CN101239712A - 碳纳米管薄膜结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents
碳纳米管薄膜结构及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:提供一碳纳米管阵列;采用一拉伸工具从碳纳米管阵列中拉取获得至少两碳纳米管薄膜;提供一固定框架,将上述碳纳米管薄膜重叠地粘附于固定框架形成一多层的碳纳米管薄膜结构;以及使用有机溶剂处理上述多层碳纳米管薄膜结构。上述方法制备的碳纳米管薄膜结构,包括:至少两层重叠且交叉设置的碳纳米管薄膜,该碳纳米管薄膜包括多个首尾相连且定向排列的碳纳米管束,该多层碳纳米管薄膜结构进一步包括由多个碳纳米管束交叉形成的微孔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碳纳米管薄膜结构及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳纳米管是九十年代初才发现的一种新型一维纳米材料。碳纳米管的特殊结构决定了其具有特殊的性质,如高抗张强度和高热稳定性;随着碳纳米管螺旋方式的变化,碳纳米管可呈现出金属性或半导体性等。由于碳纳米管具有理想的一维结构以及在力学、电学、热学等领域优良的性质,其在材料科学、化学、物理学等交叉学科领域已展现出广阔的应用前景,在科学研究以及产业应用上也受到越来越多的关注。
虽然碳纳米管性能优异,具有广泛的应用,但是一般情况下制备得到的碳纳米管为颗粒状或粉末状,这对人们的应用造成了很多不便。
为了制成薄膜状的碳纳米管结构,现有的方法主要包括:直接生长法;喷涂法或朗缪尔·布洛节塔(Langmuir Blodgett,LB)法。其中,直接生长法一般通过控制反应条件,如以硫磺作为添加剂或设置多层催化剂等,通过化学气相沉积法直接生长得到碳纳米管薄膜结构。喷涂法一般通过将碳纳米管粉末形成水性溶液并涂覆于一基材表面,经干燥后形成碳纳米管薄膜结构。LB法一般通过将一碳纳米管溶液混入另一具有不同密度之溶液(如有机溶剂)中,利用分子自组装运动,碳纳米管浮出溶液表面形成碳纳米管薄膜结构。
然而,上述通过直接生长法或喷涂法获得的碳纳米管薄膜结构中,碳纳米管往往容易聚集成团导致薄膜厚度不均。上述通过LB法制备得到的碳纳米管薄膜结构一般为均匀网状结构,碳纳米管分散均匀,不团聚,但是,碳纳米管在薄膜中仍然为无序排列,不利于充分发挥碳纳米管的性能,其应用仍然受到限制。
因此,确有必要提供一种碳纳米管薄膜结构,其中碳纳米管在薄膜中均匀分散且有序排列。
发明内容
以下,将以实施例说明一种碳纳米管薄膜结构及其制备方法
一种碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:提供一碳纳米管阵列;采用一拉伸工具从碳纳米管阵列中拉取获得至少两碳纳米管薄膜;提供一固定框架,将上述碳纳米管薄膜重叠地粘附于固定框架形成一多层的碳纳米管薄膜结构;以及使用有机溶剂处理上述多层碳纳米管薄膜结构。
一种碳纳米管薄膜结构,包括:至少两层重叠且交叉设置的碳纳米管薄膜,该碳纳米管薄膜包括多个首尾相连且定向排列的碳纳米管束,该多层碳纳米管薄膜结构进一步包括由多个碳纳米管束形成的微孔。
相较于现有技术,所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,利用从一碳纳米管阵列中直接拉出的多个碳纳米管薄膜重叠设置,并经由一有机溶剂处理形成,简单易行。所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构中包括多层定向排列的多个碳纳米管束,其中,每层碳纳米管薄膜中碳纳米管束首尾相连,多层碳纳米管薄膜中的碳纳米管束形成微孔结构。该碳纳米管薄膜表面体积比小,无粘性,且具有良好的机械强度及韧性,能方便地应用于宏观领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法的流程示意图。
图2为本发明实施例获得的两层碳纳米管薄膜结构部分使用乙醇处理后的扫描电镜照片。
图3为本发明实施例获得的四层碳纳米管薄膜结构部分使用乙醇处理后的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参阅图1,本发明实施例碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法主要包括以下几个步骤:
步骤一:提供一碳纳米管阵列,优选地,该阵列为超顺排碳纳米管阵列。
本实施例中,超顺排碳纳米管阵列的制备方法采用化学气相沉积法,其具体步骤包括:(a)提供一平整基底,该基底可选用P型或N型硅基底,或选用形成有氧化层的硅基底,本实施例优选为采用4英寸的硅基底;(b)在基底表面均匀形成一催化剂层,该催化剂层材料可选用铁(Fe)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)或其任意组合的合金之一;(c)将上述形成有催化剂层的基底在700~900℃的空气中退火约30分钟~90分钟;(d)将处理过的基底置于反应炉中,在保护气体环境下加热到500~740℃,然后通入碳源气体反应约5~30分钟,生长得到超顺排碳纳米管阵列,其高度为200~400微米。该超顺排碳纳米管阵列为多个彼此平行且垂直于基底生长的碳纳米管形成的纯碳纳米管阵列。通过上述控制生长条件,该超顺排碳纳米管阵列中基本不含有杂质,如无定型碳或残留的催化剂金属颗粒等。该碳纳米管阵列中的碳纳米管彼此通过范德华力紧密接触形成阵列。
本实施例中碳源气可选用乙炔等化学性质较活泼的碳氢化合物,保护气体可选用氮气、氨气或惰性气体。
步骤二:采用一拉伸工具从碳纳米管阵列中拉取获得一第一碳纳米管薄膜。其具体包括以下步骤:(a)从上述碳纳米管阵列中选定一定宽度的多个碳纳米管片断,本实施例优选为采用具有一定宽度的胶带接触碳纳米管阵列以选定一定宽度的多个碳纳米管片断;(b)以一定速度沿基本垂直于碳纳米管阵列生长方向拉伸该多个碳纳米管片断,以形成一连续的第一碳纳米管薄膜。
在上述拉伸过程中,该多个碳纳米管片断在拉力作用下沿拉伸方向逐渐脱离基底的同时,由于范德华力作用,该选定的多个碳纳米管片断分别与其他碳纳米管片断首尾相连地连续地被拉出,从而形成一碳纳米管薄膜。该碳纳米管薄膜为定向排列的多个碳纳米管束首尾相连形成的具有一定宽度的碳纳米管薄膜。该碳纳米管薄膜中碳纳米管的排列方向基本平行于碳纳米管薄膜的拉伸方向。
本实施例中,该第一碳纳米管薄膜的宽度与碳纳米管阵列所生长的基底的尺寸有关,该第一碳纳米管薄膜的长度不限,可根据实际需求制得。本实施例中采用4英寸的基底生长超顺排碳纳米管阵列,该第一碳纳米管薄膜的宽度可为1cm~10cm,该第一碳纳米管薄膜的厚度为0.01~100微米。
步骤三:提供一固定框架,将上述第一碳纳米管薄膜沿第一方向粘附于固定框架,并去除固定框架外的多余的碳纳米管薄膜。
本实施例中,该固定框架为一方形的金属框架,用于固定碳纳米管薄膜,其材质不限。该固定框架的大小可依据实际需求确定,当固定框架的宽度大于上述第一碳纳米管薄膜的宽度时,可将多个上述第一碳纳米管薄膜并排覆盖并粘附在固定框架上。
由于本实施例步骤一中提供的超顺排碳纳米管阵列中的碳纳米管非常纯净,且由于碳纳米管本身的比表面积非常大,所以该第一碳纳米管薄膜本身具有较强的粘性。步骤三中该第一碳纳米管薄膜可利用其本身的粘性直接粘附于固定框架,使该第一碳纳米管薄膜的四周通过固定框架固定,该第一碳纳米管薄膜的中间部分悬空。
步骤四:按照与步骤二相同的方法获得一第二碳纳米管薄膜,将该第二碳纳米管薄膜沿第二方向粘附于上述固定框架,并覆盖上述第一碳纳米管薄膜形成一两层的碳纳米管薄膜结构。
该第一碳纳米管薄膜和第二碳纳米管薄膜之间由于范德华力紧密连接形成稳定的两层碳纳米管薄膜结构。且,该第二方向与第一方向之间形成一夹角α,0°<α≤90°,优选地,相邻的薄膜之间的夹角α为90°。
进一步地,本实施例可类似地将一具有与上述碳纳米管薄膜相同结构的第三碳纳米管薄膜或更多层的碳纳米管薄膜依次覆盖于上述第二碳纳米管薄膜,进而形成多层的碳纳米管薄膜结构。该碳纳米管薄膜结构的层数不限,具体可依据实际需求制备。
步骤五:使用有机溶剂处理上述多层碳纳米管薄膜。
可通过试管将有机溶剂滴落在碳纳米管薄膜表面浸润整个碳纳米管薄膜,或者,也可将上述形成有碳纳米管薄膜的固定框架整个浸入盛有有机溶剂的容器中浸润。该有机溶剂为挥发性有机溶剂,如乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、二氯乙烷或氯仿,本实施例中采用乙醇。该多层碳纳米管薄膜经有机溶剂浸润处理后,在挥发性有机溶剂的表面张力的作用下,碳纳米管薄膜中的平行的碳纳米管片断会部分聚集成碳纳米管束,因此,该碳纳米管薄膜表面体积比小,无粘性,且具有良好的机械强度及韧性,能方便地应用于宏观领域。另外,该碳纳米管薄膜中碳纳米管聚集成束,使得该碳纳米管薄膜中平行的碳纳米管束之间基本相互间隔,且多层碳纳米管薄膜中的碳纳米管束交叉排列形成微孔结构。因此,该碳纳米管薄膜可用于滤膜、锂电池电极等结构。另外,由于碳纳米管具有极佳的导电性能,本实施例碳纳米管薄膜结构中采用首尾相连的碳纳米管束交叉排列形成导电网络,因此也可应用于电磁屏蔽。
本技术领域技术人员应明白,本实施例碳纳米管薄膜结构中的微孔结构与碳纳米管薄膜的层数有关,当层数越多时,所形成的微孔结构的孔径越小。另外,本实施例还可利用将多层碳纳米管薄膜部分堆叠形成具有任意宽度和长度的碳纳米管薄膜结构,不受本实施例上述方法从碳纳米管阵列直接拉出的碳纳米管薄膜的宽度限制。
请参阅图2,本实施例依照上述方法将两层碳纳米管薄膜以90°角重叠形成的碳纳米管薄膜结构,每一层碳纳米管薄膜中的碳纳米管均定向排列,两碳纳米管薄膜之间通过范德华力结合。进一步地,将上述获得的两层结构的碳纳米管薄膜部分使用乙醇处理后,在表面张力的作用下,处理后的部分该碳纳米管薄膜中的碳纳米管聚集成束,使得该碳纳米管薄膜中碳纳米管束之间的空隙变大,该碳纳米管束交叉形成多个微孔结构,其中微孔直径为10纳米~10微米。
请参阅图3,本实施例依照上述方法将四层碳纳米管薄膜重叠形成的碳纳米管薄膜结构,每一层碳纳米管薄膜中的碳纳米管均定向排列,相邻两碳纳米管薄膜中的碳纳米管形成90°夹角。进一步地,请将上述获得的四层结构的碳纳米管薄膜部分使用乙醇处理后,在表面张力的作用下,处理后的部分该碳纳米管薄膜中的碳纳米管聚集成束,使得该碳纳米管薄膜中碳纳米管束之间的空隙变大,该碳纳米管束交叉形成多个微孔结构,其中微孔直径为1纳米~1微米。
另外,本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内做其他变化,当然,这些依据本发明精神所做的变化,都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。
Claims (14)
1. 一种碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供一碳纳米管阵列;
采用一拉伸工具从碳纳米管阵列中拉取获得至少两碳纳米管薄膜;
提供一固定框架,将上述碳纳米管薄膜重叠地粘附于固定框架形成一多层的碳纳米管薄膜结构;以及
使用有机溶剂处理上述多层碳纳米管薄膜结构。
2. 如权利要求1所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其特征在于,该碳纳米管薄膜包括多个定向排列的连续的碳纳米管束。
3. 如权利要求2所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其特征在于,该多个碳纳米管束具有相等的长度且通过范德华力首尾相连形成连续的碳纳米管束。
4. 如权利要求1所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其特征在于,该多个碳纳米管薄膜沿相同方向重叠地粘附于固定框架。
5. 如权利要求1所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其特征在于,该多个碳纳米管薄膜分别沿不同方向重叠地粘附于固定框架。
6. 如权利要求1所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其特征在于,该有机溶剂为乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、二氯乙烷或氯仿。
7. 如权利要求1所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其特征在于,上述从碳纳米管阵列拉取获得碳纳米管薄膜的方法包括以下步骤:
从上述碳纳米管阵列中选定一定宽度的多个碳纳米管片断;以及
以一定速度沿基本垂直于碳纳米管阵列生长方向拉伸该多个碳纳米管片断,以形成一连续的碳纳米管薄膜。
8. 如权利要求1所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其特征在于,上述使用有机溶剂处理碳纳米管薄膜的方法包括通过试管将有机溶剂滴落在碳纳米管薄膜表面浸润整个碳纳米管薄膜,或将上述形成有碳纳米管薄膜的固定框架整个浸入盛有有机溶剂的容器中浸润。
9. 如权利要求1所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构的制备方法,其特征在于,上述碳纳米管阵列的制备方法包括以下步骤:
提供一平整基底;
在基底表面均匀形成一催化剂层;
将上述形成有催化剂层的基底在700~900℃的空气中退火约30分钟~90分钟;以及
将处理过的基底置于反应炉中,在保护气体环境下加热到500~740℃,然后通入碳源气反应约5~30分钟,生长得到高度为200~400微米的碳纳米管阵列。
10. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法制备的碳纳米管薄膜结构,其特征在于包括:至少两层重叠且交叉设置的碳纳米管薄膜,该碳纳米管薄膜包括多个首尾相连且定向排列的碳纳米管束,该多层碳纳米管薄膜结构进一步包括由多个碳纳米管束形成的微孔。
11. 如权利要求10所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构,其特征在于,该微孔大小为100~500目。
12. 如权利要求10所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构,其特征在于,相邻的两层碳纳米管薄膜中的碳纳米管束形成一夹角α。
13. 如权利要求12所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构,其特征在于,0°<α≤90°。
14. 如权利要求10所述的碳纳米管薄膜结构,其特征在于,相邻碳纳米管束之间通过范德华力连接。
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