WO2013108408A1 - 接合材およびそれを用いた接合方法 - Google Patents
接合材およびそれを用いた接合方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013108408A1 WO2013108408A1 PCT/JP2012/051277 JP2012051277W WO2013108408A1 WO 2013108408 A1 WO2013108408 A1 WO 2013108408A1 JP 2012051277 W JP2012051277 W JP 2012051277W WO 2013108408 A1 WO2013108408 A1 WO 2013108408A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bonding
- boiling point
- silver particles
- bonding material
- solvent
- Prior art date
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- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/203—Fluxing, i.e. applying flux onto surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bonding material and a bonding method using the bonding material, in particular, a method using nano silver particles for metal-to-metal bonding.
- Metals are known to exhibit size-specific physical properties when the particle size is reduced.
- nano-order particles may exhibit different properties from the bulk material. Utilizing such properties, bonding materials between different substances using nano metal particles have been proposed.
- the temperature at which the joint is exposed during operation may be close to the melting point of the solder.
- a bonding material having a higher melting point is required.
- using a brazing material having a high melting point makes the joining method difficult.
- the atmosphere for forming the joined body is an oxidizing atmosphere containing oxygen such as at least in the air.
- oxygen such as at least in the air.
- the influence of oxygen on the bonded portion becomes significant.
- bonding may be performed in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen.
- Patent Document 1 a three-metal component-type composite nanometal paste containing three kinds of metal component particles of large, medium, and small sizes having a specific size relationship, and having composite nanometal particles as small particles in particular in an inert gas. It is disclosed that a dense metal bonding layer having a high bonding strength of 10 MPa or more is formed by sintering under pressure.
- JP 2011-21255 A International Publication WO2011 / 007402
- the inventors diligently studied these problems, and even when the silver content is increased, they can be uniformly applied to the joint surface, and by forming a dense joint layer, they can withstand repeated heat shocks.
- the bonding material of the present invention is: As the main silver particles, Nano silver particles coated with an organic substance having 6 or less carbon atoms and having an average primary particle size of 10 to 30 nm, As secondary silver particles, Nano silver particles coated with an organic substance having 6 or less carbon atoms and having an average primary particle size of 100 to 200 nm, It contains two types of solvents having different boiling points and a dispersant.
- the total of the solvent and the dispersant is 5% by mass or less based on the total amount of the bonding material.
- the bonding material of the present invention is The organic substance having 6 or less carbon atoms that coats the main silver particles is hexanoic acid.
- the dispersant has a phosphate group.
- the sub-silver particles further include sub-micron silver particles having an average primary particle size of 0.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the main silver particles may be 10 to 40% by mass with respect to the total amount of bonding material.
- the bonding material of the present invention is Among the two types of solvents, the content ratio of the solvent having a low boiling point and the solvent having a high boiling point is 3: 5 to 1: 1.
- the solvent having a lower boiling point is at least one solvent selected from butanol, octanol, ⁇ -pinene, xylene, and acetylacetone
- the solvent having a higher boiling point is at least dodecanol, 2-ethyl-1 , 3-hexanediol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dibutyl diglycol, hexyl diglycol, 2 ethylhexyl diglycol, and isobornylcyclohexanol.
- the joining method of the present invention comprises: A step of applying the above-mentioned bonding material to a bonding scheduled surface of the material to be bonded; A first heating step of holding the bonding scheduled surfaces for 30 to 60 minutes in an environment of 80 to 120 ° C. without applying pressure; The method includes a second heating step of holding the material to be bonded in an environment of 250 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes.
- the bonding material applied between the materials to be bonded is baked without voids or unevenness.
- the content of silver particles in the bonding material can be increased to 95% or more by mass ratio, a bonding metal paste (bonding material) that can sufficiently maintain bonding strength can be obtained. Even if the materials to be bonded bonded by the bonding material of the present invention and the bonding method are repeatedly exposed to heat shock after bonding, the bonded surfaces do not peel off. Therefore, highly reliable joining can be performed.
- the nano silver particles used in the present invention are nano silver particles having an average primary particle diameter calculated from a transmission electron micrograph of 10 to 30 nm, preferably 15 to 25 nm, as main silver particles. Further, nano silver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 100 to 200 nm are used as the secondary silver particles. By employing nano silver particles having such a particle size, it is possible to provide a bonding paste that can easily cope with the bonding object and bonding conditions.
- nano silver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm, preferably 15 to 25 nm, which are main silver particles allows the silver particles to be sintered at a lower temperature as the finer the particles.
- the main silver particle alone is characterized by shrinkage during sintering. If it shrinks greatly during sintering, stress accumulates in the bonding layer, causing peeling of the bonding surface. Shrinkage during sintering decreases as the particle size increases. However, when the particle size is increased, the characteristic of low-temperature sintering unique to nanosilver particles is impaired.
- nano silver particles having a particle size range of 100 to 200 nm were contained as sub-silver particles.
- the disadvantages of the main silver particles were compensated, and composite particles having the advantages of both the main silver particles and the sub-silver particles could be obtained.
- nano silver particles have a very high activity on the surface of the particles, if the surface of the nano silver particles is exposed, adjacent particles may sinter or oxidize in the air.
- an organic substance such as an organic compound
- oxidation and sintering are suppressed, and the particles can be stored in a stable state independently.
- the molecular weight of the organic compound to be coated becomes too large, it becomes difficult to decompose or evaporate even when heated somewhat when used as a bonding material. Since the bonding material forms a bonding layer at the bonding interface, if organic matter or carbon that has been burnt in the bonding layer remains, it causes a decrease in bonding strength. Therefore, in order to easily remove carbon, it is preferable to use one having a small number of carbon atoms.
- covers the surface of these nano silver particles needs to have a moderate molecular weight. That is, the organic substance that coats the surface of the nanosilver particles has a molecular weight that is easy to handle, and needs to be a moderately short molecular chain in order to obtain low-temperature sinterability.
- the organic substance constituting the surface of the nano silver particles is carboxylic acid.
- the bond form of the carboxylic acid at this time may be saturated or unsaturated.
- the organic substance may have a double or triple bond, and may have an aromatic ring in the structure.
- the bonding strength is increased by using nano silver particles coated with unsaturated fatty acids.
- carboxylic acids having about 6 or less carbon atoms are preferred.
- the organic substance having 6 or less carbon atoms covering the main silver particles is hexanoic acid among carboxylic acids, the bonding strength can be further increased.
- nano silver particles coated with one kind of organic substance may be mixed and used.
- nano silver particles coated with a saturated fatty acid on the surface and nano silver particles coated with an unsaturated fatty acid on the surface may be mixed and used.
- the bonding material of the present invention is also preferably configured to disperse nano silver particles in a polar solvent and impart fluidity.
- the advantage of using a polar solvent is that it has a lower vapor pressure and is suitable for handling at the same temperature compared to nonpolar solvents.
- the sub-silver particles may contain sub-micron order silver particles (hereinafter referred to as “sub-micron silver particles”).
- submicron silver particles silver particles having an average primary particle size of 0.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m are used. Calculation of the average primary particle diameter in this specification was performed based on the laser diffraction method according to the following procedure.
- 0.3 g of a silver particle sample was placed in 50 mL of isopropyl alcohol and dispersed for 5 minutes with an ultrasonic cleaner with an output of 50 W, and then laser diffraction was performed with a microtrack particle size distribution analyzer (Honeywell-Nikkiso 9320-X100)
- the value of D 50 (cumulative 50% by mass particle size) when measured by the method was defined as the average primary particle size of the submicron silver particles.
- the average primary particle size of the submicron silver particles at this time is in the range of 0.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m (300 to 3000 nm), preferably 0.5 to 2.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m. By using these particles together, it becomes possible to provide a bonded body having a high bonding force.
- main silver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm, preferably 15 to 25 nm, and an average primary particle diameter of 100 to 200 nm described above are used. Nano silver particles composed of sub-silver particles are likely to be mixed in the gaps between the sub-micron silver particles.
- the nano silver particles can be sintered to increase the bonding strength.
- the surface of the submicron silver particles may be coated with an organic substance for improving dispersibility.
- the effect of the present invention is not reduced, so the type of organic matter is not limited.
- the polymer is formed by polymerization because it is difficult to decompose.
- the solvent having a lower boiling point (hereinafter also referred to as “low boiling solvent”) and the solvent having a higher boiling point (hereinafter also referred to as “high boiling solvent”) are both dispersion media.
- the expression of the one with a low boiling point and the one with a high boiling point is a designation which distinguishes two types of solvents, Comprising: Each is a solvent which has a boiling point of the temperature range mentioned later.
- the dispersion medium is mainly a polar solvent. Nano silver particles and submicron silver particles are dispersed in this polar solvent.
- a polar solvent water or an organic solvent having a polar group can be used for a low boiling point solvent, and an organic solvent having a polar group can be used for a high boiling point solvent.
- the mass ratio of silver in the bonding material is preferably set as follows.
- the mass ratio of the main silver particles composed of nanosilver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm, preferably 15 to 25 nm, is 10 to 40% by mass with respect to the total amount of bonding material.
- the balance is sub-silver particles composed of nanosilver particles having an average primary particle size of 100 to 200 nm, or nanosilver particles having an average primary particle size of 100 to 200 nm and sub-particles having an average primary particle size of 0.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- Sub-silver particles composed of micron silver particles are used.
- the nano silver particles as the main silver particles are filled in the voids of the sub silver particles.
- a composite effect capable of increasing the strength while having the characteristics of nanosilver that the sintering is promoted at a low temperature is preferable.
- Nano silver particles have the property of easily aggregating.
- the silver concentration in the bonding material is a high silver concentration exceeding 95% by mass
- the dispersing agent used at this time eliminates an adverse effect on the bonding strength, a material that is easily decomposed by heat or has a small amount of ignition residue can be suitably used.
- the addition ratio of the dispersant is preferably 5% by mass or less of the total amount of the dispersant and the solvent in combination with the solvent. Some dispersants are effective and others are not. The inventors of the present application have confirmed at this stage that a dispersant containing phosphorus is effective.
- the bonding material of the present invention is mainly provided in a paste form. This is because application to the joint is easier when the viscosity is appropriate. Further, according to the study by the present inventors, it is possible to form a stronger bonded body by adjusting the viscosity. From these examination results, the bonding material of the present invention is finally 10 to 250 Pa ⁇ s (value at 25 ° C., 5 rpm, C (cone): 35/2) at room temperature, preferably 100 Pa ⁇ s or less, more preferably Provided with a viscosity of 50 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- nano silver particles to which a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 6 or less carbon atoms, particularly a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof is attached or bonded are used.
- the nanosilver particles coated with an organic substance the nanosilver particles can be stably present without agglomeration during drying or dispersion in a polar solvent.
- Saturated or unsaturated organic substances having 6 or less carbon atoms function as a protective agent for nano silver particles.
- This protective agent adheres to the surface of nano silver particles and has an effect of inhibiting fusion between the particles and obtaining stable nano silver particles.
- relatively short linear fatty acids are preferred.
- the length is particularly preferably about as long as hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and adipic acid.
- the particles are coated with such an organic compound, for example, particles coated with hexanoic acid or sorbic acid, nano silver particles can be obtained in a powder state. Therefore, storage stability and handling are easy even when added to other nanoparticles. For these reasons, hexanoic acid is preferable as the organic material covering the main silver particles.
- a method for producing nano silver particles used in the present invention will be described.
- a liquid preparation step for adjusting the raw material solution and the reducing solution a temperature raising step for increasing the temperature
- a reaction step for adding the raw material solution to the reducing solution and advancing the reaction to obtain nano silver particles An aging step for growing silver particles in the liquid, a washing step for removing excess organic compound by repeating filtration, washing with water, and dispersion, and a drying step for removing water in the liquid by drying are performed.
- the reducing liquid preparation step, the reaction step, and the washing step are performed as follows.
- the reducing solution used in the preparation step of the reducing solution includes water, aqueous ammonia, hexanoic acid (or sorbic acid or the like) that is an organic compound, and a hydrazine hydrated aqueous solution.
- a metal salt, particularly a nitrate aqueous solution is added to the reducing solution and reacted with the reducing solution.
- the washing step the product obtained in the reaction step is washed with water.
- the nano silver particles are stably present even in the polar solvent, and the average primary particle diameter is 10 to 30 nm, preferably 15 to 25 nm nano silver particles and the average primary particle diameter is 100 to 200 nm.
- Nano-silver particles can be obtained.
- the ammonia water included in the reducing solution is added to dissolve the acid in the water.
- the reaction solution in the reaction tank is preferably heated to a temperature in the range of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. for reaction.
- a temperature in the range of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. for reaction.
- it is less than 40 degreeC, since the supersaturation degree of silver will raise and nucleation will be accelerated
- the temperature exceeds 80 ° C., nucleation is suppressed, but it becomes difficult to control the particle growth, so that large particles and small particles are randomly present, which is also not preferable.
- a metal salt aqueous solution such as nitrate
- the solution becomes heterogeneous, and nucleation and particle aggregation occur simultaneously.
- the reaction factor such as the concentration, pH, or temperature of the reducing agent or protective agent (organic compound, etc.) does not substantially change depending on the addition time of the aqueous metal salt solution such as nitrate.
- the method of “adding all at once” is not particularly limited as long as a uniform reaction in the solution can be realized.
- Cu may be present together for the purpose of adjusting the particle form.
- the hydrazine hydrate in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce a metal as a reducing agent.
- Reducing agents other than hydrazine hydrate specifically, hydrazine, alkali borohydride (NaBH 4 etc.), lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4 ), ascorbic acid, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary A secondary amine can also be used in combination.
- the dispersion means a state in which fine particles are stably present in a polar solvent, and as a result of standing, a part of the fine particles may be precipitated. Further, a dispersing agent is added to the dispersion so that the nano silver particles are easily dispersed.
- nanosilver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm, preferably 15 to 25 nm, and nanosilver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 100 to 200 nm are dispersed in a polar solvent together with the dispersant.
- a composition is obtained.
- the method for producing nanosilver particles of the present invention and the method for producing a composition containing the same described above, it is preferable to use a reaction vessel having a shape and a structure capable of obtaining uniform stirring. This is because the nanosilver particles according to the present invention have a very small size of the particles to be obtained, and therefore the local concentration and pH distribution greatly affect the particle size distribution.
- a reducing liquid in which a reducing substance (reducing agent) is dissolved
- a raw material liquid in which a silver salt as a raw material is dissolved
- the reducing solution is obtained by dissolving the above-described reducing agent in pure water, adding an organic compound serving as a protective agent and ammonia water as a stabilizer, and mixing until uniform.
- the raw material liquid can be obtained by dissolving silver salt crystals in pure water. The order of addition may be changed so that the protective agent is easily dissolved. Moreover, you may heat at temperature lower than a reaction process so that melt
- each liquid After preparing each liquid, each liquid is heated using a water bath or a heater, and it raises to reaction temperature. At this time, if the reducing liquid and the raw material liquid are heated in the same manner and the temperature difference between the two liquids is eliminated, it is possible to prevent a problem that mixing cannot be performed at once due to convection caused by the temperature difference. Further, there is an effect of preventing non-uniform reaction caused by a difference in temperature, and it is preferable because the uniformity of particles can be maintained.
- the target temperature to be raised (later reaction temperature) is in the range of 40 to 80 ° C.
- ⁇ Washing process> The obtained slurry is washed by repeating a known solid-liquid separation method.
- a method using a filter press a method of performing solid-liquid separation by forcibly sedimenting particles using a centrifugal separator, or the like can be used.
- centrifugation when using centrifugation, follow the procedure below. First, it is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes. Next, after the solid-liquid separation, the supernatant is discarded, pure water is added, and the mixture is dispersed with an ultrasonic disperser for 10 minutes. By repeating the steps of centrifugation, supernatant disposal, addition of pure water, and ultrasonic dispersion several times, excess organic compounds adhering to the particles are removed to form a washing step. At this time, the conductivity of the supernatant or discharged water can be measured to confirm the quality of cleaning.
- ⁇ Drying process> The solid (cake form) obtained in this way is powdered through a drying process. In this way, the nanoparticles can be stored in a stable form for a long time. For the drying at this time, a method using freeze drying or vacuum drying or a known drying method can be employed.
- the drying process is carried out for a long time at a temperature not higher than the decomposition temperature of the organic compound covering the particle surface.
- the drying time is 12 hours or more in the atmosphere at a temperature of 60 ° C.
- silver particles can be used as the submicron-order silver particles.
- the submicron order silver particles produced using the method described in Japanese Patent No. 4025839 concerning the present applicant can be used.
- ⁇ Paste> Submicron silver particles and nano silver particle clusters obtained using the method as described above are added to a polar solvent (dispersion medium) to prepare a paste (dispersion).
- a polar solvent dispersion medium
- two kinds of solvents, a low boiling point solvent and a high boiling point solvent are necessarily added to the dispersion medium as the polar solvent.
- the content ratio of the solvent having the lower boiling point to the solvent having the higher boiling point is preferably 3: 5 to 1: 1.
- any polar solvent that has a boiling point of 100 to 217 ° C. and can be used as the solvent of the present invention such as water, alcohol, polyol, glycol ether, and other organic compounds, is appropriately used. You can choose.
- the low boiling point solvent include, for example, pyridine (boiling point 115.2 ° C), ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (boiling point 145 ° C), methoxypropyl acetate (boiling point 146 ° C), ethyl lactate (boiling point 151 to 155 ° C), Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (boiling point 156 ° C.), methoxybutyl acetate (boiling point 171 ° C.), 1-methylpyrrolidinone (boiling point 202 ° C.), ⁇ -butyrolactone (boiling point 204 ° C.), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (boiling point 217.4 ° C), butanol (boiling point 100 ° C), isobutanol (boiling point 108 ° C), pentanol (boiling
- butanol (boiling point 100 ° C.), acetylacetone (boiling point 140 ° C.), xylene (boiling point 140 ° C.), ⁇ -pinene (boiling point 155) And one or more solvents selected from octanol (1-octanol) (boiling point 194 to 195 ° C.).
- any polar solvent that can be used as the solvent of the present invention such as alcohol, polyol, glycol ether, and other organic compounds having a boiling point of 230 to 320 ° C. can be appropriately selected. .
- the high boiling point solvent include, for example, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (manufactured by Sankyo Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: butyl carbitol) (boiling point 230.6 ° C.), phenoxypropanol (boiling point 243 ° C.), texanol (boiling point 255 to 260 ° C), 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (manufactured by Kyowa Hakko Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: octanediol) (boiling point 244 ° C), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc., product) Name: butyl carbitol acetate (BCA) (boiling point 247 ° C.), dibutyl diglycol (DBDG) (boiling point 254.6 ° C.), dodecanol (BCA
- 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (trade name: octanediol) (boiling point 244 ° C.), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (Brand name: butyl carbitol acetate) (BCA) (boiling point 247 ° C.), dibutyl diglycol (DBDG) (boiling point 254.6 ° C.), dodecanol (boiling point 259 ° C.), hexyl diglycol (HeDG) (boiling point 260 ° C.)
- BCA butyl carbitol acetate
- DBDG dibutyl diglycol
- HeDG hexyl diglycol
- solvents selected from 2-ethylhexyl diglycol (EHDG) (boiling point 272.0 ° C.) and isobonylcyclohexanol (trade name: Tersolve MT
- the nano silver particles of the present invention are minute, the particles are likely to aggregate. Therefore, a dispersant is added to disperse the particles.
- Any commercially available general-purpose material may be used as long as it has an affinity for the particle surface and also has an affinity for the dispersion medium. In addition to a single type, a plurality of types of dispersants may be used in combination.
- the in-plane film density of the bonding layer in which the silver particles are uniformly dispersed is uniform when the total amount of the solvent and the dispersant is about 8% by mass with respect to the total amount of the bonding material.
- a good bonding layer can be obtained.
- the bonding material in which the total amount of the solvent and the dispersing agent is 5% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the bonding material and the silver concentration is higher the dispersion force is insufficient and the silver particles are aggregated and dispersed unevenly. As a result, the bonding layer has a non-uniform in-plane film density.
- the present invention by using a dispersant having a phosphate ester group, it was possible to increase the particle density with a higher dispersibility. For this reason, the in-plane film density of the bonding layer in which the silver particles are uniformly dispersed is uniform even in the bonding material in which the total amount of the solvent and the dispersing agent is 5% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the bonding material and the silver concentration is higher. A good bonding layer was obtained and the object of the present invention could be achieved.
- Examples of the dispersant having a phosphate ester group include the following. Phosphate salt, alkyl phosphate ester, alkyl ether phosphate ester, lauryl phosphate, sodium lauryl phosphate, potassium lauryl phosphate, phosphoric acid (mono or di) alkyl salt, (mono or di) alkyl phosphate, monoalkyl Low molecular weight anionic (anionic) compounds such as phosphates (MAP) and alkyl phosphates such as dialkyl phosphates, polyester polymer dispersants having phosphate groups, alkyl polyoxyethylene phosphates Salts, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl polyethoxy phosphates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, alkylphenyl phosphates, polyoxyethylene salts, alkylphenyl ether phosphates , Alkyl phenyl polyethoxy
- the above dispersant can be suitably used since it eliminates adverse effects on bonding strength, and is easily decomposed by heat or has few ignition residues.
- a polyester polymer dispersant having a phosphate group at the terminal is preferable, and specific examples include SOLPLUS (Soluplus) D540 manufactured by Lubrizol.
- the total of the dispersant and the solvent is preferably 5% by mass or less based on the total amount of the bonding material. If the addition amount is less than 0.1% by mass, the addition effect is not obtained, and the nanoparticles aggregate in the solution, which is not preferable. If the amount is more than 5% by mass, the content of silver particles in the bonding material is less than 95% by mass, and the amount of silver particles necessary to achieve the object of the present invention cannot be added. 5% by mass is appropriate.
- an appropriate mechanical dispersion treatment can be used when preparing a bonding material using a dispersant. Any known method can be employed under the condition that the mechanical dispersion treatment does not involve significant modification of particles. Specific examples include ultrasonic dispersion, a disper, a three-roll mill, a ball mill, a bead mill, a twin-screw kneader, and a self-revolving stirrer, and these can be used alone or in combination.
- a bonding material is applied to the bonding portion with a thickness of about 20 to 200 ⁇ m by various printing methods such as a metal mask, a dispenser, or a screen printing method.
- the bonding material of the present invention becomes silver having the same melting point as that of the bulk after sintering, so that it is not necessary to make the bonding interface thin. This is because the bonding layer has a hardness equal to or higher than that of bulk silver.
- the bonding material of the present invention is coated or bonded with the organic compound on the surface of the nano silver particles, gas is generated when these organic compounds are desorbed or decomposed.
- the joining process when the joining material of the present invention is used is shown below.
- the bonding material is uniformly applied to the bonding surfaces between the bonding objects.
- the thin film layer for improving the wettability with this joining material may be formed in the surface of a joining target object.
- the thin film layer can also be formed by, for example, plating, vapor deposition, or sputtering.
- This bulk bonding layer exhibits high adhesion and bonding strength.
- high adhesion and bonding strength can be exhibited in spite of this non-pressurized bonding without pressure.
- the gas generated in the bonding material due to pressure cannot be expelled as described above, and the density of the silver film in the bonding surface of the bonding layer due to the generation of residual stress due to pressurelessness. Tends to be non-uniform.
- the first heating step is performed. This is a preheating step for the purpose of evaporating the solvent of the paste-like bonding material.
- the organic compound on the surface of the nanosilver particles may be decomposed and sintered, so that it is preferable to set the decomposition temperature or lower.
- the decomposition temperature itself of an organic compound can be easily confirmed by TG (Thermogravimetry) measurement, it is desirable to measure the decomposition temperature in advance.
- heating is performed at a temperature lower than the sintering temperature of the silver particles. Specifically, it is preferably performed in an environment of 80 to 120 ° C.
- the holding time is 30 to 60 minutes. In the first heating process, no pressure is applied and no pressure is applied.
- the solvent is composed of two types of solvents having different boiling points.
- the bonding material thus prepared is pre-dried at a temperature at which the nano silver particles are not sintered (around 100 ° C.). By this preliminary drying, the low boiling point solvent slowly evaporates and escapes from the bonding material.
- the high boiling point solvent still exists, the volume of vehicle components (dispersant and solvent) contained in the bonding material can be maintained even when the low boiling point solvent escapes from the bonding material. Is smaller and the distance between particles is reduced, so that formation of voids is suppressed.
- the main firing step heating is performed at a temperature higher than the sintering temperature of silver.
- the temperature at this time is sufficient to evaporate the high boiling point solvent.
- the high boiling point solvent evaporates from the side surface of the joint portion, but the solvent moves from the center portion of the joint surface toward the end of the joint surface, so that the solvent is lost from the center of the joint surface.
- the bonding material contains nano silver particles, the sintering proceeds and the volume decreases as the solvent escapes, and the bonding surface is slowly drawn from the center of the bonding surface toward the edge side. According to this attraction, the high-boiling point solvent can escape from the joining surface and form a joining layer without voids.
- the present invention it is not necessary to pressurize the objects to be joined at the time of joining. However, it may be fixed so that the objects to be joined do not move, or after applying the joining material, when joining the objects to be joined, they may be lightly pressed or slightly pressurized by gravity due to their own weight. These slight pressures are not called pressurization in the present invention.
- a temperature raising step may be provided from the first heating step to the main baking step which is the second heating step.
- the temperature rising rate at this time is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5 ° C./s.
- a main baking process which is a second heating process is performed.
- the temperature is maintained at 250 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes.
- the remaining high boiling point solvent is evaporated.
- image analysis software (A Image-kun (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Engineering Co., Ltd.) was used. This image analysis software identifies individual particles based on color shading. For a 300,000-fold TEM image, the “particle brightness” is “dark”, the “noise removal filter” is “present”, “ The circular particle analysis was performed under the condition that the “circular threshold” was “20” and the “overlap degree” was “50”, primary particles were measured for 200 or more particles, and the number average diameter was measured. In addition, when there were many condensed particles and irregular shaped particles in the TEM image, it was determined that measurement was impossible.
- the strength of the joining was performed according to the method described in “Lead-free solder test method, Part 5: Tensile and shear test method of solder joint” of JISZ-03918-5: 2003. In other words, this is a method of calculating the force when the bonded surface breaks while pressing the die-bonded object in the horizontal direction and resisting the pressed force.
- the test piece was performed using a 7 mm square silicon chip. In this example, the test was performed using a bond tester manufactured by DAGE. The share height was 50 ⁇ m, the test speed was 5 mm / min, and the measurement was performed at room temperature.
- the joining sample was produced using the same joining material and joining object. And the joint strength was measured by the said method, the average joint strength was computed, and it was set as the joint strength in this invention.
- TG measurement was performed on a bonding material (paste) prepared by independently adjusting a low boiling point solvent, and a bonding material (paste) prepared by mixing two types of a low boiling point solvent and a high boiling point solvent.
- the TG curve of the TG measurement result of the bonding material (paste) obtained by adjusting the low boiling point solvent alone is shown in FIG. 1, and the TG curve of the TG measurement result of the bonding material (paste) adjusted by mixing two types of high boiling point solvents is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature (° C.)
- the left vertical axis represents TG (wt%)
- the right vertical axis represents DTG ( ⁇ g / min).
- the amount of sample for measurement was about 35 mg. From room temperature to 400 ° C, the temperature was raised at a rate of 10 ° C / min in a nitrogen atmosphere. In both FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a TG differential curve (DTG curve) is also shown in order to make it easy to understand the change in the weight loss rate when the solvent escapes. It can be confirmed that the temperature at which the solvent evaporates increases with temperature in the bonding material with a single solvent (see FIG. 1).
- Nanosilver particles commonly used in this example were produced as follows. A 5 L reaction vessel was used as the reaction vessel. In addition, a stirring bar with a blade was installed at the center of the reaction tank for stirring. A thermometer for monitoring the temperature was installed in the reaction tank, and a nozzle was provided so that nitrogen could be supplied to the solution from the bottom.
- hexanoic acid manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a protective agent corresponding to a molar ratio of 1.98 with respect to silver
- 23.9 g (corresponding to 4.82 equivalents of silver) of a 50% by mass hydrazine hydrate (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) aqueous solution as a reducing agent was added to obtain a reducing agent solution.
- an aqueous silver nitrate solution prepared by dissolving 33.8 g of silver nitrate crystals (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in 180 g of water was prepared, and this was used as an aqueous silver salt solution.
- this addition amount is an amount that cannot be measured with a general-purpose weighing balance
- the addition of this copper nitrate trihydrate produces a copper nitrate trihydrate aqueous solution with a high concentration to some extent.
- the diluted solution was added so that copper would enter the target addition amount. Further, the temperature of the silver salt aqueous solution was adjusted to 60 ° C., the same as the reducing agent solution in the reaction vessel.
- the silver salt aqueous solution was added to the reducing agent solution at once and mixed to start the reduction reaction.
- the color of the slurry finished changing in about 10 seconds from the start of the reduction reaction.
- Stirring was performed continuously and aged for 10 minutes in that state. Thereafter, the stirring was stopped, solid-liquid separation by suction filtration, washing with pure water, and drying at 40 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain fine silver particle powder.
- the silver ratio in the powder at this time was calculated as 97% by mass from the confirmation test of the remaining amount by heating.
- the balance is considered to consist of hexanoic acid or its derivative.
- hexanoic acid which is a saturated fatty acid
- sorbic acid which is an unsaturated fatty acid
- the protective agent was changed to hexanoic acid to make 44.78 g of sorbic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and copper was not added.
- Obtained fine silver particle powder in the same manner as in the case of hexanoic acid.
- the silver ratio of the powder at this time was calculated as 99% by mass. The balance is thought to consist of sorbic acid or its derivatives.
- Example 1 Hexanoic acid-coated nanosilver particle powder obtained above as nanosilver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 20 nm, and sorbic acid-coated nanosilver particle powder obtained above as nanosilver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 110 nm
- 2-1C DOE Electronics
- spherical silver particle powder average particle size (D 50 ) 800 nm, and when the particles were confirmed by SEM, the particles in the field of view were each independent particles.
- octanol having a boiling point of 194 ° C.
- a bonding material was prepared by mixing hexanoic acid-coated nanosilver particles having an average primary particle size of 60 nm instead of nanosilver particles having an average primary particle size of 20 nm.
- the obtained bonding material was applied onto a solid copper material by a printing method.
- the condition at this time was a metal mask (mask thickness 50 ⁇ mt), and the metal squeegee was manually performed.
- the bonding test of the oxygen-free copper substrate and the silicon chip was performed with the bonding material of this example.
- the joining material of this invention was apply
- the oxygen-free copper substrate and the silicon chip were pre-baked and heated at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere as a first heating step. From 100 ° C. to the temperature of the second heating step (250 ° C.), the temperature is raised at a rate of 0.3 ° C./s, and when the temperature reaches 250 ° C., this is the second heating step for 1 hour.
- a firing step was performed.
- the obtained bonding layer was subjected to cross-sectional observation by SEM, evaluation of bonding strength, and evaluation of a reliability test.
- a bonding layer having a metallic luster with no uneven baking was obtained.
- Table 1 shows the state of the paste (printable viscosity), the value of the obtained bonding strength, and the like. In the table, “ ⁇ ” indicates a good state, “ ⁇ ” indicates a slightly bad state, and “ ⁇ ” indicates a bad state.
- Comparative Examples 2 to 4 A comparative example 2 in which the boiling point is 217 ° C. as a low boiling point solvent is changed to terpineol (mixed structural isomers / manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), a comparative example 3 in which no low boiling point solvent is used, and a high boiling point solvent. Comparative Example 4, which was not present, was prepared in the same manner as Example 1 except that it was blended under the conditions shown in Table 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 shows that when the boiling point of the low boiling point solvent is 217 ° C. or higher, the strength is greatly reduced.
- Comparative Example 3 it can be seen that since the low boiling point solvent is not contained in the bonding material, the viscosity of the paste is significantly increased and it cannot be used as a printable bonding material.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 are compared, it can be seen that when no high boiling point solvent is contained, the strength is low and voids are also generated.
- Example 5 It was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersant was not blended and the blending was performed under the conditions shown in Table 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1. The silver particles aggregated and hardened, and the paste itself could not be formed.
- Example 6 It was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was blended under the conditions shown in Table 1 so that the total amount of the solvent and the dispersant was 7% by mass (silver particle content was 93% by mass). The obtained results are also shown in Table 1. When the total amount of the solvent and the dispersant exceeds 5% by mass with respect to all the bonding materials, that is, when the silver particle content is not 95% by mass or more, the paste state is good and the void Although it did not occur, it can be seen that the strength is considerably low.
- Example 7 Example 1 except that polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylic acid (Bulite LCA-H manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) was added as a dispersant having a carboxyl group, and blended under the conditions shown in Table 1. It produced similarly. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1. Since the dispersant does not have a phosphate ester group, it can be seen that the dispersibility is insufficient when the silver concentration is increased, and the paste state has a viscosity that makes printing difficult and cannot be used as a printable bonding material.
- polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylic acid Bulite LCA-H manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.
- Example 8 A nanosilver particle having an average primary particle size of 20 nm was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compounding amount was 5% by mass and 45% by mass under the conditions shown in Table 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
- the compounding amount of the 20 nm nano silver particles is 5 mass% (Comparative Example 8)
- the paste is good, but the action of good nano silver bonding is insufficient and the strength is lowered.
- the blending amount of the 20 nm nano silver particles is 45% by mass
- the disadvantage that the strength of the nano silver is insufficient is conspicuous, and the amount of the sub silver particles having a large particle size is decreased and the strength is reduced. It can be seen that the viscosity becomes difficult to print due to the shortage of the ink and cannot be used as a printable bonding material.
- Example 2 Comparative Examples 10 and 11
- Comparative Example 10 in which the ratio of the amount of the low boiling point solvent is more than half, the paste state is good and no void is generated, but the strength of the high boiling point solvent is decreased, so that the strength is decreased.
- Example 3 As a use example of a different high boiling point solvent, a bonding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hexyl diglycol (HeDG) having a boiling point of 260 ° C. was used. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1. The paste state, the occurrence of voids, the initial bonding strength, and the reliability strength were all good results as in Example 1.
- HeDG hexyl diglycol
- the bonding material according to the present invention is a non-insulated semiconductor device, application to bare chip mounting assembly technology, power device (rectifier diode, power transistor, power MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor, thyristor, gate turn-off thyrist, triac bonding) It can also be applied to processes, and can also be used as a bonding material on glass whose surface is chrome-treated, and can also be used as a bonding material for electrodes and frames of lighting devices using LEDs.
- power device rectififier diode, power transistor, power MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor, thyristor, gate turn-off thyrist, triac bonding
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Abstract
Description
主銀粒子として、
炭素数6以下の有機物で被覆され、平均一次粒子径が10~30nmのナノ銀粒子と、
副銀粒子として、
炭素数6以下の有機物で被覆され、平均一次粒子径が100~200nmのナノ銀粒子と、
沸点の異なる2種類の溶媒と、分散剤を含むことを特徴とする。
前記溶媒と、前記分散剤の合計は、全接合材量に対して5質量%以下であることを特徴とする。
前記主銀粒子を被覆する前記炭素数6以下の有機物がヘキサン酸であることを特徴とする。
前記分散剤は、リン酸エステル基を有することを特徴とする。
前記副銀粒子は、さらに、平均一次粒子径が0.3~3.0μmのサブミクロン銀粒子が含まれることを特徴とする。
前記主銀粒子は、全接合材量に対して10乃至40質量%であることを特徴とする。
前記2種類の溶媒のうち、沸点の低い溶媒と、沸点の高い溶媒の含有比率は、3:5乃至1:1であることを特徴とする。
前記沸点の低い方の溶媒は、少なくともブタノール、オクタノール、α-ピネン、キシレン、アセチルアセトンの中から選ばれる1種以上の溶媒であり
前記沸点の高い方の溶媒は、少なくともドデカノール、2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオール、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジブチルジグリコール、ヘキシルジグリコール、2エチルヘキシルジグリコール、イソボニルシクロヘキサノールの中から選ばれる1種以上の溶媒であることを特徴とする。
上記の接合材を被接合材料の接合予定面に塗布する工程と、
前記接合予定面間を加圧することなく80~120℃の環境下で30~60分保持する第1の加熱工程と、
前記被接合材料を250℃の環境下で30~60分保持する第2の加熱工程を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明に用いる接合材は、炭素数6以下の飽和あるいは不飽和の脂肪酸、とりわけカルボン酸もしくはその誘導体が付着、あるいは結合したナノ銀粒子を用いる。ナノ銀粒子の表面を有機物で被覆された構成にすることで、乾燥時や極性溶媒への分散時にナノ銀粒子が凝集せずに安定して存在することができる。
本工程では、液を二種用意する。一方は還元性を有する物質(還元剤)を溶解させた液I(後には還元液と称する)であり、もう一方は原料である銀塩が溶解された液II(後には原料液と称する)である。還元液は、上述の還元剤を純水に溶解させるとともに、保護剤となる有機化合物および安定化剤のアンモニア水をそれぞれ添加し、均一になるまで混合することによって得る。また、原料液は銀塩の結晶を純水に溶解させることによって得られる。なお、保護剤が溶解しやすいように、添加順を前後させてもよい。また、溶解が進みやすくなるように、反応工程より低い温度にて加温してもよい。
各々の液を準備した後に、ウォーターバスもしくはヒーターを用いて各液を昇温し、反応温度まで上昇させる。このとき、還元液と原料液は同様に加熱しておき、両液間の温度差をなくしておけば、温度差によって生じる対流によって一挙に混合できなくなるという問題を防止できる。また温度の違いによって生じる、反応の不均一が防止される効果もあり、粒子の均一性を保つことができるので好ましい。このときに昇温させる目的の温度(後の反応温度)は、40~80℃の範囲である。
各液がともに目的温度まで上昇すれば、還元液に対して原料液を添加する。添加は突沸に注意した上で、一度に行うことが反応の均一性の面から好ましい。
反応液を混合した後、10~30分程度攪拌を続け、粒子の成長を完結させる。このときの反応の終点は、サンプリングした反応液に対し、ヒドラジンを滴下することにより、未還元銀の反応が生じるかどうかを確認することで判断する。
得られたスラリーは、公知の固液分離方法を繰り返し行って洗浄する。固液分離方法では、具体的にはフィルタープレスによる方法や、遠心分離機を用いて粒子を強制的に沈降させ固液分離を行なう方法等が利用できる。
こうして得られた固形物(ケーキ状)は乾燥工程を経て、粉末状にする。こうすることによって、ナノ粒子を安定した形で長期にわたり保管することができるようになる。このときの乾燥は、凍結乾燥、真空乾燥を用いる方法や、公知の乾燥方法を採用することができる。
サブミクロン銀粒子と、上述のような方法を用いて得られたナノ銀粒子塊を極性溶媒(分散媒)へ添加してペースト(分散液)を作製する。ここで、本発明においては、前記極性溶媒としての分散媒は、低沸点溶媒と、高沸点溶媒の2種類の溶媒を必ず添加する。また、前記溶媒のうち、沸点の低い方の溶媒と沸点の高い方の溶媒の含有比率は、3:5乃至1:1が好ましい。
洗浄後のナノ銀粒子2質量部をシクロヘキサン96質量部とオレイン酸2質量部との混合溶液に添加し、超音波によって分散させた。分散溶液を支持膜付きCuマイクログリッドに滴下し、乾燥させることでTEM試料とした。作成したマイクログリッドを透過型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製JEM-100CXMark-II型)を使用し、100kVの加速電圧で、明視野で粒子を観察した像を、倍率300,000倍で撮影した。
接合の強度は、JISZ-03918-5:2003の「鉛フリーはんだ試験方法 第5部はんだ継ぎ手の引張およびせん断試験方法」に記載のある方法に準じて行った。すなわち、ダイボンディングされた被接合体を水平方向に押し、押される力に耐えかねて接合面が破断するときの力を算出する方法である。試験片は7mm□のシリコンチップを用いて行った。本実施例ではDAGE社製ボンドテスタを使用して試験を行った。シェア高さは50μm、試験速度は5mm/min、測定は室温で行った。また、同じ接合材と接合対象物を用いて接合サンプルを作製した。そして、その接合強度を上記方法で測定し、平均接合強度を算出し、本発明における接合強度とした。
上記接合強度評価と同じ試験片を、温度サイクル槽で、-55℃~+150℃の温度範囲で、1000サイクル(高温低温各5分)温度サイクル試験を行った後、上記接合強度評価の方法で接合強度を求めて、本発明における信頼性強度とした。
低沸点溶媒を単独で調整した接合材(ペースト)、及び低沸点溶媒と高沸点溶媒の2種類を混合して調整した接合材(ペースト)のTG測定を行なった。低沸点溶媒を単独で調整した接合材(ペースト)のTG測定結果のTG曲線を図1に、高沸点溶媒の2種類を混合して調整した接合材(ペースト)のTG測定結果のTG曲線を図2に示す。両図とも横軸は温度(℃)であり、左縦軸はTG(wt%)を表し、右縦軸はDTG(μg/min)を表す。
分散剤は含有量が少ないため、定量的な確認は容易ではない。しかし、ICP(Inductively coupled plasma)にてリンの存在を確認することができる。
本実施例に共通して利用するナノ銀粒子を次のようにして作製した。反応槽に5L反応槽を使用した。また、攪拌のために羽根のついた攪拌棒を反応槽中心に設置した。反応槽には温度をモニターするための温度計を設置し、また溶液に下部より窒素を供給できるようにノズルを配設した。
平均一次粒子径が20nmのナノ銀粒子として、上記で得られたヘキサン酸被覆ナノ銀粒子粉末と、平均一次粒子径が110nmのナノ銀粒子として、上記で得られたソルビン酸被覆ナノ銀粒子粉末と、サブミクロン銀粒子として、2-1C(DOWAエレクトロニクス社製)球状銀粒子粉末(平均粒子径(D50)800nm、なお粒子をSEMで確認したところ、視野中の粒子はおのおの独立した粒子として確認された)と、低沸点溶媒として沸点が194℃のオクタノール、高沸点溶媒として沸点が318.3℃のイソボニルシクロヘキサノール(MTPH)、分散剤として、SOLPLUS(ソルプラス) D540を混合し、印刷可能な粘性を有する接合材を得た。
低沸点溶媒として沸点が217℃のテルピネオール(構造異性体混合/和光純薬工業株式会社製)に変更した比較例2と、低沸点溶媒を使用しなかった比較例3、高沸点溶媒を配合しなかった比較例4を、表1に示す条件にて配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして作製した。得られた結果を表1に併せて示す。
分散剤を配合せず、表1に示す条件にて配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして作製した。得られた結果を表1に併せて示す。銀粒子が凝集して固まり、ペースト自体を形成することができなかった。
溶媒と分散剤の配合量の合計が7質量%(銀粒子含有量が93質量%)となるように、表1に示す条件にて配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして作製した。得られた結果を表1に併せて示す。溶媒と分散剤の配合量の合計が全接合材料に対して5質量%を超えている、つまりは、銀粒子含有量が95質量%以上になっていない場合は、ペースト状態は良好で、ボイドは発生しなかったが、強度がかなり低くなっていることが分かる。
分散剤に、カルボキシル基を有するものとして、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルカルボン酸(三洋化成株式会社製のビューライトLCA-H)を添加して表1に示す条件にて配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして作製した。得られた結果を表1に併せて示す。リン酸エステル基を有していない分散剤であることから、高銀濃度化においては分散力が不足し、ペースト状態は印刷が困難な粘性となり、印刷可能な接合材として利用できないことが分かる。
平均一次粒子径が20nmのナノ銀粒子の配合量を、5質量%、45質量%として表1に示す条件にて配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして作製した。得られた結果を表1に併せて示す。20nmのナノ銀粒子の配合量が、5質量%のとき(比較例8)は、ペーストの状態は良いが、ナノ銀の接合性の良いという作用が不足して、強度が低下している。また、20nmのナノ銀粒子の配合量が、45質量%のとき(比較例9)は、ナノ銀の強度が不足するという欠点が目立ち、粒径の大きい副銀粒子の量が減少して強度が不足することにより、印刷が困難な粘性となり、印刷可能な接合材として利用できないことが分かる。
低沸点溶媒量と高沸点溶媒量の比が、低沸点溶媒:高沸点溶媒=1:1となるように配合した実施例2と、低沸点溶媒:高沸点溶媒=5:3となるように配合した比較例10と、低沸点溶媒:高沸点溶媒=1:3となるように配合した比較例11の接合材を、表1に示す条件にて配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして作製した。得られた結果を表1に併せて示す。
異なる高沸点溶媒の使用例として、沸点が260℃のヘキシルジグリコール(HeDG)を使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして接合材を作製した。得られた結果を表1に併せて示す。ペーストの状態、ボイドの発生状況、初期の接合強度、信頼性強度のいずれも、実施例1と同様に良好な結果であった。
Claims (9)
- 主銀粒子として、
炭素数6以下の有機物で被覆され、平均一次粒子径が10~30nmのナノ銀粒子と、
副銀粒子として、
炭素数6以下の有機物で被覆され、平均一次粒子径が100~200nmのナノ銀粒子と、
沸点の異なる2種類の溶媒と、
分散剤を含むことを特徴とする接合材。 - 前記溶媒と前記分散剤の合計は、全接合材量に対して5質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載された接合材。
- 前記主銀粒子を被覆する前記炭素数6以下の有機物がヘキサン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1または2の何れかの請求項に記載された接合材。
- 前記分散剤は、リン酸エステル基を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れかの請求項に記載された接合材。
- 前記副銀粒子は、さらに、平均一次粒子径が0.3~3.0μmのサブミクロン銀粒子が含まれることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れかの請求項に記載された接合材。
- 前記主銀粒子は、全接合材量に対して10乃至40質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れかの請求項に記載された接合材。
- 前記2種類の溶媒のうち、沸点の低い方の溶媒と沸点の高い方の溶媒の含有比率は、3:5乃至1:1であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の何れかの請求項に記載された接合材。
- 前記沸点の低い方の溶媒は、少なくともブタノール、オクタノール、α-ピネン、キシレン、アセチルアセトンの中から選ばれる1種以上の溶媒であり
前記沸点の高い方の溶媒は、少なくともドデカノール、2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオール、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジブチルジグリコール、ヘキシルジグリコール、2エチルヘキシルジグリコール、イソボニルシクロヘキサノールの中から選ばれる1種以上の溶媒であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の何れかの請求項に記載された接合材。 - 請求項1乃至8に記載された前記接合材を被接合材料の接合予定面に塗布する工程と、
前記接合予定面間を加圧することなく80~120℃の環境下で30~60分保持する第1の加熱工程と、
前記被接合材料を250℃の環境下で30~60分保持する第2の加熱工程を含む接合方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101609497B1 (ko) | 2016-04-05 |
KR20140101863A (ko) | 2014-08-20 |
CN104066534B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
US9533380B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 |
TWI566859B (zh) | 2017-01-21 |
JP5976684B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 |
TW201330954A (zh) | 2013-08-01 |
HUE041582T2 (hu) | 2019-05-28 |
JPWO2013108408A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
CN104066534A (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
US20150028085A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
EP2805783A4 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2805783B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
EP2805783A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
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