心圆、环形或者彼此间隔以及通过协作用于更好地散发来自背面141的热量的壁架129分离,使得整个靶材136在溅射处理期间在较低温度工作。在一方案中,背面126具有四个凹槽,例如从约3个到约20个凹槽,并且在一方案中,为9个凹槽。每个凹槽127包括约为2mm到10mm范围的Δr(具体凹槽127的外径和内径之间的距离),例如该Δr为6mm。壁架129的宽度为约2mm到10mm,例如为6mm。图5B所示为具有5个凹槽127的背面,该5个凹槽127为采用四个介于其间的壁架127的同心圆以及环形。图5C所示为通过设置于其间的两个壁架129间隔的具有三个同心环形槽127的溅射靶材136的实施方式的背面126的俯视图。
凹槽127和壁架129还可以具有其他图案,例如,矩形栅格图案、鸡足(chicken feet)图案或者仅为沿背面126经过的直线。图6A所示为具有多个凹槽127的溅射靶材实施方式的背部俯视图,该凹槽127为主要沿径向方向延伸的曲线径向凹槽127a。在图6A的方案中,凹槽127相对于腔室中箭头128所示的的旋转磁体方向弯曲成凸起形状。在图6B的方案中,凹槽127为笔直径向凹槽127b并且他们沿径向方向笔直定向。笔直径向凹槽127b在背面126的中心相遇。图6B1为表示凹槽127的普通矩形截面的图6B的靶材的侧面截面图。但是,凹槽的末端127c具有随着其接近表面126逐渐变细的弯曲的截面,如图6B2所示。在图6A和6B中的多个凹槽127之间的区域为腐蚀区域119。
通过模拟和试验结构验证由不同靶材136的实施方式获得的无法预料的结果。表1示出对于具有不同厚度的钛靶材136执行的仿真模拟研究结果从而确定他们所仿真的稳态温度、偏差和压力,该靶材具有由不同材料构成的背板141并且具有或者不具有凹槽。采用有限元分析模拟程序确定在仿真溅射工艺条件下对于靶材模拟两维研究态热应力,该模拟程序为ANSYS10.0。通过计算机模拟测试的变量包括:(1)靶材厚度;(2)用于背板的材料;以及(3)背板的具体设计。测试三个靶材的厚度值,包括12.7mm(0.5英寸)、8.89mm(0.35英寸)和6.35mm(0.25英寸)。用于检测的两种类型的背板141为铜锌和铜铬板。背板141也具有平坦表面,单独环形槽或者多槽。这些变量产生不同的最大靶材温度、最大靶材偏差值和最大热应力值。
表1
人们发现在仿真溅射工艺期间背板141的特性会明显改变靶材136达到的稳态温度。例如,如表1所示,在采用具有厚度为12.7mm的靶材136以及由具有平坦背面的铜锌合金构成的背板141的实施例1中,所提供的靶材温度为360℃、偏差为0.88mm以及热应力为97Mpa。相反,采用具有厚度为8.9mm的靶材并由铜铬合金构成的背板141以及具有多个凹槽129的背板表面126的实施例9提供最低的靶材温度232℃、偏差为0.93mm以及热应力为77Mpa。因此,通过实施例9获得最低的靶材温度232℃,该实施例9具有比实施例1薄的靶材厚度为8.89mm(0.35英寸),并由更易导热的铜铬构成,同时具有设置多个凹槽129的背面126。
通过上述结果,人们决定背板141包括铜铬替代铜锌,其他变量不变,该背板141具有更低的仿真操作靶材温度。与平坦表面相对,具有设置有单独凹槽129的背板的最大靶材温度也比较低。和实施例7中具有单独凹槽的背板141相比实施例9中具有多个凹槽背板141产生更低的靶材温度。因此,靶材136的理想方案为厚度为8.9mm(0.35英寸),并且提供非常低的靶材温度,具有可接受的偏差和应力级别,其背板141由铜铬构成并且具有多个凹槽129。图7所示为具有由铜铬构成的背板141并具有多个凹槽129的背面的理想靶材136的截面温度图形,通过同一二维稳态温度模型产生该图形。最热区域113出现在背板141的背面126,多个凹槽129的下部。最冷的区域111出现在距离多个凹槽129最远的区域。
表2
表2提供了来自靶材136的实际溅射工艺数据,该靶材136具有由铜锌或者铜铬构成的背板、具有一个或者四个不同厚度、并且具有平坦、单独凹槽129或者具有多个凹槽129的背面126。设定在腔室中处理的一批衬底的任意单独衬底的溅射沉积的总溅射工艺时间,使得该靶材136温度不会达到太高以至于在靶材136中产生腐蚀凹槽以及微裂纹。因此,在实施例1和2中,其为包括由铜锌构成的背板141并且具有平坦表面或者单独凹槽129,将每个衬底的等离子体溅射时间分别限定为20秒和30秒。这样对实施例1提供的溅射厚度为160埃并且对实施例2提供的溅射厚度为240埃。相反,在实施例3和4中,包括由铜铬构成的背板141并具有多个凹槽129的靶材136允许对每个衬底执行大于40秒的更高的总溅射等离子体工艺时间,同时不会在靶材136中形成腐蚀凹槽121。原因在于实施例3和4的靶材在溅射操作期间具有比实施例1和2更低的稳态温度。因此,实施例3和4提供320埃的更高沉积层,是通过实施例1和2的靶材提供的每个衬底的总沉积厚度高1.5到2倍。
在再一方案中,靶材136的外围壁架154涂敷保护涂层,例如如图1所示的喷涂铝涂层157的双线弧形。在涂敷前,对外围壁架154进行脱脂并通过碳化硅做底以实现200到300微英寸的粗糙度。该涂层157延伸以覆盖溅射板137的外围侧壁146以及背板141的外围壁架154。涂层151最终表面粗糙度为700±200微英寸,并且厚度为约5到10千分之一寸。涂层157保护靶材136的边缘并提供更优粘性的溅射材料同时减少来自这些表面的材料脱落。
用于溅射腔室100的工艺套件200包括可以从腔室100中去除的各种元件,例如,用于从元件表面上清洗溅射沉积物、替换或者修理腐蚀元件或者用于对于不同工艺采用该腔室的元件。在一方案中,工艺套件200包括用于设置在衬底支架130的外围壁139周围的环组件202,该环组件202在衬底的悬伸边206前终止,如图8所示。环组件202包括彼此协作以减少在支架130的外围侧壁139上或者衬底104的悬伸边206上形成的溅射沉积物的沉积环208和覆盖环212。
沉积环208可以很容易的去除以从环的暴露表面上清洗溅射沉积物使得支架130不必为了清洗而拆除。沉积环208保护支架130的暴露侧表面以减少由于受激化的等离子体物质的腐蚀。在图8所示的方案中,沉积环208包括位于并围绕支架130的外围侧壁139延伸的环形带216。该环形带216包括沿该带横向延伸的内唇缘218并且其基本上与支架130的外围侧壁139平行。内唇缘218紧邻终止于衬底104的悬伸边206。内唇缘218限定了围绕衬底104和支架130的外围的沉积环208的内边缘以在工艺期间保护支架130没有被衬底104覆盖的区域。例如,内唇缘218环绕并至少局部覆盖会暴露在工艺环境中的支架130的外围侧壁139以减少或者甚至完全防止在外围侧壁139上沉积溅射沉积物。
沉积环208的环形带216还具有沿带216的中心部分延伸的凸起的脊224。凸起的脊224具有基本与衬底支架130的承载表面138的平面平行的平坦顶部表面228,并且于覆盖环212间隔设置以在二者之间形成窄缝。该窄缝用作弯曲间隙以减少等离子体物质穿透进入窄缝或者缝末端的区域。开口内管230位于内唇缘218和凸起的脊224之间。开口内管230径向向内扩展并至少部分终止于衬底104的悬伸边206下方。内管230具有与内唇缘218联结的第一圆角232和与凸起的脊224联结的略微倾斜的表面234。平滑角232和倾斜表面234有助于在清洁沉积环208的期间从这些部分移除溅射沉积。沉积环208还具有壁架236,壁架236位于凸起的脊224的径向向外处并用于支撑覆盖环212。不同于现有技术设计,由于在传送至处理室期间在处理室中准确放置衬底,即使衬底104滑动或在处理腔室100中放置错误,在沉积环208中不需要用钉以固定衬底104。
通过成型以及加工诸如氧化铝的陶瓷材料制造沉积环208。优选地,氧化铝具有至少约99.5%的纯度从而减少由于不需要的元素导致腔室污染,该元素诸如铁。采用诸如等静压制的传统技术浇铸并烧结陶瓷材料,接着采用适用的加工方法执行浇铸烧结加工步骤以得到所需的形状和尺寸。
在一优选方案中,沉积环208的环形带216包括受到颗粒轰击以实现预定级别表面粗糙度的暴露表面217,在颗粒轰击的同时掩蔽相邻表面以防止所述表面受到颗粒轰击。在颗粒轰击的过程中,通过喷砂装置(未示出)的喷嘴向沉积环的暴露表面喷射氧化铝砂。该喷砂装置可以为采用压力从约20到约45psi的压缩空气提供动力的压力驱动喷砂装置。可选地,可以在约60psi到约80psi的操作压力下使用虹吸驱动喷砂装置。保持该喷砂装置的喷嘴相对于暴露表面的平面呈约45度,并且间距约为4到6英寸。采用适用的砂粒尺寸执行喷砂过程以获得预定的表面粗糙度。平均为150±50微英寸的喷砂表面粗糙度提供用于强化溅射钛沉积物粘性的适合表面。
表面粗糙度平均值为沿暴露表面粗糙度特征峰、谷值的平均线导出的绝对值的平均数。通过表面光度仪或者扫描电子显微镜可以检测粗糙度平均值、偏度或者其他特性,其中该表面光度仪将探针经过暴露表面的上部并在表面上产生凸凹高度的振荡轨迹,该扫描电子显微镜采用从表面反射的电子束产生表面的图像。为了测量表面粗糙度的平均值,可以将要测试沉积环208的暴露表面切割为多个试样并且对每个试样进行一次或者多次测量。然后取这些测量的平均值以确定该暴露表面217的平均表面粗糙度。在一实施方式中,采用三个试样并且对每个试样表面特征的峰、谷高度变化取四次轨迹。
环组件202的覆盖环212包括间隔设置、位于其上以及至少部分覆盖沉积环208的凸起的脊224以限定阻止等离子体物质进入间隙的窄缝229的下表面219。窄缝229的狭窄流路径阻止在沉积环208的配合表面和覆盖环212上累积低能量溅射沉积物,否则该沉积物会导致所述部件彼此粘结或者粘结到衬底104的外围悬伸边206上。
覆盖环212包括环形板244,其具有位于衬底支架130周围的表面上的基脚246,诸如位于沉积环208的脊236上。基脚246沿板244向下延伸从而紧靠在沉积环208的脊236上。环形板244用作包含位于靶材136和支架130之间工艺区内的溅射等离子体的边界,容纳大批的溅射沉积物并掩蔽沉积环208。该环形板在位于沉积环208的凸起的脊上的突出边缘256终止。突出边缘256端部具有圆形边缘258并具有平坦底表面260。突出边缘256防止在衬底的悬伸边206上沉积溅射沉积物并且还减少沉积在支架130的外围壁139上的沉积物。
覆盖环212还具有沿环形板244向下延伸一对柱状壁206a、b。柱状壁206a、b位于楔244的基脚径向向外处。内壁260a具有小于外壁260b的高度。内壁260a的第一高度可以比外壁260b的第二高度至少短10%。柱状壁206a、b相互间隔以形成阻止等离子体进入周围区域和对周围区域辉光放电的另一弯曲的通道265。在一方案中,内壁260a长度为约0.7英寸。
通过防溅射等离子体腐蚀的材料制造覆盖环212,该材料诸如不锈钢、钛或者铝的金属材料或者诸如氧化铝的陶瓷材料。在一方案中,覆盖环212由不锈钢构成并且具有与衬底支架130的承载表面138基本平行的暴露表面247。对该暴露表面进行颗粒轰击以获得175±75的表面粗糙度。通过适当修改颗粒尺寸以如上所述和用于在沉积环208的暴露表面217执行颗粒轰击过程一样的方式制造颗粒轰击表面以获得所需的粗糙度值。
如图1所示,工艺套件200还包括护板组件150,其环绕溅射靶材136的溅射表面面以及衬底支架130的外围边缘139,以减少在腔室100的侧壁116和支架130的底部沉积的溅射沉积物。护板组件150通过掩蔽所述组件的表面用于减少在支架130、侧壁116和腔室100的底部120的表面上的溅射沉积物。
在一方案中,如图9所示,护板组件150包括相互协作以掩蔽腔室100的壁表面和下部的上护板147和下护板182。如图9A所示,上护板147包括在腔室中位于上适配器186的第一壁架185a上的支架唇缘183。上适配器186可以用作腔室100的侧壁。参照图9A,支架唇缘183包含将O圈197设置与其内以形成真空密封的O圈槽201。在支架唇缘183上部设置绝缘体144并进一步延伸到上适配器186的第二壁架185b上。背板141的边缘壁架154位于绝缘体144上。边缘壁架154包含将O圈197设置与其内以形成真空密封的O圈槽201。源结构167在边缘壁架154的上表面和侧表面上与边缘壁架154相邻。源结构167包含将O圈197设置与其内以形成真空密封的O圈槽201。在源结构167的O圈槽201位于边缘壁架154的上表面214的上部。上护板147还具有环形带187以环绕溅射靶材的溅射板,其中环形带187具有第一直径尺寸的第一柱形表面189、具有小于第一直径的第二直径尺寸的第二柱状表面190以及位于第一柱形表面189和第二柱状表面190之间的倾斜表面191。
下护板182还具有位于下适配器194的环形唇缘193以支撑该下护板182。下护板182包括在上护板147的第二柱状表面190下部延伸的柱状外部带195、沿柱状外部带195的底端径向向内延伸的底板196,以及与至少局部环绕衬底支架130的底板195连接的柱状内部带196,如图8所示。内部带196的高度小于外部带195,例如,内部带196的高度可以为外部带195高度的0.8倍。内部带196和外部带195之间的间隙以及覆盖环212的外壁260b和内壁260a用于阻碍以及阻止等离子体物质进入该区域。
由诸如金属的导体制造上、下护板147、182,该材料诸如铝或者不锈钢。在一实施例中,上护板147由铝构成而下护板182由不锈钢构成。在一方案中,在腔室中上、下护板147、182分别具有与等离子体区177相对的暴露表面198、199。对暴露表面198、199进行颗粒轰击使其具有175±75的表面粗糙度。通过适当修改颗粒尺寸以如上所述和用于在沉积环208的暴露表面217执行颗粒轰击过程一样的方式制造颗粒轰击表面以获得所需的粗糙度值。
工艺套件200的部件和靶材136的设计明显提高工艺循环的次数以及在溅射腔室100中在不去除工艺套件的情况下清洗钛溅射所采用的工艺套件的工艺运行时间。还可以通过降低灰区温度的方式设计工艺套件200和靶材136的部件使其允许在腔室的溅射区域提高能量和压力以适应更高的沉积产量,其中灰区接近上护板147和靶材136。
溅射工艺腔室100典型方案可以处理如图9所示的衬底104。腔室100包括包围等离子体区域177的围绕壁179并包括侧壁116和底板120和顶板124。腔室100可以是具有通过机械手连接的一组互连腔室的多腔室平台(未示出)的一部分,所述机械手装置在腔室177之间传输衬底104。在所示的方案中,工艺腔室100包括溅射室,也称为物理气相沉积或者PVD腔室,该腔室可以在衬底104上溅射沉积钛。但是,还可以出于其他目的使用腔室100,诸如沉积铝、铜、钽、氮化钽、氮化钛、钨或者氮化钨;因此,本发明不应该限于本发明所述的典型实施方式。
腔室100包括用于支撑衬底104的包括底座134的衬底支架130,底座134具有在工艺期间容纳并支撑衬底104的衬底承载表面138,平坦表面138基本与溅射靶材136上部的溅射平面135平行。支架130还包括静电保持衬底104和/或加热器(未示出)的静电卡盘132,所述加热器诸如电阻加热器或者热交换器。在操作中,衬底104经过位于腔室100侧壁116上的衬底加载入口(未示出)进入腔室100并设置与衬底支架130上。在将衬底104设置在支架130期间可以提升或者降低支架以将衬底104提升或者降落到支架130上。在等离子体工作期间底座134保持在浮动电势或者地电势。
在溅射工艺期间,通过电源148对于靶材136、支架130和上护板147施加静电偏压。将靶材136、支架130和上护板147和其他腔室部件与用作气体激发器171的靶材电源148连接以形成或者保持溅射气体等离子体。气体激发器171还可以包括通过线圈产生电流提供能量的源线圈(未示出)。在等离子体区域形成的等离子体积极地撞击以及轰击在靶材136的溅射表面135上以将表面135上脱落的材料溅射到衬底104上。
将溅射气体通过气体传送系统160引入到腔室100中,其中气体传送系统160经由具有气体流量控制阀166诸如质量流量控制器的导管164供应来自气体供应169的气体,以在其中通过设定流速的气体。将气体注入到混合气体以形成所需的处理气体合成物的混合歧管(也未示出),并注入到在腔室100中具有气体出口的气体分配器168。处理气体源169可包含能以较高能量碰撞到靶材上并从靶材溅射出材料的非活性气体,诸如氩或氙。处理气体源169还可包括能与所溅射的材料反应以在衬底104上形成层的反应气体,诸如一种或多种含氧气体和含氮气体。用过的处理气体和副产物从腔室100经过排气装置170排出,其中排气装置170包括排气口172,该排气口172接收用过的处理气体并将该用过的处理气体传到具有节流阀176以控制腔室100中的气体压力的排气管道174。排气管道174与一个或多个排气泵178连接。通常,将腔室100中溅射气体的压力设置为低于大气压的大小,诸如真空环境,例如1mTorr到400mTorr的气压。
腔室100还可包括热交换器,其包含能容纳热交换流体并安装在靶材136的背面附近的壳体。该壳体包含位于靶材的背面附近密封的壁。热交换流体,诸如冷冻去离子水188,通过入口被引入到壳体中并通过出口从室中移出。热交换流体用作在较低温度下保持靶材以进一步减小在靶材中形成腐蚀凹槽和微裂纹的可能性。
腔室还可包括磁场发生器102,该磁场发生器102包含放置在靶材136的背板141的背面附近的多个旋转磁体156、159。旋转磁体156、159可包括一组磁体,该一组磁体包括具有第一磁通量或磁场方向的中心磁体156和具有第二磁通量或磁场方向的外围磁体159。在一个方案中,第一磁通量与第二磁通量的比率至少约1∶2,例如,从大约1∶3到大约1∶8,或甚至大约1∶5。这允许来自外围磁体159的磁场朝衬底104延伸到腔室中更深的地方。在一个方案中,磁场发生器102包含具有第一磁场方向的一组中心磁体156,其被一组具有第二磁场方向的外围磁体159围绕。例如,第二磁场方向可通过配置外围磁体159产生,使得他们的极性方向与中心磁体156的极性方向相反。为了达到均匀地溅射到衬底104上,在所示的方案中,磁场发生器包含发动机153和轴163以旋转在其上安装磁体156、159的环形板158。旋转系统以大约60到大约120rpm的转速旋转旋转磁体156、159,例如,大约80到大约100rpm。在一个方案中,磁体156、159包含NdFeB。旋转磁体156、159供应溅射靶材136的溅射表面附近的旋转和变化的磁场,其中旋转和变化的磁场影响来自靶材的溅射速度,同时还在热交换流体的壳体中循环热交换流体。
为了抵消传输到靶材136的大量能量,可将靶材136的后面密封成背部冷却腔室165。冷冻去离子水188或其他冷却液体经过冷冻腔室165的内部循环以冷却靶材136。通常磁场产生器102浸入在冷却水188中,并且靶材旋转轴163通过旋转密封181传过背腔室165。
通过控制器180控制腔室100,其中控制器180包含程序编码,其中该程序编码具有指令集以操作腔室100的组件以处理腔室100内的衬底104。例如,控制器180可包含程序编码,该程序编码包括衬底定位指令集以操作衬底支架130和衬底传送器;气体流量控制指令集以操作气体流量控制阀166以设置到腔室100的溅射气体的流速;气压控制指令集以操作节流阀174以保持腔室100种的压力;气体激发器控制指令集以操作气体激发器以设置气体激发能量大小;温度控制指令集以控制支架134中或壁179内的温度控制系统(未示出)以分别设置支架134或壁179的温度;以及工艺监控指令集以监控腔室100中的工艺。
溅射工艺可用于在衬底上沉积包含钛或钛化合物的层。钛层可通过自己或与其他层结合使用。例如,所溅射的钛层可用作阻挡层,举例来说,Ti/TiN叠层通过用作衬垫阻挡层并提供与晶体管的源极和漏极的接触。在另一例子中,将钛层沉积在硅片上,并且部分与硅接触的钛层通过退火转化成硅化钛层。在另一构造中,在金属导体之下的扩散阻挡层包括通过在衬底上溅射沉积钛形成的氧化钛层。还可通过将氧气引入到腔室中同时溅射钛而沉积钛氧化物。还可利用反应溅射法通过将含氮气体引入到腔室中同时溅射钛而沉积钛氮化物。
已经参照某些优选方案对本发明进行了描述,但是,也存在其他方案。例如,靶材136的溅射板和背板141可由在此描述的材料之外的材料制成,并且还可具有其他形状和尺寸。工艺套件200也可以用于其他类型的应用中,这对于普通技术人员来说是显而易见的,例如,蚀刻和CVD腔室。沉积环208、覆盖环212和护板组件150还可以采用其他形状和结构。因此,所附权利要求的精神和范围不应该限于这里所包含的优选实施方式的描述。
Claims (18)
1.一种设置在溅射腔室中衬底支架周围的沉积环,所述衬底支架包括具有平面的衬底承载表面和在所述衬底的悬伸边之前终止的外围侧壁,所述沉积环包括:
(a)环形带,其具有围绕所述支架的所述外围壁的暴露表面,并且所述环形带包括:
(i)沿所述环形带横向延伸的内唇缘,所述内唇缘基本上平行于所述支架的外围壁并在所述支架的所述悬伸边下面终止;
(ii)凸起的脊,其基本上平行于所述衬底支架的所述承载表面的所述平面;
(iii)在所述内唇缘和所述凸起的脊之间的内开口沟道,所述内开口沟道至少部分在所述衬底的所述悬伸边的下面延伸;以及
(iv)所述凸起的脊的径向向外的壁架。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环,其特征在于,所述环形带的所述暴露表面包括150±50微英寸的表面平均粗糙度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环,其特征在于,所述环形带由氧化铝组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的环,其特征在于,所述氧化铝具有至少99.5%的纯度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环,其特征在于,所述环形带的所述暴露表面是颗粒轰击表面。
6.一种包括根据权利要求1所述的沉积环并且还包括覆盖环的环组件,其特征在于,所述沉积环的环形带的凸起的脊和与所述覆盖环间隔设置并覆盖在所述覆盖环的下表面上限定阻止等离子体物质通过狭窄间隙传播的所述间隙。
7.一种设置在溅射腔室中衬底支架周围的覆盖环,所述衬底支架包括具有平面的衬底承载表面,所述覆盖环包括:
(i)环形板,其包括设置在所述衬底支架周围表面上的基脚,以及基本上平行于所述衬底支架的所述承载表面的暴露表面;以及
(ii)第一和第二柱状壁,其从所述环形板向下延伸,所述第一柱状壁具有比所述第二柱状壁的第二长度至少小10%的第一长度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的覆盖环,其特征在于,所述环形板的所述暴露表面包括175±75微英寸的表面平均粗糙度。
9.根据权利要求7所述的覆盖环,其特征在于,所述环形板由不锈钢组成。
10.根据权利要求7所述的覆盖环,其特征在于,所述环形板的所述暴露表面是颗粒轰击表面。
11.一种包括根据权利要求7所述的覆盖环并且还包括沉积环的环组件,其特征在于,所述覆盖环的所述基脚放置在所述沉积环的壁架上,使得所述覆盖环至少部分覆盖所述沉积环。
12.根据权利要求11所述的环组件,其特征在于,所述覆盖环的所述环形板和所述沉积环的凸起的脊限定阻止等离子体物质通过狭窄间隙传播的所述间隙。
13.一种放置在溅射腔室中衬底支架周围的环组件,所述衬底支架包括具有平面的衬底承载表面和在所述衬底的悬伸边之前终止的外围壁,所述环组件包括:
(a)沉积环,其包括具有围绕所述支架的外围壁的暴露表面的环形带,所述环形带包括:
(i)沿所述环形带横向延伸的内唇缘,所述内唇缘基本上平行于所述支架的外围壁并在所述支架的所述悬伸边下面终止;
(ii)凸起的脊,其基本上平行于所述衬底支架的所述承载表面的所述平面;
(iii)在所述内唇缘和所述凸起的脊之间的内开口沟道,所述内开口沟道至少部分在所述衬底的悬伸边的下面延伸;以及
(iv)所述凸起的脊的径向向外的壁架;以及
(b)覆盖环,该覆盖环至少部分覆盖所述沉积环,所述覆盖环包括:
(i)环形板,其包括放置在所述衬底支架周围的表面上的基脚,以及基本上平行于所述衬底支架的所述承载表面的暴露表面;以及
(ii)第一和第二柱状壁,其沿所述环形板向下延伸,所述第一柱状壁具有比所述第二柱状壁的第二长度至少小10%的第一长度。
14.根据权利要求13所述的环组件,其特征在于,如下至少其中之一:
(i)所述沉积环的所述暴露表面包括150±50微英寸的表面平均粗糙度;或
(ii)所述沉积板的所述暴露表面包括175±75微英寸的表面平均粗糙度。
15.一种在溅射腔室中能环绕与衬底支架相对的溅射靶材的溅射板的护板组件,其用于减少溅射沉积物在所述衬底支架和所述腔室的侧壁上的沉积,所述护板包括:
(a)上护板,包括:
(i)支架唇缘;以及
(ii)环形带,其具有第一柱状表面、第二柱状表面和在所述第一和第二表面之间的倾斜表面,其中所述第一柱状表面具有第一直径,其尺寸可以环绕所述溅射靶材的所述溅射板,所述第二柱状表面具有小于所述第一直径的第二直径;以及
(b)上护板,包括:
(i)支架壁架;
(ii)在所述上护板下延伸的柱状外部带;
(iii)从所述柱状外部带的底部端径向向内延伸的基面;以及
(iv)与所述底板连接并至少部分围绕所述衬底支架的柱状内部带。
16.根据权利要求15所述的护板组件,其特征在于,所述上、下护板的所述暴露表面包括175±75微英寸的表面平均粗糙度。
17.根据权利要求15所述的护板组件,其特征在于,所述环形带的所述暴露表面是颗粒轰击表面。
18.根据权利要求15所述的护板组件,其特征在于,所述上、下护板由铝构成。
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- 2006-11-24 CN CN2006101452548A patent/CN1982501B/zh active Active
- 2006-11-24 CN CN2011100360728A patent/CN102086509A/zh active Pending
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CN103839841A (zh) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-06-04 | 上海华虹宏力半导体制造有限公司 | 嵌套工具和反应腔室 |
Also Published As
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US8790499B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 |
CN1982501B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
JP2007146294A (ja) | 2007-06-14 |
US20070125646A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
US20070173059A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
TWI368663B (en) | 2012-07-21 |
US20070170052A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
CN1982501A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
KR101356144B1 (ko) | 2014-02-06 |
JP5661983B2 (ja) | 2015-01-28 |
US8647484B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
KR20070055413A (ko) | 2007-05-30 |
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