WO2006064848A1 - 粒界改質したNd-Fe-B系磁石及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
粒界改質したNd-Fe-B系磁石及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006064848A1 WO2006064848A1 PCT/JP2005/022963 JP2005022963W WO2006064848A1 WO 2006064848 A1 WO2006064848 A1 WO 2006064848A1 JP 2005022963 W JP2005022963 W JP 2005022963W WO 2006064848 A1 WO2006064848 A1 WO 2006064848A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/14—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on borides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-performance magnet excellent in mass productivity, in which Dy or Tb element is diffused and infiltrated into the crystal grain boundary phase of an NdFeB-based magnet from the magnet surface, and excellent in mass productivity. Concerning.
- Rare earth element ferrous boron-based magnets are widely used in voice coil motors (VCM) of hard disk drives and magnetic circuits of magnetic tomography (MRI), and in recent years, drive motors for electric vehicles.
- VCM voice coil motors
- MRI magnetic tomography
- the range of applications is expanding.
- heat resistance is required for automobile applications, and a magnet having a high coercive force is required to avoid high temperature demagnetization at an environmental temperature of 150 to 200 ° C.
- the Nd-Fe B compound main phase is taken by the Nd-rich grain boundary phase.
- a high coercive force is achieved by including about several to 10% by mass of Dy and Tb in the magnet alloy.
- the saturation magnetic field increases as the Dy and Tb content increases.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 Producing coercive force by making gold separately and mixing and sintering each powder in the proper ratio Methods for improving this are known (Patent Documents 1 and 2, Non-Patent Document 1).
- the method of processing the obtained sintered body includes the surface and grain boundaries of the fine Nd Fe B-based sintered magnet compact. Magnetic properties are restored by introducing rare earth metal into the phase (Patent Documents 3 and 4), or Dy or Tb metal is deposited on the surface of a small-sized magnet by sputtering, and Dy or Tb is deposited by high-temperature heat treatment. A method of diffusing inside a magnet has been reported (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- Non-patent Document 4 As a method of diffusing Dy into the grain boundaries of the NdFeB-based sintered magnet, a method of heating the sputtered film (Patent Document 5), after applying a fine powder of Dy oxide or fluoride to the magnet, A method of performing surface diffusion treatment and aging treatment has been reported (Non-patent Document 4).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-207546
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-0221218
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62 74048
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-296973
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 01-117303
- Non-patent literature l M. Kusunoki et al. 3rd IUMRS Int. Conf. On Advanced Materials, p. 1013 (1993)
- Non-Patent Document 2 K.T.Park et al. Proc. 16th Workshop on RareEarth Magnets and Their Application, Sendai, p.257 (2000)
- Non-Patent Document 3 Machida et al. Summary of Spring Meeting 2004, p. 20 (2004)
- Non-Patent Literature 4 Gen Nakamura IEEJ Journal, Vol.l24, No.11, pp.699-702 (2004)
- the inventors of the present invention first, after quantitative deposition of Dy or Tb metal on the surface of the magnet by sputtering or the like, selectively passes the grain boundary phase by heat treatment to bring the Dy or Tb metal to the inside of the magnet. It was found that the coercive force can be effectively improved by diffusion and penetration, and a patent application was filed for an invention related to this method (Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-174003; Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-11973, Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-411880). ; JP 2005-175138 A).
- Dy metal or the like is selectively present in the grain boundary portion of the sintered magnet to improve the coercive force, but physical formation using a vacuum chamber such as sputtering is performed. Due to the membrane method, there was a difficulty in mass productivity when processing a large amount of magnets. In addition, there is a problem with magnet costs in that it is necessary to use expensive and high-purity Dy metal as a film-forming material.
- Dy is contained in the grain boundary phase surrounding the Nd Fe B main phase.
- High coercive force can be obtained by the presence of high concentrations of Tb and Tb, that is, grain boundary modification.
- the inventors have disclosed inventions relating to the principle and method of effectively increasing the coercive force without lowering the residual magnetic flux density in each of the Japanese patent application 2003-174003 and Japanese Patent Application 2003-411880. .
- this principle is applied, and metal components such as Dy and Tb, which have a larger magnetic anisotropy than Nd, are reduced and deposited on the surface of the Nd-Fe-B magnets at the same time. It diffuses and penetrates into the grain boundary.
- components such as Dy and Tb may remain as a film on the magnet surface after diffusion and penetration, but the purpose is to improve or improve the magnetic properties of the magnet. Unlike conventional methods of forming corrosion-resistant films such as coating, it is important to diffuse and infiltrate components such as Dy and Tb from the magnet surface to the internal grain boundaries.
- Nd Fe B The inside of a general Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet is Nd Fe B, which is about 3 to 10 microns in size.
- the crystal structure is surrounded by a grain boundary phase (approximately 10 ⁇ : LOO nanometer thick, mainly composed of Nd, Fe, O and called Nd rich phase).
- a grain boundary phase approximately 10 ⁇ : LOO nanometer thick, mainly composed of Nd, Fe, O and called Nd rich phase.
- the current situation is that it is not possible to obtain a magnet with a high energy product due to the remarkable decrease in the temperature.
- M metal element such as Dy reduced and deposited on the surface of the magnet by chemical reduction or molten salt electrolytic reduction of a metal compound diffuses and penetrates into the magnet during the reduction treatment. Selective for grain boundary phase with little substitution for Nd in Nd Fe B main crystal
- the Nd—Fe— B magnet is covered only with DyO powder, and the calorie is heated at a high temperature of about 800 to 1000 ° C.
- the Dy component can also be diffused and penetrated into the magnet by heat treatment. However, in this case, since the reducing agent is not used, DyO is at a high temperature and the surface of the Nd—Fe—B magnet
- the diffusion depth of the M metal element varies depending on the heating temperature and time of the reduction treatment, and the surface force is about 20 microns to 1000 microns.
- the structure of the grain boundary phase after diffusion and penetration is M-N d-Fe-O based on the analysis results of EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer). It is confirmed that the grain boundary phase thickness is estimated to be about 10 to 200 nanometers.
- M metal element is present more in the surface portion than in the magnet, and Nd Fe B main
- the structure in which the M metal element is selectively enriched in the grain boundary phase rather than in the main crystal suppresses the occurrence of reverse magnetic domains, thereby reducing the original Nd-Fe -Evidence that the coercivity of the B magnet is improved!
- an oxide such as Dy or Tb or a compound such as fluoride is heated at a high temperature using a Ca reducing agent or electrolysis to reduce a metal such as Dy or Tb, and at the same time, Selective diffusion and penetration of metal components into the grain boundary phase inside the magnet can be easily achieved with a single processing step.
- the melting point of Nd-rich grain boundary phase is higher than that of Nd Fe B phase (over 1000 ° C)
- a metal such as Dy and Tb is reduced and deposited on the surface of the rare earth magnet and diffused and penetrated into the inside of the magnet. Improvement can be achieved, and demagnetization at high temperatures can be greatly improved. Therefore, it can greatly contribute to the production of rare earth magnets suitable for car drive motors that require heat resistance. Moreover, even with a small content of Dy, Tb, etc., the coercive force equivalent to that of a conventional sintered magnet can be obtained, which contributes to the solution of rare resource problems.
- the magnet targeted in the present invention is a sintered magnet.
- Nd Fe— B sintered magnet is Nd Fe B
- the main phase crystal has a crystal structure surrounded by a grain boundary phase rich in Nd, and in order to show a typical nucleation type coercive force mechanism, the magnet of the present invention has an effect of increasing the coercive force. big ,.
- the sintered magnet is formed by pulverizing and sintering a raw material alloy to several microns.
- Nd is a practical Nd composition.
- Pr and Y are included as impurities or for cost reduction. Therefore, even if the total amount of rare earth elements is about 28 to 35% by mass, the magnetic characteristics of the present invention can be improved. . If it exceeds 35%, the proportion of grain boundary phase becomes excessive. Thus, the coercive force is sufficiently large, but the proportion of the Nd Fe B main phase that carries the magnetic flux density is relatively reduced.
- the method of the present invention is a magnet having a crystal structure surrounding a NdFeB main phase crystal with a grain boundary phase.
- Nd-Fe-B forming components In addition to Nd-Fe-B forming components, other additional components such as Co for improving temperature characteristics, A1 and Cu for forming fine and uniform crystal structures are added. It does not matter.
- the method of the present invention is essentially unaffected by the magnetic properties of the original magnet and the amount of rare earth elements other than Nd added, so that the M metal element is added to the sintering material in advance for sintering.
- the coercive force can be effectively improved even for high-performance sintered magnets that contain M metal elements in the main phase and grain boundary phase in a total amount of about 0.2 mass% to 10 mass%. it can.
- the element that is supplied to the magnet surface and diffuses and penetrates inside the magnet is an Nd-rich phase that has a larger magnetic anisotropy than Nd constituting the Nd-Fe-B magnet and surrounds the main phase inside the magnet.
- Nd-rich phase that has a larger magnetic anisotropy than Nd constituting the Nd-Fe-B magnet and surrounds the main phase inside the magnet.
- rare earth elements selected from Pr, Dy, Tb, and Ho hereinafter referred to as “M metal” as appropriate
- M metal rare earth elements selected from Pr, Dy, Tb, and Ho
- the anisotropic magnetic field of the 2 14 2 e B compound is approximately 2 and 3 times that of Nd Fe B, respectively.
- Dy and Tb elements have a great effect of increasing the coercive force.
- the rare earth metal oxide, rare earth metal chloride, or rare earth metal fluoride separated and purified from the raw ore is reduced by molten salt electrolysis or a chemical reducing agent.
- molten salt electrolysis or a chemical reducing agent it is possible to apply the method of refining rare earth metals.
- the chemical reducing agent Ca metal, Mg metal or their hydrides are suitable. If this chemical reduction or molten salt electrolytic reduction is not used, it is not preferable because a part of the surface layer of the Nd-Fe-B magnet may change in quality and impair magnetism as described above.
- the present invention is characterized in that the reduction of M metal from the M metal compound and the diffusion of M metal into the magnet are basically performed in the same process. In addition, it is possible to further improve the coercive force by adding an aging treatment at 500 to 600 ° C as it is after this process or by adding an aging treatment using another heating furnace.
- the present invention does not use expensive M metal, and M gold obtained in the purification process of various rare earth metals.
- M metal and M gold obtained in the purification process of various rare earth metals.
- One kind or two or more kinds of oxides, fluorides and salts of genus elements can be used. Of these, the oxides and fluorides are stable and can be easily handled in the air, and after Ca reduction, the surface force of the magnet body can be easily separated as CaO and CaF compounds, respectively.
- chlorides may react with the magnet and generate chlorine gas when the conditions for the reduction reaction are not properly performed.
- Nd-Fe-B magnet body processed into a desired shape is embedded in, for example, a mixed powder of DyO, which is an example of various compounds of M metal elements, and CaH, which is a chemical reducing agent.
- the heat-resistant container is set in an atmosphere furnace in which Ar gas is circulated, and cooled by holding at a temperature of 800 to L at 100 ° C for 10 minutes to 8 hours.
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is preferably several to several tens of ppm, which is used to produce Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets, because it can suppress the oxidation of the magnet body. It takes a long time to reach an extremely low oxygen concentration.
- the reaction temperature should be 800-1100 ° C, more preferably 850-1000 ° C.
- Dy metal is reduced and deposited on the magnet surface, and at the same time, Dy metal selectively diffuses and penetrates into the grain boundary phase inside the magnet. A Dy metal layer that cannot be diffused and stays on the surface is formed on the magnet surface.
- the magnet body is taken out of the heat-resistant container, washed with pure water and dried to remove the CaO powder on the surface of the magnet body, and the clean magnet covered with the Dy metal layer remaining on the surface.
- a surface can be obtained.
- an aging treatment at 400 to 650 ° C for 30 minutes to 2 hours after the completion of the above reaction, it is possible to promote uniform formation of Nd-rich phases at the grain boundaries and further improve the coercive force. it can.
- the Nd-rich phase generation temperature range is 500 to 600 ° C, so the effect is hardly achieved at less than 400 ° C. When the temperature exceeds 650 ° C, the phase grows excessively, leading to a decrease in coercive force.
- the temperature range should be 400-650 ° C.
- the Dy metal component diffuses and penetrates from the magnet surface to the inside, and the Dy element is enriched in the grain boundary phase. It has become a structure.
- This surface layer is more stable in air than Nd Fe B because it is a Dy-rich layer in which Nd and Fe in the Dy metal or magnet are incorporated by a partial reaction.
- DyF powder and LiF powder as an example of M metal compound and chemical reducing agent
- a mixture of Ca metal particles is loaded into a heat-resistant container such as a graphite crucible, and an Nd Fe-B magnet body is buried in the container.
- a heat-resistant container such as a graphite crucible
- an Nd Fe-B magnet body is buried in the container.
- LiF which acts as a melting point depressant for chloride, is used to advance the reaction in the liquid phase while forming a melt.
- the salts used to lower the melting point include ka and Na borates, carbonates, nitrates, and hydroxides.
- Dy metal reduction occurs in the same way as the reaction in the first method, and Dy metal reduction precipitation on the magnet surface and diffusion into the magnet occur simultaneously. A Dy metal layer that cannot diffuse and remains on the surface of the magnet is formed.
- the magnet body is taken out, washed with pure water while applying ultrasonic waves, and dried to obtain a magnet surface coated with the Dy metal layer from which CaF has been removed and remained on the surface. But
- the Dy metal component diffuses and penetrates from the magnet surface to the inside, as in the first method.
- the structure is enriched with elements.
- TbF powder and LiF powder and Ba that lowers the melting point to about 1000 ° C or less.
- a cathode made of stainless steel is used for the cathode, a magnet is placed in the cathode, and a metal or alloy rod such as graphite, insoluble Ti, or Mo is used for the anode, and the cathode and anode are embedded in a heat-resistant container.
- a metal or alloy rod such as graphite, insoluble Ti, or Mo is used for the anode, and the cathode and anode are embedded in a heat-resistant container.
- Set the heat-resistant container in an atmosphere furnace in which Ar gas is circulated, and generate a melt at 800 to 1000 ° C, with a current density of 1 to about LOV and about 0.03 to 0.5 A / cm 2 Conduct electrolysis for about 5 minutes to 1 hour, stop electrolysis and cool.
- M metal may be used as the soluble anode instead of the insoluble metal Z alloy.
- the M metal that is reduced and deposited on the surface of the magnet is a combination of the metal that has been reduced from the oxide or fluoride raw material and that that has been electrolytically deposited by dissolving the anode component.
- the temperature of the melt varies, but after melting, the stainless steel net is quickly moved forward and backward, Make it possible to reduce and diffuse Tb metal evenly into the magnet body.
- the reduction reaction is such that Tb ions reach the magnet body serving as the cathode in the electrolysis process, and receive the electrons on the spot to generate metal Tb. Is spread. A Tb metal layer that cannot diffuse and remains on the surface of the magnet is formed.
- the repulsive magnet body is taken out, washed with pure water and dried to obtain a magnet body on which the Tb metal layer remaining on the surface is formed. Similar to the first and second methods, the magnet thus obtained has a Tb metal component that diffuses and penetrates from the surface of the magnet to the inside as described in the principle of the grain boundary modification treatment.
- the interface phase is enriched with Tb elements.
- the amount of M metal reduced and deposited on the magnet surface can be easily adjusted by changing the temperature and the treatment time in the first to third methods.
- the M metal that is reduced and deposited on the surface of the magnet body due to the use of the high temperature reduction reaction at the same time, partly diffuses and penetrates into the magnet, and the thickness of only the M metal on the surface. It is difficult to clearly determine the length.
- FIG. 1 is a model diagram of the crystal structure of a cross section (a) of a conventional sintered magnet and a cross section (b) of the sintered magnet of the present invention. From Fig. 1 (a), the conventional sintered magnets have Nd Fe B crystal grains and Nd rich grains.
- Dy element is also Nd Fe B
- the crystal grains and the Nd-rich grain boundary phase are distributed separately, and there is no difference in the structure of the structure between the inside and the surface of the magnet.
- the Dy element that diffuses and penetrates the magnet surface penetrates into a small part of the Nd Fe B crystal in the surface layer.
- the structure As most of them enter and go deeper inside the magnet surface, the structure has a concentration gradient that is slightly thinner.
- Fig. 2 shows the distribution of Dy element in the EPMA image of a representative sample (4) of the present invention.
- Nd Fe B crystal grains one or two layers on the outermost surface of the magnet are M metal elements.
- the Dy metal layer exists at a depth of about 3 to 6 m from the surface of the magnet body to the inside, and a depth of about 40 to 50 ⁇ m from directly below the Dy metal layer. D y A metal diffusion layer is observed.
- the M metal element penetrates into several layers of Nd Fe B main phase crystals on the outermost surface of the magnet.
- the coercive force of the magnet is affected by the structure having a concentration gradient of M metal element in the depth direction of the magnet cross section as shown in Fig. 2 after the grain boundary modification treatment, and the depth of the diffusion layer is reduced.
- the larger the value the greater the coercive force.
- the thickness (width) of the grain boundary phase increases by several tens of percent, but the thickness of the grain boundary phase in the diffusion layer portion is thick and the depth of the diffusion layer is deep.
- the inclusion of a large amount of M metal component leads to a decrease in residual magnetic flux density. Therefore, in order to achieve a significant increase in coercive force while suppressing the decrease in residual magnetic flux density, the amount of M metal element compound used and the reaction temperature and time should be set appropriately so that the M metal element does not become excessive. It is important to control.
- the total M metal component including the amount diffused in the magnet body and the amount that cannot be diffused and remains on the surface as a metal layer is occupied by the total mass of the magnet. It is necessary for the ratio to be 0.1 to: LO mass%, and 0.2 to 5 mass% is suitable for obtaining high-performance magnetic characteristics.
- M metal element As another method of realizing effective coercive force improvement using M metal element, a relatively large amount of M metal element is supplied to the magnet surface, and reduction diffusion treatment is performed for a long time. After the M metal element is infiltrated to the depth of the magnet so that the ratio of the M metal element to the total mass of the magnet is about 2 to 4% by mass, the M magnetic element is excessive and the residual magnetic flux density is reduced. It is also possible to remove the face layer. When the surface is cut by about 0.05 mm or less after reductive diffusion, the coercive force is hardly reduced by cutting, and the residual magnetic flux density does not change even if it is cut.
- a method for removing the magnet surface layer a surface grinding method using a flat or cylindrical grinder can be used.
- a surface grinding method using a flat or cylindrical grinder can be used.
- the magnet is further cut to produce a plurality of magnets having a predetermined shape and size.
- Cutting is done by using a disk-shaped cutting blade with diamonds or GC (green corundum) barrels fixed to the outer periphery of the cutting blade, fixing the magnet pieces, and then cutting each magnet one by one or more
- a plurality of blades may be cut simultaneously by a cutting machine (multi-saw) equipped with a blade.
- An alloy ingot of Nd Fe B composition is about 0.2 mm thick by strip casting.
- mm alloy flakes were produced.
- this thin piece is filled into a container, and hydrogen gas of 300 kPa is occluded at room temperature and then discharged to obtain an amorphous powder having a size of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
- a fine powder of about 3 m was produced.
- This fine powder was filled in a mold, molded by applying lOOMPa pressure while applying a magnetic field of 800 kAZm, loaded in a vacuum furnace, and sintered at 1080 ° C for 1 hour.
- This sintered body was cut to produce a plurality of plate samples having anisotropy in the thickness direction of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm ⁇ 3 mm, and one of them was used as a comparative sample (1) as it was.
- the plate-shaped sample was embedded and set in an atmosphere furnace in which Ar gas was circulated. Furnace By controlling the temperature, the maximum temperature in the crucible is 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150. C, and holding time of 1 hour each, Dy metal was subjected to solid phase reduction and diffusion permeation treatment and cooled.
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere furnace measured by the monitor was 0.05 to 0.2% by volume from the start to the end of the reaction. Remove each sample from the crucible and remove the CaO powder on the surface of the magnet body with a brush, then wash with pure water while applying ultrasonic waves, replace the moisture with alcohol, dry, and heat treatment temperature 700-1150 ° According to the order of C, the present invention samples (1) to (6) were obtained.
- each sample was pulverized and analyzed by ICPdnductively Coupled Plasma), and the amount of Dy contained in each sample was measured.
- Table 1 shows the magnetic property values and the amount of Dy for each sample. Note that if the amount of precipitation is calculated by the film thickness assuming that the Dy metal is deposited and diffused as a film, the sample of the present invention (1) is 0.3 microns and the sample of the present invention (6 ) Is equivalent to 3.4 microns.
- Fig. 3 shows the coercivity and residual magnetic flux density of each sample, and Fig. 4 shows a graph of the Dy amount of each sample.
- the samples (1) to (6) of the present invention showed almost no decrease in residual magnetic flux density (Br) compared to the untreated comparative sample (1).
- An increase in coercive force (Hcj) was observed.
- the sample (1) of the present invention since the treatment temperature is 700 ° C, the Dy reduction reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and the amount of Dy incorporated into the magnet is less than 0.1% by mass. The increase in coercive force was slight. By increasing the processing time to 1 hour or more, In addition, an increase in coercive force can be expected.
- Fig. 4 shows that the amount of Dy metal deposited by Ca reduction and the amount of diffusion into the magnet increased as the treatment temperature increased.
- Example 2 Each of the same plate-like samples used in Example 1 was coated and dried. On the other hand, as a comparative example, only Dy 2 O powder lg was similarly made into a slurry and similarly dried after application. This
- the magnet sample after the treatment was dried after removing CaO powder on the surface, washing with pure water and alcohol.
- the former mixed powder was used as the sample of the present invention (7) to (8), and the latter Dy
- Table 2 shows the magnetic property value and the Dy amount of each sample.
- the comparative sample (1) described in Example 1 was republished.
- FIG. 5 shows the demagnetization curves of the comparative samples (1) to (3)
- FIG. 6 shows the demagnetization curves of the comparative sample (1) and the inventive samples (7) to (8).
- the sample (2) Compared with the untreated comparative sample (1), the sample (2) has a slight increase in coercive force due to the small Dy element content, while the maximum energy product ((BH) max) is Declined.
- the comparative sample (3) which was heat-treated at 100 ° C, had a significant increase in coercive force, but a significant reduction in the maximum energy product.
- the demagnetization curve is a smooth curve with good squareness, and if a reducing agent is used, the Nd Fe B magnet body may be damaged.
- the magnetic properties such as coercive force were improved.
- the plate-like magnet sample used in Example 1 was embedded in the powder. Subsequently, it was set in an Ar gas atmosphere furnace, and the furnace temperature was controlled, and the melt was subjected to a melt phase reduction reaction and diffusion permeation treatment for 5 to 60 minutes at a maximum temperature in the crucible of 900 ° C and cooled.
- the CaF powder was dissolved and removed with dilute hydrochloric acid, followed by washing with pure water and alcohol and drying.
- the obtained samples were sampled of the present invention (9) to (14) in the order of treatment time of 5 to 60 minutes, and the magnetic properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Assuming that Dy metal is deposited as a film and is not diffused, the amount of deposition is calculated by the film thickness.
- the sample of the present invention (9) is 0.2 microns, and the sample of the present invention (14) is 3. Equivalent to 0 micron.
- the samples (9) to (14) of the present invention have a substantially reduced coercive force with almost no decrease in residual magnetic flux density compared to the untreated comparative sample (1). An increase was observed.
- the sample of the present invention (14) that was heat-treated at 900 ° C. for 60 minutes showed a coercive force almost equal to the sample of the present invention (13) that was heat-treated at the same temperature for 45 minutes. In the present example, it was found that the processing time of 45 minutes was sufficient for the precipitation by Dy reduction and the diffusion into the magnet.
- the demagnetization factor of the sample (13) of the present invention is about 1Z5 of the sample (1) of the comparative example, and the change of the demagnetization factor up to 1000 hours is small, so that the demagnetization at high temperature can be greatly improved. It was revealed.
- both the sample (16) of the present invention from which the surface layer was removed and the sample (17) of the present invention from which the central portion of the sample was cut out showed almost no decrease in coercive force, and the residual magnetic flux density was Nearly equal to the value, the maximum energy product was improved further than before. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a magnet having desired magnetic characteristics by appropriately selecting the reduction diffusion process depending on the size of the magnet sample, or by selecting a process such as cutting after the process.
- a plate sample is placed in a stainless steel mesh cage to serve as a cathode, and Mo metal is used as an anode and embedded in a crucible. Then, the crucible is set in an Ar gas atmosphere furnace, and the furnace temperature is controlled so that At a high temperature of 920 ° C, the cathode and anode were connected to an external power supply, and the electrolytic voltage was 5V and the current density was 80 mA / cm 2. And cooled. [0079] Thereafter, the magnet body was taken out from the mesh cage, washed with pure water and dried, washed with pure water while applying ultrasonic waves, and dried by substituting water with alcohol.
- the samples of the present invention (18) to (21) were used in the order of treatment times 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Assuming that Dy metal is deposited as a film and has not diffused, the amount of deposition calculated by the film thickness is 1.2 micron for the present invention sample (18), and the present sample (20) is Corresponds to 6 microns.
- Table 4 shows the magnetic property values and Tb amounts of the respective samples. As a result of analysis, it was found that 0.3% by mass or less of fluorine was incorporated in each sample obtained by the molten salt electrolytic reduction method. Table 4 shows that the coercivity increases significantly with increasing processing time, while the decrease in residual magnetic flux density is relatively small.
- FIG. 1 is a model diagram of a crystal structure of a cross section (a) of a conventional sintered magnet and a cross section (b) of the sintered magnet of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 The heating temperature of the reduction diffusion treatment in the inventive samples (1) to (6) and the comparative sample (1) It is a figure showing the relationship between a residual magnetic flux density and a coercive force.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing demagnetization curves of comparative sample samples (1) to (3).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the residual magnetic flux density and the coercive force with respect to the heating time of the reduction diffusion treatment in the inventive samples (9) to (14) and the comparative sample (2).
- ⁇ 8] of the demagnetization factor and elapsed time obtained by dividing the amount of magnetic flux of the sample of the present invention (13) and the comparative sample (1) after holding at 120 ° C for a predetermined time by the initial amount of magnetic flux at room temperature. It is a diagram showing the relationship.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05816642A EP1843360A4 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-12-14 | ND-FE-B-MAGNET WITH MODIFIED GRAIN LIMIT AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS THEREFOR |
US11/793,272 US7824506B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-12-14 | Nd-Fe-B magnet with modified grain boundary and process for producing the same |
CN2005800425299A CN101076870B (zh) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-12-14 | 已晶间改质的Nd-Fe-B系磁铁和它的制造方法 |
JP2006548887A JP4548673B2 (ja) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-12-14 | Nd−Fe−B系磁石の粒界改質方法 |
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JP2004365088 | 2004-12-16 | ||
JP2004-365088 | 2004-12-16 |
Publications (1)
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WO2006064848A1 true WO2006064848A1 (ja) | 2006-06-22 |
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PCT/JP2005/022963 WO2006064848A1 (ja) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-12-14 | 粒界改質したNd-Fe-B系磁石及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7824506B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1843360A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4548673B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100863809B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101076870B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI302712B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006064848A1 (ja) |
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CN101076870B (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
US7824506B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 |
EP1843360A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
US20080006345A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
CN101076870A (zh) | 2007-11-21 |
TW200623160A (en) | 2006-07-01 |
KR100863809B1 (ko) | 2008-10-16 |
JPWO2006064848A1 (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
EP1843360A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
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