CN101622349A - 作为治疗性干预靶标的miR-21调节的基因和途径 - Google Patents
作为治疗性干预靶标的miR-21调节的基因和途径 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于鉴定被miR-21调节的基因或者基因途径,使用miR-21调节基因或者基因途径,使用该谱评估患者状况和/或用适当miRNA治疗患者的方法和组合物。
Description
发明背景
I.技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物学和医学领域。更加具体而言,本发明涉及用于治疗受miR-21小RNA、小RNA表达以及受此直接和间接调节的基因和细胞途径影响的疾病或状况的方法。
II.背景技术
在2001年,几个小组使用克隆方法从秀丽隐杆线虫(C.elegans)、果蝇和人中分离和鉴定了一大群“小RNA”(miRNA)(Lagos-Quintana等,2001;Lau等,2001;Lee和Ambrmbros,2001)。已经在植物和包括人在内的动物中鉴定出几百种miRNA,它们似乎不具有内源siRNA。因此,虽然miRNA与siRNA类似,但是miRNA是不同的。
迄今观察到的miRNA长度有大约21-22个核苷酸,并且它们来源于从非蛋白编码基因转录的更长的前体。参见综述Carrington等(2003)。前体形成在自身互补区折回的结构;然后它们被核酸酶切酶(在动物中)或DCL1(在植物中)加工产生短的双链miRNA。miRNA链之一掺入称作RNA诱导沉默复合体(RISC)的蛋白质和miRNA的复合体中。miRNA指引RISC复合体靶向至靶mRNA,然后依赖于miRNA与其mRNA的序列互补程度将其断裂或者发生翻译沉默。当前,据信完全或近乎完全的互补性导致mRNA降解,这如在植物中最普遍观察到的那样。相反,如主要在动物中发现的那样,不完全的碱基配对导致翻译沉默。然而,最近的资料表明了额外复杂性(Bagga等,2005;Lim等,2005),并且miRNA导致基因沉默的机制仍处于紧张研究中。
最近研究已经表明,众多miRNA的表达水平与各种癌症相关(在Esquela-Kerscher和Slack,2006;Calin和Croce,2006中综述)。也已经表明miRNA参与调节细胞生长和细胞与组织分化,这些是癌症发育相关的细胞过程。
发明人先前证明,hsa-miR-21参与众多细胞活性的调节,这些细胞活性代表着癌症治疗和其他疾病和紊乱治疗的介入点(2005年5月31日提出的美国专利申请序列号11/141,707和2005年11月14日提出的序列号11/273,640)。Hsa-miR-21在许多肿瘤样品中(包括肺肿瘤、结肠肿瘤、乳腺肿瘤、前列腺肿瘤、膀胱肿瘤和甲状腺肿瘤)的表达高于同一患者正常细胞中的表达,并且在慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者白血细胞中的表达高于正常患者白血细胞中的表达。Hsa-miR-21激活编码端粒酶催化结构域的hTert基因。超过90%的人癌症样品具有活化的端粒酶(在Dong等,2005中综述)。发明人还已经观察到,miR-21表达对细胞生长和细胞分裂有影响,减少细胞周期中G1期皮肤细胞(BJ细胞)百分数并增加G2/M期BJ细胞百分数。miR-21抑制剂转染宫颈癌细胞系(HeLa)导致细胞生长显著增加。有趣的是,发明人发现hsa-miR-21降低前列腺癌细胞(22Rv1)的细胞凋亡(程序性细胞死亡)。发明人发现,Hsa-miR-21在狼疮患者细胞样品中的表达水平比正常患者细胞中的表达水平高。系统性红斑狼疮(SLE,狼疮)是慢性炎症性自身免疫病,最终导致免疫复合物介导的末端器官衰竭。相反,miR-21在从多发性硬化(MS)患者分离的脑细胞中的表达低于从正常患者分离的细胞中的表达。其他人随后报道了miR-21在人乳腺肿瘤、结肠肿瘤、肺肿瘤、胰肿瘤、前列腺肿瘤和胃肿瘤(Volinia等,2006)、人脑肿瘤(成胶质细胞瘤)(Ciafre等,2005;Chan等,2005)和恶性人胆管细胞(Meng等,2006)中提高表达。治疗性介入以调节hsa-miR-21所改变基因和基因途径的表达可有效治疗hsa-miR-21相关的癌症、狼疮、MS和其他疾病。
生物信息学分析表明,任何特定miRNA可结合并改变多达几百个不同基因的表达。此外,一个基因可以被几个miRNA调节。因此,每一miRNA可调节基因、基因途径和基因网络间的复杂相互作用。这种牵涉miRNA的调节途径和网络的误调节或改变有可能促成紊乱和疾病,如癌症的发展。虽然生物信息学工具有助于预测miRNA结合靶,但它有局限性。因为miRNA与其靶结合位点的不完全互补性,仅使用生物信息学工具很难精确预测miRNA的mRNA靶。此外,miRNA与靶基因之间的复杂交互调节网路使得很难精确预测哪些基因实际上响应特定miRNA而被误调节。
通过操纵miRNA表达或者通过修复miRNA误调节校正基因表达错误代表着修复遗传病和治疗疾病,如癌症的有前景的方法。如上所述,当前该方法的残缺是任何特定miRNA所影响的调节途径和网络的细节仍然大部分未知。除了PTEN之外,癌细胞中被miR-21调节的基因、基因途径和基因网路仍然大部分未知。当前,这代表着对miR-21可能在其中起作用的癌症治疗的重要限制。需要鉴定hsa-miR-21表达所调节的或者调节hsa-miR-21表达的基因、基因途径和基因网络。
发明内容
通过鉴定miR-21介导改变另外的基因的表达之后miR-21调节的直接靶标基因或者调节的间接或下游靶标基因,本发明提供额外的组合物和方法。此外,发明描述了被miR-21及其家族成员影响的基因、疾病和/或生理途径和网络。在某些方面,本发明组合物向患有、怀疑患有或者有危险发展成代谢性、免疫性、传染性、心血管、消化性、内分泌、眼、泌尿生殖、血液、肌肉骨骼、神经系统、先天性、呼吸、皮肤或癌性疾病或状况的受试者施用。
在特定方面,可以基于一个或一个以上miRNA或mRNA表达和/或异常表达选择用于治疗的受试者或者患者。在进一步的方面中,可以基于一个或一个以上生物或生理途径的异常,包括与途径相关的一个或一个以上基因的异常表达、或者与途径相关的一个或一个以上基因所编码一个或一个以上蛋白质的异常表达选择用于治疗的受试者或者患者。在仍进一步的方面中,可以基于miRNA表达或生物或生理途径异常选择受试者或者患者。可以基于对miRNA或mRNA表达或其缺乏的评定和/或分析,评估受试者对治疗或者治疗方案的敏感性、抗性和/或有效性。可以在向受试者或者患者施用一种治疗之前、之中或之后评估受试者对该治疗的可治疗性。有代表性地,评定或评估可以通过分析miRNA和/或mRNA联合其他评估方法,包括但不限于组织学、免疫组织化学、血液学工作等开展。
在一些实施方案中,传染性疾病或状况包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫或真菌感染。这些基因和途径中多数与多种癌症和其他疾病相关。癌性状况包括,但不限于其中对一个或一个以上基因的调节足以引起治疗反应的星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、脂肪瘤、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌、尿路上皮癌。有代表性地,癌性状况是与不受控生长或不经历细胞死亡,包括细胞凋亡相关的异常高增生性状况。
本发明通过鉴定hsa-miR-21调节的直接靶标基因或者hsa-miR-21介导改变上游基因表达之后所调节的下游靶标基因,克服了本领域的这些问题。此外,本发明描述了生物学样品中受hsa-miR-21表达影响的基因途径和网络。这些基因和途径中多数与多种癌症和其他疾病相关。改变细胞中miR-21的表达或功能将导致这些关键基因表达的改变并促成了疾病的发展。向疾病细胞或者组织中引入miR-21(用于其中miRNA被下调的疾病)或miR-21抑制剂(用于其中miRNA被上调的疾病)将产生治疗反应。本文提供了对受miR-21直接或间接调节的关键基因和与其相关的疾病的鉴定。在某些方面,细胞可以是上皮细胞、基质细胞或黏膜细胞。细胞可以是,但不限于脑细胞、神经元细胞、血液细胞、食管细胞、肺细胞、心血管细胞、肝细胞、乳腺细胞、骨细胞、甲状腺细胞、腺细胞、肾上腺细胞、胰细胞、胃细胞、肠细胞、肾细胞、膀胱细胞、前列腺细胞、子宫细胞、卵巢细胞、睾丸细胞、脾细胞、皮肤细胞、平滑肌细胞、心肌或横纹肌细胞。在某些方面,细胞、组织或靶标不应是miRNA表达缺陷性的,然而可以仍然治疗性响应miRNA表达或过表达。miR-21可以用作任何这些疾病的治疗靶标。在某些实施方案中,miR-21抑制剂用于降低受试者、器官、组织或细胞中的miR-21活性。
细胞、组织或者受试者可以是癌症细胞、癌性组织、潜伏癌性组织,或者可以是诊断患有或者有危险发展成疾病或状况的受试者或者患者。在某些方面,癌症细胞是神经元细胞、神经胶质细胞、肺细胞、肝细胞、脑细胞、乳腺细胞、膀胱细胞、血液细胞、白血病细胞、结肠细胞、子宫内膜细胞、胃细胞、皮肤细胞、卵巢细胞、脂肪细胞、骨细胞、宫颈细胞、食管细胞、胰细胞、前列腺细胞、肾细胞或甲状腺细胞。在仍进一步的方面中,癌症包括,但不限于星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、脂肪瘤、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌、尿路上皮癌。
本发明实施方案包括调节细胞、组织或受试者中基因表达或生物或生理途径的方法,包括向细胞、组织或者受试者施用一定量分离的核酸或其模拟物,所述一定量分离的核酸或其模拟物包含足以调节受miR-21 miRNA正向或负向调节的基因表达的miR-21或miR-21抑制剂核酸序列。“miR-21核酸序列”或“miR-21抑制剂”包括miR-21全长前体或其互补物以及相关序列,包括hsa-miR-21(MIMAT0000076,SEQ ID NO:1)、miR-21(MIMAT0002325,SEQ IDNO:2)、bta-miR-21(MIMAT0003528,SEQ ID NO:3)、bta-miR-21*(MIMAT0003745,SEQ ID NO:4)、dre-miR-21(MIMAT0001787,SEQ ID NO:5)、fru-miR-21(MIMAT0002999,SEQ ID NO:6)、gga-miR-21(MIMAT0003774,SEQID NO:7)、ggo-miR-21(MIMAT0002322,SEQ ID NO:8)、mdo-miR-21(MIMAT0004091,SEQ ID NO:9)、mml-miR-21(MIMAT0002320,SEQ IDNO:10)、mmu-miR-21(MIMAT0000530,SEQ ID NO:11)、mne-miR-21(MIMAT0002324,SEQ ID NO:12)、ppa-miR-21(MIMAT0002326,SEQ IDNO:13)、ppy-miR-21(MIMAT0002323,SEQ ID NO:14)、ptr-miR-21(MIMAT0002321,SEQ ID NO:15)、rno-miR-21(MIMAT0000790,SEQ IDNO:16)、ssc-miR-21(MIMAT0002165,SEQ ID NO:17)、tni-miR-21(MIMAT0003000,SEQ ID NO:18)、hsa-mir-21(MI0000077,SEQ ID NO:19)、age-mir-21(MI0002626,SEQ ID NO:20)、bta-mir-21(MI0004742,SEQ ID NO:21)、dre-mir-21-1(MI0001908,SEQ ID NO:22)、dre-mir-21-2(MI0001909,SEQ IDNO:23)、fru-mir-21(MI0003325,SEQ ID NO:24)、gga-mir-21(MI0004994,SEQID NO:25)、ggo-mir-21(MI0002623,SEQ ID NO:26)、mdo-mir-21(MI0005275,SEQ ID NO:27)、mml-mir-21(MI0002621,SEQ ID NO:28)、mmu-mir-21(MI0000569,SEQ ID NO:29)、mne-mir-21(MI0002625,SEQ ID NO:30)、ppa-mir-21(MI0002627,SEQ ID NO:31)、ppy-mir-21(MI0002624,SEQ IDNO:32)、ptr-mir-21(MI0002622,SEQ ID NO:33)、rno-mir-21(MI0000850,SEQID NO:34)、ssc-mir-21(MI0002459,SEQ ID NO:35)、tni-mir-21(MI0003326,SEQID NO:36)或其互补物,以及前体miRNA或其加工序列,或其互补物的5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29或更多个核苷酸,包括所有范围和它们之间的整数。在某些实施方案中,miR-21核酸序列或miR-21抑制剂包含全长的加工miRNA序列或其互补物,并且被称作“miR-21全长加工核酸序列”或“miR-21全长加工抑制剂序列”。在仍进一步的方面中,miR-21核酸包含与SEQ ID NO:1至SEQ ID NO:36至少75、80、85、90、95、98、99或100%同源性的miR-21的至少一个5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、232、24、25、50核苷酸(包括它们之间的所有范围和整数)片段或互补片段。在某些方面,会使用包括一些但并非全部所列miR-21家族成员的miRNA亚组。应该考虑到一个或一个以上miR-21家族成员或miR-21 miRNA会明确排除在本发明某些实施方案之外。通用术语miR-21包括miR-21家族所有成员。
在特别的实施方案中,包含miR-21或miR-21抑制剂的核酸是hsa-miR-21或hsa-miR-21抑制剂或其变体。在进一步的方面中,miR-21核酸或miR-21抑制剂可以与1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多个miRNA或miRNA抑制剂一起施用。miRNA或其互补物可以并行施用、顺序施用或者以安排的进程施用。在某些方面,miR-21或miR-21抑制剂可以与let-7、miR-15a、miR-16、miR-20、miR-26a、miR-31、miR-34a、miR-126、miR-143、miR-145、miR-147、miR-188、miR-200b、miR-200c、miR-215、miR-216、miR-292-3p和/或miR-331中一个或一个以上联合施用。miRNA或其抑制剂的全部或组合可以在单一制剂中施用。施用可以在第二治疗法之前、之中或之后。
miR-21核酸或其互补物还可以包括多个异源核酸序列,即不是典型性天然有效连接至miR-21的那些序列,例如启动子、增强子等。miR-21核酸是重组核酸,并且可以是核糖核酸或脱氧核糖核酸。重组核酸可包含miR-21或miR-21抑制剂表达盒,即当导入包含核酸合成成分的环境中时表达核酸的核酸片段。在进一步的方面中,表达盒包含在病毒、或质粒DNA载体或其他治疗性核酸载体或递送运载体,包括脂质体等等之中。在某些方面,病毒载体可以以1×102、1×103、1×104、1×105、1×106、1×107、1×108、1×109、1×1010、1×1011、1×1012、1×1013、1×1014pfu或病毒颗粒(vp)施用。
在特定方面中,miR-21核酸或miR-21抑制剂是合成的核酸。此外,本发明核酸可以是完全合成或部分合成。在仍进一步的方面中,本发明核酸或编码其的DNA可以以0.001、0.01、0.1、1、10、20、30、40、50、100、200、400、600、800、1000、2000至4000μg或mg施用,包括它们之间的所有数值和范围。在仍然进一步的方面中,本发明核酸,包括合成的核酸,可以以0.001、0.01、0.1、1、10、20、30、40、50、100至200μg或mg每千克(kg)体重施用。其中所述的每一种量可以在一段时间内施用,包括0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10分钟、小时、天、周、月或年,包括它们之间的所有数值和范围。
在某些实施方案中,组合物的施用可以是肠内的或肠胃外的。在某些方面,肠内施用是口服。在更多方面中,肠胃外施用是病变部内、血管内、颅内、胸膜内、瘤内、腹膜内、肌内、淋巴内、腺内、皮下、局部、支气管内、气管内、鼻内、吸入或滴注。本发明组合物可区域施用或局部施用并且没必要直接施用入病变部内。
在某些方面,受调节的一个基因或多个基因包含表1、3、4和/或5中鉴定的1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、100、150、200或更多个基因或基因组合。在仍进一步的方面中,受调节的一个基因或多个基因可排除表1、3、4和5中鉴定的1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、100、150、175或更多个基因或基因组合。调节包括调节细胞、组织或器官中的转录、mRNA水平、mRNA翻译和/或蛋白质水平。在某些方面,基因表达或基因产物水平,例如mRNA,被下调或上调。在特定方面中,被调节的基因包含或选自(并且可能甚至排除)表1、3、4和/或5中鉴定的1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28个或全部的基因或其任意组合。在某些实施方案中,被调节的或者选择待调节的基因来自表1。在进一步的实施方案中,被调节的或者选择待调节的基因来自表3。在仍进一步的实施方案中,被调节的或者选择待调节的基因来自表4。在仍然进一步的实施方案中,被调节的或者选择待调节的基因来自表5。本发明实施方案还可以包括,在选择治疗模式,例如施用miR-21核酸、miR-21抑制剂或其模拟物之前,得到或评估靶细胞的基因表达谱或miRNA谱。与通过登录号或者数据库提交号所指定核酸和基因有关的数据库内容从本申请的提交日起通过参考并入本文。在本发明的某些方面,一个或一个以上miRNA或miRNA抑制剂可以调节单一基因。在进一步的方面中,在一个或一个以上遗传途径、细胞途径或生理途径中的一个或一个以上基因可以被一个或一个以上miRNA或其互补物,包括与其他miRNA组合的miR-21核酸和miR-21抑制剂调节。
表1.用前体-miR hsa-miR-21转染人癌症细胞后增加表达(正值)或降低表达(负值)的基因
基因符号 | RefSeq转录物IDPruitt等,2005 | /Δlog2 |
--- | XM_371853 | 1.13097 |
ACOX2 | NM_003500 | -1.05468 |
ACTR2 | NM_001005386///NM_005722 | 1.08231 |
ADK | NM_001123///NM_006721 | -0.83679 |
ADRB2 | NM_000024 | 0.760838 |
ANTXR1 | NM_018153///NM_032208///NM_053034 | 0.758301 |
AP1S2 | NM_003916 | 0.764086 |
APOH | NM_000042 | -0.89404 |
APP | NM_000484///NM_201413///NM_201414 | 0.888839 |
AQP3 | NM_004925 | -1.27069 |
AR | NM_000044///NM_001011645 | -0.73525 |
ARHGDIB | NM_001175 | 0.854745 |
ARL2BP | NM_012106 | 1.46359 |
ARPC4 | NM_001024959///NM_001024960///NM_005718 | -1.35651 |
ASPH | NM_004318///NM_020164///NM_032466///NM_032467///NM_032468 | -1.28176 |
ATF5 | NM_012068 | -0.85295 |
ATP6V0E | NM_003945 | -0.73741 |
AXL | NM_001699///NM_021913 | 1.33396 |
B4GALT1 | NM_001497 | -1.0195 |
B4GALT4 | NM_003778///NM_212543 | -1.29718 |
BAT2D1 | NM_015172 | -0.8874 |
BCL2A1 | NM_004049 | 0.783376 |
BTG3 | NM_006806 | -0.98501 |
C1orf116 | NM_023938 | 1.33321 |
C1orf121 | NM_016076 | -0.81838 |
C2orf31 | --- | -1.84096 |
C4BPB | NM_000716///NM_001017364///NM_001017365///NM_001017366///NM_001017367 | 1.28947 |
C6orf155 | NM_024882 | 0.703387 |
C8orf1 | NM_004337 | -0.88297 |
CALB2 | NM_001740///NM_007087///NM_007088 | 0.761446 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | -0.90625 |
CCPG1 | NM_004748///NM_020739 | -1.0259 |
CDC14B | NM_003671///NM_033331///NM_033332 | -1.16156 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | -0.72075 |
CFH ///CFHL1 | NM_000186///NM_001014975///NM_002113 | -0.92038 |
CGI-48 | NM_016001 | 1.45573 |
CMKOR1 | NM_020311 | 0.747476 |
COL4A1 | NM_001845 | 0.71464 |
COMMD10 | NM_016144 | -1.07805 |
CPS1 | NM_001875 | -1.0634 |
CRIPT | NM_014171 | -0.82576 |
CSPG2 | NM_004385 | -0.86416 |
CTDSP2 | NM_005730 | 0.720369 |
CTGF | NM_001901 | 0.700216 |
CUL5 | NM_003478 | -0.79507 |
CXCL2 | NM_002089 | 0.714991 |
CYP4F11 | NM_021187 | -0.74305 |
CYP4F3 | NM_000896 | -0.70027 |
DIO2 | NM_000793///NM_001007023///NM_013989 | 1.01403 |
DNAJB9 | NM_012328 | -0.79962 |
DYRK2 | NM_003583///NM_006482 | -0.8505 |
EEF1D | NM_001960///NM_032378 | 0.963927 |
EFEMP1 | NM_004105///NM_018894 | 1.28526 |
EIF2S1 | NM_004094 | -0.99772 |
EIF5A2 | NM_020390 | -0.74704 |
ENO1 | NM_001428 | 1.08407 |
EPAS1 | NM_001430 | 0.711799 |
FBXO11 | NM_012167///NM_018693///NM_025133 | 0.955781 |
FECH | NM_000140///NM_001012515 | -1.03807 |
FGF2 | NM_002006 | -0.75454 |
FGFBP1 | NM_005130 | 0.708198 |
FGG | NM_000509///NM_021870 | -1.30893 |
FLJ11184 | NM_018352 | -0.91945 |
FLJ21159 | NM_024826 | -1.09733 |
FLJ22965 | NM_022101 | -1.3681 |
FLRT3 | NM_013281///NM_198391 | -0.96516 |
GABRA5 | NM_000810 | -1.15595 |
GALC | NM_000153 | -0.74644 |
GLUL | NM_001033044///NM_001033056///NM_002065 | -1.09349 |
GNA13 | NM_006572 | -0.74478 |
HCCS | NM_005333 | -0.81161 |
HDAC1 | NM_004964 | -0.82041 |
HKDC1 | NM_025130 | -0.82905 |
HSPA1B | NM_005346 | -0.92389 |
IER3IP1 | NM_016097 | 0.936968 |
IL8 | NM_000584 | 0.74969 |
INSL4 | NM_002195 | -0.72276 |
IQGAP2 | NM_006633 | -1.41865 |
ITGB6 | NM_000888 | 1.2496 |
KCNJ16 | NM_018658///NM_170741///NM_170742 | -1.07666 |
KCNK3 | NM_002246 | -0.76252 |
KCNS3 | NM_002252 | 0.770361 |
KIAA0882 | NM_015130 | -0.71012 |
KLHL2 | NM_007246 | -1.09802 |
KRT7 | NM_005556 | 1.07397 |
LAMC2 | NM_005562///NM_018891 | 1.31751 |
LMNB1 | NM_005573 | 0.730945 |
LRP12 | NM_013437 | -0.81786 |
MAP3K2 | NM_006609 | 0.719898 |
MCL1 | NM_021960///NM_182763 | 1.51332 |
ME1 | NM_002395 | -0.7155 |
METAP2 | NM_006838 | -0.73506 |
MGC11332 | NM_032718 | -0.83428 |
MTUS1 | NM_001001924///NM_001001925///NM_001001927///NM_001001931///NM_020749 | -1.49598 |
MYBL1 | XM_034274 | 0.713846 |
NARF | NM_012336///NM_031968 | -1.15792 |
NEFL | NM_006158 | 0.867939 |
NF1 | NM_000267 | -1.07566 |
NUCKS | NM_022731 | 2.03973 |
PBX1 | NM_002585 | -1.04099 |
PCAF | NM_003884 | -0.94127 |
PDCD4 | NM_014456///NM_145341 | -1.04151 |
PDGFRL | NM_006207 | -0.80197 |
PDPK1 | NM_002613///NM_031268 | -1.48129 |
PDZK1IP1 | NM_005764 | 1.08519 |
PELI2 | NM_021255 | -0.95866 |
PGK1 | NM_000291 | 1.67609 |
PHTF2 | NM_020432 | -0.75879 |
PICALM | NM_001008660///NM_007166 | 0.813843 |
PLA2G4A | NM_024420 | -1.40978 |
PMCH | NM_002674 | 1.14633 |
PMM2 | NM_000303 | -1.5893 |
PODXL | NM_001018111///NM_005397 | 1.21379 |
PPIF | NM_005729 | -1.05829 |
PRO1843 | --- | 1.24779 |
PROSC | NM_007198 | -1.22591 |
PTENP1 | --- | 0.962942 |
PTGS2 | NM_000963 | -0.77568 |
PTK9 | NM_002822///NM_198974 | 1.02719 |
RAB11FIP1 | NM_001002233///NM_001002814///NM_025151 | -1.38907 |
RAB2 | NM_002865 | 1.36449 |
RBP4 | NM_006744 | -0.871 |
RDX | NM_002906 | -1.07756 |
RHEB | NM_005614 | 1.26749 |
RIP | NM_001033002///NM_032308 | 1.56595 |
RNASE4 | NM_002937///NM_194430///NM_194431 | -0.98349 |
RNF14 | NM_004290///NM_183398///NM_183399///NM_183400///NM_183401 | -0.83596 |
RP2 | NM_006915 | -1.62948 |
RPL14 | NM_001034996///NM_003973 | 1.22973 |
RPL38 | NM_000999 | 1.16683 |
RPS11 | NM_001015 | 1.42233 |
RTCD1 | NM_003729 | -1.07276 |
S100A2 | NM_005978 | 0.846567 |
SCML1 | NM_006746 | -0.79531 |
SEC24A | XM_094581 | -1.13778 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | 0.744786 |
SGPP1 | NM_030791 | -0.82986 |
SLC35A1 | NM_006416 | -1.08915 |
SLC4A4 | NM_003759 | -0.8025 |
SLC4A7 | NM_003615 | -1.14829 |
SMAD3 | NM_005902 | 0.749013 |
SMARCA2 | NM_003070///NM_139045 | 0.750306 |
SNA12 | NM_003068 | 0.932529 |
SNRPC | NM_003093 | -1.06849 |
SOAT1 | NM_003101 | -0.72804 |
SOCS2 | NM_003877 | 0.774624 |
SON | NM_003103///NM_032195///NM_058183///NM_138925///NM_138926///NM_138927 | -0.75043 |
SPFH1 | NM_006459 | -0.90564 |
SPFH2 | NM_001003790///NM_001003791///NM_007175 | -1.23499 |
SPTBN1 | NM_003128///NM_178313 | 0.794145 |
SRI | NM_003130///NM_198901 | -1.02235 |
STC1 | NM_003155 | 0.749236 |
SUMO2 | NM_001005849///NM_006937 | 0.801452 |
SWAP70 | NM_015055 | -1.60046 |
SYNJ2BP | NM_018373 | -1.05688 |
SYT1 | NM_005639 | -0.99728 |
TAF11 | NM_005643 | -1.03595 |
TAF15 | NM_003487///NM_139215 | 0.727764 |
TARDBP | NM_007375 | -1.1376 |
TFG | NM_001007565///NM_006070 | 0.868146 |
TMEM2 | NM_013390 | -1.13994 |
TMEM45A | NM_018004 | -0.74721 |
TncRNA | --- | 0.845166 |
TNFSF9 | NM_003811 | -0.94214 |
TNS1 | NM_022648 | 1.02259 |
TOX | NM_014729 | 0.999269 |
TPM1 | NM_000366///NM_001018004///NM_001018005///NM_001018006///NM_001018007// | 1.4774 |
TPR | NM_003292 | -0.74923 |
TRA1 | NM_003299 | 1.79559 |
TTC3 | NM_001001894///NM_003316 | -0.94136 |
TUBB4 | NM_006087 | -0.72957 |
TXN | NM_003329 | 1.24085 |
UBE2I | NM_003345///NM_194259///NM_194260///NM_194261 | 1.06279 |
UBE2V1///Kua-UEV | NM_001032288///NM_003349///NM_021988///NM_022442///NM_199144///NM_1992 | -1.81551 |
VAV3 | NM_006113 | -0.91068 |
VDAC3 | NM_005662 | 1.09236 |
VIL2 | NM_003379 | 1.25256 |
WDR1 | NM_005112///NM_017491 | -0.90508 |
WIG1 | NM_022470///NM_152240 | -0.76639 |
WIPI49 | NM_017983 | -0.76009 |
WNT7B | NM_058238 | -0.91397 |
WSB2 | NM_018639 | 0.799043 |
本发明的进一步的实施方案涉及调节细胞途径的方法,包括向细胞施用分离的核酸,所述分离的核酸包含足以调节细胞途径,特别是表2所述那些途径或者已知包括表1、3、4和/或5中一个或一个以上基因的途径的表达、功能、状况或状态的数量的miR-21核酸序列或miR-21抑制剂。细胞途径的调节包括,但不限于调节一个或一个以上基因的表达。基因调节可包括抑制内源miRNA的功能或者向细胞、组织或者受试者提供功能性miRNA。调节指基因或其相关基因产物(例如mRNA)或蛋白质的表达水平或活性,例如mRNA水平可以被调节,或者mRNA翻译可以被调节。调节可以增加或者上调基因或基因产物,或者其可以降低或下调基因或基因产物(例如蛋白质水平或活性)。
仍然进一步的实施方案包括施用miRNA或其模拟物和/或治疗患有、怀疑患有或者有危险发展成病理状况的受试者或者患者的方法,包括下列一个或一个以上步骤(a)向患者或受试者施用一定量的分离的核酸,所述一定量的分离的核酸包含足以调节细胞途径表达的量的miR-21核酸序列或miR-21抑制剂;和(b)施用第二治疗法,其中细胞途径的调节使患者或受试者对第二治疗法敏感或者提高第二治疗法的有效性。有效性提高可以包括降低第二治疗法的毒性、剂量或持续时间,或者有累加效应或协同效应。细胞途径可包括,但不限于下表2中所述的一个或一个以上途径,或者已知包括表1、3、4和/或5中一个或一个以上基因的途径。第二治疗法可以在分离的核酸或miRNA或抑制剂施用之前、之中和/或之后施用。
第二治疗法可以包括施用第二miRNA或治疗性核酸,例如siRNA或反义寡核苷酸,或可以包括多种标准治疗法,例如药物、化学治疗、放射治疗、药物治疗、免疫治疗等。本发明实施方案还可以包括确定或评估基因表达或基因表达谱,用于选择适当治疗法。在特定方面中,第二治疗法是化学治疗。化学治疗可包括,但不限于紫杉醇、顺铂、碳铂、阿霉素、草酸铂、larotaxel、红豆杉醇、拉帕替尼、多西他塞、甲氨蝶呤、卡培他滨、长春瑞滨、环磷酰胺、吉西他滨、氨柔比星、阿糖胞苷、依托泊苷、喜树碱、地塞米松、达沙替尼、替吡法尼、贝伐单抗、西罗莫司、西罗莫司脂化物、依维莫司、洛那法尼、西妥昔单抗、埃罗替尼、吉非替尼、甲磺酸伊马替尼、利妥昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗、洛可达唑、索拉非尼、舒尼替尼、硼替佐米、阿仑单抗、吉妥单抗、托西莫单抗或替伊莫单抗。
本发明实施方案包括治疗患有疾病或状况的受试者的方法,包括下列一个或一个以上步骤(a)确定选自表1、3、4和/或5的一个或一个以上基因的表达谱;(b)基于表达谱评估受试者对治疗法的敏感性;(c)基于所评估的敏感性选择治疗法;和(d)使用所选择的治疗法治疗受试者。有代表性地,疾病或状况将具有作为成分的指示物,或者出现表1、3、4和/或5的一个或一个以上基因的误调节。
在某些方面,2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多个miRNA可以顺序使用或者组合使用。例如,可以基于观察两个给定miRNA共享在特定疾病或状况中被改变的、表1,2,4和/或5所列一组靶基因或途径,选择miR-21或miR-21抑制剂与另一miRNA或抑制剂的任意组合。该两个miRNA可以导致治疗改善(例如毒性降低、效果更大、延长缓解时间或者受试者状况的其他改善)、效果增强、出现提供额外或改善治疗反应的累加效应或协同效应。不希望被任何特定理论所束缚,两个miRNA的协同作用是更有效地调节同一基因或相关基因(通过共同的途径或生物学最终结果关联)的结果(例如源于同一靶标或相关靶标上不同的结合位点)和/或调节不同基因的结果,但是在疾病或状况中已经涉及所有这些。
在某些方面,miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和let-7可以向患有急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌或尿路上皮癌的患者施用。
进一步的方面包括向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌或甲状腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-15。
在仍进一步的方面中,向患有星细胞瘤、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌或甲状腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-16。
本发明方面包括向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌或头颈部鳞状细胞癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-20的方法。
在仍进一步的方面中,向患有急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、白血病、黑素瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌或前列腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-26a。
在仍然进一步的方面中,向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌或尿路上皮癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-34a。
在某些方面,向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌或甲状腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-126。
在进一步的方面中,向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌或甲状腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-143。
在仍进一步的方面中,向患有星细胞瘤、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、脂肪瘤、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌或甲状腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-147。
仍然在另一方面,向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、白血病、黑素瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌或甲状腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-188。
在更多方面,向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、脂肪瘤、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌或尿路上皮癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-215。
在某些方面,向患有星细胞瘤、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、前列腺癌或头颈部鳞状细胞癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-216。
在进一步的方面中,向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、白血病、脂肪瘤、黑素瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌或尿路上皮癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-292-3p。
在仍进一步的方面中,向患有星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、白血病、黑素瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌或甲状腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-331。
在仍然进一步的方面中,向患有乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、白血病、脂肪瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌或甲状腺癌的患者施用miR-21或miR-21抑制剂和miR-200b/c。
应该考虑到当miR-21或miR-21抑制剂与一种或一种以上其他miRNA分子组合施用时,两种不同miRNA或抑制剂可以同时施用或者相继施用。在一些实施方案中,治疗以一种miRNA或抑制剂进行,并且在治疗1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55分钟、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24小时、1、2、3、4、5、6、7天、1、2、3、4、5周、或者1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个月或者任意此类组合之后紧接着用其他miRNA或抑制剂治疗。
更多实施方案包括鉴定和评估指示细胞或组织中miR-21状态的表达谱,包括来自表1、3、4和/或5的一个或一个以上基因或者其任意组合的表达评估。
术语“miRNA”依照其普通的和显然的含义使用并且指在真核生物中存在的、涉及基于RNA的基因调节的小RNA分子。见,例如Carrington等,2003,其通过参考并入本文。术语可以指从前体加工而来的单链RNA分子或者在某些情况下指其前体本身或者其模拟物。
在一些实施方案中,对知道细胞是否内源性表达特定miRNA或者此种表达是否在特定情况下受影响或者何时其处于特定疾病状态是有用的。因此,在本发明的一些实施方案中,方法包括测定细胞或者包含细胞的样品中指示目的基因表达水平的一个或一个以上miRNA标志基因或mRNA或其他分析物的存在。因此,在一些实施方案中,方法包括产生样品RNA谱的步骤。术语“RNA谱”或“基因表达谱”指关于样品中一个或一个以上基因或遗传标记表达模式的一组数据(例如鉴定来自表1、3、4和/或5的一个或一个以上标记或基因的多个核酸探针);应该考虑到核酸谱可以使用一组RNA、使用例如本领域普通技术人员众所周知的核酸扩增或杂交技术得到。患者样品中的表达谱与参照表达谱,例如来自正常或者非病理样品的表达谱或者数字化参照之间的差异指示着病理、疾病或癌性状况。在某些方面,表达谱是发展成此种状况之倾向或可能性的指示物(即,疾病或状况的危险因素)。此种危险性或倾向性指示着进行治疗、增加监控、预防措施等等。核酸或探针组可以包含或鉴定相应mRNA的片段,并且可以包括表1、3、4和/或5所列的或者通过本文所述方法鉴定的基因或遗传标记或核酸、mRNA或其代表性探针的全部或者1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、100、200、500或更多个片段,包括可以从它们当中导出的任何整数或范围的部分。
本发明的某些实施方案涉及用于评估、预测或治疗患者中病理状况的组合物和方法,包括测量或确定患者样品中一个或一个以上miRNA或标记的表达谱,其中患者样品的表达谱与正常样品的表达谱或参照表达谱之间的差异指示着病理状态和特定癌症。在本发明的某些方面,miRNA、细胞途径、基因或遗传标记是或代表着表1、2、3、4和/或5中所述一个或一个以上途径或标记,包括它们的任意组合。
本发明的方面包括诊断、评估或治疗病理状况或者预防病理状况出现症状。例如,可以使用方法筛选病理状况;评估病理状况的预后;将病理状况分级;评估病理状况对治疗的反应;或作为第一治疗调节一个基因、多个基因或相关途径的表达或者使受试者对第二治疗法更敏感或更易反应。在特定方面,评估患者的病理状况可以评估患者的预后。预后可包括,但不限于估算存活时间或期望存活时间,评估对治疗法的反应等。在某些方面,一个或一个以上基因或标记的改变表达预示着患者具有病理状况,其中标记是表1、3、4和/或5中的一个或一个以上,包括其任意组合。
表2.在人癌细胞中过表达hsa-miR-21之后显著改变的功能性细胞途径
基因数量 | 途径功能 |
13 | 基因表达,癌症,细胞死亡 |
11 | 细胞装配和组织,癌症,免疫性疾病 |
11 | 细胞死亡,细胞形态学,血液系统发育和功能 |
11 | 细胞周期,细胞发育,骨骼和肌肉系统发育和功能 |
8 | 免疫应答,细胞与细胞的信号转导和相互作用,血液系统发育和功能 |
1 | 免疫应答,细胞装配和组织,基因表达 |
1 | 心血管疾病,细胞装配和组织,结缔组织发育和功能 |
1 | 心血管系统发育和功能,细胞形态学,细胞发育 |
1 | 癌症,毛发和皮肤发育和功能,神经系统发育和功能 |
1 | 氨基酸代谢,细胞形态学,细胞装配和组织 |
1 | 细胞死亡,细胞与细胞的信号转导和相互作用,细胞生长和增殖 |
1 | 细胞装配和组织,细胞形态学,分子转运 |
1 | 细胞形态学,细胞与细胞的信号转导和相互作用,细胞装配和组织 |
1 | 分子转运,蛋白质运输,细胞与细胞的信号转导和相互作用 |
1 | 细胞信号转导,分子转运,神经疾病 |
表3.针对Ref Seq ID参考序列-Pruitt等,2005预测的hsa-miR-21靶基因
基因符号 | RefSeq转录物ID | 描述 |
A2BP1 | NM_145891 | 共济失调蛋白2-结合蛋白1同种型1 |
AADAT | NM_016228 | α-氨基己二酸氨基转移酶 |
ABCA1 | NM_005502 | ATP-结合盒,亚家族A成员1 |
ABCD2 | NM_005164 | ATP-结合盒,亚家族D,成员2 |
ABCD3 | NM_002858 | ATP-结合盒,亚家族D,成员3 |
ABHD4 | NM_022060 | 含自水解酶结构域4 |
ACAT1 | NM_000019 | 乙酰辅酶A乙酰转移酶1前体 |
ACBD5 | NM_145698 | 含酰基辅酶A结合结构域5 |
ACPT | NM_080789 | 睾丸酸性磷酸酶同种型b前体 |
ACTA1 | NM_001100 | α1肌动蛋白前体 |
ACTR6 | NM_022496 | ARP6肌动蛋白相关蛋白6同系物 |
ACVR2A | NM_001616 | 激活蛋白A受体,类型IIA前体 |
ACYIL2 | NM_001010853 | 假定蛋白LOC135293 |
ADAL | NM_001012969 | 假定蛋白LOC161823 |
ADAMTS3 | NM_014243 | 具有血小板反应蛋白的ADAM金属肽酶类型1 |
ADARB1 | NM_001033049 | RNA-特异性腺苷脱氨酶B1同种型4 |
ADCY1 | NM_021116 | 脑腺苷酸环化酶1 |
ADCY2 | NM_020546 | 腺苷酸环化酶2 |
ADNP | NM_015339 | 活性依赖神经保护因子 |
ADPGK | NM_031284 | ADP-依赖性葡糖激酶 |
AFF2 | NM_002025 | 脆性X智力低下2 |
AGBL4 | NM_032785 | 假定蛋白LOC84871 |
AGGF1 | NM_018046 | 血管生成因子VG5Q |
AGPAT5 | NM_018361 | 1-酰基甘油-3-磷酸O-酰基转移酶5 |
AIM1L | NM_017977 | 黑素瘤缺乏1样 |
AK2 | NM_013411 | 腺苷酸激酶2同种型b |
AKAP6 | NM_004274 | A-激酶锚定蛋白6 |
AKAP7 | NM_004842 | A-激酶锚定蛋白7同种型α |
AKR1C2 | NM_001354 | 醛-酮还原酶家族1,成员C2 |
AKR7A2 | NM_003689 | 醛-酮还原酶家族7,成员A2 |
ALDH9A1 | NM_000696 | 醛脱氢酶9A1 |
AMPD3 | NM_000480 | 红细胞腺苷一磷酸脱氨酶 |
ANGEL1 | NM_015305 | Angel同系物1 |
ANKRD44 | NM_153697 | 假定蛋白DKFZp434D2328 |
ANKRD46 | NM_198401 | 锚蛋白重复结构域46 |
ANKRD49 | NM_017704 | 胎儿珠蛋白诱导因子 |
ANKS1B | NM_020140 | Cajalin2同种型c |
ANP32E | NM_030920 | 酸性(亮氨酸丰富)核磷蛋白32 |
AP3S1 | NM_001002924 | 衔接因子相关蛋白复合体3,σ1 |
AP4E1 | NM_007347 | 衔接因子相关蛋白复合体4,ε1 |
APAF1 | NM_001160 | 细胞凋亡蛋白酶活化因子同种型b |
APH1A | NM_016022 | 前咽缺陷1同系物A |
APOLD1 | NM_030817 | 含载脂蛋白L结构域1 |
APPL | NM_012096 | 含pH结构域,PTB结构域衔接蛋白 |
AQP2 | NM_000486 | 水通道蛋白2 |
ARCN1 | NM_001655 | 古蛋白 |
ARHGAP19 | NM_032900 | Rho GTP酶激活蛋白19 |
ARHGAP5 | NM_001030055 | Rho GTP酶激活蛋白5同种型a |
ARHGEF10 | NM_014629 | Rho鸟苷酸交换因子10 |
ARHGEF3 | NM_019555 | Rho鸟苷酸交换因子3 |
ARHGEF7 | NM_003899 | Rho鸟苷酸交换因子7同种型 |
ARID3B | NM_006465 | AT丰富相互作用结构域3B(Bright样) |
ARIH2 | NM_006321 | ariadne同系物2 |
ARL11 | NM_138450 | ADP-核糖基化因子样11 |
ARMC8 | NM_015396 | 含犰狳蛋白重复单位8同种型2 |
ARMCX1 | NM_016608 | 含犰狳蛋白重复单位,X-连锁1 |
ARMCX3 | NM_016607 | ALEX3蛋白质 |
ARMCX5 | NM_022838 | 含犰狳蛋白重复单位,X-连锁5 |
ARNT2 | NM_014862 | 芳烃受体核易位蛋白 |
ARPP-19 | NM_006628 | 环AMP磷蛋白,19kD |
ASB18 | NM_212556 | 含锚蛋白重复和SOCS盒18 |
ASB6 | NM_017873 | 含锚蛋白重复和SOCS盒6同种型 |
ASCC3 | NM_022091 | 激活信号辅整合素1复合体亚基 |
ASCL1 | NM_004316 | 无刚毛鳞甲复合体同系物样1 |
ASF1A | NM_014034 | ASF1抗沉默功能1同系物A |
ASPA | NM_000049 | 天冬氨酸酰基转移酶 |
ASPN | NM_017680 | Asporin(LRR类1) |
ATF7 | NM_006856 | 转录激活因子7 |
ATM | NM_000051 | 共济失调-毛细血管扩张突变蛋白质同种型1 |
ATP10D | NM_020453 | ATP酶,类V,类型10D |
ATP11B | NM_014616 | ATP酶,类VI,类型11B |
ATP13A4 | NM_032279 | ATP酶类型13A4 |
ATP2B1 | NM_001001323 | 质膜钙ATP酶1同种型1a |
ATP2B4 | NM_001001396 | 质膜钙ATP酶4同种型4a |
ATP6V1A | NM_001690 | ATP酶,H+转运,溶酶体70kD,V1 |
ATP6V1C1 | NM_001007254 | ATP酶,H+转运,溶酶体42kDa,V1 |
ATP9A | NM_006045 | ATP酶,类II,类型9A |
C10orf137 | NM_015608 | 红细胞分化相关因子1 |
C10orf42 | NM_138357 | 假定蛋白LOC90550 |
C10orf53 | NM_182554 | 假定蛋白LOC282966 |
C10orf93 | NM_173572 | 假定蛋白LOC255352 |
C10orf97 | NM_024948 | 10号染色体开放阅读框97 |
C11orf17 | NM_182901 | 10号染色体开放阅读框17 |
C12orf12 | NM_152638 | 假定蛋白LOC196477 |
C12orf35 | NM_018169 | 假定蛋白LOC55196 |
C13orf23 | NM_025138 | 假定蛋白LOC80209 |
C14orf139 | NM_024633 | 假定蛋白LOC79686 |
C14orf155 | NM_032135 | 假定蛋白LOC84075 |
C14orf173 | NM_001031714 | 假定蛋白LOC64423同种型1 |
C14orf32 | NM_144578 | MAPK-相互作用和纺锤体稳定性 |
C14orf4 | NM_024496 | 14号染色体开放阅读框4 |
C14orf92 | NM_014828 | 表皮朗格汉斯细胞蛋白质LCP1 |
C16orf5 | NM_013399 | 细胞死亡诱导蛋白质 |
C17orf39 | NM_024052 | 假定蛋白LOC79018 |
C17orf62 | NM_001033046 | 假定蛋白LOC79415 |
C17orf73 | NM_017928 | 假定蛋白LOC55018 |
C1orf101 | NM_173807 | 假定蛋白LOC257044 |
C1orf107 | NM_014388 | 假定蛋白LOC27042 |
C1orf109 | NM_017850 | 假定蛋白LOC54955 |
C1orf12I | NM_016076 | 假定蛋白LOC51029 |
C1orf135 | NM_024037 | 假定蛋白LOC79000 |
C1orf147 | NM_001025592 | 假定蛋白LOC574431 |
C1orf63 | NM_207035 | 假定蛋白LOC57035同种型1 |
C1orf96 | NM_145257 | 假定蛋白LOC126731 |
C1orf99 | NM_001012274 | 假定蛋白LOC339476 |
C1QTNF9 | NM_178540 | 假定蛋白LOC338872 |
C20orf133 | NM_001033086 | 假定蛋白LOC140733同种型1 |
C20orf18 | NM_006462 | 遍在蛋白缀合酶7相互作用 |
C20orf38 | NM_018327 | 假定蛋白LOC55304 |
C21orf66 | NM_145328 | GC丰富序列DNA结合因子候选物 |
C22orf23 | NM_032561 | 假定蛋白LOC84645 |
C2orf11 | NM_144629 | 假定蛋白LOC130132 |
C2orf26 | NM_023016 | 假定蛋白LOC65124 |
C3orf58 | NM_173552 | 假定蛋白LOC205428 |
C4orf16 | NM_018569 | 假定蛋白LOC55435 |
C4orf19 | NM_018302 | 假定蛋白LOC55286 |
C6orf105 | NM_032744 | 假定蛋白LOC84830 |
C6orf117 | NM_138409 | 假定蛋白LOC112609 |
C6orf152 | NM_181714 | 假定蛋白LOC167691 |
C6orf182 | NM_173830 | 假定蛋白LOC285753 |
C6orf190 | NM_001010923 | 假定蛋白LOC387357 |
C6orf49 | NM_013397 | 过表达的乳腺肿瘤蛋白质 |
C6orf55 | NM_016485 | 假定蛋白LOC51534 |
C6orf69 | NM_173562 | 假定蛋白LOC222658 |
C6orf97 | NM_025059 | 假定蛋白LOC80129 |
C7orf29 | NM_138434 | 假定蛋白LOC113763 |
C8orf17 | NM_020237 | MOST-1蛋白质 |
C8orf33 | NM_023080 | 假定蛋白LOC65265 |
C8orf78 | NM_182525 | 假定蛋白LOC157376 |
C8ORFK32 | NM_015912 | 假定蛋白LOC51059 |
C9orf100 | NM_032818 | 假定蛋白LOC84904 |
C9orf10OS | NM_198841 | 假定蛋白LOC158293 |
C9orf123 | NM_033428 | 假定蛋白LOC90871 |
C9orf97 | NM_139246 | 假定蛋白LOC158427 |
CA1 | NM_001738 | 碳酸酐酶I |
CAB39 | NM_016289 | 钙结合蛋白39 |
CACNA1E | NM_000721 | 钙通道,电压依赖性,α1E |
CACNG1 | NM_000727 | 电压依赖性钙通道γ-1 |
CALD1 | NM_004342 | 钙调结合蛋白1同种型2 |
CASC2 | NM_178816 | 癌症易感性候选物2同种型1 |
CASC4 | NM_138423 | 癌症易感性候选物4同种型a |
CASQ2 | NM_001232 | 心肌集钙蛋白2 |
CASR | NM_000388 | 钙-传感受体 |
CAST | NM_173060 | 钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白同种型b |
CCDC14 | NM_022757 | 含卷曲螺旋结构域14 |
CCDC52 | NM_144718 | 含卷曲螺旋结构域52 |
CCL1 | NM_002981 | 小可诱导细胞因子A1前体 |
CCL22 | NM_002990 | 小可诱导细胞因子A22前体 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | 细胞周期蛋白D2 |
CCNG1 | NM_004060 | 细胞周期蛋白G1 |
CCR5 | NM_000579 | 趋化因子(C-C模体)受体5 |
CCR7 | NM_001838 | 趋化因子(C-C模体)受体7前体 |
CD160 | NM_007053 | CD160抗原 |
CD164 | NM_006016 | CD164抗原,唾液黏蛋白 |
CD1A | NM_001763 | CD1A抗原前体 |
CD209 | NM_021155 | CD209抗原 |
CD47 | NM_001025079 | CD47分子同种型3前体 |
CD59 | NM_000611 | CD59抗原p18-20 |
CD69 | NM_001781 | CD69抗原(p60,早期T细胞活化 |
CD97 | NM_001025160 | CD97抗原同种型3前体 |
CDC25A | NM_001789 | 细胞分裂周期25A同种型a |
CDCA8 | NM_018101 | 细胞分裂周期相关8 |
CDGAP | NM_020754 | Cdc42 GTP酶活化蛋白 |
CDH19 | NM_021153 | 钙黏着蛋白19,类型2前蛋白原 |
CDK5RAP1 | NM_016082 | CDK5调节亚基相关蛋白1 |
CDK5RAP3 | NM_025197 | CDK5调节亚基相关蛋白3 |
CEACAM5 | NM_004363 | 癌胚抗原相关细胞黏着 |
CEACAM8 | NM_001816 | 癌胚抗原相关细胞黏着 |
CEP152 | NM_014985 | 假定蛋白LOC22995 |
CERK | NM_022766 | 神经酰胺激酶同种型a |
CFL2 | NM_021914 | 丝切蛋白2 |
CFTR | NM_000492 | 囊性纤维化跨膜转导 |
CG018 | NM_052818 | 假定蛋白LOC90634 |
CGN | NM_020770 | 带蛋白 |
CHCHD4 | NM_144636 | 卷曲螺旋-螺旋-卷曲螺旋-螺旋结构域 |
CHD7 | NM_017780 | 克罗莫结构域解旋酶DNA结合蛋白7 |
CHL1 | NM_006614 | 与L1CAM同源的细胞黏着分子 |
CHR415SYT | NM_001014372 | chr415突触结合蛋白 |
CHRNB1 | NM_000747 | 烟碱性乙酰胆碱受体β1亚基 |
CHUK | NM_001278 | 保守的螺旋-环-螺旋遍在激酶 |
CILP | NM_003613 | 软骨间层蛋白 |
CIR | NM_004882 | CBF1相互作用辅阻遏物 |
CLASP2 | NM_015097 | CLIP相关蛋白2 |
CLCA3 | NM_004921 | 钙激活的氯化物通道3前体 |
CLCN4 | NM_001830 | 氯化物通道4 |
CLDN1 | NM_021101 | 紧密连接蛋白1 |
CLDN8 | NM_199328 | 紧密连接蛋白8 |
CLIC2 | NM_001289 | 氯化物细胞内通道2 |
CLLU1 | NM_001025233 | 假定蛋白LOC574028 |
CLNS1A | NM_001293 | 氯化物通道,核苷酸敏感性,1A |
CLSTN2 | NM_022131 | 钙同线蛋白2 |
CNOT6 | NM_015455 | CCR4-NOT转录复合物,亚基6 |
CNOT8 | NM_004779 | CCR4-NOT转录复合物,亚基8 |
CNTFR | NM_001842 | 睫状神经营养因子受体 |
CNTN3 | NM_020872 | 接触蛋白3 |
CNTNAP2 | NM_014141 | 细胞识别分子Caspr2前体 |
COL12A1 | NM_004370 | 胶原,类型XII,α1长同种型 |
COL13A1 | NM_005203 | α1类型XIII胶原同种型1 |
COL14A1 | NM_021110 | 胶原,类型XIV,α1 |
COL4A1 | NM_001845 | α1类型IV胶原前蛋白原 |
COMMD8 | NM_017845 | 含COMM结构域8 |
COPS4 | NM_016129 | COP9信号体亚基4 |
COQ10B | NM_025147 | 假定蛋白LOC80219 |
COTL1 | NM_021149 | 毛状蛋白样1 |
COX6A1 | NM_004373 | 细胞色素c氧化酶亚基VIa多肽1 |
CPEB3 | NM_014912 | 细胞质多腺苷化元件结合 |
CRAMP1L | NM_020825 | Crm,痉挛样 |
CREB5 | NM_001011666 | cAMP应答元件结合蛋白5 |
CRIM1 | NM_016441 | 半胱氨酸丰富运动神经元1 |
CRKL | NM_005207 | v-crk肉瘤病毒CT10癌基因同系物 |
CRSP2 | NM_004229 | Sp1转录所需辅因子 |
CRTAM | NM_019604 | I类MHC-限制T细胞相关的 |
CRYZL1 | NM_145858 | 晶体蛋白,zeta样1 |
CSN1S1 | NM_001025104 | 酪蛋白αs1同种型2 |
CTAGE1 | NM_172241 | 皮肤的T细胞淋巴瘤相关抗原1 |
CTCF | NM_006565 | CCCTC结合因子 |
CTDSPL | NM_001008392 | 小的CTD磷酸酶3同种型1 |
CTSB | NM_001908 | 组织蛋白酶B前蛋白原 |
CTSC | NM_148170 | 组织蛋白酶C同种型b前体 |
CXCL10 | NM_001565 | 小可诱导细胞因子B10前体 |
CXCL5 | NM_002994 | 趋化因子(C-X-C模体)配体5前体 |
CXorf50 | NM_152693 | 假定蛋白LOC203429 |
CXorf53 | NM_001018055 | 含BRCA1/BRCA2复合体亚基36 |
CXorf6 | NM_005491 | 假定蛋白LOC10046 |
CXXC6 | NM_030625 | CXXC指6 |
CYP1A2 | NM_000761 | 细胞色素P450,家族1,亚家族A, |
CYP27B1 | NM_000785 | 细胞色素P450,家族27,亚家族B, |
CYP4V2 | NM_207352 | 细胞色素P450,家族4,亚家族v, |
DAXX | NM_001350 | 死亡相关蛋白6 |
DAZ1 | NM_004081 | 无精子症缺失 |
DAZ2 | NM_001005785 | 无精子症缺失2同种型2 |
DAZ3 | NM_020364 | 无精子症缺失3 |
DAZ4 | NM_001005375 | 无精子症缺失4同种型1 |
DAZL | NM_001351 | 无精子症缺失样 |
DBX2 | NM_001004329 | 发育的脑同源框2 |
DCTN4 | NM_016221 | 动力蛋白激活蛋白4(p62) |
DCUN1D3 | NM_173475 | 假定蛋白LOC123879 |
DDAH1 | NM_012137 | 二甲基精氨酸二甲氨基水解酶1 |
DDEF2 | NM_003887 | 发育和分化增强因子 |
DDIT4L | NM_145244 | DNA损伤可诱导转录物4样 |
DDX1 | NM_004939 | DEAD(Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)盒多肽1 |
DDX17 | NM_006386 | DEAD盒多肽17同种型p82 |
DDX52 | NM_007010 | ATP-依赖性RNA解旋酶ROK1同种型a |
DDX55 | NM_020936 | DEAD(Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)盒多肽55 |
DEPDC1 | NM_017779 | 含DEP结构域1 |
DGKB | NM_004080 | 二酰基甘油激酶,β同种型1 |
DICER1 | NM_030621 | 切酶1 |
DIP2B | NM_173602 | 假定蛋白LOC57609 |
DIRAS2 | NM_017594 | Di-Ras2 |
DKFZp779B1540 | NM_001010903 | 假定蛋白LOC389384 |
DKK2 | NM_014421 | dickkopf同系物2前体 |
DLGAP2 | NM_004745 | 大成虫盘(discs large)相关蛋白2 |
DLX2 | NM_004405 | 末端缺失同源框2 |
DMD | NM_004019 | 肌养蛋白Dp40同种型 |
DMRTC1 | NM_033053 | DMRT样家族C1 |
DNAJA2 | NM_005880 | DnaJ亚家族A成员2 |
DNAJB12 | NM_001002762 | DnaJ(Hsp40)同系物,亚家族B,成员12 |
DNAJB9 | NM_012328 | DnaJ(Hsp40)同系物,亚家族B,成员9 |
DNAJC6 | NM_014787 | DnaJ(Hsp40)同系物,亚家族C,成员6 |
DNALI1 | NM_003462 | 轴丝动力蛋白轻链 |
DNASE1L1 | NM_001009932 | 脱氧核糖核酸酶I样1前体 |
DNM1L | NM_012062 | 发动蛋白1样蛋白质同种型1 |
DNMT3B | NM_006892 | DNA胞嘧啶-5甲基转移酶3β同种型 |
DNTTIP1 | NM_052951 | 末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶相互作用 |
DPP10 | NM_001004360 | 二肽基肽酶10短同种型 |
DPY19L2 | NM_173812 | 假定蛋白LOC283417 |
DPYSL2 | NM_001386 | 二氢嘧啶酶样2 |
DSC2 | NM_004949 | 桥粒胶蛋白2同种型Dsc2b前蛋白原 |
DSCR1L1 | NM_005822 | 唐氏综合征关键区域基因1样1 |
DUSP16 | NM_030640 | 双特异性磷酸酶16 |
DUSP5 | NM_004419 | 双特异性磷酸酶5 |
DUT | NM_001025248 | dUTP焦磷酸酶同种型1前体 |
DUXA | NM_001012729 | 假定蛋白LOC503835 |
DVL3 | NM_004423 | dishevelled 3 |
DZIP1 | NM_014934 | DAZ相互作用蛋白质1同种型1 |
E2F2 | NM_004091 | E2F转录因子2 |
E2F3 | NM_001949 | E2F转录因子3 |
EDNRB | NM_000115 | 内皮素受体类型B同种型1 |
EFCBP1 | NM_022351 | EF手钙结合蛋白1 |
EFNA1 | NM_004428 | 肝配蛋白A1同种型a前体 |
EGLN1 | NM_022051 | egl9同系物1 |
EGR3 | NM_004430 | 早期生长反应因子3 |
EIF1AX | NM_001412 | X-连锁真核翻译起始 |
EIF2C2 | NM_012154 | 真核翻译起始因子2C,2 |
EIF2C4 | NM_017629 | 真核翻译起始因子2C,4 |
EIF2S1 | NM_004094 | 真核翻译起始因子2, |
EIF4EBP2 | NM_004096 | 真核翻译起始因子4E |
ELAVL1 | NM_001419 | ELAV样1 |
ELF2 | NM_006874 | E74样因子2(ets结构域转录 |
ELOVL4 | NM_022726 | 极长链脂肪酸延长 |
ELOVL7 | NM_024930 | ELOVL家族成员7,长链延长 |
EMR2 | NM_013447 | 含egf样组件,黏蛋白样,激素 |
ENAH | NM_001008493 | enabled同系物同种型a |
ENPP4 | NM_014936 | 外核苷酸焦磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶 |
EP400 | NM_015409 | E1A结合蛋白p400 |
EPB41L5 | NM_020909 | 红细胞膜蛋白带4.1样5 |
EPHA4 | NM_004438 | 肝配蛋白受体EphA4 |
EPM2A | NM_001018041 | 痫蛋白同种型b |
ERBB4 | NM_005235 | v-erb-a成红细胞白血病病毒癌基因 |
ESM1 | NM_007036 | 内皮细胞特异性分子1前体 |
ESR1 | NM_000125 | 雌激素受体1 |
ETV1 | NM_004956 | ets变体基因1 |
EXTL3 | NM_001440 | Reg受体 |
FAHD1 | NM_001018104 | 含延胡索酰乙酰乙酸水解酶结构域 |
FAIM3 | NM_005449 | Fas细胞凋亡抑制分子3 |
FAM13A1 | NM_001015045 | 具有序列相似性的家族13,成员A1 |
FAM20B | NM_014864 | 具有序列相似性的家族20,成员B |
FAM33A | NM_182620 | 假定蛋白LOC348235 |
FAM36A | NM_198076 | 具有序列相似性的家族36,成员A |
FAM3C | NM_014888 | 具有序列相似性的家族3,成员C |
FAM45A | NM_207009 | 假定蛋白LOC404636 |
FAM45B | NM_018472 | 假定蛋白LOC55855 |
FAM46C | NM_017709 | 假定蛋白LOC54855 |
FAM53C | NM_016605 | 家族53,成员C蛋白质 |
FAM60A | NM_021238 | 具有序列相似性的家族60,成员A |
FAM62B | NM_020728 | 具有序列相似性的家族62(C2结构域 |
FAM77C | NM_024522 | 假定蛋白LOC79570 |
FAM79A | NM_182752 | 假定蛋白LOC127262 |
FAM79B | NM_198485 | 假定蛋白LOC285386 |
FAM8A1 | NM_016255 | 常染色体高保守蛋白质 |
FANCM | NM_020937 | 范科尼贫血,互补群M |
FASLG | NM_000639 | fas配体 |
FBLN1 | NM_006486 | 纤蛋白1同种型D |
FBN1 | NM_000138 | 肌原纤蛋白1前体 |
FBXL17 | NM_022824 | F-盒和亮氨酸丰富重复蛋白质17 |
FBXL2 | NM_012157 | F-盒和亮氨酸丰富重复蛋白质2 |
FBXL22 | NM_203373 | 假定蛋白LOC283807 |
FBXO11 | NM_025133 | 只有F-盒蛋白质11同种型1 |
FBXO28 | NM_015176 | F-盒蛋白质28 |
FCGR3A | NM_000569 | lgG的Fc片段,低亲和力IIIa,受体 |
FCGR3B | NM_000570 | 低亲和力免疫球蛋白γFc区 |
FCHO2 | NM_138782 | FCH结构域only 2 |
FCMD | NM_006731 | Fukutin |
FCRLM1 | NM_032738 | Fc受体样和黏蛋白样1 |
FDX1 | NM_004109 | 铁氧还蛋白1前体 |
FEZ1 | NM_022549 | zygin1同种型2 |
FGF1 | NM_000800 | 成纤维细胞生长因子1(酸性)同种型1 |
FGF14 | NM_004115 | 成纤维细胞生长因子14同种型1A |
FGFR1 | NM_023107 | 成纤维细胞生长因子受体1同种型5 |
FGFRL1 | NM_001004356 | 成纤维细胞生长因子受体样1 |
FIGN | NM_018086 | fidgetin |
FKBP5 | NM_004117 | FK506结合蛋白5 |
FLJ10081 | NM_017991 | 假定蛋白LOC55683 |
FLJ10154 | NM_018011 | 假定蛋白LOC55082 |
FLJ10178 | NM_018015 | 假定蛋白LOC55086 |
FLJ10241 | NM_018035 | 假定蛋白LOC55101 |
FLJ11021 | NM_023012 | 假定蛋白LOC65117同种型a |
FLJ11783 | NM_024891 | 假定蛋白LOC79951 |
FLJ12331 | NM_024986 | 假定蛋白LOC80052 |
FLJ12505 | NM_024749 | 假定蛋白LOC79805 |
FLJ12788 | NM_022492 | 假定蛋白LOC64427 |
FLJ13611 | NM_024941 | 假定蛋白LOC80006 |
FLJ14213 | NM_024841 | 假定蛋白LOC79899 |
FLJ14397 | NM_032779 | 假定蛋白LOC84865 |
FLJ14668 | NM_032822 | 假定蛋白LOC84908 |
FLJ14834 | NM_032849 | 假定蛋白LOC84935 |
FLJ20232 | NM_019008 | 假定蛋白LOC54471 |
FLJ20701 | NM_017933 | 假定蛋白LOC55022 |
FLJ21820 | NM_021925 | 假定蛋白LOC60526 |
FLJ22028 | NM_024854 | 假定蛋白LOC79912 |
FLJ25143 | NM_182500 | 假定蛋白LOC130813 |
FLJ25422 | NM_145000 | 假定蛋白LOC202151 |
FLJ25530 | NM_152722 | 肝细胞细胞黏着分子 |
FLJ31846 | NM_144974 | 假定蛋白LOC160857 |
FLJ33641 | NM_152687 | 假定蛋白LOC202309 |
FLJ35695 | NM_207444 | 假定蛋白LOC400359 |
FLJ35740 | NM_147195 | FLJ35740蛋白质 |
FLJ38984 | NM_152374 | 假定蛋白LOC127703 |
FLJ38991 | NM_001033760 | 线粒体COX18同种型5 |
FLJ39531 | NM_207445 | 假定蛋白LOC400360 |
FLJ41603 | NM_001001669 | 假定蛋白LOC389337 |
FLJ43339 | NM_207380 | 假定蛋白LOC388115 |
FLJ43752 | NM_207497 | 假定蛋白LOC401253 |
FLJ45139 | NM_001001692 | 假定蛋白LOC400867 |
FLJ45422 | NM_001004349 | 假定蛋白LOC441140 |
FLJ45684 | NM_207462 | 假定蛋白LOC400666 |
FLJ46688 | NM_001004330 | 假定蛋白LOC440107 |
FLOT2 | NM_004475 | 脂阀特征蛋白2 |
FMNL3 | NM_175736 | 成蛋白样3同种型1 |
FMO2 | NM_001460 | 含黄素单加氧酶2 |
FMR1 | NM_002024 | 脆性X智力低下1 |
FNBP1 | NM_015033 | 成蛋白结合蛋白1 |
FOXP1 | NM_032682 | 叉头盒P1同种型1 |
FSD1L | NM_207647 | 含纤连蛋白类型III和SPRY结构域 |
FSHB | NM_000510 | 促卵泡激素f促卵泡激素,β多肽 |
FTSJ2 | NM_013393 | FtsJ同系物2 |
FUT9 | NM_006581 | 岩藻糖基转移酶9(α(1,3) |
FXN | NM_000144 | 弗氏共济失调蛋白同种型1前蛋白原 |
FXR1 | NM_001013438 | 脆性X智力低下相关蛋白1 |
FYB | NM_001465 | FYN结合蛋白(FYB-120/130)同种型1 |
FYCO1 | NM_024513 | 含FYVE和卷曲螺旋结构域1 |
FZD6 | NM_003506 | frizzled 6 |
GAB1 | NM_002039 | GRB2相关结合蛋白1同种型b |
GABRA4 | NM_000809 | γ-氨基丁酸A受体,α4 |
GABRG1 | NM_173536 | γ-氨基丁酸A受体,γ1 |
GANC | NM_198141 | 葡糖苷酶,α;中性C |
GARNL1 | NM_014990 | GTP酶活化Rap/RanGAP结构域样1 |
GATAD2B | NM_020699 | 含GATA锌指结构域2B |
GBA3 | NM_020973 | 胞质的β-葡糖苷酶 |
GBAS | NM_001483 | nipsnap同系物2 |
GBP1 | NM_002053 | 鸟苷酸结合蛋白1, |
GCC2 | NM_014635 | 含GRIP和卷曲螺旋结构域2同种型 |
Gcom1 | NM_001018097 | GRINL1A结合蛋白质同种型8 |
GDF8 | NM_005259 | 生长分化因子8 |
基因符号 | hsa-miR-21靶 | 基因名称 |
GFOD1 | NM_018988 | 葡萄糖-果糖氧化还原酶结构域 |
GINS1 | NM_021067 | DNA复制复合体GINS蛋白质PSF1 |
GIPC3 | NM_133261 | PDZ结构域蛋白质GIPC3 |
GLCCI1 | NM_138426 | 糖皮质激素诱导的转录物1 |
GLRA2 | NM_002063 | 甘氨酸受体,α2 |
GLS | NM_014905 | 谷氨酰胺酶C |
GNA12 | NM_007353 | 鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白质) |
GNG12 | NM_018841 | G-蛋白质γ-12亚基 |
GNG2 | NM_053064 | 鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白质), |
GNPDA1 | NM_005471 | 葡糖胺-6-磷酸脱氨酶1 |
GNRHR | NM_000406 | 促性腺激素释放激素受体同种型 |
GOLGA4 | NM_002078 | 高尔基体自身抗原,高尔基体蛋白亚家族a,4 |
GOPC | NM_001017408 | 高尔基体相关的PDZ和卷曲螺旋模体 |
GP5 | NM_004488 | 糖蛋白V(血小板) |
GPAM | NM_020918 | 线粒体甘油3-磷酸 |
GPC4 | NM_001448 | 磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖4 |
GPD1L | NM_015141 | 甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶1样 |
GPIAP1 | NM_203364 | 膜组分11号染色体表面标记 |
GPR116 | NM_015234 | G-蛋白偶联受体116 |
GPR180 | NM_180989 | G蛋白偶联受体180前体 |
GPR6 | NM_005284 | G蛋白偶联受体6 |
GPR64 | NM_005756 | G蛋白偶联受体64 |
GPRASP1 | NM_014710 | G蛋白偶联受体相关分选 |
GPRASP2 | NM_001004051 | G蛋白偶联受体相关分选 |
GRAMD3 | NM_023927 | 含GRAM结构域3 |
GREM2 | NM_022469 | gremlin2前体 |
GRIN3A | NM_133445 | 谷氨酸受体,离子型, |
GRINL1A | NM_001018103 | 谷氨酸受体,离子型,N-甲基 |
GRPEL2 | NM_152407 | GrpE样2,线粒体 |
GSS | NM_000178 | 谷胱甘肽合成酶 |
GSTM3 | NM_000849 | 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶M3 |
GTPBP1 | NM_004286 | GTP结合蛋白1 |
GUCA1B | NM_002098 | 鸟苷酸环化酶激活因子1B(视网膜) |
GYPE | NM_198682 | 血型糖蛋白E前体 |
HAP1 | NM_003949 | 亨廷顿蛋白相关蛋白1同种型1 |
HBP1 | NM_012257 | HMG-盒转录因子1 |
HBS1L | NM_006620 | HBS1样 |
hCAP-D3 | NM_015261 | KIAA0056蛋白质 |
HCAP-G | NM_022346 | 染色体凝聚蛋白质G |
HCG27 | NM_181717 | 假定蛋白LOC253018 |
HDAC9 | NM_014707 | 组蛋白脱乙酰基酶9同种型3 |
HDDC3 | NM_198527 | 含HD结构域3 |
HECTD1 | NM_015382 | 含HECT结构域1 |
HERPUD2 | NM_022373 | 假定蛋白LOC64224 |
HERV-FRD | NM_207582 | HERV-FRD原病毒祖先Env多蛋白 |
HES2 | NM_019089 | 发状分裂相关增强子同系物2 |
HGF | NM_000601 | 肝细胞生长因子同种型1 |
HIBCH | NM_014362 | 3-羟基异丁酰辅酶A水解酶同种型 |
HIP2 | NM_005339 | 亨廷顿蛋白相互作用蛋白质2 |
HMGB3 | NM_005342 | 高迁移率族蛋白3 |
HMGCLL1 | NM_019036 | 3-羟甲基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A |
HMGCR | NM_000859 | 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶 |
HNF4A | NM_000457 | 肝细胞核因子4α同种型b |
HNMT | NM_006895 | 组胺N-甲基转移酶同种型1 |
HNRPU | NM_004501 | 核不均一核糖核蛋白U |
HOXA9 | NM_152739 | 同源框A9 |
HPGD | NM_000860 | 羟基前列腺素脱氢酶15-(NAD) |
HS2ST1 | NM_012262 | 硫酸乙酰肝素2-O-磺基转移酶1 |
HS3ST4 | NM_006040 | 硫酸乙酰肝素D-葡糖胺 |
HTLF | NM_002158 | T细胞白血病病毒增强子 |
HTRA2 | NM_013247 | HtrA丝氨酸肽酶2同种型1前蛋白原 |
HYAL3 | NM_003549 | 透明质酸葡糖胺酶3 |
IDH3A | NM_005530 | 异柠檬酸脱氢酶3(NAD+)α |
IGF2BP1 | NM_006546 | 胰岛素样生长因子2mRNA结合 |
IGF2BP3 | NM_006547 | 胰岛素样生长因子2mRNA结合 |
IGFBP3 | NM_000598 | 胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3 |
IGHMBP2 | NM_002180 | 免疫球蛋白mu结合蛋白2 |
IL17RD | NM_017563 | 白细胞介素17受体D |
IL1B | NM_000576 | 白细胞介素1,β蛋白原 |
IL1RAP | NM_002182 | 白细胞介素1受体辅助蛋白同种型 |
IL2RA | NM_000417 | 白细胞介素2受体,α链前体 |
IL9 | NM_000590 | 白细胞介素9前体 |
ILF3 | NM_012218 | 白细胞介素增强子结合因子3同种型a |
INA | NM_032727 | 丝连蛋白神经元中间丝 |
INMT | NM_006774 | 吲哚乙胺N-甲基转移酶 |
INTS3 | NM_023015 | 假定蛋白LOC65123 |
IPO11 | NM_016338 | Ran结合蛋白11 |
IRAK1BP1 | NM_001010844 | 白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶1 |
ITGA2 | NM_002203 | 整联蛋白α2前体 |
ITGB1BP1 | NM_004763 | 整联蛋白细胞质结构域相关蛋白1 |
ITGB3 | NM_000212 | 整联蛋白β链,β3前体 |
ITIH5 | NM_030569 | 间α胰蛋白酶抑制剂重链 |
ITPR2 | NM_002223 | 肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸受体,类型2 |
JAG1 | NM_000214 | Jagged1前体 |
JMY | NM_152405 | 连接介导和调节蛋白 |
KAL1 | NM_000216 | Kallmann综合征1蛋白质 |
KATNAL1 | NM_001014380 | 剑蛋白p60亚基A样1 |
KBTBD4 | NM_016506 | 含kelch重复和BTB(POZ)结构域4 |
KBTBD7 | NM_032138 | 含kelch重复和BTB(POZ)结构域7 |
KCNA3 | NM_002232 | 钾电压门控通道,摇摆相关 |
KCNH2 | NM_172056 | 电压门控钾通道,亚家族H, |
KCNJ10 | NM_002241 | 钾内向整流通道,亚家族 |
KCNJ13 | NM_002242 | 钾内向整流通道J13 |
KCNT2 | NM_198503 | 钾通道,亚家族T,成员2 |
KIAA0143 | NM_015137 | 假定蛋白LOC23167 |
KIAA0240 | NM_015349 | 假定蛋白LOC23506 |
KIAA0247 | NM_014734 | 假定蛋白LOC9766 |
KIAA0256 | NM_014701 | 假定蛋白LOC9728 |
KIAA0286 | NM_015257 | 假定蛋白LOC23306 |
KIAA0319L | NM_024874 | 多囊肾病1样同种型a |
KIAA0323 | NM_015299 | 假定蛋白LOC23351 |
KIAA0553 | NM_001002909 | 假定蛋白LOC23131 |
KIAA0895 | NM_015314 | 假定蛋白LOC23366 |
KIAA1128 | NM_018999 | 颗粒细胞抗血清阳性14 |
KIAA1468 | NM_020854 | 假定蛋白LOC57614 |
KIAA1600 | NM_020940 | 假定蛋白LOC57700 |
KIAA1622 | NM_058237 | 含HEAT样重复蛋白质同种型1 |
KIAA1727 | NM_033393 | 假定蛋白LOC85462 |
KIAA1804 | NM_032435 | 混合谱系激酶4 |
KIAA1853 | NM_194286 | KIAA1853蛋白质 |
KIAA1862 | NM_032534 | KIAA1862蛋白质 |
KIAA1909 | NM_052909 | 假定蛋白LOC153478 |
KIAA1920 | NM_052919 | 假定蛋白LOC114817 |
KIAA2026 | NM_001017969 | 假定蛋白LOC158358 |
KIF3B | NM_004798 | 驱动蛋白家族成员3B |
KIF6 | NM_145027 | 驱动蛋白家族成员6 |
KL | NM_004795 | Klotho同种型a |
KLF12 | NM_007249 | Kruppel样因子12同种型a |
KLF5 | NM_001730 | Kruppel样因子5 |
KLF8 | NM_007250 | Kruppel样因子8 |
KLF9 | NM_001206 | Kruppel样因子9 |
KLHDC5 | NM_020782 | 含kelch结构域5 |
KLHL1 | NM_020866 | Kelch样1蛋白质 |
KLHL14 | NM_020805 | Kelch样14 |
KLHL20 | NM_014458 | Kelch样20 |
KLHL24 | NM_017644 | DRE1蛋白质 |
KLHL4 | NM_019117 | Kelch样4同种型1 |
KLHL6 | NM_130446 | Kelch样6 |
KLHL8 | NM_020803 | Kelch样8 |
KLK2 | NM_001002231 | 激肽释放酶2,前列腺同种型2 |
KRIT1 | NM_001013406 | krev相互作用捕获的1同种型2 |
LANCL1 | NM_006055 | 羊毛硫氨酸合成酶C样蛋白质1 |
LARP2 | NM_018078 | La核糖核蛋白结构域家族成员2 |
LAT2 | NM_014146 | T细胞激活连接物家族成员 |
LAX1 | NM_017773 | 淋巴细胞跨膜衔接因子1 |
LEMD3 | NM_014319 | 含LEM结构域3 |
LEPR | NM_001003679 | 瘦蛋白受体同种型2 |
LIF | NM_002309 | 白血病抑制因子(胆碱能 |
LIFR | NM_002310 | 白血病抑制因子受体前体 |
LILRB4 | NM_006847 | 白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体, |
LIMA1 | NM_016357 | 肿瘤中丧失的上皮蛋白质β |
LIN28B | NM_001004317 | lin-28同系物B |
LIN7C | NM_018362 | lin-7同系物C |
LITAF | NM_004862 | LPS-诱导的TNF-α因子 |
LIX1 | NM_153234 | 肢体表达1 |
LMBR1 | NM_022458 | 肢体区1蛋白质 |
LMO3 | NM_001001395 | LIM结构域only3 |
LOC115648 | NM_145326 | 假定蛋白LOC115648 |
LOC130074 | NM_001009993 | 假定蛋白LOC130074 |
LOC133619 | NM_130809 | 假定蛋白LOC133619 |
LOC144501 | NM_182507 | 假定蛋白LOC144501 |
LOC153222 | NM_153607 | 假定蛋白LOC153222 |
LOC201895 | NM_174921 | 假定蛋白LOC201895 |
LOC202459 | NM_145303 | 假定蛋白LOC202459 |
LOC221442 | NM_001010871 | 假定蛋白LOC221442 |
LOC283514 | NM_198849 | 假定蛋白LOC283514 |
LOC339977 | NM_001024611 | 假定蛋白LOC339977 |
LOC343066 | NM_001013630 | 假定蛋白LOC343066 |
LOC389432 | NM_001030060 | 假定蛋白LOC389432 |
LOC389607 | NM_001013651 | 假定蛋白LOC389607 |
LOC390980 | NM_001023563 | 类似于锌指蛋白264 |
LOC399900 | NM_001013667 | 假定蛋白LOC399900 |
LOC401280 | NM_001013682 | 假定蛋白LOC401280 |
LOC401431 | NM_001008745 | 假定蛋白LOC401431 |
LOC440295 | NM_198181 | 假定蛋白LOC440295 |
LOC440742 | NM_001013710 | 假定蛋白LOC440742 |
LOC441233 | NM_001013724 | 假定蛋白LOC441233 |
LOC442247 | NM_001013734 | 假定蛋白LOC442247 |
LOC51136 | NM_016125 | PTD016蛋白质 |
LOC613266 | NM_001033516 | 假定蛋白LOC613266 |
LOH11CR2A | NM_014622 | BCSC-1同种型1 |
LPGAT1 | NM_014873 | 溶血磷脂酰甘油酰基转移酶1 |
LPIN1 | NM_145693 | 脂质1 |
LPIN2 | NM_014646 | 脂质2 |
LRAT | NM_004744 | 卵磷脂视黄醇酰基转移酶 |
LRRC2 | NM_024512 | 含亮氨酸丰富重复2 |
LRRC20 | NM_018205 | 含亮氨酸丰富重复20同种型3 |
LRRC3B | NM_052953 | 含亮氨酸丰富重复3B |
LRRC55 | NM_001005210 | 假定蛋白LOC219527 |
LRRC57 | NM_153260 | 假定蛋白LOC255252 |
LRRTM2 | NM_015564 | 亮氨酸丰富重复跨膜神经元2 |
LRSAM1 | NM_001005373 | 亮氨酸丰富重复和不育α模体 |
LSM3 | NM_014463 | Lsm3蛋白质 |
LTBP1 | NM_000627 | 潜伏转化生长因子β结合 |
LTBP2 | NM_000428 | 潜伏转化生长因子β结合 |
LTV1 | NM_032860 | 假定蛋白LOC84946 |
LUM | NM_002345 | 光蛋白聚糖前体 |
LUZP1 | NM_033631 | 亮氨酸拉链蛋白质1 |
LUZP4 | NM_016383 | 亮氨酸拉链蛋白质4 |
LYCAT | NM_001002257 | 溶血心磷脂酰基转移酶同种型2 |
LYSMD4 | NM_152449 | 假定蛋白LOC145748 |
LYST | NM_000081 | 溶酶体转运调解物同种型1 |
LZTFL1 | NM_020347 | 亮氨酸拉链转录因子样1 |
MAGEH1 | NM_014061 | 黑素瘤抗原,家族H,1蛋白质 |
MAK3 | NM_025146 | Mak3同系物 |
MALT1 | NM_006785 | 黏膜相关的淋巴组织淋巴瘤 |
MAN1A1 | NM_005907 | 甘露糖苷酶,α,类1A,成员1 |
MAN1A2 | NM_006699 | 甘露糖苷酶,α,类1A,成员2 |
MAOA | NM_000240 | 单胺氧化酶A |
MAP1B | NM_005909 | 微管相关蛋白1B同种型1 |
MAP3K8 | NM_005204 | 促分裂原活化蛋白质激酶激酶激酶 |
MAP4K3 | NM_003618 | 促分裂原活化蛋白质激酶激酶激酶 |
MAPK10 | NM_002753 | 促分裂原活化蛋白质激酶10同种型1 |
MAPRE1 | NM_012325 | 微管相关蛋白,RP/EB家族, |
MARCH5 | NM_017824 | 环指蛋白153 |
MARCH6 | NM_005885 | 膜相关环指(C3HC4)6 |
MARS2 | NM_138395 | 甲硫氨酸-tRNA合成酶2前体 |
MATN2 | NM_002380 | matrilin2同种型a前体 |
MBL2 | NM_000242 | 可溶性甘露糖结合凝集素前体 |
MBNL1 | NM_021038 | 盲肌样1同种型a |
MCC | NM_002387 | 结肠直肠癌中突变的 |
MED9 | NM_018019 | RNA聚合酶II转录介导物, |
MEF2C | NM_002397 | MADS盒转录增强子因子2, |
MEGF11 | NM_032445 | MEGF11蛋白质 |
MEIS1 | NM_002398 | Meis1同系物 |
MESDC2 | NM_015154 | 中胚层发育候选物2 |
METTL3 | NM_019852 | 甲基转移酶样3 |
MFAP5 | NM_003480 | 微原纤维相关蛋白5 |
MGC21881 | NM_203448 | 假定蛋白LOC389741 |
MGC29891 | NM_144618 | GA重复结合蛋白质,β2 |
MGC34774 | NM_203308 | 假定蛋白LOC399670 |
MGC35361 | NM_147194 | 假定蛋白LOC222234 |
MGC39497 | NM_152436 | 假定蛋白LOC144321 |
MGC39518 | NM_173822 | 假定蛋白LOC285172 |
MGC4268 | NM_031445 | 假定蛋白LOC83607 |
MGC52057 | NM_194317 | 假定蛋白LOC130574 |
MGC70863 | NM_203302 | 类似于RPL23AP7蛋白质 |
MGC9850 | NM_152705 | 假定蛋白MGC9850 |
MGEA5 | NM_012215 | 脑膜瘤表达的抗原5(透明质酸酶) |
MIB1 | NM_020774 | mindbomb同系物1 |
MICAL-L1 | NM_033386 | 与Rab13相互作用的分子 |
MID1IP1 | NM_021242 | MID1相互作用G12样蛋白质 |
MINPP1 | NM_004897 | 多样肌醇多聚磷酸组氨酸性 |
MIPOL1 | NM_138731 | 镜像多指1 |
MKNK1 | NM_003684 | MAP激酶相互作用丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1 |
MKNK2 | NM_199054 | MAP激酶-相互作用丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶2 |
MKRN1 | NM_013446 | makorin,环指蛋白,1 |
MKX | NM_173576 | 假定蛋白LOC283078 |
MLR1 | NM_153686 | 转录因子MLR1 |
MOAP1 | NM_022151 | 细胞凋亡调节物1 |
MOBP | NM_182934 | 髓鞘相关少突胶质细胞碱性蛋白质 |
MORC4 | NM_024657 | 锌指,具卷曲螺旋结构域的CW类型2 |
MPP5 | NM_022474 | 膜蛋白质,棕榈酰化的5 |
MRAS | NM_012219 | 肌肉RAS癌基因同系物 |
M-RIP | NM_015134 | 肌球蛋白磷酸酶-Rho相互作用蛋白质 |
MRPL9 | NM_031420 | 线粒体核糖体蛋白质L9 |
MS4A6A | NM_022349 | 4次跨膜结构域,亚家族A,成员 |
MSH2 | NM_000251 | mutS同系物2 |
MSL3L1 | NM_078628 | 雄性特异性致死3样1同种型d |
MSR1 | NM_002445 | 巨噬细胞清除剂受体1同种型类型2 |
MTAC2D1 | NM_152332 | 含膜靶向(串联)C2结构域 |
MTAP | NM_002451 | 5′-甲基硫腺苷磷酸化酶 |
MTHFSD | NM_022764 | 假定蛋白LOC64779 |
MTMR12 | NM_019061 | 肌管素相关蛋白12 |
MTMR8 | NM_017677 | 肌管素相关蛋白8 |
MVD | NM_002461 | 二磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶 |
MXD1 | NM_002357 | MAX二聚化蛋白质1 |
MYCL1 | NM_001033081 | l-myc-1原癌基因同种型1 |
MYEF2 | NM_016132 | 髓鞘基因表达因子2 |
MYO6 | NM_004999 | 肌球蛋白VI |
MYOM2 | NM_003970 | 肌间蛋白2 |
MYT1L | NM_015025 | 髓鞘转录因子1样 |
NARG2 | NM_001018089 | NMDA受体调节的2同种型b |
NAV1 | NM_020443 | 神经元导向1 |
NCALD | NM_032041 | 神经钙蛋白δ |
NDST1 | NM_001543 | N-脱乙酰酶/N-磺基转移酶(类肝素 |
NEDD4 | NM_006154 | 神经前体细胞发育性表达的 |
NEGR1 | NM_173808 | 神经元生长调节物1 |
NEK11 | NM_024800 | NIMA(永离有丝分裂基因a)-相关激酶 |
NELL2 | NM_006159 | nel样2 |
NF2 | NM_181826 | 神经纤维瘤蛋白2同种型3 |
NFASC | NM_015090 | 神经束蛋白前体 |
N脂肪5 | NM_006599 | 活化T细胞核因子5同种型c |
N脂肪C2IP | NM_032815 | 活化T细胞核因子, |
NFIB | NM_005596 | 核因子I/B |
NFX1 | NM_147134 | 核转录因子,X-盒结合1 |
NHS | NM_198270 | Nance-Horan综合征蛋白质 |
NIN | NM_182944 | nincin同种型1 |
NKIRAS1 | NM_020345 | κB-ras1 |
NMNAT1 | NM_022787 | 烟酰胺核苷酸腺苷酰转移酶1 |
NOPE | NM_020962 | DDM36 |
NOSIAP | NM_014697 | 一氧化氮合酶1(神经元)衔接子 |
NOVA1 | NM_006491 | 神经肿瘤腹抗原1同种型3 |
N-PAC | NM_032569 | 细胞因子样核因子n-pac |
NPAL2 | NM_024759 | 含NIPA样结构域2 |
NPTN | NM_012428 | 神经丝束蛋白同种型b前体 |
NRCAM | NM_005010 | 神经元细胞黏着分子同种型B |
NRG1 | NM_004495 | 神经调节蛋白1同种型HRG-γ |
NRIP1 | NM_003489 | 受体相互作用蛋白质140 |
NSUN2 | NM_017755 | NOL1/NOP2/Sun结构域家族2蛋白质 |
NT5DC3 | NM_016575 | 假定蛋白LOC51559同种型2 |
NTF3 | NM_002527 | 神经营养蛋白3前体 |
NUBPL | NM_025152 | 核苷酸结合蛋白质样 |
NUDT13 | NM_015901 | nudix-类型模体13 |
NUDT21 | NM_007006 | 剪切和多聚腺苷酸化特异性因子5 |
NXF5 | NM_032946 | 核RNA输出因子5同种型a |
NXT2 | NM_018698 | 核转运因子2样输出因子2 |
OAS2 | NM_001032731 | 2′-5′-寡腺苷酸合成酶2同种型3 |
OGT | NM_003605 | O连锁的GlcNAc转移酶同种型3 |
OLFM3 | NM_058170 | 嗅介蛋白3 |
OLFML2A | NM_182487 | 嗅介蛋白样2A |
OLR1 | NM_002543 | 氧化的低密度脂蛋白质(凝集素样) |
OPN5 | NM_001030051 | 视蛋白5同种型2 |
OR13A1 | NM_001004297 | 嗅觉受体,家族13,亚家族A, |
OR4D2 | NM_001004707 | 嗅觉受体,家族4,亚家族D, |
OR7D2 | NM_175883 | 假定蛋白LOC162998 |
OSBPL10 | NM_017784 | 氧固醇结合蛋白质样蛋白质10 |
OSBPL3 | NM_015550 | 氧固醇结合蛋白质样蛋白质3同种型 |
OXTR | NM_000916 | 催产素受体 |
P15RS | NM_018170 | 假定蛋白FLJ10656 |
P2RY13 | NM_023914 | 嘌呤能受体P2Y,G-蛋白偶联的,13 |
P4HA1 | NM_000917 | 脯氨酰4-羟化酶,αI亚基同种型1 |
PAFAH1B1 | NM_000430 | 血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶, |
PAG1 | NM_018440 | 结合鞘糖脂的磷蛋白相关 |
PALM2-AKAP2 | NM_007203 | PALM2-AKAP2蛋白质同种型1 |
PANK3 | NM_024594 | 泛酸激酶3 |
PAPSS2 | NM_001015880 | 3′-磷酸腺苷5′-磷酸硫酸合酶2 |
PCBP1 | NM_006196 | 聚(rC)结合蛋白1 |
PCBP2 | NM_005016 | 聚(rC)-结合蛋白2同种型a |
PCCB | NM_000532 | 丙酰辅酶A羧化酶,β |
PCDH10 | NM_020815 | 原钙黏着蛋白10同种型2前体 |
PCDH17 | NM_014459 | 原钙黏着蛋白17 |
PCDH18 | NM_019035 | 原钙黏着蛋白18前体 |
PCDH19 | NM_020766 | 原钙黏着蛋白19 |
PCGF5 | NM_032373 | 多梳蛋白组环指5 |
PCMT1 | NM_005389 | 蛋白质-L-异天冬氨酸(D-天冬氨酸) |
PCSK6 | NM_002570 | 成对碱性氨基酸断裂系统4 |
PCTK3 | NM_002596 | PCTAIRE蛋白质激酶3同种型b |
PDAP1 | NM_014891 | PDGFA相关蛋白1 |
PDCD4 | NM_014456 | 程序性细胞死亡4同种型1 |
PDCD6 | NM_013232 | 程序性细胞死亡6 |
PDE3A | NM_000921 | 磷酸二酯酶3A,cGMP-抑制的 |
PDE4A | NM_006202 | 磷酸二酯酶4A,cAMP-特异性 |
PDE4B | NM_002600 | 磷酸二酯酶4B,cAMP-特异性同种型1 |
PDE4D | NM_006203 | cAMP-特异性磷酸二酯酶4D |
PDE7B | NM_018945 | 磷酸二酯酶7B |
PDGFD | NM_025208 | 血小板衍生生长因子D同种型1 |
PDIK1L | NM_152835 | PDLIM1相互作用激酶1样 |
PDLIM2 | NM_176871 | PDZ和LIM结构域2同种型1 |
PDZD2 | NM_178140 | 含PDZ结构域2 |
PDZD7 | NM_024895 | 含PDZ结构域7 |
PECAM1 | NM_000442 | 血小板/内皮细胞黏着分子 |
PECI | NM_006117 | 过氧化物酶体D3,D2-烯酰辅酶A异构酶同种型1 |
PELI1 | NM_020651 | Pellino蛋白质 |
PELI2 | NM_021255 | Pellino 2 |
PENK | NM_006211 | 脑啡肽原 |
PFKFB2 | NM_001018053 | 6-磷酸果糖-2-激酶/果糖-2, |
PFKM | NM_000289 | 磷酸果糖激酶,肌肉 |
PGAM1 | NM_002629 | 磷酸甘油酸变位酶1(脑) |
PGAM4 | NM_001029891 | 磷酸甘油酸变位酶家族3 |
PGM1 | NM_002633 | 葡萄糖磷酸变位酶1 |
PHF14 | NM_014660 | PHD指蛋白质14同种型2 |
PHF16 | NM_014735 | PHD指蛋白质16 |
PHF20 | NM_016436 | PHD指蛋白质20 |
PHF20L1 | NM_024878 | PHD指蛋白质20样1同种型3 |
PHF6 | NM_001015877 | PHD指蛋白质6同种型1 |
PHLDB1 | NM_015157 | 血小板白细胞C激酶底物同系物样结构域,家族B, |
PHLDB2 | NM_145753 | 血小板白细胞C激酶底物同系物样结构域,家族B, |
PHTF2 | NM_020432 | 假定的同源异型域转录因子2 |
PHYHIP | NM_014759 | 植烷酰辅酶A羟化酶相互作用蛋白质 |
PI15 | NM_015886 | 蛋白酶抑制剂15前蛋白原 |
PIGM | NM_145167 | PIG-M甘露糖基转移酶 |
PIGN | NM_012327 | 磷脂酰肌醇聚糖,类N |
PIK3R1 | NM_181504 | 磷酸肌醇-3-激酶,调节亚基, |
PIK3R4 | NM_014602 | 磷酸肌醇-3-激酶,调节亚基4, |
PIP5K3 | NM_001002881 | 磷脂酰肌醇-3- |
PITPNA | NM_006224 | 磷脂酰肌醇转运蛋白质,α |
PITX2 | NM_000325 | 成对同源异型结构域转录因子2 |
PIWIL4 | NM_152431 | piwi样4 |
PJA2 | NM_014819 | praja2,含RING-H2模体 |
PKD2 | NM_000297 | 多囊蛋白2 |
PKHD1 | NM_138694 | 多囊蛋白同种型1 |
PKIB | NM_032471 | cAMP-依赖性蛋白质激酶抑制剂β |
PKNOX1 | NM_004571 | PBX/有节1同源框1同种型1 |
PKP1 | NM_000299 | 亲斑蛋白1同种型1b |
PLAA | NM_004253 | 磷脂酶A2活化蛋白同种型2 |
PLAG1 | NM_002655 | 多形性腺瘤基因1 |
PLCB1 | NM_015192 | 磷酸肌醇-特异性磷脂酶Cβ1 |
PLEKHA1 | NM_001001974 | 含血小板白细胞C激酶底物同源物结构域,家族A |
PLEKHC1 | NM_006832 | 含血小板白细胞C激酶底物同源物结构域,家族C |
PLEKHH1 | NM_020715 | 含血小板白细胞C激酶底物同源物结构域,家族H |
PLP1 | NM_000533 | 蛋白脂质蛋白质1同种型1 |
PNRC2 | NM_017761 | 脯氨酸丰富核受体辅激活物2 |
POLE3 | NM_017443 | DNA聚合酶ε亚基3 |
POLS | NM_006999 | DNA聚合酶σ |
PPARA | NM_001001928 | 过氧化物增殖物激活受体, |
PPAT | NM_002703 | 磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺转移酶 |
PPEF1 | NM_152225 | 带有丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白质磷酸酶 |
PPFIA4 | NM_015053 | 蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶,受体型,f |
PPIF | NM_005729 | 肽基脯氨酰异构酶F前体 |
PPM1L | NM_139245 | 蛋白质磷酸酶1(以前称作2C)样 |
PPPICB | NM_002709 | 蛋白质磷酸酶1,催化亚基,β |
PPP1CC | NM_002710 | 蛋白质磷酸酶1,催化亚基,γ |
PPP1R16B | NM_015568 | 蛋白质磷酸酶1调节性抑制剂 |
PPP1R3A | NM_002711 | 蛋白质磷酸酶1糖原结合 |
PPP1R3D | NM_006242 | 蛋白质磷酸酶1,调节亚基3D |
PPP2R5E | NM_006246 | 调节亚基B56的ε同种型, |
PRDX3 | NM_006793 | 过氧化物氧还蛋白3同种型a前体 |
PRH2 | NM_005042 | 脯氨酸丰富蛋白质HaeIII亚家族2 |
PRKAA1 | NM_006251 | 蛋白质激酶,AMP活化的,α1催化 |
PRKAB2 | NM_005399 | AMP活化的蛋白质激酶β2 |
PRKG1 | NM_006258 | 蛋白质激酶,cGMP-依赖性,类型I |
PRMT2 | NM_001535 | HMT1 hnRNP甲基转移酶样1 |
PRPF39 | NM_017922 | PRP39前mRNA加工因子39同系物 |
PRPF4B | NM_003913 | 丝氨酸/苏氨酸-蛋白质激酶PRP4K |
PRRG1 | NM_000950 | 脯氨酸丰富Gla(G-羧基谷氨酸)1 |
PRRG4 | NM_024081 | 脯氨酸丰富Gla(G-羧基谷氨酸)4 |
PRRX1 | NM_006902 | 成对中胚层同源框1同种型pmx-1a |
PRTFDC1 | NM_020200 | 含磷酸核糖转移酶结构域1 |
PSD3 | NM_015310 | ADP-核糖基化因子鸟嘌呤核苷酸 |
PSRC1 | NM_001005290 | p53-调节的DDA3同种型b |
PTCH | NM_000264 | 修补 |
PTGDR | NM_000953 | 前列腺素D2受体 |
PTGER3 | NM_198719 | 前列腺素E受体3,亚类型EP3同种型 |
PTGFRN | NM_020440 | 前列腺素F2受体负调节物 |
PTGIS | NM_000961 | 前列腺素I2(前列环素)合酶 |
PTHB1 | NM_001033604 | 甲状旁腺激素应答性B1同种型3 |
PTPDC1 | NM_152422 | 含蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶结构域1 |
PTPN9 | NM_002833 | 蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶,非受体型 |
PTPRT | NM_007050 | 蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶,受体型,T |
PTPRU | NM_005704 | 蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶,受体型,U |
PURB | NM_033224 | 嘌呤丰富元件结合蛋白B |
R7BP | NM_001029875 | R7结合蛋白质 |
RAB11A | NM_004663 | Ras相关蛋白Rab-11A |
RAB11FIP2 | NM_014904 | RAB11家族相互作用蛋白质2(I类) |
RAB22A | NM_020673 | RAS相关蛋白RAB-22A |
RAB23 | NM_016277 | Ras相关蛋白Rab-23 |
RAB36 | NM_004914 | RAB36,成员RAS癌基因家族 |
RAB5B | NM_002868 | RAB5B,成员RAS癌基因家族 |
RAB6A | NM_002869 | RAB6A,成员RAS癌基因家族同种型a |
RABIF | NM_002871 | RAB-相互作用因子 |
RAD21 | NM_006265 | RAD21同系物 |
RAD51AP1 | NM_006479 | RAD51相关蛋白1 |
RAD51L1 | NM_002877 | RAD51样1同种型1 |
RAN | NM_006325 | ras相关核蛋白质 |
RANBP17 | NM_022897 | RAN结合蛋白17 |
RANBP5 | NM_002271 | RAN结合蛋白5 |
RAP2A | NM_021033 | RAP2A,RAS癌基因家族成员 |
RAP2B | NM_002886 | RAP2B,RAS癌基因家族成员 |
RAPH1 | NM_213589 | Ras相关和血小板白细胞C激酶底物同源物结构域 |
RASA1 | NM_002890 | RAS p21蛋白质激活物1同种型1 |
RASGRP1 | NM_005739 | RAS鸟嘌呤释放蛋白质1 |
RASGRP3 | NM_170672 | RAS鸟嘌呤释放蛋白质3(钙和 |
RASSF6 | NM_177532 | Ras相关(RalGDS/AF-6)结构域家族6 |
RAVER2 | NM_018211 | 核糖核蛋白,PTB结合2 |
RBM15B | NM_013286 | RNA结合模体蛋白质15B |
RBM22 | NM_018047 | RNA结合模体蛋白质22 |
RC3H1 | NM_172071 | Roquin |
RCC2 | NM_018715 | RCC1样 |
RCCD1 | NM_001017919 | 假定蛋白LOC91433 |
RCN1 | NM_002901 | 网钙结合蛋白1前体 |
RDH11 | NM_016026 | 雄激素-调节的短链 |
RDX | NM_002906 | 根蛋白 |
RECK | NM_021111 | RECK蛋白质前体 |
REEP1 | NM_022912 | 受体表达增强蛋白质1 |
REEP5 | NM_005669 | 受体辅助蛋白5 |
REPS1 | NM_031922 | 含RALBP1相关的Eps结构域1 |
RERG | NM_032918 | RAS样,雌激素调节的,生长抑制剂 |
RET | NM_020975 | ret原癌基因同种型a |
RFP2 | NM_001007278 | ret指蛋白质2同种型2 |
RFX3 | NM_002919 | 调节因子X3同种型a |
RFX4 | NM_032491 | 调节因子X4同种型a |
RGS10 | NM_001005339 | G-蛋白信号的调节物10同种型a |
RHD | NM_016124 | Rh血型D抗原同种型1 |
RHO | NM_000539 | 视紫红质 |
RHOB | NM_004040 | ras同系物基因家族,成员B |
RICTOR | NM_152756 | mTOR的雷帕霉素不敏感性配对物 |
RIOK1 | NM_031480 | RIO激酶1同种型1 |
RMND5A | NM_022780 | 假定蛋白LOC64795 |
RNASE4 | NM_002937 | 核糖核酸酶,RNA酶A家族,4前体 |
RNASEL | NM_021133 | 核糖核酸酶L |
RNF103 | NM_005667 | 环指蛋白103 |
RNF111 | NM_017610 | 环指蛋白111 |
RNF182 | NM_152737 | 环指蛋白182 |
RNF185 | NM_152267 | 环指蛋白185 |
RNF32 | NM_030936 | 环指蛋白32 |
RNF38 | NM_022781 | 环指蛋白38同种型1 |
RNF6 | NM_005977 | 环指蛋白6同种型1 |
ROBO2 | NM_002942 | roundabout,轴突导向受体,同系物2 |
ROD1 | NM_005156 | 分化的ROD1调节物1 |
RP11-19J33 | NM_001012267 | 假定蛋白LOC401541 |
RP13-360B222 | NM_032227 | 假定蛋白LOC84187 |
RP2 | NM_006915 | XRP2蛋白质 |
RPA2 | NM_002946 | 复制蛋白质A2,32kDa |
RPIB9 | NM_138290 | Rap2-结合蛋白9 |
RPL15 | NM_002948 | 核糖体蛋白质L15 |
RPL36A | NM_021029 | 核糖体蛋白质L36a |
RPS23 | NM_001025 | 核糖体蛋白质S23 |
RPS6KA3 | NM_004586 | 核糖体蛋白质S6激酶,90kDa,多肽 |
RPS6KA5 | NM_004755 | 核糖体蛋白质S6激酶,90kDa,多肽 |
RRAS2 | NM_012250 | 相关RAS病毒(r-ras)癌基因同系物2 |
RRP22 | NM_001007279 | 22号染色体上的RAS相关同种型b |
RSAD2 | NM_080657 | 含根本的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸结构域 |
RSBN1 | NM_018364 | 圆形精子碱性蛋白质1 |
RTF1 | NM_015138 | Paf1/RNA聚合酶II复合体成分 |
RTN4 | NM_007008 | 浆膜蛋白4同种型C |
RUNDC1 | NM_173079 | 含RUN结构域1 |
S100A7L1 | NM_176823 | S100钙结合蛋白A7样1 |
S100B | NM_006272 | S100钙结合蛋白质,β |
SACM1L | NM_014016 | 肌动蛋白抑制蛋白1 |
SAMD10 | NM_080621 | 含不育α模体结构域10 |
SAMD9 | NM_017654 | 含不育α模体结构域9 |
SAP18 | NM_005870 | Sin3A相关蛋白,18kDa |
SAR1A | NM_020150 | SAR1a基因同系物1 |
SASH1 | NM_015278 | 含SAM和SH3结构域1 |
SASS6 | NM_194292 | 纺锤体组装异常蛋白质6 |
SATB1 | NM_002971 | 特异性AT丰富序列结合蛋白1 |
SAV1 | NM_021818 | WW45蛋白质 |
SC5DL | NM_001024956 | 固醇-C5-去饱和酶样 |
SCAND2 | NM_022050 | 含SCAN结构域蛋白质2同种型1 |
SCAP1 | NM_003726 | src家族关联磷蛋白1 |
SCARB2 | NM_005506 | 清除剂受体B类,成员2 |
SCD5 | NM_024906 | 硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶4同种型b |
SCML2 | NM_006089 | 中足性梳样2 |
SCN8A | NM_014191 | 钠通道,电压门控的,类型VIII,α |
SCP2 | NM_001007250 | 固醇运载体蛋白质2同种型3前体 |
SDPR | NM_004657 | 血清除尽效应蛋白 |
SEC63 | NM_007214 | SEC63样蛋白质 |
SELI | NM_033505 | 硒蛋白1 |
SEMA5A | NM_003966 | 脑信号蛋白5A |
SEPT10 | NM_144710 | 隔蛋白10同种型1 |
SEPT2 | NM_001008491 | 隔蛋白2 |
SERP1 | NM_014445 | 应激相关内质网蛋白质 |
SERPINB5 | NM_002639 | 丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)蛋白酶抑制剂,进化枝 |
SERPIN11 | NM_005025 | 丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)蛋白酶抑制剂,进化枝 |
SESN1 | NM_014454 | Sestrin1 |
SESTD1 | NM_178123 | SEC14和血影蛋白结构域1 |
SETD6 | NM_024860 | 假定蛋白LOC79918 |
SETD8 | NM_020382 | 含SET结构域蛋白质8 |
SETX | NM_015046 | 肌萎缩性侧索硬化(senataxin) |
SFRP5 | NM_003015 | 分泌的frizzled相关蛋白5 |
SFRS3 | NM_003017 | 剪接因子,精氨酸/丝氨酸丰富3 |
SFTPB | NM_000542 | 表面活性剂,肺相关蛋白B |
SGCB | NM_000232 | 肌聚糖,β(43kDa肌养蛋白相关 |
SGIP1 | NM_032291 | SH3-结构域GRB2样(吞蛋白)相互作用 |
SGK3 | NM_001033578 | 血清/糖皮质激素调节的激酶3同种型 |
SH2D4B | NM_207372 | 含SH2结构域4B |
SHE | NM_001010846 | 含Src同源物2结构域E |
SKI | NM_003036 | v-ski肉瘤病毒癌基因同系物 |
SLC11A2 | NM_000617 | 溶质运载体家族11(质子偶联的 |
SLC13A3 | NM_001011554 | 溶质运载体家族13成员3同种型b |
SLC17A5 | NM_012434 | 溶质运载体家族17(阴离子/糖 |
SLC1A1 | NM_004170 | 溶质运载体家族1,成员1 |
SLC1A4 | NM_003038 | 溶质运载体家族1,成员4 |
SLC22A15 | NM_018420 | 溶质运载体家族22(有机阳离子 |
SLC25A16 | NM_152707 | 溶质运载体家族25,成员16 |
SLC26A2 | NM_000112 | 溶质运载体家族26成员2 |
SLC26A4 | NM_000441 | 潘蛋白 |
SLC2A12 | NM_145176 | 溶质运载体家族2(易化葡萄糖 |
SLC2A4RG | NM_020062 | SLC2A4调节物 |
SLC31A1 | NM_001859 | 溶质运载体家族31(铜转运体), |
SLC35F5 | NM_025181 | 溶质运载体家族35,成员F5 |
SLC39A9 | NM_018375 | 溶质运载体家族39(锌转运体), |
SLC40A1 | NM_014585 | 溶质运载体家族40(铁调节的 |
SLC6A20 | NM_020208 | 溶质运载体家族6,成员20同种型1 |
SLC7A1 | NM_003045 | 溶质运载体家族7(阳离子氨基酸 |
SLC7A6 | NM_003983 | 溶质运载体家族7(阳离子氨基酸 |
SLC8A3 | NM_033262 | 溶质运载体家族8成员3同种型A |
SLC9A6 | NM_006359 | 溶质运载体家族9(钠/氢 |
SLCO4C1 | NM_180991 | 溶质运载体有机阴离子转运体家族, |
SLITRK1 | NM_052910 | 齿裂和trk样1蛋白质 |
SLMAP | NM_007159 | 肌纤维膜相关蛋白 |
SMAD7 | NM_005904 | MAD,mothers against decapentapleic同系物7 |
SMAD9 | NM_005905 | MAD,mothers against decapentaplegic同系物9 |
SMAP1L | NM_022733 | 基质膜相关蛋白1样 |
SMARCD1 | NM_003076 | SWI/SNF相关基质结合 |
SMARCE1 | NM_003079 | SWI/SNF相关基质结合 |
SMC1L1 | NM_006306 | SMC1染色体结构维持蛋白 |
SMC1L2 | NM_148674 | SMC1染色体结构维持蛋白 |
SMG1 | NM_015092 | PI-3-激酶相关激酶SMG-1 |
SNAP29 | NM_004782 | 突触小体相关蛋白29 |
SNCAIP | NM_005460 | 突触核蛋白α相互作用蛋白质 |
SNRK | NM_017719 | SNF相关激酶 |
SNRPD3 | NM_004175 | 小的核核糖核蛋白多肽D3 |
SNTB1 | NM_021021 | 碱性β1互养蛋白(syntrophin) |
SNX19 | NM_014758 | 分选微管连接蛋白19 |
SOCS5 | NM_014011 | 细胞因子信号抑制蛋白5 |
SOCS7 | NM_014598 | 细胞因子信号抑制蛋白7 |
SOX11 | NM_003108 | SRY-盒11 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 | 性别决定区Y-盒2 |
SOX5 | NM_006940 | SRY(性别决定区Y)-盒5同种型a |
SOX6 | NM_017508 | SRY(性别决定区Y)-盒6同种型1 |
SOX7 | NM_031439 | SRY-盒7 |
SOX9 | NM_000346 | 转录因子SOX9 |
SPAG11 | NM_016512 | 精子相关抗原11同种型A前体 |
SPATA18 | NM_145263 | 精子发生相关的18同系物 |
SPATA2 | NM_006038 | 精子发生相关的2 |
SPATA5L1 | NM_024063 | 精子发生相关的5样1 |
SPDYA | NM_182756 | Speedy同系物1同种型2 |
SPG20 | NM_015087 | Spartin |
SPIN | NM_006717 | spindlin |
SPINT1 | NM_001032367 | 肝细胞生长因子激活物抑制剂1 |
SPOCK1 | NM_004598 | sparc/骨粘连蛋白,cwcv和kazal样结构域 |
SPON1 | NM_006108 | 脊椎蛋白1,细胞外基质蛋白质 |
SPPL3 | NM_139015 | SPPL3蛋白质 |
SPRY1 | NM_005841 | sprouty同系物1,FGF信号拮抗剂 |
SPRY2 | NM_005842 | sprouty2 |
SPRY4 | NM_030964 | sprouty同系物4 |
SPTLC2 | NM_004863 | 丝氨酸棕榈酰转移酶,长链碱基 |
SPTY2D1 | NM_194285 | 假定蛋白LOC144108 |
SRPK1 | NM_003137 | SFRS蛋白质激酶1 |
SRRM1 | NM_005839 | 丝氨酸/精氨酸重复基质1 |
SSFA2 | NM_006751 | 精子特异性抗原2 |
SSPN | NM_005086 | sarcospan |
ST3GAL1 | NM_003033 | 唾液酰基转移酶4A |
ST3GAL6 | NM_006100 | α2,3-唾液酰基转移酶VI |
ST6GAL1 | NM_003032 | 唾液酰基转移酶1同种型a |
ST6GALNAC1 | NM_018414 | GalNAc α-2,6-唾液酰基转移酶I |
ST8SIA4 | NM_005668 | ST8α-N-乙酰基-神经氨酸苷 |
STAG2 | NM_006603 | 基质抗原2 |
STAT3 | NM_003150 | 信号传导子及转录激活子 |
STAT5A | NM_003152 | 信号传导子及转录激活子 |
STCH | NM_006948 | 应激70蛋白质蛋白伴侣, |
STK3 | NM_006281 | 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶3(STE20同系物, |
STK33 | NM_030906 | 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶33 |
STK35 | NM_080836 | 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶35 |
STK36 | NM_015690 | 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶36(融合的同系物, |
STK38L | NM_015000 | 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶38样 |
STK40 | NM_032017 | SINK-同源丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶 |
STS-1 | NM_032873 | Cbl-相互作用蛋白质Sts-1 |
STXBP5 | NM_139244 | tomosyn |
STYK1 | NM_018423 | 丝氨酸/苏氨酸/酪氨酸激酶1 |
SUFU | NM_016169 | 融合的抑制蛋白 |
SUHW4 | NM_001002843 | 毛翅同系物4抑制蛋白同种型2 |
SULF1 | NM_015170 | 硫酸酯酶1 |
SUMF1 | NM_182760 | 硫酸酯酶修饰因子1 |
SURB7 | NM_004264 | RNA聚合酶B的SRB7抑制蛋白同系物 |
SUZ12 | NM_015355 | 连接到JAZF1 |
SYN2 | NM_003178 | 突触蛋白II同种型IIb |
SYNPO2 | NM_133477 | 突触足蛋白2 |
SYT13 | NM_020826 | 突触结合蛋白XIII |
SYT14 | NM_153262 | 突触结合蛋白XIV |
TAF5 | NM_006951 | TBP相关因子5 |
TAGAP | NM_054114 | T细胞活化Rho GTP酶活化蛋白 |
TATDN2 | NM_014760 | 含TatD DNA酶结构域2 |
TBC1D17 | NM_024682 | TBC1结构域家族,成员17 |
TBC1D4 | NM_014832 | TBC1结构域家族,成员4 |
TBC1D5 | NM_014744 | TBC1结构域家族,成员5 |
TBL1XR1 | NM_024665 | 核受体共阻遏物/HDAC3复合体 |
TBX1 | NM_005992 | T-盒1同种型B |
TCF20 | NM_005650 | 转录因子20同种型1 |
TCTA | NM_022171 | T细胞白血病易位改变基因 |
TEX12 | NM_031275 | 睾丸表达的序列12 |
TFB2M | NM_022366 | 转录因子B2,线粒体 |
TFDP1 | NM_007111 | 转录因子Dp-1 |
TFDP3 | NM_016521 | 转录因子Dp家族,成员3 |
TGFA | NM_003236 | 转化生长因子, |
TGFBI | NM_000358 | 转化生长因子,β-诱导的,68kDa |
TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 | TGF-β类型II受体同种型A前体 |
THAP6 | NM_144721 | 含THAP结构域6 |
THBD | NM_000361 | 凝血调节蛋白前体 |
THBS1 | NM_003246 | 血小板反应蛋白1前体 |
THBS2 | NM_003247 | 血小板反应蛋白2前体 |
THBS3 | NM_007112 | 血小板反应蛋白3前体 |
THEM5 | NM_182578 | 硫酯酶超家族成员5 |
TIE1 | NM_005424 | 酪氨酸激酶含免疫球蛋白样和 |
TIMP3 | NM_000362 | 金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂3 |
TLOC1 | NM_003262 | 易位蛋白质1 |
TLR4 | NM_138554 | toll样受体4前体 |
TM4SF11 | NM_015993 | 浆脂蛋白 |
TMCC1 | NM_001017395 | 跨膜和卷曲螺旋结构域1同种型 |
TMEM16C | NM_031418 | 跨膜蛋白质16C |
TMEM27 | NM_020665 | 跨膜蛋白质27 |
TMEM29 | NM_014138 | 假定蛋白LOC29057 |
TMEM33 | NM_018126 | 跨膜蛋白质33 |
TMEM34 | NM_018241 | 跨膜蛋白质34 |
TMEM39A | NM_018266 | 跨膜蛋白质39A |
TMEM55A | NM_018710 | 跨膜蛋白质55A |
TMEM63A | NM_014698 | 跨膜蛋白质63A |
TMEM77 | NM_178454 | 假定蛋白LOC128338 |
TMLHE | NM_018196 | 三甲基赖氨酸羟化酶,ε |
TMSB4Y | NM_004202 | 胸腺素,β4,Y染色体 |
TMTC4 | NM_032813 | 假定蛋白LOC84899 |
TNFAIP3 | NM_006290 | 肿瘤坏死因子,α-诱导的蛋白质3 |
TNFRSF10B | NM_003842 | 肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族, |
TNFRSF10D | NM_003840 | 肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族, |
TNFRSF11B | NM_002546 | 护骨蛋白前体 |
TNFRSF19 | NM_148957 | 肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族, |
TNKS | NM_003747 | 端锚聚合酶,TRF1-相互作用锚蛋白相关 |
TNRC6B | NM_001024843 | 含三核苷酸重复6B同种型2 |
TNS1 | NM_022648 | 张力蛋白 |
TNS3 | NM_022748 | 含张力蛋白样SH2结构域1 |
top2A | NM_001067 | DNA拓扑异构酶II,α同工酶 |
拓扑RS | NM_005802 | 拓扑异构酶I结合,精氨酸/丝氨酸丰富 |
TOR1AIP2 | NM_145034 | 扭蛋白A相互作用蛋白质2 |
TP53BP2 | NM_001031685 | 肿瘤蛋白质p53结合蛋白质,2同种型1 |
TP73L | NM_003722 | 肿瘤蛋白质p73样 |
TPM1 | NM_000366 | 原肌球蛋白1α链同种型5 |
TRAK1 | NM_014965 | OGT(O-Glc-NAc转移酶)-相互作用蛋白质 |
TRAK2 | NM_015049 | 转运蛋白质,驱动蛋白结合2 |
TRAM1 | NM_014294 | 易位链相关膜 |
TRAPPC2 | NM_001011658 | 转运蛋白质复合粒子2 |
TRIM2 | NM_015271 | 含三分模体2 |
TRIM33 | NM_015906 | 含三分模体33蛋白质同种型 |
TRIM35 | NM_171982 | 含三分模体35同种型2 |
TRIM67 | NM_001004342 | 假定蛋白LOC440730 |
TRIM9 | NM_015163 | 三分模体蛋白质9同种型1 |
TRMT5 | NM_020810 | tRNA-(N1G37)甲基转移酶 |
TRPA1 | NM_007332 | 锚蛋白样蛋白质1 |
TRPM2 | NM_001001188 | 瞬时受体电位阳离子通道, |
TRPM6 | NM_017662 | 瞬时受体电位阳离子通道, |
TRPM7 | NM_017672 | 瞬时受体电位阳离子通道, |
TSC1 | NM_000368 | 结节性硬化1蛋白质同种型1 |
TSHZ1 | NM_005786 | teashirt家族锌指1 |
TSHZ3 | NM_020856 | 锌指蛋白537 |
TSNAX | NM_005999 | 易位蛋白相关因子X |
TSPAN12 | NM_012338 | 4次跨膜超家族成员12 |
TSPAN2 | NM_005725 | tetraspan2 |
TSPAN3 | NM_005724 | 4次跨膜超家族成员8同种型1 |
TSPYL4 | NM_021648 | TSPY样4 |
TTF2 | NM_003594 | 转录终止因子,RNA聚合酶 |
TTLL11 | NM_194252 | 微管蛋白酪氨酸连接酶样家族,成员11 |
TTRAP | NM_016614 | TRAF和TNF受体相关蛋白 |
TXNDC6 | NM_178130 | 硫氧还蛋白样2 |
UAP1L1 | NM_207309 | UDP-N-乙酰葡糖胺焦磷酸化酶1样 |
UBE1L2 | NM_018227 | 假定蛋白LOC55236 |
UBE2D2 | NM_003339 | 遍在蛋白缀合酶E2D 2同种型1 |
UBE2Q1 | NM_017582 | 遍在蛋白缀合酶E2Q |
UBXD3 | NM_152376 | 含UBX结构域3 |
UBXD8 | NM_014613 | 含UBX结构域8 |
UGT2B15 | NM_001076 | UDP糖基转移酶2家族,多肽 |
UGT2B17 | NM_001077 | UDP糖基转移酶2家族,多肽 |
UHMK1 | NM_175866 | 激酶相互作用stathmin |
USP28 | NM_020886 | 遍在蛋白特异性蛋白酶28 |
USP47 | NM_017944 | 遍在蛋白特异性蛋白酶47 |
VDAC1 | NM_003374 | 电压依赖性阴离子通道1 |
VDP | NM_003715 | 囊泡停靠蛋白质p115 |
VGLL2 | NM_153453 | 残翅样2同种型2 |
VGLL3 | NM_016206 | 结肠癌相关蛋白质 |
VHL | NM_000551 | von Hippel-Lindau肿瘤抑制物同种型1 |
VMD2L3 | NM_152439 | 2型卵黄样黄斑营养不良样3 |
VPS26A | NM_004896 | 空泡蛋白质分选26同系物A同种型1 |
VPS52 | NM_022553 | 肌动蛋白突变抑制蛋白2样 |
VRK3 | NM_001025778 | 痘苗相关激酶3同种型2 |
VSNL1 | NM_003385 | 视锥蛋白样1 |
WDR21C | NM_152418 | 假定蛋白LOC138009 |
WDR22 | NM_003861 | 断裂点丛集区蛋白质,子宫的 |
WDR23 | NM_025230 | WD重复结构域23同种型1 |
WDR26 | NM_025160 | WD重复结构域26 |
WDR32 | NM_024345 | WD重复结构域32 |
WDR33 | NM_001006623 | WD重复结构域33同种型3 |
WDR5B | NM_019069 | WD重复结构域5B |
WDR68 | NM_005828 | WD重复蛋白质 |
WHSC1L1 | NM_023034 | WHSC1L1蛋白质长同种型 |
WIRE | NM_133264 | WIRE蛋白质 |
WNK3 | NM_001002838 | WNK赖氨酸缺陷型蛋白质激酶3同种型2 |
WNT5A | NM_003392 | 无翅型MMTV整合位点家族, |
WWC2 | NM_024949 | 假定蛋白LOC80014 |
WWP1 | NM_007013 | 含WW结构域的E3遍在蛋白蛋白质连接酶 |
WWP2 | NM_007014 | 含WW结构域的E3遍在蛋白蛋白质连接酶 |
XAGE2 | NM_130777 | XAGE-2蛋白质 |
XK | NM_021083 | McLeod综合征关联的,Kell血型 |
XKR3 | NM_175878 | X Kell血型前体相关家族, |
XKR5 | NM_207411 | XK相关蛋白5a |
XKR8 | NM_018053 | X Kell血型前体相关家族, |
XPO4 | NM_022459 | 输出蛋白4 |
YAP1 | NM_006106 | Yes相关蛋白1,65kD |
YEATS4 | NM_006530 | 神经胶质瘤扩增的序列-41 |
YKT6 | NM_006555 | YKT6v-SNARE蛋白质 |
YOD1 | NM_018566 | 假定蛋白LOC55432 |
ZADH2 | NM_175907 | 锌结合醇脱氢酶,结构域 |
ZAK | NM_133646 | MLK相关激酶同种型2 |
ZBTB2 | NM_020861 | 含锌指和BTB结构域2 |
ZBTB24 | NM_014797 | 含锌指和BTB结构域24 |
ZBTB33 | NM_006777 | Kaiso |
ZBTB39 | NM_014830 | 含锌指和BTB结构域39 |
ZBTB41 | NM_194314 | 含锌指和BTB结构域41 |
ZCCHC3 | NM_033089 | 锌指,含CCHC结构域3 |
ZDHHC17 | NM_015336 | 亨廷顿蛋白相互作用蛋白质14 |
ZDHHC2 | NM_016353 | Rec |
ZFHX1B | NM_014795 | 锌指同源框1b |
ZFP1 | NM_153688 | 锌指蛋白1同系物 |
ZFP90 | NM_133458 | 锌指蛋白90同系物 |
ZFP95 | NM_014569 | 锌指蛋白95同系物 |
ZFPM2 | NM_012082 | 锌指蛋白,多型2 |
ZFYVE16 | NM_014733 | 内体相关FYVE-结构域蛋白质 |
ZNF10 | NM_015394 | 锌指蛋白10 |
ZNF161 | NM_007146 | 锌指蛋白161 |
ZNF185 | NM_007150 | 锌指蛋白185(LIM结构域) |
ZNF189 | NM_003452 | 锌指蛋白189同种型1 |
ZNF211 | NM_006385 | 锌指蛋白211同种型1 |
ZNF217 | NM_006526 | 锌指蛋白217 |
ZNF300 | NM_052860 | 锌指蛋白300 |
ZNF326 | NM_182975 | 锌指蛋白326同种型3 |
ZNF329 | NM_024620 | 锌指蛋白329 |
ZNF336 | NM_022482 | 锌指蛋白336 |
ZNF431 | NM_133473 | 锌指蛋白431 |
ZNF471 | NM_020813 | 锌指蛋白471 |
ZNF480 | NM_144684 | 锌指蛋白480 |
ZNF483 | NM_001007169 | 锌指蛋白483同种型b |
ZNF488 | NM_153034 | 锌指蛋白488 |
ZNF568 | NM_198539 | 锌指蛋白568 |
ZNF576 | NM_024327 | 锌指蛋白576 |
ZNF583 | NM_152478 | 锌指蛋白583 |
ZNF587 | NM_032828 | 锌指蛋白587 |
ZNF609 | NM_015042 | 锌指蛋白609 |
ZNF621 | NM_198484 | 锌指蛋白621 |
ZNF650 | NM_172070 | 锌指蛋白650 |
ZNF651 | NM_145166 | 锌指蛋白651 |
ZNF658 | NM_033160 | 锌指蛋白658 |
ZNF658B | NM_001032297 | 锌指蛋白658B |
ZNF662 | NM_207404 | 锌指蛋白662 |
ZNF704 | NM_001033723 | 锌指蛋白704 |
ZNF84 | NM_003428 | 锌指蛋白84(HPF2) |
ZPLD1 | NM_175056 | 假定蛋白LOC131368 |
ZYG11B | NM_024646 | 假定蛋白LOC79699 |
表4.在转染前体-miR hsa-miR-21的人癌细胞中表现出mRNA表达水平改变的hsa-miR-21靶,针对RefSeq ID参考序列-Pruitt等,2005
基因符号 | RefSeq转录物ID | 描述 |
C1orf121 | NM_016076 | 假定蛋白LOC51029 |
COL4A1 | NM_001845 | α1类型IV胶原前蛋白原 |
DNAJB9 | NM_012328 | DnaJ(Hsp40)同系物,亚家族B,成员9 |
EIF2S1 | NM_004094 | 真核翻译起始因子2, |
FBXO11 | NM_025133 | 只有F-盒蛋白质11同种型1 |
PDCD4 | NM_014456 | 程序性细胞死亡4同种型1 |
PELI2 | NM_021255 | pellino 2 |
PHTF2 | NM_020432 | 假定的同源异型域转录因子2 |
PPIF | NM_005729 | 肽基脯氨酰异构酶F前体 |
RDX | NM_002906 | 根蛋白 |
RNASE4 | NM_002937 | 核糖核酸酶,RNA酶A家族,4前体 |
RP2 | NM_006915 | XRP2蛋白质 |
预测的其mRNA表达水平受hsa-miR-21影响的hsa-miR-21的基因靶,代表着用于通过控制它们的表达水平进行癌症治疗和其他疾病治疗的特别有用的候选物。
本发明某些实施方案包括通过扩增分析、杂交分析或蛋白质分析确定一个或一个以上标记、基因或代表一个或一个以上基因的核酸片段的表达,上述种种方法为本领域普通技术人员众所周知。在某些方面,扩增分析可以是定量扩增分析,例如定量RT-PCR等。在仍进一步的方面中,杂交分析可以包括阵列杂交分析或溶液杂交分析。来自样品的核酸可以从样品中标记和/或将标记核酸与一个或一个以上核酸探针杂交。核酸、mRNA和/或核酸探针可以偶联至支持物。此类支持物是本领域普通技术人员众所周知的并且包括,但不限于玻璃、塑料、金属或乳胶。在本发明的特定方面,支持物可以是平面的或者是珠的形式或者本领域已知的其他几何形状或构型。蛋白质有代表性地通过免疫印迹、层析或质谱分析法或本领域普通技术人员已知的其他方法分析。
本发明还应该考虑到包含本发明组合物或者借以实现本发明方法的组合物的试剂盒。在一些实施方案中,试剂盒可以用于评估一个或一个以上标记分子和/或表达一个或一个以上miRNA或miRNA抑制剂。在某些实施方案中,试剂盒包含、至少包含或至多包含1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、100、150、200或更多个与待评估标记相关的探针、重组核酸或合成核酸分子或者待表达或调节的miRNA或miRNA抑制剂,并且可以包括从它们导出的任何范围或组合。试剂盒可以包含可以单独包装的或者置于一个容器,例如管、瓶、小瓶、注射器或其他适宜容器装置内的成分。单独成分还可以浓缩量形式在试剂盒中提供;在一些实施方案中,成分以与它在含其他成分的溶液中的浓度相同的浓度单独提供。成分的浓度可以以1×、2×、5×、10×、20×或更高倍数提供。可以作为本发明的部分包含用于使用本发明探针、合成核酸、重组核酸或非合成核酸开展治疗应用、预后应用或诊断应用的试剂盒。特别考虑的是对应于据报导影响本文所述一个或一个以上标志基因或基因途径的生物学活性或表达的任何miRNA的任何此类分子。在某些方面,阴性和/或阳性对照包括在一些试剂盒实施方案中。对照分子可以用于证实转染效率和/或控制转染诱导的细胞变化。
某些实施方案涉及用于通过样品核酸谱分析评估患者病理状况或者发展成病理状况危险的试剂盒,包含在适宜容器装置中的两种或者两种以上核酸杂交或扩增试剂。试剂盒可以包含用于标记样品中核酸的试剂和/或核酸杂交试剂。杂交试剂有代表性地包含杂交探针。扩增试剂包括,但不限于扩增引物、试剂和酶。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,表达谱通过包括下列的步骤产生:(a)标记样品中的核酸;(b)将核酸与诸多探针杂交或扩增诸多核酸,和(c)确定和/或定量与探针杂交的核酸或者探测和定量扩增产物,其中表达谱产生。见美国临时专利申请60/575,743和美国临时专利申请60/649,584和美国专利申请序列号11/141,707和美国专利申请序列号11/273,640,所有这些专利申请通过参考并入本文。
本发明方法包括基于miRNA和/或标记核酸表达谱诊断和/或评估患者预后。在某些实施方案中,细胞中特定基因或遗传途径或核酸组表达水平较之正常或非病理细胞或组织样品中它们的表达水平提高或降低与疾病状态或病理状况关联。在测量被评估生物学样品中一个或一个以上核酸表达水平并与正常或者非病理细胞或组织样品中的表达水平相比较时,该关联使得可以开展诊断和/或预后方法。特别考虑的是,患者特别是怀疑患有或倾向具有特定疾病或状况例如癌症的那些患者的表达谱可以通过评估本申请所述任何的或多组的miRNA和/或核酸产生。从患者产生的表达谱将是提供关于特定疾病或状况信息的表达谱。在许多实施方案中,使用核酸杂交或扩增(例如阵列杂交或RT-PCR)产生表达谱。在某些方面,表达谱可以与其他诊断和/或预后试验,例如组织学、血清中蛋白质谱和/或细胞遗传评估联合使用。
方法可以进一步地包括一个或一个以上步骤,包括:(a)从患者得到样品,(b)从样品分离核酸,(c)标记从样品分离的核酸,和(d)将标记的核酸与一个或一个以上探针杂交。本发明核酸包括一个或一个以上核酸,所述核酸包含至少一个具有表1、3、4和/或5中一个或一个以上基因或标记所代表核酸序列或互补序列的片段。
应该考虑到,本文所述的任何方法或组合物可以使用本文所述的任何其他方法或组合物实现,并且不同的实施方案可以组合。应该特别考虑到是,本文所述的对于miRNA分子、miRNA、基因和代表基因的核酸的任何方法和组合物可以使用合成核酸实现。在一些实施方案中,合成核酸处于适当条件下,以便使其变成加工的或者成熟的核酸,例如生理条件下的miRNA。最初提交的权利要求考虑涵盖多次从属于任何所提交权利要求或所提交权利要求组合的权利要求。
同样,涉及特异基因(包括其代表性片段)、mRNA或名称叫作miRNA的本发明的任何实施方案还考虑涵盖涉及其序列与特定miRNA的成熟序列具有至少80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99%同一性的miRNA的实施方案。
应当进一步理解,除非另外指出,采用缩写符号时,对基因或其标记或miRNA的一般描述指任何其基因家族成员(通过数字区分)或其代表性片段。本领域技术人员应理解,“基因家族”指具有相同编码序列或miRNA编码序列的一组基因。有代表性地,miRNA基因家族的成员通过最初指定名后跟数字鉴别。例如,miR-16-1和miR-16-2是miR-16基因家族成员,“mir-7”指miR-7-1、miR-7-2和miR-7-3。此外,除非另外指出,缩写符号指相关miRNA(通过字母区分)。该缩写符号的例外将另外鉴别。
在本申请的各处讨论本发明的另外实施方案。对于本发明的一个方面所讨论的任何实施方案也适用于本发明的其他方面并且反之亦然。实施例和具体实施方式部分中的实施方案理解为可适用于本发明所有方面的本发明实施方案。
术语“抑制”、“降低”或“预防”或者这些术语的任何变化形式,当用于权利要求书和/或说明书中时包括达到期望结果的任何可测量的降低或完全抑制。
当词“一”或“一”在权利要求书和/或说明书中与术语“包含”联合使用时,可能意思是“一个”,但其还有“一个或多个”、“至少一个”和“一个或一个以上”的意思。
在该申请的通篇中,术语“大约”用于指数值包括对于用来确定数值的设备或方法的误差标准差。
虽然此公开支持术语“或者”指仅备选物和“和/或”,但是在权利要求书中术语“或者”用于指“和/或”,除非明确指出是指仅备选物或者备选物相互排斥。
如在该说明书和权利要求书中所使用,词“包含”(和包含的任何形式,例如“包含”和“包含”)、“具有”(和具有的任何形式,例如“具有”和“具有”)、“包括”(和包括的任何形式,例如“包括”和“包括”)或者“含有”(和含有的任何形式,例如“含有”和“含有”)是包含性的或者开放性的,并且不排除额外的、非描述的元件或方法步骤。
本发明的其他目的、特征和优点在详细描述之后会变得明显。然而,应当理解的是,详细描述和特定实施例仅以例证的方式给出以显示本发明特定实施方案,因为从该详细描述可以看出,处于本发明精神和范围内的多种改变和修饰对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及组合物和方法,所述组合物和方法与如通过所鉴定基因的表达所代表的鉴定和表征基因和与这些基因相关的生物学途径相关,并且涉及与此相关的miRNA用于治疗、预后和诊断应用的用途,特别是与评估和/或鉴定miR-21表达或其异常表达直接或间接相关的病理状况相关的那些方法和组合物。
在某些方面,本发明涉及用于对细胞或受试者评估、分析和/或治疗的方法,在所述的细胞或受试者中,因为任何一个或者组合的miR-21家族成员或其抑制剂表达增加或降低,使得某些基因表达降低或增加(相对于正常)。在某些情况下,针对miR-20表达或抑制的表达谱和/或反应可以指示疾病或病理状况,例如癌症。
表征任何一个或组合的所列miRNA或所列标记(包括其代表性核酸)的预后分析可以用于患者评估中,以确定如果有治疗方案的话,什么治疗方案是对的。与上述的诊断分析一样,限定低表达的绝对值会依赖于用于测量miRNA的平台。对于诊断分析所描述的方法同样可用于预后分析。
I.治疗方法
本发明实施方案涉及当导入细胞内后执行内源miRNA活性或者抑制内源miRNA的核酸。在某些方面,核酸是合成的或非合成的miRNA。序列特异性的miRNA抑制剂可以用于连续性或组合抑制细胞内一个或一个以上内源miRNA活性,以及受内源miRNA调节的那些基因和相关途径的活性。
本发明在一些实施方案中涉及在细胞中作为miRNA或者miRNA抑制剂起作用的短核酸分子。术语“短”指15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、50、100、150个核苷酸或更少的单一多核苷酸长度,包括可从它们当中导出的所有整数或范围。核酸分子有代表性地是合成的。术语“合成的”指非细胞内天然产生的核酸分子。在某些方面,化学结构偏离天然存在的核酸分子,例如内源前体miRNA或miRNA分子或其互补物。然而在一些实施方案中,本发明核酸不具有与天然存在核酸序列相同或互补的全部序列,此类分子可以包含全部或部分的天然存在序列或其互补物。然而,应该考虑到施用至细胞的合成的核酸可以随后在细胞内被修饰或改变,以致于其结构或序列与非合成的或天然存在的核酸,例如成熟miRNA序列相同。例如,合成的核酸可以具有与前体miRNA序列不同的序列,但是该序列一旦进入细胞可以被改变成与内源性的、加工了的miRNA或其抑制剂相同的序列。术语“分离的”意思是指,本发明核酸分子最初从不同的(依据序列或结构)和不需要的核酸分子分离而来,以致于所分离核酸的群体就其他多核苷酸分子而言是至少大约90%同源的,并且可以是至少大约95、96、97、98、99或100%同源的。在许多本发明实施方案中,核酸是分离的,因为它已经被体外合成,与细胞内源核酸分离开来。然而,应当理解的是,分离的核酸可以随后混合或集合在一起。在某些方面,本发明的合成miRNA是RNA或RNA类似物。miRNA抑制剂可以是DNA或RNA或其类似物。本发明的miRNA和miRNA抑制剂总称为“合成核酸”。
在一些实施方案中,存在具有17和130个残基之间长度的miRNA或合成的miRNA。本发明涉及长度是、是至少或者是至多15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100、101、102、103、104、105、106、107、108、109、110、111、112、113、114、115、116、117、118、119、120、121、122、123、124、125、126、127、128、129、130、140、145、150、160、170、180、190、200或更多个残基的miRNA或合成miRNA分子,包括它们之间的任何整数或范围。
在某些实施方案中,合成miRNA具有(a)“miRNA区域”,其序列或结合区从5’至3’与全部或部分成熟miRNA序列相同或互补,和(b)“互补区域”,其序列从5’至3’与(a)中miRNA序列具有60%和100%之间的互补性。在某些实施方案中,这些合成miRNA也是分离的,如上面所定义。术语“miRNA区域”指合成miRNA上与成熟的天然存在miRNA序列的全部序列或其互补物具有至少75、80、85、90、95或100%同源性的区域,包括它们之间的全部整数。在某些实施方案中,miRNA区域与天然存在miRNA的序列或其互补物具有或具有至少90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、99.1、99.2、99.3、99.4、99.5、99.6、99.7、99.8、99.9或100%同源性。
术语“互补区域”或“互补物”指与成熟的天然存在miRNA序列具有或具有至少60%互补性的核酸或模拟物的区域。互补区域具有或具有至少60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、99.1、99.2、99.3、99.4、99.5、99.6、99.7、99.8、99.9或100%互补性或者从其中可导出的任何范围。在单个多核苷酸序列内,可以具有发夹环结构,这是miRNA区域和互补区域之间化学键合的结果。在其他实施方案中,互补区域在与miRNA区域不同的核酸分子上,在该情况下,互补区域在互补链上而miRNA区域在活性链上。
在本发明另外的实施方案中,存在为miRNA抑制剂的合成核酸。miRNA抑制剂长度在大约17至25个核苷酸之间,并且包含与成熟miRNA的5’至3’序列具有至少90%互补性的5’至3’序列。在某些实施方案中,miRNA抑制剂分子长度是17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24或25个核苷酸或者可从它们导出的任何范围。然而,miRNA抑制剂可以具有与成熟miRNA、特别是成熟的天然存在miRNA的5’至3’序列具有或具有至少70、75、80、85、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、99.1、99.2、99.3、99.4、99.5、99.6、99.7、99.8、99.9或100%或可从其导出的任何范围的互补性的序列(从5’至3’)。本领域技术人员可以使用与成熟miRNA序列互补的部分miRNA序列作为miRNA抑制剂序列。然而,该部分核酸序列可以被改变,以致于其与成熟miRNA序列仍然具有适当百分数的互补性。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,合成的miRNA或抑制剂包含一个或一个以上设计元件。这些设计元件包括,但不限于:(i)对于互补区域5’末端核苷酸的磷酸或羟基的取代基;(ii)互补区域开始或最后1-6个残基中一个或一个以上糖修饰;或(iii)互补区域3’端最后1-5个残基内的一个或一个以上核苷酸与miRNA区域相应核苷酸的非互补性。多种设计修饰是本领域众所周知的,见下文。
在某些实施方案中,合成的miRNA在其互补区域5’端具有其磷酸和/或羟基已经被另一化学基取代的核苷酸(被称为“取代设计”)。在一些情况下,磷酸基被取代,而在另外一些情况下,羟基已经被取代。虽然其他取代基为本领域技术人员众所周知并且同样可以使用,但是在特定实施方案中,取代基是生物素、胺基、低碳烷基胺胺基、乙酰基、2’O-Me(2’氧-甲基)、DMTO(带氧的4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基)、荧光素、巯基或吖啶。该设计元件还可以在miRNA抑制剂中使用。
另外的实施方案涉及在互补区域开始或最后1-6个残基中具有一个或一个以上糖修饰的合成miRNA(被称为“糖取代设计”)。在某些情况下,在互补区域的开始1、2、3、4、5、6或更多个残基或可从其中导出的任何范围的残基中存在一个或一个以上糖修饰。在另外的情况下,在互补区域的最后1、2、3、4、5、6或更多个残基或可从其中导出的任何范围残基内存在一个或一个以上糖修饰。应当理解的是,术语“开始”和“最后”是对于区域的从5’端至3’端的残基次序而言的。在特定实施方案中,糖修饰是2’O-Me修饰。在进一步的实施方案中,在互补区域的开始或最后2-4个残基内或者互补区域的开始或最后4-6个残基内存在一个或一个以上糖修饰。该设计元件还可以在miRNA抑制剂中使用。因此,如上所述,miRNA抑制剂可以在5’末端核苷酸上具有该设计元件和/或取代基。
本发明另外的实施方案,存在其中互补区域3’端最后1-5个残基中一个或一个以上核苷酸与miRNA区域相应核苷酸不互补的合成miRNA或抑制剂(“非互补性”)(被称为“非互补性设计”)。非互补性可以存在于互补miRNA的最后1、2、3、4和/或5个残基中。在某些实施方案中,在互补区域的至少2个核苷酸内存在非互补性。
应该考虑到本发明的合成miRNA具有一个或一个以上取代、糖修饰或非互补性设计。在某些情况下,合成RNA分子具有它们当中的两种,而在另外一些情况下,这些分子在适当位置具有全部三种设计。
miRNA区域和互补区域可以在同一或者分开的多核苷酸上。在miRNA区域和互补区域包含在同一多核苷酸之上或之内的情况下,miRNA分子将考虑为单一多核苷酸。在不同的区域位于分开的多核苷酸之上的实施方案中,合成miRNA将考虑包含在两个多核苷酸内。
当RNA分子为单一多核苷酸时,在miRNA区域和互补区域之间可存在接头区。在一些实施方案中,单一多核苷酸是能够形成发夹环结构,这是miRNA区域和互补区域结合的结果。接头构成了发夹环。在一些实施方案中,应该考虑到接头区长度为、为至少或为至多2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39或40个残基或者可从其中导出的任何范围。在某些实施方案中,接头长度为3和30个残基(包含在内)之间。
除了具有miRNA区或抑制剂区和互补区域之外,还可以在区域的5’端或3’端具有侧翼序列。在一些实施方案中,在这些区域的一侧或两侧存在或存在至少1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10个核苷酸或更多个核苷酸,或者可从其中导出的任何范围。
本发明方法包括降低或消除细胞内一个或一个以上miRNA活性,包括向细胞内引入miRNA抑制剂(其在本文一般描述为miRNA,以致于描述miRNA在适当的地方也会指miRNA抑制剂);或者提供或增强细胞内一个或一个以上miRNA活性。本发明还涉及通过向细胞特定核酸,例如特异性合成miRNA分子或合成miRNA抑制剂分子诱导某些细胞特性。然而,在本发明方法中,miRNA分子或miRNA抑制剂不必须是合成的。它们可以具有与天然存在miRNA具有同源性的序列或者它们可以不具有任何设计修饰。在某些实施方案中,miRNA分子和/或miRNA抑制剂是合成的,如上所述。
向细胞提供的特定核酸分子理解为对应于细胞内的特定miRNA,因此细胞内的miRNA被称为“对应miRNA”。在指定miRNA分子引入细胞内的情况下,对应miRNA将被理解为被诱导或抑制的miRNA或者被诱导或抑制的miRNA功能。然而,应该考虑到被引入细胞内的miRNA分子不是成熟miRNA,而是能够在适当生理条件下变成成熟miRNA或者充当成熟miRNA。在特定的对应miRNA被miRNA抑制剂抑制的情况下,特定miRNA将被称为“靶向的miRNA”。应该考虑到可以涉及多个对应miRNA。在特定实施方案中,一种以上miRNA分子被引入细胞内。然而,在其他实施方案中,一种以上miRNA抑制剂被引入细胞内。此外,miRNA分子和miRNA抑制剂的组合可以被引入细胞内。发明人应该考虑到,miRNA组合可以在异常表型细胞内细胞途径中一个或一个以上点处起作用,并且此种组合对靶细胞的有效性增加,而与此同时对正常细胞没有不利影响。因此,miRNA组合可以对受试者或者患者具有最低限度的不利影响,而同时提供充足的治疗作用,例如状况改善、细胞的生长抑制、所靶向细胞的死亡、细胞表型或生理学改变、细胞生长放缓、对第二治疗法的敏化、对特定治疗法的敏化等等。
方法包括鉴定需要诱导这些细胞特性的细胞或患者。同样,应当理解的是,向细胞或有机体提供的一定量合成核酸是“有效量”,其指达到期望的目标,诸如诱导特定细胞特性所需要的量(或足够量)。方法的某些实施方案包括向细胞提供或引入有效达到期望的生理学结果数量的对应于细胞内miRNA的核酸分子。
此外,方法可以包括提供合成或非合成miRNA分子。在这些实施方案中应该考虑到,方法可限于或可不限于提供仅仅一个或一个以上合成miRNA分子或者仅仅一个或一个以上非合成miRNA分子。因此,在某些实施方案中,方法可以涉及提供合成miRNA分子和非合成miRNA分子。在该情况下,最有可能向一个细胞或多个细胞提供对应于特定miRNA的合成miRNA分子和对应于不同miRNA的非合成miRNA分子。此外,使用一列miRNA用马库什组语言限定的任何方法可以不用马库什组语言而用分离性的词(即,或者)限定,反之亦然。
有代表性地,细胞内的内源基因、miRNA或mRNA被调节。在特定实施方案中,核酸序列包含至少一个在核酸序列上与一个或一个以上miRNA或基因序列具有至少70、75、80、85、90、95或100%同源性的片段。表达的调节或者内源基因、miRNA或mRNA的表达或加工的调节可以贯穿于mRNA加工的调节中,此类加工包括细胞内的转录、转运和/或翻译。调节还可以通过细胞、组织或器官内miRNA活性的抑制或增强而实现。此类加工可影响所编码产物的表达或者mRNA的稳定性。仍然在其他实施方案中,核酸序列可包含修饰核酸序列。在某些方面,一个或一个以上miRNA序列可包括或包含修饰核碱基或核酸序列。
应当理解,在本发明方法中,可通过向细胞或有机体施用其一旦进入细胞即充当对应miRNA的核酸分子,向细胞或其他生物物质例如有机体(包括患者)提供对应于特定miRNA的miRNA或miRNA分子。向细胞提供的分子的形式可以不是一旦进入细胞即充当miRNA的形式。因此,在一些实施方案中应该考虑到提供合成miRNA或非合成miRNA,以致于其一旦进入细胞的miRNA加工机构即被加工成成熟的和活化的miRNA。在某些实施方案中,特别考虑的是,提供的miRNA分子不是成熟miRNA分子,而是其一旦进入miRNA加工机构即被加工成成熟miRNA的核酸分子。miRNA背景下的术语“非合成”意思是指miRNA不是“合成的”,如本文所定义。此外,应该考虑到在涉及使用合成miRNA的本发明实施方案中,在本发明的一个方面也考虑使用相应的非合成,反之亦然。应当理解的是,术语“提供”试剂用于包括向患者“施用”试剂。
在某些实施方案中,方法还包括靶向miRNA以在细胞或有机体内调节。术语“靶向miRNA以调节”意思是指将采用本发明核酸以调节所选择的miRNA。在一些实施方案中,调节用对应于所靶向miRNA的合成或非合成miRNA实现,其有效地向细胞或有机体提供所靶向的miRNA(正向调节)。在其他实施方案中,调节用miRNA抑制剂实现,其有效地抑制细胞或有机体中的所靶向的miRNA(负向调节)。
在一些实施方案中,被靶向调节的miRNA是影响疾病、状况或途径的miRNA。在某些实施方案中,miRNA被靶向,因为治疗可以通过负向调节所靶向miRNA而提供。在其他实施方案中,miRNA被靶向,因为治疗可以通过正向调节所靶向miRNA或其靶标而提供。
在本发明的某些方法中,存在向需要与靶向miRNA调节相关的治疗的或需要本文所述生理学或生物学结果(例如对于特定细胞途径或结果,如细胞活力下降)的细胞、组织、器官或有机体(总称为“生物物质”)施用所选择的miRNA调节剂的更多步骤。因此,在本发明的一些方法中,存在鉴定需要通过提供miRNA调节剂治疗的患者的步骤。应该考虑到,在一些实施方案中施用有效量的miRNA调节剂。在特定实施方案中,赋予生物物质治疗益处,其中“治疗益处”指一种或一种以上状况或与疾病或状况相关症状的改善,或者就疾病而言预后、持续时间或状况的改善。应该考虑到治疗益处包括,但不限于疼痛降低、发病率降低和/或症状减少。例如,就癌症而言,应该考虑到治疗益处可以是肿瘤生长的抑制、转移的阻止、转移灶数量的减少、癌细胞增殖的抑制、癌细胞中细胞死亡的诱导、癌细胞附近血管发生的抑制、癌细胞细胞凋亡的诱导、疼痛的减轻、复发危险的降低、癌细胞中化学敏感性或辐射敏感性的诱导、生命的延长和/或癌症直接或间接相关的死亡的延迟。
此外,应该考虑到,miRNA组合物可以作为治疗的一部分与传统治疗法或预防试剂联合向患者提供。此外,应该考虑到在治疗背景下讨论的任何方法,可以预防性地特别应用于经鉴定潜在需要治疗或者处于需要治疗的状况或疾病风险之中的患者。
此外,本发明方法涉及使用一种或一种以上对应于miRNA的核酸和治疗药物。核酸可以增强药物的作用或有效性、降低任何副作用或毒性、改变其生物利用率和/或降低所需要的剂量或频率。在某些实施方案中,治疗药物是癌症治疗剂。因此,在一些实施方案中,存在治疗患者中癌症的方法,包括向患者施用癌症治疗剂和有效量的至少一种改善癌症治疗剂有效性或保护非癌细胞的miRNA分子。癌症治疗法还包括与基于化学和辐射的治疗的多种联合治疗。联合治疗包括但不限于,例如,5-氟尿嘧啶、阿仑单抗、氨柔比星、贝伐单抗、博来霉素、硼替佐米、白消安、喜树碱、卡培他滨、碳铂、西妥昔单抗、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂(CDDP)、COX-2抑制剂(例如塞来昔布)、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、更生霉素、达沙替尼、柔红霉素、地塞米松、多西他塞、阿霉素(亚德里亚霉素)、EGFR抑制剂(吉非替尼和西妥昔单抗)、埃罗替尼、雌激素受体结合剂、依托泊苷(VP16)、依维莫司、法呢基-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂、吉非替尼、吉西他滨、吉妥单抗、替伊莫单抗、异环磷酰胺、甲磺酸伊马替尼、larotaxel、拉帕替尼、洛那法尼、氮芥、美法仑、甲氨蝶呤、丝裂霉素、诺维本、亚硝基脲、洛可达唑、草酸铂、紫杉醇、plicomycin、丙卡巴肼、雷洛昔芬、利妥昔单抗、西罗莫司、索拉非尼、舒尼替尼、他莫昔芬、红豆杉醇、多西他赛、西罗莫司脂化物、替吡法尼、托西莫单抗、transplatinum、曲妥珠单抗、长春碱、长春新碱、或长春瑞滨或者上述药物的任何类似物或衍生变体。
通常,可给与miRNA抑制剂以降低内源miRNA的活性。例如,增加细胞增殖的miRNA分子的抑制剂可以向细胞提供以降低细胞增殖。本发明应该考虑到针对本文所公开的不同miRNA分子和miRNA抑制剂观察到不同生理效应的这些实施方案。这包括,但不限于下列生理效应:增加和降低细胞增殖、增加或降低细胞凋亡、增加转化、增加或降低细胞活力、激活或抑制激酶(例如Erk)、激活/诱导或抑制hTert、抑制促进生长途径(例如Stat 3信号途径)的兴奋、减少或增加活细胞数、和增加或降低细胞周期中特定期细胞数。本发明方法一般考虑包括提供或引入对应于一种或一种以上不同miRNA分子的一种或一种以上不同核酸分子。应该考虑到下列数量、至少下列数量或至多下列数量的不同核酸或miRNA分子可以被提供或引入:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100或从其中导出的任何范围。这也适用于可以提供或引入细胞内的不同miRNA分子的数量。
II.药物制剂和递送
本发明方法包括递送有效量的miRNA或编码其的表达构建体。“有效量”药物组合物通常定义为足以可检测地和可重复地达到所述期望的结果,例如改善、降低、最小化或限制疾病或其症状程度的数量。可采用其他更严格的定义,包括消除、消灭或治愈疾病。
A.施用
在某些实施方案中,期望杀死细胞、抑制细胞生长、抑制转移、降低肿瘤或组织大小和/或逆转或降低细胞的恶性或疾病表型。施用途径自然地随着待靶向的病变或部位的位置和性质而变化,并且包括例如真皮内、皮下、区域、肠胃外、静脉内、肌内、鼻内、全身和口服施用和制剂。直接注射、瘤内注射或肿瘤脉管系统内注射特别考虑用于分散的、实体的、可接近的肿瘤或其他可接近的靶区域。局部、区域或全身施用也是适当的。对于>4cm的肿瘤,待施用的体积将会是大约4-10ml(优选10ml),而对于<4cm的肿瘤,将使用大约1-3ml的体积(优选3ml)。
作为单次剂量递送的多次注射包含大约0.1至大约0.5ml的体积。本发明组合物可以在多次注射中施用至肿瘤所所靶向部位。在某些方面,注射可以以大约1cm的间隔间隔开。
在手术介入的情况下,本发明可在手术前使用,以使得不宜手术的肿瘤受试者能够行切除术。备选地,本发明可以在手术的同时使用,和/或手术之后使用以治疗残留的或转移的疾病。例如,可向将切除的瘤床注射或者灌注包含miRNA或其组合的制剂。在切除术后可连续施用,例如通过在手术部位植入导管。还构想了定期术后治疗。还考虑连续灌注表达构建体或病毒构建体。
适当时也可以采用连续施用,例如,当肿瘤或其他不希望的患病区域被切除和瘤床或靶向部位被处理以消除残留的微小疾病(microscopic disease)时。考虑通过注射器或导管递送。此类连续灌注可在最初治疗之后持续从大约1-2小时至大约2-6小时、至大约6-12小时、至大约12-24小时、至大约1-2天、至大约1-2周或者更长时间。通常,通过连续灌注的治疗组合物的剂量等同于随着灌注持续阶段调整的单次或多次注射的剂量。
治疗方案同样也可变化,并且常常依赖于肿瘤类型、肿瘤部位、免疫状况、靶位点、疾病进程和患者的健康和年龄。某些肿瘤类型将需要更积极治疗。临床医生将最适合基于治疗制剂的已知有效性和毒性(如果存在的话)做出此类决定。
在某些实施方案中,被治疗的肿瘤或患病区域可能是,至少最初是不可切除的。用本发明组合物治疗可以因为边界收缩或者消除了某些特别的侵袭部分而增加肿瘤的可切除性。在治疗后,行切除术是可能的。在切除术后的额外的治疗可用作消除肿瘤或靶向部位的微小残留疾病。
治疗可以包括多种“单位剂量”。单位剂量定义为包含预定量的治疗组合物。待施用的量和特定途径和制剂处于临床领域技术人员的技能范围内。单位剂量不需要以单次注射施用,但是可以包含在设定的时间阶段内连续灌注。对于本发明的病毒成分,单位剂量可以方便地以μg或mg miRNA或miRNA模拟物的方式描述。备选地,指定量可以是作为每日平均剂量、每周平均剂量或每月平均剂量施用的量。
miRNA可以以大约或至少大约0.5、1、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、60、70、80、90、100、110、120、130、140、150、160、170、180、190、200、210、220、230、240、250、260、270、280、290、300、310、320、330、340、350、360、370、380、390、400、410、420、430、440、450、460、470、480、490、500、510、520、530、540、550、560、570、580、590、600、610、620、630、640、650、660、670、680、690、700、710、720、730、740、750、760、770、780、790、800、810、820、830、840、850、860、870、880、890、900、910、920、930、940、950、960、970、980、990、1000μg或mg或更多或从其中导出的任何范围的剂量向患者施用。备选地,指定量可以是作为每日平均剂量、每周平均剂量或每月平均剂量施用的量或者其可以以mg/kg方式表示,其中kg指患者重量,mg在上文说明。在其他实施方案中,指定量是上述的任何数但是表示为mg/m2(肿瘤大小或者患者表面积)。
B.注射组合物和制剂
在一些实施方案中,用于递送miRNA或编码其的表达构建体或其组合的方法是经由全身施用。然而,本文所公开的药物组合物也可以肠胃外、皮下、直接、气管内、静脉内、真皮内、肌内或甚至腹膜内施用,如美国专利5,543,158;5,641,515和5,399,363(每一专利全文明确地通过参考并入本文)中所述。
核酸注射可以通过注射器或者用于注射溶液的任何其他方法递送,只要核酸和任何相关成分可以通过注射所需的特定号的针头即可。注射器系统也已经描述用于基因治疗,允许精确地在任何深度多次注射预定量的溶液(美国专利5,846,225)。
作为游离碱或可药用盐的活性化合物溶液在适当混合有表面活性剂,例如羟基丙基纤维素的水中制备。也可以在甘油、液体聚乙二醇、其混合物中和在油类中制备分散液。在储存和使用的常规条件下,这些制剂包含防腐剂以防止微生物生长。适宜注射使用的药物形式包括无菌水溶液或分散液和用于临时制备无菌注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉剂(美国专利5,466,468,其全文明确地通过参考并入本文)。在所有情况下,剂型必须是无菌的并且必须是易注射程度的流体。其必须是于制造和储存条件下稳定的并且必须防止微生物,例如细菌和真菌的污染作用。载体可以是溶剂或分散介质,包含例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇等等)、其适宜混合物和/或植物油。例如可以通过使用包衣,例如卵磷脂、通过维持分散液所需要的颗粒大小和通过使用表面活性剂维持适当的流动性。对微生物作用的抑制可以通过多种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸酯类、三氯叔丁醇,苯酚,山梨酸,硫柳汞等实现。在许多情况下,将优选包括等渗剂,例如糖或氯化钠。注射组合物的延长吸收可以通过在组合物中使用延迟吸收试剂,例如,单硬脂酸铝和明胶实现。
在某些制剂中,采用基于水的制剂,而在另外一些情况下,可以是基于脂质的制剂。在本发明的特定实施方案中,包含肿瘤抑制蛋白或者编码其的核酸的组合物是基于水的制剂。在其他实施方案中,制剂是基于脂质的。
例如对于水溶液的肠胃外施用,必要时溶液应当被适宜缓冲并且首先使用足够的盐或葡萄糖使液体稀释液具有等渗性。这些特定水溶液特别适宜静脉内、肌内、皮下、瘤内、病变部内和腹膜内施用。在这一点上,可以采用的无菌水介质依据本公开将会是本领域技术人员已知的。例如,一次剂量可以溶解于1ml等渗NaCl溶液中,并且,或者加入到1000ml皮下灌注流体中,或者在计划灌注部位注射(见例如,“Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences”第15版,第1035-1038和1570-1580页)。取决于被治疗受试者的状况,必定发生剂量的一些改变。负责施用的人员无论如何将针对个体受试者确定适当剂量。此外,对于人类施用,制剂应该满足FDA生物制剂标准办公室所要求的无菌性、致热原性、一般安全性和纯度标准。
如本文所使用,“载体”包括任何和全部的溶剂、分散介质、运载体、包衣、稀释剂、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂、等渗剂和吸收延迟剂、缓冲剂、载体溶液、悬液、胶体等。此类介质和试剂用于药物活性物质的用途是本领域众所周知的。其在治疗组合物中的用途可以考虑,除非任何常规介质或试剂与活性成分不相容。补充的活性成分也可加入到组合物中。
短语“可药用”指施用至人时不产生变态反应或类似不良反应的分子实体和组合物。
核酸以与剂量制剂相容的方式并且以治疗有效量施用。待施用的量取决于待治疗的受试者,包括例如疾病或癌症的侵袭性、任何肿瘤或损害的大小、先前治疗或其他疗程治疗。需要施用的活性成分的精确的量依赖于医师的判断。最初施用和后续施用的适宜方案也是可变的,但典型的是先最初施用,然后是其他施用。此类施用可以作为一次剂量、在跨越10、20、30、40、50、60分钟和/或1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24或更多个小时和/或1、2、3、4、5、6、7天或更长的时间内连续地全身施用。此外,可通过由制剂和/或施用模式实现的定时释放或持续释放机制施用。
C.组合治疗
在某些实施方案中,本发明组合物和方法涉及miRNA或编码其的表达构建体。这些miRNA组合物可以与第二治疗法组合使用以增强miRNA治疗的效果或者提高所采用的另一治疗法的治疗效果。这些组合物将以有效实现预期效果,例如杀死癌细胞和/或抑制细胞过度增殖的组合量提供。该过程可涉及细胞与miRNA或第二治疗法同时或不同时间接触。这可以如下实现:通过细胞与一种或一种以上组合物或包含一种或一种以上试剂的药物制剂接触,或者通过细胞与两种或两种以上不同组合物或制剂接触,其中一种组合物提供(1)miRNA;和/或(2)第二治疗剂。可以施用包括化学治疗、放射治疗、手术治疗、免疫治疗或基因治疗的第二组合物或方法。
应该考虑到可以在大约12-24小时内、并且优选地在大约6-12小时内向患者提供miRNA治疗和第二治疗法。然而,在一些情况下,希望明显延长治疗时间期限,时间期限为从几天(2、3、4、5、6或7)至几周(1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8)的分别施用间隔。
在某些实施方案中,疗程将持续1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90天或更长。应该考虑到,在第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89和/或90天或其任意组合,给于第一试剂,并且在第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89和/或90天或其任意组合,给于另一试剂。在一天内(24小时的时间内),可以向患者一次施用或者多次施用试剂。此外,应该考虑到在一个疗程之后有一个不进行治疗的时间段。该时间段可持续1、2、3、4、5、6、7天和/或1、2、3、4、5周和/或1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12月或更长,取决于患者状况,例如其预后、强度、健康等。
可采用多种组合,例如miRNA治疗法是“A”并且第二治疗法是“B”:
A/B/A B/A/B B/B/A A/A/B A/B/B B/A/A A/B/B/B B/A/B/B
B/B/B/A B/B/A/B A/A/B/B A/B/A/B A/B/B/A B/B/A/A
B/A/B/A B/A/A/B A/A/A/B B/A/A/A A/B/A/A A/A/B/A
任何本发明化合物或治疗基向患者的施用将遵循施用此类化合物的一般方案,如果存在的话,要考虑载体或任何蛋白质或其他试剂的毒性。因此,在一些实施方案中,存在检测归因于组合治疗的毒性的步骤。预计在需要时将重复治疗周期。也应该考虑到,多种标准治疗法以及手术介入可应用于与所述治疗法相组合。
在特定方面,应该考虑到第二治疗法,例如化学治疗、放射治疗、免疫治疗、手术治疗或其他基因治疗被用来与如本文所述的miRNA治疗相组合。
1.化学治疗
根据本发明可使用广泛多种的化学治疗剂。术语“化学治疗”指使用药物治疗癌症。“化学治疗剂”用于指在治疗癌症中施用的化合物或组合物。这些试剂或药物通过它们在细胞内的活性模式分类,例如它们是否或者在什么阶段影响细胞周期。备选地,试剂可基于其直接交联DNA、嵌入DNA或者通过影响核酸合成引起染色体和有丝分裂异常的能力来表征。大部分化学治疗剂归于下列几类:烷化剂、抗代谢药、抗肿瘤抗生素、有丝分裂抑制剂和亚硝基脲。
a.烷化剂
烷化剂是直接与基因组DNA相互作用以防止癌细胞增殖的药物。该类化学治疗药物代表着影响细胞周期所有阶段的试剂,即它们不是阶段特异性的。可应用烷化剂治疗慢性白血病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、霍奇金病、多发性骨髓瘤、和乳腺、肺和卵巢的特定癌症。它们包括:白消安、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、环磷酰胺(环磷氮芥)、达卡巴嗪、异环磷酰胺、氮芥(氮芥)和美法仑。曲格列酮可以用于与任何一个或一个以上的这些烷化剂相组合治疗癌症。
b.抗代谢药
抗代谢药破坏DNA和RNA合成。与烷化剂不同,它们特异性地影响细胞周期的S期。它们除了用于治疗乳腺、卵巢和胃肠道肿瘤之外,还已经用于治疗慢性白血病。抗代谢药包括5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)、氟达拉滨、吉西他滨和甲氨蝶呤。
5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)具有化学名5-氟-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮。其作用机制被认为是通过阻断脱氧尿苷酸至胸苷酸的甲基化反应。因此,5-FU干扰脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的合成并且较小程度地抑制核糖核酸(RNA)的形成。由于DNA和RNA是细胞分裂和增殖所必需的,据认为5-FU的效应是产生胸苷缺乏,导致细胞死亡。因此,5-FU的效应存在于快速分裂的细胞内,快速分裂是转移癌的特征。
c.抗肿瘤抗生素
抗肿瘤抗生素具有抗微生物活性和细胞毒性活性。这些药物也通过化学性抑制酶和有丝分裂或者改变细胞膜而干扰DNA。这些试剂不是阶段特异性的,以致于它们在细胞周期的所有阶段起作用。因此,它们广泛用于多种癌症。抗肿瘤抗生素实例包括博来霉素、更生霉素、柔红霉素、阿霉素(亚德里亚霉素)和伊达比星,其中一些在下文更详细描述。广泛用于肿瘤临床治疗环境的这些化合物以从25-75mg/m2的剂量21天的间隔静脉大丸剂注射阿霉素至35-100mg/m2静脉或口服依托泊苷施用。
d.有丝分裂抑制剂
有丝分裂抑制剂包括可以抑制细胞分裂或有丝分裂所需蛋白质合成的植物生物碱和其他天然试剂。它们在细胞周期的特定阶段起作用。有丝分裂抑制剂包括多西他塞、依托泊苷(VP16)、紫杉醇、红豆杉醇、多西他赛、长春碱、长春新碱和长春瑞滨。
e.亚硝基脲
像烷化剂一样,亚硝基脲抑制DNA修复蛋白。它们除了用于治疗脑肿瘤外,还用于治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性黑素瘤。实例包括卡氮芥和洛莫司汀。
2.放射治疗
放射治疗也称作辐射治疗,是用电离辐射治疗癌症和其他疾病。电离辐射储存能量,通过损伤遗传物质使得这些细胞不能够继续生长,以损伤或破坏所治疗区域的细胞。虽然辐射损伤癌细胞和正常细胞,但是正常细胞能够自我修复并正确地起作用。放射治疗可用于治疗局限性实体肿瘤,例如皮肤、舌、喉、脑、乳腺或宫颈癌症。其还可用于治疗白血病和淋巴瘤(分别是血液形成细胞和淋巴系统癌症)。
根据本发明使用的放射治疗可包括,但不限于,使用γ-射线、X-射线和/或向肿瘤细胞直接递送放射性同位素。也考虑其他形式的DNA损伤因素,例如微波、质子束照射(美国专利5,760,395和4,870,287)和UV-照射。最有可能所有这些因素对DNA、DNA前体、DNA复制和修复以及染色体的组装和维持造成广泛损伤。对于X-射线的剂量范围从长时间段的每日50至200伦琴的剂量(3至4周),至2000至6000伦琴的单次剂量。放射性同位素的剂量范围变化极大,并且依赖于同位素的半衰期、所释放放射线的强度和类型以及被肿瘤细胞的摄取。放射治疗可包括使用放射标记的抗体以直接向癌症部位递送剂量辐射(放射免疫治疗)。一旦抗体被注射入体内,其积极地搜寻出癌细胞,通过辐射的细胞杀伤(细胞毒性)作用摧毁癌细胞。该方法可使辐射损伤健康细胞的危险降到最低。
对于脑和其他肿瘤的立体定位放射手术(γ刀)不使用刀,而是来自γ放射治疗的数百个不同角的极精确靶向束。仅需要一期放射治疗,大约4至5小时。为了该种治疗,将特制金属框附在头上。然后,开展几次x-射线扫描以找到需要治疗的精确区域。在脑肿瘤的放射治疗期间,患者躺卧,其头位于巨大头盔中,头盔具有数百个孔允许放射治疗束穿过。相关方法允许定位身体其他区域的肿瘤以便治疗。
3.免疫治疗
在癌症治疗的情况下,免疫治疗通常依赖于使用免疫效应细胞和分子以靶向和摧毁癌细胞。曲妥珠单抗(赫赛汀TM)即为此类实例。免疫效应器可以是例如对肿瘤细胞表面的一些标记特异的抗体。抗体可以单独充当治疗的效应器或者其可以招募其他细胞实际行使细胞杀伤。抗体也可以缀合至药物或毒素(化学治疗剂、放射性核素、蓖麻毒蛋白A链、霍乱毒素、百日咳毒素等)并且仅充当靶向剂。备选地,效应器可以是携带有直接或间接与肿瘤细胞靶相互作用的表面分子的淋巴细胞。多种效应器细胞包括细胞毒性T细胞和NK细胞。治疗方式的组合,即直接的细胞毒性活性和抑制或降低ErbB2将会在ErbB2过表达的癌症治疗中提供治疗益处。
在免疫治疗的一个方面,肿瘤或疾病细胞必须带有适宜靶向,即在大多数细胞上不存在的一些标记。存在许多肿瘤标记并且任何这些肿瘤标记在本发明中适宜靶向。共有的肿瘤标记包括癌胚抗原、前列腺特异性抗原、泌尿肿瘤相关的抗原、胎儿抗原、酪氨酸酶(p97)、gp68、TAG-72、HMFG、唾液酸Lewis抗原、MucA、MucB、PLAP、雌激素受体、层粘连蛋白受体、erb B和p155。免疫治疗的一个备选方面是组合抗癌效果与免疫刺激效果。也存在免疫刺激分子,包括:细胞因子例如IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、GM-CSF、γ-IFN、趋化因子例如MIP-1、MCP-1、IL-8和生长因子例如FLT3配体。免疫刺激分子,或者作为蛋白质或者用于基因递送,与肿瘤抑制物例如MDA-7的组合已经显示出增强抗肿瘤效果(Ju等,2000)。此外,抗任何这些化合物的抗体可用于本文所述抗癌试剂的靶向。
当前研究中的或者使用中的免疫治疗剂实例为免疫佐剂,例如牛分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium bovis)、恶性疟原虫(Plasmodium falciparum)、二硝基氯苯和芳香族化合物(美国专利5,801,005和5,739,169;Hui和Hashimoto,1998;Christodoulides等,1998)、细胞因子治疗剂例如干扰素α、干扰素β和干扰素γ、IL-1、GM-CSF和TNF(Bukowski等,1998;Davidson等,1998;Hellstrand等,1998)基因治疗剂例如TNF、IL-1、IL-2、p53(Qin等,1998;Austin-Ward和Villaseca,1998;美国专利5,830,880和5,846,945)以及单克隆抗体,例如抗神经节苷脂GM2抗体、抗HER-2抗体、抗p185抗体;Pietras等,1998;Hanibuchi等,1998;美国专利5,824,311)。赫赛汀(曲妥珠单抗)是阻断HER2-neu受体的嵌合(小鼠-人)单克隆抗体。其拥有抗肿瘤活性并且批准用于恶性肿瘤的治疗(Dillman,1999)。非限定性的几种已知抗癌免疫治疗剂及其靶名单包括(以通用名称(靶标)形式列出)西妥昔单抗(EGFR)、帕尼单抗(EGFR)、曲妥珠单抗(erbB2受体)、贝伐单抗(VEGF)、阿仑单抗(CD52)、吉妥单抗奥唑米星(CD33)、利妥昔单抗(CD20)、托西莫单抗(CD20)、马妥珠单抗(EGFR)、替伊莫单抗(CD20)、托西莫单抗(CD20)、HuPAM4(MUC1)、MORAb-009(间皮素)、G250(碳酸酐酶IX)、mAb 8H9(8H9抗原)、M195(CD33)、Ipilimumab(CTLA4)、HuLuc63(CS1)、阿仑单抗(CD53)、依帕珠单抗(CD22)、BC8(CD45)、HuJ591(前列腺特异性膜抗原)、hA20(CD20)、来沙木单抗(TRAIL受体-2)、帕妥珠单抗(HER-2受体)、Mik-β-1(IL-2R)、RAV12(RAAG12)、SGN-30(CD30)、AME-133v(CD20)、HeFi-1(CD30)、BMS-663513(CD137)、Volociximab(抗α5β1整联蛋白)、GC1008(TGFβ)、HCD122(CD40)、希普利珠单抗(CD2)、MORAb-003(叶酸受体α)、CNTO328(IL-6)、MDX-060(CD30)、Ofatumumab(CD20)和/或SGN-33(CD33)。应该考虑到一个或一个以上这些治疗剂可以与本文所述miRNA治疗剂一起使用。
存在诸多用于癌症被动免疫治疗的不同方法。它们大概分成如下几类:抗体单独注射;偶联至毒素或化学治疗剂的抗体的注射;偶联至放射性同位素的抗体的注射;抗独特型抗体的注射;和骨髓中肿瘤细胞的清除。
4.基因治疗
仍然在另一个实施方案中,组合治疗包括基因治疗,其中治疗性多核苷酸在一个或一个以上治疗miRNA施用之前、之后或同时施用。治疗性多肽或者编码核酸与miRNA组合递送可对靶组织具有组合的治疗效果。本发明包含多种蛋白质,其中一些在下文描述。可以与本发明组合用于多种形式基因治疗靶向的多种基因包括,但不限于细胞增殖诱导物、细胞增殖抑制剂、程序性细胞死亡调节物、细胞因子和其他治疗核酸或者编码治疗蛋白质的核酸。
肿瘤抑制物癌基因的作用是抑制细胞过度增殖。这些基因的失活破坏了其抑制活性,导致增殖不受调节。肿瘤抑制物(例如治疗多肽)p53、FHIT、p16和C-CAM可以采用。
除了p53之外,另一个细胞增殖抑制剂是p16。真核细胞周期的多数转换由细胞周期蛋白-依赖性激酶或CDK激发。细胞周期蛋白-依赖性激酶4(CDK4)是一种CDK,其调节通过G1。该酶的活性可以在晚G1期磷酸化Rb。CDK4的活性通过激活亚基D型细胞周期蛋白和通过抑制亚基p16INK4控制,p16INK4已经被表征为特异性结合并抑制CDK4并且因此可以调节Rb磷酸化的蛋白质(Serrano等,1993;Serrano等,1995)。由于p16INK4蛋白质是CDK4抑制剂(Serrano,1993),该基因的缺失可以增加CDK4的活性,导致Rb蛋白质的过度磷酸化。还已知p16调节CDK6的功能。
p16INK4属于新近描述的一类CDK-抑制蛋白,该类蛋白还包括p16B、p19、p21WAF1和p27KIP1。p16INK4基因位于9p21,该区是许多肿瘤类型中频繁缺失的染色体区域。p16INK4基因的纯合缺失和突变在人肿瘤细胞系中常见。该证据表明p16INK4基因是肿瘤抑制基因。然而,该解释受到如下观察结果的挑战,即在原代未培养的肿瘤中p16INK4基因改变的频率远远低于培养的细胞系中(Caldas等,1994;Cheng等,1994;Hussussian等,1994;Kamb等,1994;Mori等,1994;Okamoto等,1994;Nobori等,1995;Orlow等,1994;Arap等,1995)。通过转染质粒表达载体对野生型p16INK4功能的恢复降低了一些人癌症细胞系的集落形成(Okamoto,1994;Arap,1995)。
根据本发明可以使用的其他基因包括Rb、APC、DCC、NF-1、NF-2、WT-1、MEN-I、MEN-II、zac1、p73、VHL、MMAC1/PTEN、DBCCR-1、FCC、rsk-3、p27、p27/p16融合基因、p21/p27融合基因、抗血栓基因(例如COX-1、TFPI)、PGS、Dp、E2F、ras、myc、neu、raf、erb、fms、trk、ret、gsp、hst、abl、E1A、p300、血管发生中涉及的基因(例如VEGF、FGF、血小板反应蛋白、BAI-1、GDAIF或它们的受体)和MCC。
5.外科手术
大约60%的癌症患者将经历一些类型的外科手术,其包括预防性手术、诊断性或分期手术、治疗性手术和姑息性手术。治疗性手术是可以与其他治疗法,如本发明治疗法、化学治疗法、放射治疗法、激素治疗法、基因治疗法、免疫治疗法和/或备选治疗法联合的癌症治疗。
治疗性手术包括切除术,其中物理性去除、切除和/或破坏全部或部分癌组织。肿瘤切除术指物理性去除至少部分肿瘤。除了肿瘤切除术之外,外科手术治疗还包括激光外科手术、冷冻外科手术、电外科手术和显微控制手术(Mohs外科手术)。还进一步应该考虑到,本发明可用于与浅表癌、前期癌或附带量的正常组织去除联合。
在切除部分或全部癌细胞、组织或肿瘤时,会在身体内形成空洞。可通过灌注、直接注射或区域局部应用另外的抗癌治疗实现治疗。此类治疗可以重复,例如每1、2、3、4、5、6或7天、或每1、2、3、4和5周或者每1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个月。这些治疗同样可以改变剂量。
6.其他试剂
应该考虑到其他试剂可用于与本发明相组合以改善治疗的治疗性效果。这些额外的试剂包括免疫调节剂、上调细胞表面受体和缝隙连接的试剂、细胞抑制剂和分化试剂、细胞黏着抑制剂、提高高增生性细胞对细胞凋亡诱导剂敏感性的试剂或其他生物学试剂。免疫调节剂包括肿瘤坏死因子;干扰素α,β和γ;IL-2和其他细胞因子;F42K和其他细胞因子类似物;或者MIP-1,MIP-1β,MCP-1,RANTES,和其他趋化因子。还应该考虑到,细胞表面受体或其配体,如Fas/Fas配体、DR4或DR5/TRAIL(Apo-2配体)的上调通过确立对高增生性细胞的自分泌或旁分泌效应将使本发明具有诱导细胞凋亡的能力。通过提高缝隙连接数增加细胞间信号传导将增加对临近高增生性细胞群体的抗高增生性作用。在其他实施方案中,细胞抑制剂或分化试剂可用于与本发明相组合以改善治疗的抗高增生效果。考虑的了细胞黏着抑制剂以改善本发明的有效性。细胞黏着抑制剂实例是黏着斑激酶(FAK)抑制剂和洛伐他汀。还应该考虑到,增加高增生性细胞对细胞凋亡敏感性的其他试剂,例如抗体c225,可用于与本发明相组合以改善治疗有效性。
Apo2配体(Apo2L,也称作TRAIL)是肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)细胞因子家族成员。TRAIL在许多类型癌细胞中激活快速的细胞凋亡,然而对正常细胞不具有毒性。TRAIL mRNA广泛存在于多种组织中。大多数正常细胞表现出对TRAIL的细胞毒性作用具有抵抗,表明存在保护细胞不被TRAIL诱导细胞凋亡的机制。描述的TRAIL的第一个受体称作死亡受体4(DR4),包含胞质“死亡结构域”;DR4传递由TRAIL携带的细胞凋亡信号。已经鉴定出结合TRAIL的额外的受体。一个受体称作DR5,包含胞质死亡结构域并且与DR4非常相似传递细胞凋亡信号。DR4和DR5 mRNA在多种正常组织和肿瘤细胞系中表达。最近,已经鉴定出诱杀受体例如DcR1和DcR2,其阻止TRAIL通过DR4和DR5诱导细胞凋亡。因此,这些诱杀受体代表着直接在细胞表面调节对促细胞凋亡细胞因子敏感性的新机制。这些抑制性受体在正常组织内的优先表达表明,TRAIL可以用作诱导癌细胞细胞凋亡的同时保护正常细胞的抗癌剂(Marsters等,1999)。
在引入细胞毒性化学治疗药物之后开展癌症治疗中存在许多进步。然而,化学治疗的后果之一是药物抗性表型的产生/获得和多药耐药的产生。药物抗性的产生仍然是此类肿瘤治疗的主要障碍,并且因此明显需要替代方法,例如基因治疗。
用于与化学治疗、放射治疗或生物治疗联合的另一种形式的治疗包括过热治疗,其为将患者组织暴露于高温(一直到106°F)下的方法。外部或内部加热装置可用于局部、区域或全身过热治疗应用中。局部过热治疗包括向小的区域例如肿瘤应用热治疗。加热可以用来自体外设备的靶向肿瘤的高频波在外部产生。内部加热可涉及无菌探针,包括细的经加热的导线或者充满热水的中空管、植入的微波天线或射频电极。
对于区域治疗,将患者器官或者肢体加热,这使用产生高能量的装置如磁体实现。备选地,患者的一些血液被取出,并且在灌注入将被内部加热的区域之前加热。在癌症扩散至全身的情况下,也可以进行全身加热。热水毯、热蜡、感应线圈和热室可用于此目的。
激素治疗也可以用于与本发明联合,或者与先前所述的其他癌症治疗相组合。激素可用于治疗某些癌症,例如乳腺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌或宫颈癌,以降低某些激素的水平或者阻断某些激素的效应,例如睾酮或雌激素。该种治疗常常用于与至少一种其他癌症治疗向组合作为一种治疗选择或者降低转移风险。
于2006年2月8日提出的、要求2005年2月8日所提出美国临时申请序列号60/650,807的优先权的美国申请序列号11/349,727在此通过参考全部并入本申请。
III.miRNA分子
关于小RNA分子(“miRNA”)虽然已经有19个核苷酸和一直到23个核苷酸长度的报道,但是其长度通常为21至22个核苷酸。miRNA各自从更长的前体RNA分子(“前体miRNA”)加工而来。前体miRNA从非蛋白质编码基因转录而来。前体miRNA具有两个互补区域,使得其能够形成茎-环样结构或者折回样结构,该结构在动物中由称作切酶的核糖核酸酶III样核酸酶切开。所加工的miRNA有代表性地是部分茎。
所加工miRNA(也被称为“成熟miRNA”)变成大复合体的一部分以下调特定靶基因或其基因产物。动物miRNA实例包括与靶不完全碱基配对的那些,其使翻译停止(Olsen等,1999;Seggerson等,2002)。siRNA分子也是由切酶加工,但是是从长的双链RNA分子加工而来。siRNA非天然存在于动物细胞中,但是它可以通过RNA诱导的沉默复合体(RISC)指导mRNA靶的序列特异性切割(Denli等,2003)。
A.阵列制备
本发明某些实施方案涉及mRNA或核酸阵列、miRNA或核酸阵列和/或miRNA或核酸探针阵列的制备和用途,其是核酸分子(探针)的巨阵列或微阵列,所述核酸分子(探针)与衍生自由miR-20miRNA所调节多种基因和基因途径的多个核酸、mRNA或miRNA分子、前体miRNA分子或核酸具有完全或几乎完全的互补性(在探针的整个长度上)或同源性(在探针的整个长度上),并且以空间分开的组织结构置于支持物或支持材料上。巨阵列有代表性地是其上已经点有探针的硝酸纤维素或尼龙板。微阵列更紧密地放置核酸探针,以致于在典型的1-4平方厘米的区域内可以固定至多10,000种核酸分子。微阵列可以通过将核酸分子例如基因、寡核苷酸等点在基质上或者通过在基质上原位构建寡核苷酸序列来制造。所点的或者所构建的核酸分子可以以每平方厘米至多大约30种非相同核酸分子的高密度基质模式或者更高密度的基质模式,例如每平方厘米至多大约100或者甚至1000种的基质模式应用。与滤膜阵列的基于硝酸纤维素的材料不同,微阵列有代表性地使用包被玻璃作为固体支持物。因具有标记RNA和/或miRNA-互补核酸样品的有序阵列,每一样品的位置可以被追踪并且可以与原始样品联系起来。
在其中多个不同核酸探针稳定结合在固体支持物表面多种不同的阵列装置是本领域技术人员已知的。对于阵列有用的基质包括尼龙、玻璃、金属、塑料、乳胶和硅。此类阵列可以多种不同方式变化,包括平均探针长度、探针序列或类型、探针和阵列表面结合的性质,例如共价或非共价等。在对于除了探针之外的任何参数的有效性上,本发明的标记和筛选方法和阵列不限于检测miRNA或基因或者代表基因的核酸;因此,方法和组合物可以用于多种不同类型的核酸阵列。
用于制备微阵列的代表性方法和仪器已经描述于例如美国专利5,143,854、5,202,231、5,242,974、5,288,644、5,324,633、5,384,261、5,405,783、5,412,087、5,424,186、5,429,807、5,432,049、5,436,327、5,445,934、5,468,613、5,470,710、5,472,672、5,492,806、5,525,464、5,503,980、5,510,270、5,525,464、5,527,681、5,529,756、5,532,128、5,545,531、5,547,839、5,554,501、5,556,752、5,561,071、5,571,639、5,580,726、5,580,732、5,593,839、5,599,695、5,599,672、5,610;287、5,624,711、5,631,134、5,639,603、5,654,413、5,658,734、5,661,028、5,665,547、5,667,972、5,695,940、5,700,637、5,744,305、5,800,992、5,807,522、5,830,645、5,837,196、5,871,928、5,847,219、5,876,932、5,919,626、6,004,755、6,087,102、6,368,799、6,383,749、6,617,112、6,638,717、6,720,138,以及WO 93/17126、WO 95/11995、WO 95/21265、WO 95/21944、WO 95/35505、WO 96/31622、WO97/10365、WO 97/27317、WO 99/35505、WO 09923256、WO 09936760、WO0138580、WO 0168255、WO 03020898、WO 03040410、WO 03053586、WO03087297、WO 03091426、WO03100012、WO 04020085、WO 04027093、EP 373203、EP 785280、EP 799897和UK 8803000中;其公开全部通过参考并入本文。
应该考虑到阵列可以是高密度阵列,抑制它们包含2、20、25、50、80、100或更多种不同探针。应该考虑到它们可以包含1000、16,000、65,000、250,000或1,000,000或更多种不同探针。探针可以指向一个或一个以上不同生物体或者细胞类型中的mRNA和/或miRNA靶。在一些实施方案中,寡核苷酸探针长度范围从5至50、5至45、10至40、9至34或10至40个核苷酸。在某些实施方案中,寡核苷酸探针长度为5、10、15、20至20、25、30、35、40个核苷酸,包括它们之间的所有整数和范围。
通常已知阵列中每一不同探针序列的位置和序列。然而,大数量的不同探针可以占用相对小的面积,提供了高密度阵列,其具有通常大于每平方厘米60、100、600、1000、5,000、10,000、40,000、100,000或400,000种不同寡核苷酸探针的探针密度。阵列的表面积可以是大约或者小于大约1、1.6、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10cm2。
然而,本领域普通技术人员可以容易地分析使用阵列产生的数据。此类方法描述于上文并且包括在WO 9743450、WO 03023058、WO 03022421、WO03029485、WO 03067217、WO 03066906、WO 03076928、WO 03093810、WO03100448A1中找到的信息,所有这些明确地通过参考并入本文。
B.样品制备
应该考虑到广泛多种样品的RNA和/或miRNA可以使用本发明的阵列、探针索引(index of probe)或阵列技术分析。虽然应该考虑到内源miRNA与本发明组合物和方法,重组一起使用,但是miRNA,包括与内源miRNA或前体miRNA互补或相同的核酸也可以如本文所述处理和分析。样品可以是生物学样品,在此情况下,它们可以来自活组织检查、细针抽取物、表皮脱落物、血液、组织、器官、精液、唾液、眼泪、其他体液、毛囊、皮肤或包含生物细胞,特别是癌细胞或高增生性细胞或由其组成的任何样品。在某些实施方案中,样品可以是,但不限于,活组织检查或从活组织检查或其他体液或组织纯化或富集一定程度的细胞。备选地,样品可以不是生物学样品,而是化学混合物,例如无细胞的反应混合物(其可以包含一种或一种以上的生物酶)。
C.杂交
当制备阵列或一组探针和/或标记样品中的核酸或探针之后,靶核酸群体在杂交条件下与阵列或探针接触,其中此种条件可以按所期望那样调整,以针对待开展的特定分析提供最佳特异性水平。适宜杂交条件是本领域技术人员众所周知的综述于Sambrook等(2001)和WO 95/21944中。在许多实施方案中特别感兴趣的是在杂交过程中使用严格条件。严格条件是本领域技术人员已知的。
特别考虑的是单个阵列或探针组可以与多个样品接触。样品可以用不同的标记物标记以区别样品。例如,单个阵列可以与用Cy3标记的肿瘤组织样品和用Cy5标记的正常组织样品接触。对于样品中对应于阵列上探针的特定miRNA之间的差异可以容易地确定和定量。
小的阵列表面积使得杂交条件一致,例如温度调节和盐含量。此外,由于高密度阵列占用的面积小,杂交可以在非常小的流体体积(例如大约250μl或更少,包括大约或少于大约5、10、25、50、60、70、80、90、100μl的体积或从其中导出的任何范围)中开展。在小的体积中,杂交可以非常快速地进行。
D.差异表达分析
本发明的阵列可以用于检测两个样品之间的差异。特别考虑的应用包括鉴定和/或定量正常样品与非正常样品之间、疾病或状况与未表现出此种疾病或状况的细胞之间、或者两个不同处理样品之间的miRNA或基因表达差异。同样,可以比较据信易患特定疾病或状况的样品与据信不易患或者抵抗该疾病或状况的样品之间的miRNA或基因表达。非正常的样品是表现出疾病或状况表型或遗传型性状的样品或者据信就该疾病或状况而言为非正常的样品。其可以与就该疾病或状况而言为正常的细胞比较。表型性状包括疾病或状况的症状或易感性,其中一项是、或者可以是、或者可以不是遗传的或者由一个或多个高增生性或肿瘤细胞引起。
阵列包含带有连接至支持物上的核酸探针的固体支持物。阵列有代表性地包含多种不同的核酸探针,其以不同的、已知的位置偶联至基质表面。这些阵列,也描述为“微阵列”或通俗语“芯片”,也已经在本领域中广泛描述,例如美国专利5,143,854、5,445,934、5,744,305、5,677,195、6,040,193、5,424,186和Fodor等(1991),为了所有目的其中每一篇文献的全文通过参考并入本文。使用机械合成方法合成这些阵列的技术描述于,例如美国专利5,384,261,为了所有目的其全文通过参考并入本文。虽然在某些方面使用平面阵列表面,阵列可以在实际上任何形状的表面或者甚至复杂表面上制造。阵列可以是珠、凝胶、多聚体表面、纤维如光纤、玻璃或任何其他适宜基质上的核酸,见美国专利5,770,358、5,789,162、5,708,153、6,040,193和5,800,992,为了所有目的其全文通过参考并入本文。阵列可如此方式包装,以便于诊断和所有内含装置的其他操作,见例如美国专利5,856,174和5,922,591,为了所有目的其全文通过参考并入本文。对于阵列、其制造和其特性有关的额外信息,还可见于2000年4月7日提出的美国专利申请序列号09/545,207,为了所有目的其全文通过参考并入本文。
特别地,阵列可以用于评估样品的病理状况,例如癌症和相关状况。特别考虑的是,本发明可以用于评估疾病各期或亚分类之间的差异,例如良性、癌性和转移组织或肿瘤之间。
待评估的表型性状包括特征,例如寿命、发病率、期望存活率、对特定药物或治疗性治疗的易感性或感受性(药物有效性)和药物毒性危险。其表型性状不同的样品也可以使用所述的组合物和方法评估。
在某些实施方案中,可产生miRNA和/或表达谱,以评估并将这些表达谱与药代动力学或治疗关联。例如,可以产生并评估患者被治疗前的或者治疗过程当中的患者肿瘤和血液样品的这些表达谱,以确定是否存在其表达与患者治疗结果关联的miRNA或基因。差异miRNA或基因的鉴定可用于诊断分析,以评定肿瘤和/或血液样品以确定将向患者提供什么样的药物方案。此外,其可以用于鉴定或者选择适宜特定临床试验的患者。如果经确定表达谱与药物有效性或药物毒性相关,则该表达谱与患者是否是接受药物、接受药物组合或者药物特定剂量的适宜患者相关。
除了上述预后分析之外,来自患有多种疾病的患者的样品可评估以确定不同的疾病是否可以基于miRNA和/或相关基因表达水平鉴定。可以基于谱进行诊断分析,医生可以使用该谱鉴定患有疾病的个体或者鉴定谁处于发展成疾病的危险之中。备选地,可以基于miRNA谱分析设计治疗方案。此类方法和组合物的实例描述于2005年5月23日提出的、题目为“包括miRNA和miRNA抑制剂分子的方法和组合物”的美国临时专利申请中,其全文通过参考并入本文。
E.其他分析法
除了使用阵列和微阵列之外,应该考虑到许多不同的分析法可用于分析miRNA或相关基因、它们的活性和它们的作用。此类分析法包括,但不限于,核酸扩增、聚合酶链反应、定量PCR、RT-PCR、原位杂交、Northern杂交、杂交保护分析法(HPA)(GenProbe)、分支DNA(bDNA)分析法(Chiron)、滚环扩增(RCA)、单分子杂交检测(US Genomics)、侵染检测(ThirdWave Technologies)和/或Bridge Litigation分析法(Genaco)。
IV.核酸
本发明涉及可标记、用于阵列分析或者用于诊断、治疗或预后应用中的核酸、修饰或模拟核酸、miRNA、mRNA、基因和其代表性片段,特别是与病理状况如癌症相关的那些。分子可以是细胞内源产生的或者是化学或重组合成的或产生的。它们可以是分离的和/或纯化的。每一miRNA在本文描述并且包括这些miRNA序列相应的序列标识号SEQ ID NO和登录号。miRNA名称常以无“hsa-”前缀的形式缩写或提到,并且将依赖于上下文语境作如此理解。除非另外指出,在本申请中miRNA指鉴定为miR-X或let-X的人序列,其中X是数字和/或字母。
在某些方面,可以使用通过后缀“5P”或“3P”指定的miRNA探针。如在万维网sanger.ac.uk上描述的那样,“5P”指成熟miRNA衍生自前体的5’端,并且对应的“3P”指其衍生自前体的3’端,如在万维网sanger.ac.uk所述。此外,在一些实施方案中,使用了与已知人miRNA不对应的miRNA探针。应该考虑到这些非人miRNA探针可以用于本发明实施方案中或者存在与非人miRNA同源的人miRNA。在其他实施方案中,可以采用任何哺乳动物细胞、生物学样品或其制备物。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,包含miRNA的方法和组合物可以涉及miRNA、标记物(mRNA)和/或其他核酸。核酸长度可以是、是至少或是至多3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100、101、102、103、104、105、106、107、108、109、110、120、130、140、150、160、170、180、190、200、210、220、230、240、250、260、270、280、290、300、310、320、330、340、350、360、370、380、390、400、410、420、430、440、450、460、470、480、490、500、510、520、530、540、550、560、570、580、590、600、610、620、630、640、650、660、670、680、690、700、710、720、730、740、750、760、770、780、790、800、810、820、830、840、850、860、870、880、890、900、910、920、930、940、950、960、970、980、990、或1000个核苷酸或从其中导出的任何范围。此长度涵盖了加工miRNA、miRNA探针、前体miRNA、包含miRNA的载体、mRNA、mRNA探针、对照核酸和其他探针和引物的长度。
在许多实施方案中,miRNA长度为19-24个核苷酸,而miRNA探针长度为19-35个核苷酸,这取决于加工miRNA和所加入的任何侧翼区域的长度。在人中,miRNA前体通常在62和110个核苷酸之间。
本发明核酸可以具有与另一核酸相同或互补的区域。应该考虑到互补性或同源性同源性区域可以是至少5个连续残基,可是特别考虑的是该区域是、是至少或是至多6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100、110、120、130、140、150、160、170、180、190、200、210、220、230、240、250、260、270、280、290、300、310、320、330、340、350、360、370、380、390、400、410、420、430、440、441、450、460、470、480、490、500、510、520、530、540、550、560、570、580、590、600、610、620、630、640、650、660、670、680、690、700、710、720、730、740、750、760、770、780、790、800、810、820、830、840、850、860、870、880、890、900、910、920、930、940、950、960、970、980、990、或1000个连续核苷酸。应当进一步理解的是,前体miRNA或其他核酸内的互补性长度或者miRNA探针与miRNA或miRNA基因之间的互补性长度是如此长度。而且,互补性可以表示为百分数,意思是在整个探针长度上探针与其靶之间的互补性是90%或者更高。在一些实施方案中,互补性是或者是至少90%、95%或100%。具体而言,如此长度可以适用于包含本文所述任何序列标识号、登录号或本文所公开的任何其他序列所确定核酸序列的核酸。有代表性地,提供miRNA的通用名称(在前缀中带有其鉴定来源,例如,对于人序列为“hsa”)和加工miRNA序列。除非另外指出,不带前缀的miRNA将理解为指人miRNA。此外,miRNA名称中的小写字母可以小写也可以不小写;例如,hsa-mir-130b也可以被称为miR-130B。术语“miRNA探针”指可鉴定特定miRNA或结构相关miRNA的核酸探针。
应当理解,一些核酸衍生自基因组序列或基因。在该方面,对于特定miRNA或基因,术语“基因”为简单起见用于指编码前体核酸或miRNA的基因组序列。然而,本发明实施方案可以包含在其表达中涉及的miRNA基因组序列,例如启动子或其他调节序列。
术语“重组体”可以使用,并且该术语通常指已被体外操作的分子或者此种分子的复制或表达产物。
术语“核酸”是本领域众所周知的。如本文所使用,“核酸”通常指DNA、RNA分子(一个或一个以上的链)或包含核碱基的其衍生物或类似物。核碱基包括,例如在DNA(例如腺嘌呤“A”、鸟嘌呤“G”、胸腺嘧啶“T”或胞嘧啶“C”)或RNA(例如A、G、尿嘧啶“U”或C)中天然存在的嘌呤或嘧啶碱基。术语“核酸”包含术语“寡核苷酸”和“多核苷酸”,术语“寡核苷酸”和“多核苷酸”每一个都是术语“核酸”的亚属。
术语“miRNA”通常指单链分子,但是在特别的实施方案中,在本发明中应用的分子还将包含一个与同一单链分子的另一个区域或者另一个核酸部分互补(在整个链长度上具有10和50%之间的互补性)、基本互补(在整个链长度上具有大于50%但小于100%的互补性)或完全互补的区域或额外链。因此,miRNA可包含含有特定序列的一个或一个以上互补链或自身互补链或“互补物”的分子。例如,前体miRNA可具有自身互补区域,其一直到100%的补体性。本发明的miRNA探针或核酸与其靶的互补性可以包括、可以是、可以是至少60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、96、97、98、99或100%互补性。
应当理解,本发明的“合成核酸”意思是指核酸不具有天然存在核酸的全部或部分化学结构或序列。因此,应当理解的是,术语“合成miRNA”指在细胞中或者在生理条件下作为天然存在miRNA起作用的“合成核酸”。
虽然本发明实施方案可包括合成miRNA或合成核酸,但是在本发明的一些实施方案中,核酸分子无需是“合成”的。在某些实施方案中,在本发明方法和组合物中采用的非合成核酸或miRNA可以具有天然存在mRNA或miRNA前体或成熟mRNA或miRNA的全部序列和结构。例如,在本发明方法和组合物中使用的非合成miRNA可以不具有一个或一个以上修饰核苷酸或核苷酸类似物。在这些实施方案中,非合成miRNA可以是或可以不是重组产生的。在特定实施方案中,在本发明方法和/或组合物中的核酸特别是合成miRNA,而不是非合成miRNA(即不是“合成”的miRNA);可以在其他实施方案中,本发明特别包含非合成miRNA,而不包含合成miRNA。就合成miRNA的使用而言讨论的任何实施方案可以适用于非合成miRNA,反之亦然。
应当理解的是,术语“天然存在”指在没有任何人介入的有机体中存在的事物;它可以指天然存在的野生型或突变体分子。在一些实施方案中,合成miRNA分子不具有天然存在miRNA分子的序列。在其他实施方案中,合成miRNA分子可以具有天然存在miRNA分子的序列,但是分子的化学结构,特别是与精确序列特别不相关的部分中的化学结构(非序列化学结构)不同于具有该序列的天然存在miRNA分子的化学结构。在一些情况下,合成miRNA具有序列化学结构和天然存在miRNA中不存在的非序列化学结构。然而,合成分子的序列能鉴别哪一个miRNA将被有效提供或被抑制;内源miRNA被称为“对应miRNA”。可以在本发明情况下使用的相应miRNA序列包括,但不限于,全部或部分的本文所提供序列标识号中那些序列以及任何其他miRNA序列、miRNA前体序列或其任何互补序列。在一些实施方案中,序列是、或衍生自、或包含本文所鉴定靶向特定miRNA(或一组miRNA)的序列的全部或部分,所述特定miRNA(或一组miRNA)可以与序列一起使用。可以选择任意1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、110、120、130、140、150、160、170、180、190、200、210、220、230、240、250、260种或它们之间任意数量或范围的序列,而排除所有非选择序列。
如本文所使用,“杂交作用”、“杂交”或“能够杂交”理解为意思是指形成双链或三链分子或者具有部分双链或三链性质的分子。如本文所使用的术语“退火”是“杂交”的同义词。术语“杂交作用”、“杂交”或“能够杂交”包括术语“严格条件”或“高严格性”和术语“低严格性”或“低严格条件”。
如本文所使用的“严格条件”或“高严格性”是允许包含互补序列的一个或一个以上核酸链之间或之内杂交但排除随机序列杂交的那些条件。严格条件允许核酸与靶链之间有少量错配,如果存在的话。此类条件是本领域普通技术人员众所周知的,并且对于需要高选择性的应用是优选的。非限定性的应用包括分离核酸,例如基因或其核酸片段或者检测至少一个特异性mRNA转录物或其核酸片段,等等。
严格条件可以包括低盐和/或高温度条件,例如在大约42℃至大约70℃温度下大约0.02M至大约0.5M NaCl所提供的条件。应当理解,预期严格性的温度和离子强度部分地通过特定核酸的长度、靶序列的长度和核碱基内容、核酸的电荷组成以及杂交混合物中甲酰胺、四甲基氯化铵或其他溶剂的存在或浓度决定。
还应当理解,对于杂交的这些范围、组成和条件仅仅是以非限定性实例的方式描述,并且对于特定杂交反应的预期严格性常常通过比较一个或一个以上阳性或阴性对照经验性确定。取决于所拟想的应用,优选采用变化的杂交条件以实现核酸对靶序列的不同程度的选择性。在非限定性实例中,对在严格条件下不与核酸杂交的相关靶核酸的鉴定可以通过在低温度和/或高离子强度下杂交完成。此类条件称作“低严格性”或“低严格条件”,并且低严格性的非限定性实例包括在大约20℃至大约50℃的温度范围内在大约0.15M至大约0.9M NaCl情况下进行杂交。当然,进一步修改低或高严格条件以适合特定应用处于本领域技术人员的能力范围内。
A.核碱基、核苷、核苷酸和修饰核苷酸
如本文所使用的“核碱基”指杂环碱基,例如诸如在至少一种天然存在核酸(即DNA和RNA)中存在的天然存在核碱基(即A、T、G、C或U),和此类核碱基的天然或非天然存在衍生物和类似物。核碱基通常可以与至少一个天然存在核碱基以这样一种方式形成一个或一个以上氢键(“退火”或“杂交”),即其可以代替天然存在的核碱基配对(例如A和T、G和C以及A和U之间的氢键)。
“嘌呤”和/或“嘧啶”核碱基包含天然存在嘌呤和/或嘧啶核碱基以及其衍生物和类似物,包括但不限于,嘌呤或嘧啶被一个或一个以上烷基、羧烷基、氨基、羟基、卤素(即氟、氯、溴或碘)、巯基或烷硫基部分取代的那些。优选的烷基(例如烷基、羧烷基等)部分包含大约1、大约2、大约3、大约4、大约5、至大约6个碳原子。嘌呤或嘧啶的其他非限定性实例包括脱氮嘌呤、2,6-二氨基嘌呤、5-氟尿嘧啶、黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、8-溴鸟嘌呤、8-氯鸟嘌呤、溴胸腺嘧啶、8-氨基鸟嘌呤、8-羟基鸟嘌呤、8-甲基鸟嘌呤、8-硫鸟嘌呤、氮鸟嘌呤、2-氨基嘌呤、5-乙基胞嘧啶、5-甲基胞嘧啶、5-溴尿嘧啶、5-乙基尿嘧啶、5-碘尿嘧啶、5-氯尿嘧啶、5-丙基尿嘧啶、硫尿嘧啶、2-甲基腺嘌呤、甲基硫腺嘌呤、N,N-二甲腺嘌呤、氮杂腺嘌呤、8-溴腺嘌呤、8-羟基腺嘌呤、6-羟基氨基嘌呤、6-硫嘌呤、4-(6-氨基己基/胞嘧啶)等。其他实例是本领域技术人员众所周知的。
如本文所使用,“核苷”指包含共价连接至核碱基接头部分的核碱基的单个化学单位。“核碱基接头部分”的非限定性实例是包含5-碳原子的糖(即“5-碳糖”),包括但不限于脱氧核糖、核糖、阿拉伯糖或5-碳糖的衍生物或类似物。5-碳糖衍生物或类似物的非限定性实例包括2′-氟-2′-脱氧核糖或者其中糖环中的氧原子被碳取代的碳环糖。核碱基与核碱基接头部分的不同类型共价连接是本领域已知的(Kornberg和Baker,1992)。
如本文所使用,“核苷酸”指还包含“骨架部分”的核苷。骨架部分通常共价连接核苷酸至包含核苷酸的另一分子或者共价连接至另一核苷酸以形成核酸。天然存在核苷酸中的“骨架部分”有代表性地包含共价连接至5-碳糖的磷部分。骨架部分的连接有代表性地发生在5-碳糖的3′-位或者5′-位。然而,其他类型的连接是本领域已知的,特别是当核苷酸包含天然存在5-碳糖或磷部分的衍生物或类似物时。
核酸可以包含天然存在核酸中存在的核碱基、核碱基接头部分和/或骨架部分的衍生物或类似物,或完全由其组成。带有核酸类似物的RNA也可以根据本发明方法标记。如本文所使用的“衍生物”指化学修饰或改变形式的天然存在分子,而术语“模拟物”或“类似物”指结构上类似或者不类似于天然存在分子或部分,但具有相似功能的分子。如本文所使用,“部分”通常指较大化学或分子结构的较小化学或分子成分。核碱基、核苷和核苷酸类似物或衍生物是本领域众所周知的,并且已经描述(见例如,Scheit,1980,通过参考并入本文)。
核苷、核苷酸或核酸的另外非限定性实例包括美国专利5,681,947、5,652,099和5,763,167、5,614,617、5,670,663、5,872,232、5,859,221、5,446,137、5,886,165、5,714,606、5,672,697、5,466,786、5,792,847、5,223,618、5,470,967、5,378,825、5,777,092、5,623,070、5,610,289、5,602,240、5,858,988、5,214,136、5,700,922、5,708,154、5,728,525、5,637,683、6,251,666、5,480,980和5,728,525中的那些,每一篇的全文通过参考并入本文。
本发明的标记方法和实际盒特别应该考虑到核苷酸的使用,核苷酸被修饰以连接标记并且可以掺入到miRNA分子中。此类核苷酸包括可以用染料,包括荧光染料或者用分子,例如生物素标记的那些核苷酸。可容易地得到标记的核苷酸;它们可以商业性获得或者它们可以通过本领域技术人员已知的反应合成。
用于本发明的修饰核苷酸不是天然存在核苷酸,而是在其上具有反应部分的制备的核苷酸。感兴趣的特异性反应官能团包括:氨基、巯基、烷基磺酰氧基(sulfoxyl)、氨基巯基、叠氮基、环氧化物、异硫氰酸酯、异氰酸酯、酐、一氯三嗪、二氯三嗪、一卤或二卤取代吡啶、一取代或二取代二嗪、马来酰亚胺、环氧化物、氮丙啶、磺酰卤、卤酸、烷基卤、芳基卤、烷基磺酸盐、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、亚氨酸酯、肼、叠氮基硝基苯基、叠氮化物、3-(2-吡啶基二硫代)-丙酰胺、乙二醛、醛、碘乙酰、氰甲基酯、p-硝基苯基酯、o-硝基苯基酯、羟基吡啶酯、羰基咪唑和其他此类化学基团。在一些实施方案中,反应官能团可以与核苷酸直接键合或其可以通过连接基团与核苷酸连接。功能性部分和任何接头基本上不损伤核苷酸被添加至miRNA或者被标记的能力。代表性的连接基团包括含碳连接基团,有代表性地从大约2至18、通常从大约2至8个碳原子,其中含碳连接基团可以包括或者可以不包括一个或一个以上杂原子,如S、O、N等,并且可以包括或者可以不包括一个或一个以上不饱和位点。在许多实施方案中特别感兴趣的是烷基连接基团,有代表性的是1至16个、通常1至4个碳原子的低碳烷基胺连接基团,其中连接基团可以包括一个或一个以上不饱和位点。在上述官能化靶产生的方法中使用的官能化核苷酸(或引物)可以使用已知方法制造或者从供货商,例如Sigma、Roche、Ambion、Biosearch Technologies和NEN购买。官能团可以根据本领域技术人员已知的方式制备,包括美国专利4,404,289;4,405,711;4,337,063和5,268,486以及英国专利1,529,202中的代表性信息,每一专利通过参考并入本文。
在本发明的几个实施方案中使用胺修饰的核苷酸。胺修饰的核苷酸是带有用于连接标记的活性胺基的核苷酸。应该考虑到任何核糖核苷酸(G、A、U或C)或脱氧核糖核苷酸(G、A、T或C)可以被修饰以便标记。实例包括,但不限于,下列修饰核糖核苷酸和脱氧核糖核苷酸:5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-UTP;8-[(4-氨基)丁基]-氨基-ATP和8-[(6-氨基)丁基]-氨基-ATP;N6-(4-氨基)丁基-ATP、N6-(6-氨基)丁基-ATP、N4-[2,2-氧-双-(乙基胺)]-CTP;N6-(6-氨基)己基-ATP;8-[(6-氨基)己基]-氨基-ATP;5-炔丙基氨基-CTP、5-炔丙基氨基-UTP;5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-dUTP;8-[(4-氨基)丁基]-氨基-dATP和8-[(6-氨基)丁基]-氨基-dATP;N6-(4-氨基)丁基-dATP、N6-(6-氨基)丁基-dATP、N4-[2,2-氧-双-(乙基胺)]-dCTP;N6-(6-氨基)己基-dATP;8-[(6-氨基)己基]-氨基-dATP;5-炔丙基氨基-dCTP和5-炔丙基氨基-dUTP。此类核苷酸可以根据本领域技术人员已知的方法制备。然而,本领域普通技术人员可以制备具有同样胺修饰的其他核苷酸部分,例如5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-CTP、5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-GTP、5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-ATP、5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-dCTP、5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-dGTP、5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-dTTP或代替5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-UTP的5-(3-氨基烯丙基)-dUTP。
B.核酸制备
核酸可以通过本领域普通技术人员已知的任何技术制备,例如化学合成、酶促生产或生物学生产。特别考虑的是,化学合成本发明的miRNA探针。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,miRNA从生物学样品中回收或分离。miRNA可以是重组体或者其可以细胞天然的或内源的(从细胞基因组产生)。应该考虑到,生物学样品可以以增强小的RNA分子例如miRNA回收的方式处理。美国专利申请序列号10/667,126描述了此类方法并且该文献明确地通过参考并入本文。通常,方法包括以含有胍和去污剂的溶液裂解细胞。
备选地,核酸合成根据标准方法开展。见例如,Itakura和Riggs(1980)以及美国专利4,704,362、5,221,619和5,583,013,每一文献通过参考并入本文。合成核酸(例如合成寡核苷酸)的非限定性实例包括使用例如描述于EP 266,032(通过参考并入本文)中的磷酸三酯、亚磷酸盐或亚磷酰胺化学和固相技术,或者如Froehler等,1986和美国专利5,705,629(每一文献通过参考并入本文)中所述经由脱氧核苷H-膦酸酯中间体通过体外化学合成制造的核酸。寡核苷酸合成的多种不同机制已经描述于例如美国专利4,659,774、4,816,571、5,141,813、5,264,566、4,959,463、5,428,148、5,554,744、5,574,146、5,602,244中,每一专利通过参考并入本文。
酶促生产核酸的非限定性实例包括在扩增反应如PCRTM中通过酶产生的核酸(见例如美国专利4,683,202和4,682,195,每一专利通过参考并入本文)或者描述于美国专利5,645,897(通过参考并入本文)中的寡核苷酸的合成。还可见Sambrook等,2001,其通过参考并入本文。
寡核苷酸合成是本领域技术人员众所周知的。寡核苷酸合成的多种不同机制已经描述于例如美国专利4,659,774、4,816,571、5,141,813、5,264,566、4,959,463、5,428,148、5,554,744、5,574,146、5,602,244中,每一专利通过参考并入本文。
用于在细胞中产生核酸的重组方法是本领域技术人员众所周知的。这些方法包括使用载体(病毒和非病毒载体)、质粒、粘粒和其他载体递送核酸至细胞,细胞可以是靶细胞(例如癌细胞)或者只是宿主细胞(以生产大量的目的RNA分子)。备选地,此类载体可以用于无细胞系统情况下,只要存在用于产生RNA分子的试剂即可。此类方法包括描述于Sambrook,2003,Sambrook,2001和Sambrook,1989中的那些,每一文献通过参考并入本文。
C.核酸分离
核酸可以使用本领域技术人员众所周知的技术分离,但是在特定实施方案中,可以采用用于分离小的核酸分子和/或分离RNA分子的方法。层析是常常使用从蛋白质或从其他核酸中分开或分离核酸的方法。此类方法可以包括胶基质电泳、过滤柱、醇沉淀和/或其他层析。如果打算使用或评估来自细胞的miRNA,方法通常包括在开展分离特定群体RNA的方法之前,用离液剂(例如异硫氰酸胍)和/或去污剂(例如N-月桂酰基肌氨酸盐)裂解细胞。
在用于从其他核酸中分离miRNA的特定方法中,虽然也可以使用琼脂糖制备凝胶基质,但是凝胶基质用聚丙烯酰胺制备。凝胶可以是浓度梯度的或者是浓度均匀的。板或管可用于容纳用于电泳的凝胶基质。对于核酸分离通常采用一维电泳。板用于制备平板凝胶,而管(代表性的是玻璃或橡胶管)可以用于制备管凝胶。短语“管电泳”指使用管而不是平板形成凝胶。开展管电泳的材料可以由本领域技术人员容易地制备或者从例如C.B.S.Scientific Co.,Inc.或Scie-Plas购买。
方法可以包括使用有机溶剂和/或醇以分离核酸,特别是本发明方法和组合物中使用的miRNA。一些实施方案描述于美国专利申请序列号10/667,126中,其通过参考并入本文。通常,该公开提供了从细胞中有效分离小RNA分子的方法,包括:向细胞裂解物中加入醇溶液和将醇/裂解物混合物应用在固体支持物上,然后从固体支持物上洗脱RNA分子。在一些实施方案中,加至细胞裂解物的醇的量达到了大约55%至60%的醇浓度。虽然可以使用不同的醇类,但是乙醇效果良好。固体支持物可以是任何结构,并且它包括珠、滤纸和柱,其可以包括带有负电基团的矿物支持物或多聚体支持物。玻璃纤维滤纸或柱对于此种分离过程效果特别好。
在特别的实施方案中,miRNA分离方法包括:a)用含胍的裂解溶液裂解细胞样品,其中产生胍浓度至少大约1M的裂解物;b)用含苯酚的提取溶液从裂解物中提取miRNA分子;c)向裂解物加入醇溶液,形成裂解物/醇混合物,其中混合物中醇浓度在大约35%至大约70%之间;d)将裂解物/醇混合物应用至固体支持物;e)用离子溶液从固体支持物洗脱miRNA分子;和f)收集miRNA分子。有代表性地,样品被干燥并且重悬于适宜后续操作的液体和体积中。
V.标记和标记技术
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及标记的miRNA。应该考虑到miRNA可以在标记之前首先被分离和/或纯化。这可以完成更有效标记miRNA的反应,这与样品中的其他RNA的标记相反,其中在标记之前miRNA未分离或纯化。在许多本发明实施方案中,标记是非放射性的。通常,通过加入标记核苷酸(一步法)或者加入核苷酸并标记所加入核苷酸(两步法)可以标记核酸。
A.标记技术
在一些实施方案中,通过向核酸催化性添加已经标记的一种或多种核苷酸,将核酸标记。一种或一种以上标记核苷酸可以添加至miRNA分子。见美国专利6,723,509,其通过参考并入本文。
在其他实施方案中,未标记的一种或多种核苷酸催化性添加至miRNA,并且未标记核苷酸用化学部分修饰,化学部分能够使它在以后被标记。在本发明实施方案中,化学部分是活性胺,从而核苷酸是胺修饰核苷酸。胺修饰核苷酸的实例是本领域技术人员众所周知的,许多可以商业获得,例如从Ambion、Sigma、Jena Bioscience和TriLink获得。
与在cDNA合成过程中标记cDNA不同,标记miRNA的问题是如何标记已经存在的分子。本发明涉及能够使用二-或三-磷酸核糖核苷酸或脱氧核糖核苷酸作为底物的酶用于将底物添加至miRNA的用途。此外,在特别的实施方案中,它包括使用修饰的二-或三-磷酸核糖核苷酸,其被添加至miRNA的3’端。能够添加此类核苷酸的酶包括,但不限于,poly(A)聚合酶、末端转移酶和多核苷酸磷酸化酶。在本发明特别的实施方案中,连接酶不是作为用于添加标记的酶考虑的,并且改为采用非连接酶的酶。末端转移酶催化核苷酸添加至核酸3′末端。多核苷酸磷酸化酶可将核苷酸二磷酸聚合,而无需引物。
B.标记
miRNA或miRNA探针上的标记可以是比色的(包括可见光谱和紫外光谱,包括荧光)、发光的、酶的或发射正电子(包括放射性的)的标记。标记可以直接或间接检测。放射性标记包括125I、32P、33P和35S。酶标记实例包括碱性磷酸酶、萤光素酶、辣根过氧化物酶和β半乳糖苷酶。标记也可以是具有发光特性的蛋白质,例如绿色荧光蛋白和藻红蛋白。
考虑用作缀合物的比色和荧光标记包括,但不限于,Alexa Fluor染料,BODIPY染料,例如BODIPY FL;Cascade Blue;Cascade Yellow;香豆素及其衍生物,例如7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素,氨基香豆素和羟基香豆素;花青染料,例如Cy3和Cy5;曙红和赤藓红;荧光素及其衍生物,例如荧光素异硫氰酸酯;镧系离子大环螯合物,例如Quantum DyeTM;Marina Blue;俄勒冈绿;罗丹明染料,例如罗丹明红,四甲基罗丹明红和罗丹明6G;德克萨斯红;荧光能量转移染料,例如噻唑橙-乙锭异二聚体;和TOTAB。
染料的特定实例包括,但不限于,上面鉴定的那些和下列的那些:Alexa Fluor350、Alexa Fluor 405、Alexa Fluor 430、Alexa Fluor 488、Alexa Fluor 500.AlexaFluor 514、Alexa Fluor 532、Alexa Fluor 546、Alexa Fluor 555、Alexa Fluor 568、Alexa Fluor 594、Alexa Fluor 610、Alexa Fluor 633、Alexa Fluor 647、Alexa Fluor660、Alexa Fluor 680、Alexa Fluor 700、和Alexa Fluor 750;活性胺BODIPY染料、例如BODIPY 493/503、BODIPY 530/550、BODIPY 558/568、BODIPY564/570、BODIPY 576/589、BODIPY 581/591、BODIPY 630/650、BODIPY650/655、BODIPY FL、BODIPY R6G、BODIPY TMR、和BODIPY-TR;Cy3、Cy5、6-FAM、荧光素异硫氰酸酯、HEX、6-JOE、俄勒冈绿488、俄勒冈绿500、俄勒冈绿514、太平洋蓝、REG、罗丹明绿、罗丹明红、Renographin、ROX、SYPRO、TAMRA、2′,4′,5′,7′-(Tetrabromosulfonefluorescein)四溴砜荧光素和TET。
荧光标记的核糖核苷酸的特定实例可以从Molecular Probes获得,并且它们包括Alexa Fluor 488-5-UTP、荧光素-12-UTP、BODIPY FL-14-UTP、BODIPYTMR-14-UTP、四甲基罗丹明红-6-UTP、Alexa Fluor 546-14-UTP、德克萨斯红-5-UTP、和BODIPY TR-14-UTP。其他荧光核糖核苷酸可从AmershamBiosciences获得,例如Cy3-UTP和Cy5-UTP。
荧光标记的脱氧核糖核苷酸实例包括二硝基苯基(DNP)-11-dUTP、CascadeBlue-7-dUTP、Alexa Fluor 488-5-dUTP、荧光素-12-dUTP、俄勒冈绿488-5-dUTP、BODIPY FL-14-dUTP、罗丹明绿-5-dUTP、Alexa Fluor 532-5-dUTP、BODIPYTMR-14-dUTP、四甲基罗丹明红-6-dUTP、Alexa Fluor 546-14-dUTP、Alexa Fluor568-5-dUTP、德克萨斯红-12-dUTP、德克萨斯红-5-dUTP、BODIPY TR-14-dUTP、Alexa Fluor 594-5-dUTP、BODIPY 630/650-14-dUTP、BODIPY 650/665-14-dUTP;Alexa Fluor 488-7-OBEA-dCTP、Alexa Fluor 546-16-OBEA-dCTP、Alexa Fluor594-7-OBEA-dCTP、Alexa Fluor 647-12-OBEA-dCTP。
应该考虑到核酸可以用两种不同标记标记。此外,荧光共振能量转移(FRET)可以在本发明方法中采用(例如Klostermeier等,2002;Emptage,2001;Didenko,2001,每一文献通过参考并入本文)。
备选地,标记可以不是本身可检测性的,而是可间接检测性的或者允许靶向核酸的分离或分选。例如,标记可以是生物素、地高辛、多价阳离子、螯合基和其他配体,包括抗体的配体。
C.可视化技术
容易得到用于可视化或者检测所标记核酸的诸多技术。此类技术包括,但不限于,显微术、阵列、荧光分析法、Light cyclers或其他实时PCR仪器、FACS分析、闪烁计数器、磷像仪、盖革计数器、MRI、CAT、基于抗体的检测方法(Western、免疫荧光、免疫组织化学)、组织化学技术、HPLC(Griffey等,1997)、光谱学、毛细管凝胶电泳(Cummins等,1996)、光谱学、质谱、放射性技术和质量平衡技术。
当采用两个或更多个不同颜色的标记时,可采用荧光共振能量转移(FRET)技术以表征一个或一个以上核酸的结合。此外,本领域普通技术人员完全知道可视化、鉴定和表征所标记核酸的方法,因此此类方法可以用作本发明的部分。还可以使用的工具的实例包括荧光显微术、BioAnalyzer、板阅读器、Storm(Molecular Dynamics)、阵列扫描仪、FACS(荧光激活细胞分选)或具有激发和检测荧光分子能力的任何仪器。
VI.试剂盒
本文所述的任何组合物可以包含在试剂盒中。在非限定性实例中,用于分离miRNA、标记miRNA和/或使用阵列、核酸扩增和/或杂交评估miRNA群体的试剂以及用于从血液样品中制备样品的试剂可以包括在试剂盒内。试剂盒可以进一步包括用于产生或合成miRNA探针的试剂。因此,试剂盒将在适宜容器装置中包含用于通过掺入标记核苷酸或未标记核苷酸(随后标记)标记miRNA的酶。在某些方面,试剂盒可包括扩增试剂。在更多方面,试剂盒可包括不同的支持物,例如玻璃、尼龙、多聚体珠等等,和/或用于偶联任何探针和/或靶核酸的试剂。其还可以包括一种或一种以上的缓冲液,例如反应缓冲液、标记缓冲液、洗涤缓冲液或杂交缓冲液,用于制备miRNA探针的化合物,和用于分离miRNA的成分。本发明的其他试剂盒可包括制造包含miRNA的核酸阵列的成分,并且因此可以包括例如固体支持物。
特别应该考虑到用于开展本文所述本发明方法的试剂盒。在一些实施方案中,为用于制备制备多重标记miRNA的试剂盒和用于制备miRNA探针和/或miRNA阵列的试剂盒。在这些实施方案中,试剂盒在适宜容器装置包含下列1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12或更多种:(1)poly(A)聚合酶;(2)未修饰核苷酸(G、A、T、C、和/或U);(3)修饰核苷酸(标记或未标记);(4)poly(A)聚合酶缓冲液;和,(5)至少一个微孔滤器;(6)可连接至核苷酸的标记;(7)至少一种miRNA探针;(8)反应缓冲液;(9)miRNA阵列或用于制造此阵列的成分;(10)乙酸;(11)醇;(12)用于制备、分离、富集和纯化miRNA或miRNA探针或阵列的溶液。其他试剂包括通常用于处理RNA的那些试剂,例如甲酰胺、上样染料、核糖核酸酶抑制剂和DNA酶。
在特别的实施方案中,本发明的试剂盒包括包含miRNA探针的阵列,如本申请中所描述。阵列可以具有探针,所述探针对应于特定条件下有机体或特定组织或器官的所有已知miRNA或者对应于此类探针的亚组。本发明阵列上的探针亚组可以是或包括经鉴定与特定诊断、治疗或预后应用关联的那些。例如,阵列可包含一种或一种以上探针,所述探针指示或暗示(1)疾病或状况(急性髓性白血病),(2)对特定药物或治疗的易感性或抗性;(3)对药物或物质毒性的易感性;(4)疾病或状况进展或严重性的分级(预后);和(5)对疾病或状况的遗传易感性。
对于包括阵列的任何试剂盒实施方案,可以存在包含或可用于扩增下述序列的核酸分子,所述序列是本文所述任意序列标识号的全部或部分序列的变体、或与之相同或互补。在某些实施方案中,本发明的试剂盒或阵列可包含用于本文所述序列标识号所确定miRNA的一种或一神以上探针。上述的任何核酸可作为试剂盒的部分应用。
试剂盒的成分可以在水介质中包装或者以冻干形式包装。试剂盒的容器装置通常包括至少一个小瓶、试管、烧瓶、瓶、注射器或其他容器装置,成分可以包装在这些容器中并且优选地适当等分包装在这些容器中。在试剂盒中包含一种以上成分的情况下(标记试剂和标记可以包装在一起),试剂盒还通常包含第二、第三或者其他额外容器,额外的成分可以分开置于这些容器中。然而,可以在小瓶中包含成分的多种组合。本发明试剂盒还代表性地包括包含核酸的装置和商业销售的任何其他密闭的试剂容器。此类容器可包括注塑或吹塑容器,在所述容器中放置期望的小瓶。
当试剂盒的成分以一种和/或更多种液体溶液提供时,液体溶液是水溶液,特别优选无菌水溶液。
然而,试剂和成分可以作为干粉提供。当试剂和/或成分作为干粉提供时,可以通过加入适宜溶剂将粉末重构。应该考虑到,溶剂还可在另一容器装置中提供。在一些实施方案中,标记染料作为干的粉末提供。应该考虑到在本发明试剂盒中提供10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、120、120、130、140、150、160、170、180、190、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1000μg或者至少或至多这些量的干的染料。然后,染料可以重悬于任何适宜溶剂中,例如DMSO。
此类试剂盒还可以包括帮助分离标记miRNA的成分。其还可以包括保存或维持miRNA或保护免受降解的成分。此类成分可以是无RNA酶的或者免受RNA酶污染。此类试剂盒通常会在适宜装置中包含不同的容器,用于每一个别试剂或溶液。
试剂盒还可以包括说明书,说明试剂盒成分的使用以及试剂盒中未包括的任何其他试剂的使用。说明书可包括可以实现的变动。
本发明的试剂盒还可以包括下列的一种或一种以上:对照RNA;无核酸酶水;无RNA酶容器,例如1.5ml管;无RNA酶洗脱管;PEG或葡聚糖;乙醇;乙酸;乙酸钠;乙酸胺;胍;去污剂;核酸分子量标记物;无RNA酶管尖;和RNA酶或DNA酶抑制剂。
应该考虑到此类试剂是本发明试剂盒的实施方案。然而,此类试剂盒不限于上面确定的特定事项,并且可以包括用于操作或表征miRNA的任何试剂。
VII.实施例
所附的下列实施例旨在证明本发明的优选实施方案。本领域技术人员应当认识到,以下发明人所发明的代表性技术的实施例中公开的技术良好地实施本发明,并且因此可以考虑构成其优选的实施模式。然而,依据本公开,本领域技术人员应当意识到,对已经公开的特定的实施方案中可以做诸多改变,并且仍然得到同样的或相似的结果,并未脱离本发明的精神和范围。
实施例1:HSA-MIR-21转染后的基因表达分析
据信miRNA通过结合至靶mRNA转录物并且(1)启动转录物降解或者(2)改变蛋白质从转录物的翻译调节基因表达。导致蛋白质表达上调或下调的翻译调节可产生下游基因产物和基因活性和表达的改变,翻译调节反过来被这些蛋白质调节。这些众多的调节效应显示为整体mRNA表达谱的变化。开展微阵列基因表达分析以鉴定由hsa-miR-21表达误调节的基因。
合成前体-miR-21(Ambion)或两种阴性对照miRNA(前体-miR-NC1,Ambion目录号AM17110和前体-miR-NC2,Ambion,目录号AM17111)反向感染进入一式四份的A549细胞样品中,每一份为三个时间点。使用siPORT NeoFX(Ambion)根据厂商的推荐以下列参数转染细胞:在六孔板中每孔200,000个细胞,5.0μlNeoFX,2.5ml中的30nM终浓度的miRNA。细胞在转染后4小时、24小时和72小时收获。使用RNAqueous-4PCR(Ambion)根据厂商推荐的方法提取总RNA。
mRNA阵列分析由Asuragen Services(Austin,TX)根据公司标准操作方法开展。使用MessageAmpTM II-96 aRNA扩增试剂盒(Ambion,目录号1819)2μg总RNA用作靶制备和生物素标记。使用Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100毛细管电泳法定量cRNA产量。使用厂商的推荐和下列参数将标记的靶与Affymetrix mRNA阵列(人HG-U133A 2.0阵列)杂交。杂交在Affymetrix Model 640杂交箱于45℃开展16小时。在Affymetrix FS450 Fluidcs站上洗涤阵列并着色,运行洗涤脚本Midi_euk2v3_450。阵列在Affymetrix GeneChip扫描仪3000上扫描。图像信号资料的概括信息、组平均值、带有显著性标志的p值、log比值和阵列上每一基因的基因注释使用Affymetrix统计学算法MAS 5.0(GCOS v1.3)产生。数据报道于包含Affymetrix数据和结果的文件(cabinet)和包含阵列最初图像和处理后单元强度的文件(.cel)中。数据针对两种阴性对照小RNA序列的平均观察效果标准化,然后一起平均后给出结果。其表达水平比平均阴性对照变化至少0.7log2的一列基因组合在一起。微阵列基因表达分析结果示于表1。
实施例2:HSA-miR-21影响的细胞途径
hsa-miR-21对基因表达的误调节(表1)影响许多细胞途径,这些细胞途径代表着控制癌症和其他疾病和紊乱的潜在治疗靶。发明人确定了被hsa-miR-21表达诱导的调节性级联所影响的细胞遗传途径的身份和性质。细胞途径分析使用Ingenuity Pathways Analysis(Version 4.0,IngenuitySystems,Redwood City,CA)开展。特定途径的改变通过Fisher精确检验(Fisher,1922)确定。在A549细胞中受hsa-miR-21过表达影响最显著的途径示于表2。
这些数据证明,hsa-miR-21直接或间接影响众多癌症、细胞增殖、细胞发育、细胞信号转导和细胞周期相关基因的表达,并且因此主要影响与细胞生长、细胞发育和细胞增殖相关的功能途径。这些细胞过程在多种癌症的发展和进展中全部具有整合作用。对表2所示细胞途径中的基因表达水平的操纵代表着对癌症和其他疾病(其中hsa-miR-21的表达增加或降低在疾病中发挥作用)的潜在有用的治疗法。
实施例3:预测的HSA-MIR-21基因靶标
结合hsa-miR-21并被hsa-miR-21调节的基因靶使用专有算法miRNATargetTM(Asuragen)预测,该算法是Krek等(2005)所建议的方法的实现。预测的靶基因示于表3。表现出在转染前体-miR hsa-miR-21后的人癌细胞中mRNA表达水平改变的预测的基因靶示于表4。
实施例4:HSA-MIR-21改变的癌症相关基因表达
细胞增殖和存活途径通常在肿瘤中改变(Hanahan和Weinberg,2000)。发明人已经显示,hsa-miR-21直接或间接调节在这些途径的调节中至关重要的蛋白质的转录物。这些靶中多数具有先天的致癌活性或肿瘤抑制活性。具有预后和/或治疗价值的用于治疗不同恶性肿瘤的Hsa-miR-21靶示于表5。
Hsa-miR-21调节编码与控制细胞内信号级联、转录、细胞周期进程以及蛋白质折叠和稳定性有关的蛋白质的转录物。例如,hsa-miR-21负向调节肿瘤抑制物神经纤维瘤蛋白(NF1),当神经纤维瘤蛋白缺失或突变时则引起神经纤维瘤病,这是最常见的遗传性肿瘤易感性综合征之一(Rubin和Gutmann,2005)。NF1功能的缺失也存在于其他恶性肿瘤中,例如星细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤和白血病。NF1作为针对固有的致癌性RAS蛋白质的GTP酶激活蛋白(GAP)起作用,通过催化RAS相关GTP变成GDP而使RAS失活。因此,相应于hsa-miR-21水平的提高NF1表达降低,这可以增强RAS功能,诱导促分裂原活化蛋白质激酶(MAPK)以及磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)途径,并且因此诱导增殖。传递促分裂原信号的其他hsa-miR-21靶是成纤维细胞生长因子结合蛋白(FGF-BP)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)和血小板衍生生长因子受体样蛋白质(PDGFR-L)。PDGFR-L也称作PDGF-受体β样肿瘤抑制物(PRLTS),是跨膜受体和肿瘤抑制物候选物。在广泛多种的癌症中显示,PDGFR-L因杂合性缺失(LOH)或错义和移码突变而丧失功能(Fujiwara等,1995;Komiya等,1997)。FGF-BP是以无活性形式在细胞外基质硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖上储存的分泌蛋白(Tassi等,2001;Abuharbeid等,2006)。其对FGF-1和FGF-2具有高亲和性,并且充当蛋白伴侣以动员局部储存的FGF。因此,FGF-BP是FGF的正向调节物,增强FGF信号和血管发生(Tassi等,2001)。FGF-BP表达是高度组织特异性的并且在多数正常成人组织中缺乏。然而,FGF-BP在多种类型癌症中过表达,包括乳腺、结肠和前列腺癌症(Abuharbeid等,2006)。高FGF-BP表达与肿瘤发展的早期阶段相关,促成肿瘤血管发生。我们的数据表明,hsa-miR-21上调FGF-BP mRNA水平并且因此可能刺激FGF信号。CTGF(也被称为胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白8;IGFBP8)最初作为脐静脉内皮细胞产生的促分裂原描述(Bradham等,1991)。与FGF-BP类似,其作为生长因子活性调节剂起作用并且在多种肿瘤中过表达(Hishikawa等,1999;Shimo等,2001;Lin等,2005;Yang等,2005)。CTGF由缺氧诱导并且增强血管发生以及肿瘤异种移植物的生长(Shimo等,2001;Yang等,2005)。然而,CTGF在癌症中的协调作用仍然难以捉摸,并且会依赖于细胞的背景(Hishikawa等,1999;Lin等,2005)。
受hsa-miR-21调节的靶包括内皮PAS结构域蛋白质-1(EPAS-1)和组蛋白脱乙酰基酶1(HDAC-1),该两者均为基因表达的转录调节物。HDAC-1作为一般的转录抑制剂起作用,并且与成视网膜细胞瘤肿瘤抑制蛋白(Rb)协作降低细胞生长和增殖(Wade,2001)。hsa-miR-21瞬时表达导致HDAC-1 mRNA水平降低,并且因此可能刺激这些细胞的总体细胞生长。相反,EPAS-1 mRNA水平被hsa-miR-21上调。EPAS-1属于bHLH(碱性区域,螺旋-环-螺旋)类转录因子,其包含Per-ARNT-Sim(PAS)蛋白质结构域(Tian等,1997)。其还称作缺氧可诱导因子2α(HIF-2α)并且与良好表征的亲缘分子HIF-1α共享48%序列同源性。与HIF-1α相类似,HIF-2α主要在高度血管化的组织中表达,其通过缺氧诱导并且驱动从缺氧应答启动子元件进行基因表达(Tian等,1997)。例如,HIF-2α诱导血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)转录,血管内皮生长因子是肿瘤血管发生的主要贡献者并且是制药工业的优选药物靶(Xia等,2001;Ferrara等,2004)。HIF-2α表达在多种癌症中是高的并且与这些肿瘤的血管发生和侵袭性相关(Xia等,2002;Bangoura等,2004;Yoshimura等,2004;Holmquist-Mengelbier等,2006)。hsa-miR-21除了控制转录之外,还通过调节滞蛋白-5的表达控制蛋白质稳定性,滞蛋白-5是E3遍在蛋白连接酶复合体中的支架蛋白(Deshaies,1999)。滞蛋白-5辅助靶向蛋白质底物,以便由26S蛋白酶体降解。相应基因CUL5位于往往与乳癌中LOH相关的基因组区域。与之相一致,滞蛋白-5在80%的乳腺癌肿是缺乏的或者表现出表达降低,并且在该类型癌症中作为肿瘤抑制物起作用(Fay等,2003)。
基于这些靶的功能以及它们如何被hsa-miR-21调节,hsa-miR-21表现出具有致癌潜能。具体而言,FGF-BP、CTGF和EPAS-1的hsa-miR-21依赖性调节表明了hsa-miR-21在肿瘤血管发生中的作用。该见解受到我们的观察结果支持,即大多数人癌症组织表现出hsa-miR-21水平提高。然而,hsa-miR-21还勉强调节癌症相关基因,表明该miRNA可能能够在适当时候阻断肿瘤发展。这些靶当中的一个靶是雄激素受体(AR),其为信号传导分子,在雄激素依赖性前列腺癌症中高并且是恶性表型所必需的(Feldman和Feldman,2001)。由于hsa-miR-21降低AR的表达,递送hsa-miR-21可以为患该类型癌症的患者提供治疗益处。Hsa-miR-21还控制Smad3和细胞周期蛋白D1的表达,该两者均是细胞周期进程的调节物。细胞周期蛋白是细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)的辅因子,并且在细胞周期进程中起作用。细胞周期蛋白D1是从G1期过渡到S期所必需的并且在众多癌症类型中过表达(Donnellan和Chetty,1998)。Hsa-miR-21负向调节细胞周期蛋白D1表达并且因此可以干扰依赖于高水平细胞周期蛋白D1的异常细胞生长。相反,Smad3是细胞周期的负向调节物,并且被hsa-miR-21上调(Liu和Matsuura,2005)。其他感兴趣的hsa-miR-21靶包括在众多癌症类形中过表达的成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF-2),和热休克蛋白70-1(Hsp-70-1;也被称为Hsp-70或Hsp-72)(Chandler等,1999)。Hsp-70-1是ATP依赖性蛋白伴侣,其辅助新合成多肽的正确折叠、多蛋白复合体的装配和蛋白质的跨细胞膜转运(Rohde等,2005)。其在多种起源的癌症中大量表达并且是先天致癌性的(Jaattela,1995;Volloch和Sherman,1999)。Hsp-70-1的肿瘤中表达与常规治疗方案的药物抗性和差的效果相关(Ciocca等,1993;Vargas-Roig等,1998)。
总之,hsa-miR-21控制着本身为细胞增殖和肿瘤发展的关键调节物的蛋白质的活性。这些靶常常在人癌症中去调节。基于受miR-21调节的基因和相关途径的这种评论,向多种癌症细胞类型中引入hsa-miR-21或抑制性抗-hsa-miR-21将会产生治疗反应。
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序列表
<110>安德里亚斯.G.巴德
查尔斯.D.约翰逊
麦克.拜罗姆
大卫.布朗
<120>作为治疗性干预靶标的miR-21调节的基因和途径
<130>ASUR:025WO
<140>未知
<141>2007-12-10
<150>60/917,703
<151>2007-05-14
<150>60/869,295
<151>2006-12-08
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Claims (44)
1.调节细胞中基因表达的方法,包括向细胞施用一定量分离的核酸,所述一定量分离的核酸包含足以调节表1、3、4或5中所鉴定一个或一个以上基因表达的量的miR-21抑制剂。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中细胞位于患有、怀疑患有或者有危险发展成代谢性、免疫性、传染性、心血管、消化性、内分泌、眼、泌尿生殖、血液、肌肉骨骼、神经系统、先天性、呼吸、皮肤或癌性疾病或状况的受试者内。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中传染性疾病或状况是寄生虫、细菌、病毒或真菌感染。
4.权利要求2的方法,其中癌性状况是其中调节一个或一个以上基因足以引起治疗反应的星细胞瘤、急性髓性白血病、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胃癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、白血病、脂肪瘤、黑素瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、粘液纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、骨肉瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺癌、尿路上皮癌。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中基因表达被上调。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中细胞是上皮细胞、基质细胞或黏膜细胞。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中细胞是脑细胞、神经元细胞、血液细胞、食管细胞、肺细胞、心血管细胞、肝细胞、乳腺细胞、骨细胞、甲状腺细胞、腺细胞、肾上腺细胞、胰细胞、胃细胞、肠细胞、肾细胞、膀胱细胞、前列腺细胞、子宫细胞、卵巢细胞、睾丸细胞、脾细胞、皮肤细胞、平滑肌细胞、心肌细胞、横纹肌细胞。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中细胞是癌症细胞。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中癌症细胞是神经元细胞、神经胶质细胞、肺细胞、肝细胞、脑细胞、乳腺细胞、膀胱细胞、血液细胞、白血病细胞、结肠细胞、子宫内膜细胞、胃细胞、皮肤细胞、卵巢细胞、脂肪细胞、骨细胞、宫颈细胞、食管细胞、胰细胞、前列腺细胞、肾细胞或甲状腺细胞。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中分离的miR-21抑制剂是重组核酸。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中重组核酸是RNA。
12.权利要求10的方法,其中重组核酸是DNA。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中重组核酸包含miR-21抑制剂表达盒。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中表达盒包含在病毒载体或质粒DNA载体中。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中病毒载体以每一剂量1×105至1×1014个病毒颗粒的剂量施用或者质粒DNA载体以每一患者100mg至每一患者4000mg的剂量施用。
16.权利要求1的方法,其中miR-20核酸是合成的核酸。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中核酸是以0.01mg/kg体重至10mg/kg体重的剂量施用。
18.权利要求1的方法,其中miR-21是hsa-miR-21。
19.权利要求1的方法,其中核酸是肠内或肠胃外施用。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中肠内施用是口服。
21.权利要求19的方法,其中肠胃外施用是血管内施用、颅内施用、胸膜内施用、瘤内施用、腹膜内施用、肌内施用、淋巴内施用、腺内施用、皮下施用、局部施用、支气管内施用、气管内施用、鼻内施用、吸入施用或滴注施用。
22.权利要求1的方法,其中核酸是包含在药物制剂中。
23.权利要求22的方法,其中药物制剂是脂质组合物。
24.调节细胞途径或者生理途径的方法,包括向细胞施用一定量的分离的核酸,所述分离的核酸包含足以调节细胞途径或者生理途径量的miR-21抑制剂,细胞途径或者生理途径包含表1、3、4或5中所鉴定的一个或一个以上基因或者与表1、3、4或5中所鉴定的一个或一个以上基因相关的基因产物。
25.权利要求24的方法,还包括施用2、3、4、5、6或更多个miRNA。
26.权利要求25的方法,其中miRNA包含在单一组合物中。
27.权利要求23的方法,其中至少两个细胞途径或者生理途径被调节。
28.权利要求25的方法,其中至少一个基因被多个miRNA调节。
29.权利要求24的方法,其中基因表达或基因产物被下调。
30.权利要求24的方法,其中基因表达或基因产物被上调。
31.权利要求24的方法,其中细胞是癌症细胞。
32.权利要求31的方法,其中细胞活性被降低,细胞增殖被降低,细胞转移被降低或者细胞对治疗的敏感性增加。
33.权利要求31的方法,其中癌症细胞是神经元细胞、神经胶质细胞、肺细胞、肝细胞、脑细胞、乳腺细胞、膀胱细胞、血液细胞、白血病细胞、结肠细胞、子宫内膜细胞、胃细胞、皮肤细胞、卵巢细胞、脂肪细胞、骨细胞、宫颈细胞、食管细胞、胰细胞、前列腺细胞、肾细胞或甲状腺细胞。
34.权利要求24的方法,其中miR-21抑制剂是重组核酸。
35.权利要求34的方法,其中重组核酸是DNA。
36.权利要求35的方法,其中重组核酸是病毒载体或质粒DNA载体。
37.治疗诊断患有或者怀疑患有或者怀疑发展成与miRNA所调节基因相关病理状况或疾病的患者的方法,包括步骤:
(a)向患者施用一定量分离的核酸,所述一定量分离的核酸包含足以调节细胞途径或者生理途径的量的miR-21抑制剂;和
(b)施用第二治疗法,其中细胞途径或者生理途径的调节使患者对第二治疗法敏感。
38.权利要求37的方法,其中一个或一个以上细胞途径或者生理途径包含表1、3、4或5中鉴定的一个或一个以上基因。
39.选择待向患有、怀疑患有或者倾向发展成病理状况或者疾病的受试者施用的miRNA的方法,包括:
(a)确定选自表1、3、4或5的一个或一个以上基因的表达谱;
(b)基于表达谱评估受试者对miRNA治疗的敏感性;和
(c)基于所评估的敏感性选择一个或一个以上miRNA。
40.权利要求39的方法,还包括用1、2、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多个miRNA治疗受试者。
41.权利要求40的方法,其中每一miRNA单独施用或者一种或一种以上组合施用。
42.权利要求41的方法,其中miRNA在单一组合物中。
43.评估细胞、组织或者受试者的方法,包括在至少一个样品中评估miR-21的表达与评估来自表1、3、4或5的一个或一个以上基因的表达相联合。
44.评估样品中miR-21状态的方法,包括步骤:
(a)评估样品中来自表1、3、4或5的一个或一个以上基因的表达;和
(b)基于样品中miR-21表达水平确定miR-21状态。
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CN101631861A (zh) | 2010-01-20 |
US20090092974A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
CN101622350A (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
WO2008073915A2 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
WO2008073915A3 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
CN101622348A (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
CN101627121A (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
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