US20110030237A1 - Method and apparatus for drying a material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for drying a material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110030237A1
US20110030237A1 US12/671,669 US67166908A US2011030237A1 US 20110030237 A1 US20110030237 A1 US 20110030237A1 US 67166908 A US67166908 A US 67166908A US 2011030237 A1 US2011030237 A1 US 2011030237A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
housing
gaseous atmosphere
weight
less
steam
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Abandoned
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US12/671,669
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English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Schmidt
Maria Toivonen
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Mars Inc
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Mars Inc
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Assigned to MARS INC. reassignment MARS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TOIVONEN, MARIA, SCHMIDT, SIEGFRIED
Publication of US20110030237A1 publication Critical patent/US20110030237A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
    • F26B25/006—Separating volatiles, e.g. recovering solvents from dryer exhaust gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A23L3/185—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus in solid state
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/21—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B25/00—Packaging other articles presenting special problems
    • B65B25/001—Packaging other articles presenting special problems of foodstuffs, combined with their conservation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B3/00—Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B3/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B35/00—Supplying, feeding, arranging or orientating articles to be packaged
    • B65B35/10—Feeding, e.g. conveying, single articles
    • B65B35/24—Feeding, e.g. conveying, single articles by endless belts or chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/14—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by trays or racks or receptacles, which may be connected to endless chains or belts
    • F26B15/143—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by trays or racks or receptacles, which may be connected to endless chains or belts the receptacles being wholly or partly foraminous, e.g. containing a batch of loose material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/18—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B39/00—Nozzles, funnels or guides for introducing articles or materials into containers or wrappers
    • B65B39/007—Guides or funnels for introducing articles into containers or wrappers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B63/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged
    • B65B63/08—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged for heating or cooling articles or materials to facilitate packaging

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for drying a material
  • the problem of the invention consists in providing a method and an apparatus which make it possible to dry a material efficiently without this entailing any contamination with undesirable germs and without any excessive loss of volatile components occurring.
  • a method of drying an extruded material comprising the steps of: providing a gaseous atmosphere with superheated steam in a housing, transporting a material into the housing, drying the material in the gaseous atmosphere, transporting the dried material out of the housing, and extracting from the gaseous atmosphere volatile substances which escape from the material into the gaseous atmosphere, especially flavors.
  • the material can be provided for the material to be dried to a water content of less than 50% by weight, 40% by weight, 30% by weight or 20% by weight.
  • AW Activity of Water
  • the gaseous atmosphere at least in a horizontal partial layer, to be at a temperature of more than 100° C., 120° C., 140° C., 160° C. or 180° C.
  • the gaseous atmosphere may be at ambient pressure or at an elevated or reduced pressure.
  • the gaseous atmosphere is a mixture of a first component, consisting of air and/or another gas, such as CO 2 , nitrogen or another inert gas, and water vapor as a second component, and, at least in a horizontal partial layer, has a steam content of at least 50% by weight, 60% by weight, 70% by weight, 80% by weight, 90% by weight, 95% by weight, 98% by weight or 99% by weight.
  • the gaseous atmosphere may also consist of pure water vapor.
  • the substances extracted are added to the material again either proportionately or in a predetermined quantity.
  • the substances can either be added directly or mixed in or supplied in the form of a carrier material, e.g. a coating or filling, to which the extracted substances are first of all added in the form of either liquid or paste.
  • the material can be packed after being moved out of the housing.
  • substances extracted from the gaseous atmosphere are introduced into a packing container during the packing process.
  • an apparatus for drying an extruded material comprising a housing for holding a gaseous atmosphere with superheated steam, the housing having an inlet port and an outlet port, a means for generating a gaseous atmosphere with superheated steam inside the housing, a first transport means for transporting material through the inlet port into the housing, a second transport means for transporting the material through the outlet port out of the housing, and an extraction unit for extracting volatile substances from the gaseous atmosphere.
  • the inlet port prefferably be disposed at a free end of an inlet duct.
  • the outlet port can be disposed at a free end of an outlet duct.
  • the inlet and/or the outlet duct can extend downwards from the housing.
  • a ventilation line communicates with the housing and has an exit aperture at a height below the housing and above the inlet and outlet ports and leading to the outside.
  • an extraction line may communicate with the housing and to be conducted via a fan to a condenser.
  • the first and/or second transport means may have a perforated conveyor belt.
  • a conduit subjected to elevated or reduced pressure can be disposed along a part-section of the first transport means, communicating with the housing, especially with the lower portion thereof.
  • a flow guide or sealing means may be disposed between the conduit and the partial section of the first transport means in order to ensure that there is an intensive flow round or through the transport means through the gaseous atmosphere.
  • the extraction unit takes the form of a spinning cone column for extracting volatile substances from condensate from the gaseous atmosphere.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an apparatus in accordance with the invention, with which the method of the invention can be carried out
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant of the apparatus according to FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows density values of steam and air at different temperatures.
  • the apparatus consists first of a housing 2 with a bottom wall 4 , a right-hand side wall 6 a , a left-hand side wall 6 b , a rear wall 8 , a corresponding front wall, not shown, and an upper wall 10 .
  • the bottom wall 4 is arranged substantially horizontally.
  • the front wall is substantially parallel to the rear wall 8 and abuts the lateral edges of the upper wall, the side walls and the bottom wall in such a manner as to create a seal, so that, apart from the apertures, which will be explained below, the housing 2 surrounds an interior space which is enclosed on all sides.
  • a transport means 30 which in this example forms the first and second transport means, is formed by an endless supporting means (chain, cable, pair of chains or the like), not shown, with bowls or trays 34 held on it.
  • the transport means 30 extends through an inlet port 40 into or beneath the bottom wall 4 upwards in the direction of the upper wall 10 , runs horizontally along the upper wall, spaced apart from the latter vertically, and then back down in the direction of the bottom wall 4 and through an outlet port 42 out of the housing.
  • Each tray 34 has a bottom wall 34 a and a trough-like peripheral side wall 34 b and is intended to receive a particular quantity of the material to be dried.
  • the trays 34 are preferably gas-permeable, in order to permit the gaseous atmosphere present in the housing 2 to pass through to the material unhindered, and may, for example, have a perforated bottom and/or side wall or consist entirely or partially of a porous material, rib mesh or the like, the size of the openings provided in the walls or the porosity depending on the material to be dried.
  • a conveyor belt can be provided as the transport means, on which the material to be dried is located, e.g. a flat conveyor belt or one which is concave like a trough, possibly perforated or porous.
  • the trays 34 are each conveniently hung on the carrier on a horizontal pivoting axis 36 running higher than their centre of gravity, allowing them to swing freely in pendulum fashion, so that they maintain their orientation with their bottom walls facing downwards despite the changes in direction of the supporting means.
  • the course followed by the transport means 30 before it enters the inlet port 40 and after it leaves the outlet port 42 is dependent on the specific circumstances of the particular application. Outside the housing and before the transport means enters the inlet port, a filling means may be provided, for example, where the trays 34 are filled with the material.
  • the transport means 30 is preferably guided in an endless loop, constantly circulating between the filling means, inlet and outlet port, though as an alternative, it can also be designed for batch operation, moving to and fro, either endlessly or as a section of specific length, with a separate beginning and end.
  • a discharge means 52 is provided, at which the dried material is emptied from each individual tray 34 via collector trays 53 and a chute 55 , if necessary with a lock 55 a to cut off the pressure, onto a conveyor 54 , which transports the material to a packing station 60 .
  • trays 34 are swivelled by 180° about their pivoting axis 36 at the discharge means 52 , so that the material contained in them falls onto the collector trays 53 .
  • a packing conveyor 62 transports packing containers 64 such as screw-topped jars, tins, pouch packs or the like from a charging apparatus 66 , where the packing containers are delivered to the packing conveyor, first to a filling station 68 of the packing station, where the dried material is filled into a respective packing container.
  • packing containers 64 such as screw-topped jars, tins, pouch packs or the like from a charging apparatus 66 , where the packing containers are delivered to the packing conveyor, first to a filling station 68 of the packing station, where the dried material is filled into a respective packing container.
  • extracted volatile substances can be added to the packing container.
  • the substances can be added either in the form in which they have been extracted, i.e. in pure form or dissolved in a solvent such as water.
  • a carrier material which will preferably be a material that is additionally added to the dried material in the packing container anyway, such as a coated layer, coating, filling, cream, gravy or the like.
  • the extracted substances may, for example, be added proportionately, i.e. in the same amount as they were released from the amount of material contained in a packing container during the previous drying process. In this way, the original content of volatile substances in the material is restored to a very great extent.
  • the individual filled packing containers are sealed, i.e. with a screw-on lid or can lid, for example, or, in the case of a pouch pack by sealing.
  • An extraction unit 80 for recovering volatile substances, such as flavors, preferably takes the form of a spinning cone column or spinning table column.
  • This is a vertical cylinder 81 , in which an inert separating gas such as steam at normal or reduced pressure separates a vaporous stream of volatile components from a fluid input or a slurry.
  • an inert separating gas such as steam at normal or reduced pressure separates a vaporous stream of volatile components from a fluid input or a slurry.
  • the fluid input to be extracted in this case the condensate forming in the housing 2 , is introduced into a product input 82 at the top of the column via an extraction line 84 .
  • the liquid flows downwards and inwards on the upper surface of the first fixed cone 83 and, on the inside, reaches the first rotating cone 87 , on which the liquid is distributed into a thin, turbulent film because of the centrifugal forces acting on it, and then flows upwards and outwards and passes from the outer edge of the rotating cone onto the next-lower stationary cone 83 until, having passed through all the cones, it reaches an outlet 86 at the foot of the column, where there is only a small content of volatile substances left in it.
  • steam enriched with volatile substances reaches the head of the column, it is condensed in a condenser 88 , so that the volatile substances are available in a concentrated form, dissolved in water, and can be delivered in the manner described to the dried material and/or a packing container or used in some other way.
  • baffle plates 130 Attached to the upper wall 8 beneath the opening 101 are baffle plates 130 , directed towards one other, as flow guide or sealing means which ensure that the greatest possible portion of the steam atmosphere extracted from the housing 2 through the opening 101 flows through the perforated tray or trays 34 , which are located just beneath the opening 101 . This ensures that the product located in the trays comes into intimate contact with the superheated steam.
  • Two further baffle plates 132 , 134 are arranged substantially parallel to the left-hand side wall 6 b and overlapping with a slight space between them.
  • the task of these baffle plates is, as far as possible, to prevent excessive amounts of ambient air being introduced into the housing 2 by the moving transport means 30 .
  • a gap between the baffle plates in the vicinity of the bottom wall 4 allows air or an air-rich steam atmosphere of relatively high density to escape from the housing to the outside.
  • a nozzle-like flow guide for the steam can be provided by means of a constriction, in order to cause a local increase in the flow speed and thus to achieve an intensified application and improved contact of the steam with the material to be dried.
  • an extraction line 120 leads into an extraction port 122 in the rear wall 8 and to a condenser 124 , from which condensate is conducted into a container 126 .
  • a controlled fan 128 which is controlled by a control unit on the basis of temperature and moisture or steam content information.
  • at least one temperature sensor and at least one steam content sensor are disposed inside the housing to determine the condition of the steam (relative humidity and/or degree of saturation, or steam content), preferably each in the vicinity of the upper and lower walls and/or in the vicinity of the extraction port 122 .
  • the composition of the gaseous atmosphere inside the housing can be shifted in the direction of a higher content of superheated steam at a higher temperature.
  • the extraction port can be disposed on the same level as the bottom wall, in it or above it.
  • the gas/steam atmosphere conducted in a closed circuit via the conduit 102 and the housing 2 can be heated to a desired temperature in this way.
  • the material entering the housing 2 causes an input of water or steam in the housing, so that, if sufficient energy or heat is delivered into the housing, the steam content inside the housing increases.
  • the steam content in the housing 2 can be adjusted. If there is no extraction, surplus steam is released to the outside through the inlet and/or outlet port 40 , 42 .
  • FIG. 1 shows an additional possibility of removing steam from the housing, the saturated steam and thus the surplus humidity being removed from the housing, instead of by extraction via the extraction port 122 , alternatively via a ventilation line 140 , or both.
  • the ventilation line 140 is connected to three-way valve 142 , which is also connected, via a connection line 144 to the extraction line 120 and to a further connection line 146 with an opening 148 in the bottom wall 4 .
  • the ventilation line 140 has a ventilation aperture 141 leading to the outside
  • the three-way valve 142 can be placed in a first position, in which the lines 144 and 146 are connected to one another, while the ventilation line 140 is closed off, so that extraction is effected via the openings 122 and 148 . If so desired, a check valve can be provided in the line 144 in order to ensure that, in the first position of the three-way valve, extraction occurs exclusively via the opening 122 .
  • the three-way valve 142 can be placed in a second position, in which the vent line 140 communicates with the conduit 146 , while the conduit 144 is sealed off and the fan 128 is switched off, so that the steam atmosphere within the housing communicates with the environment via the port 148 and the conduits 146 and 140 .
  • the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 includes guide ducts, or inlet and outlet ducts 150 , 152 , which, in the region of the openings in the bottom wall, namely the inlet port 40 and the outlet port 42 , extend the housing downwards and terminate openly at substantially the same height.
  • These guide ducts enclose the transport means 30 at the inlet and outlet sides and, together with the ventilation line 140 , which terminates on a higher level, ensure that surplus steam is released from the interior of the housing 2 via the ventilation line 140 , in the second position of the three-way valve 142 .
  • the steam located inside the housing has a tendency to flow downwards through the guide ducts, but encounters relatively cold ambient air in the process, so that a substantially horizontal boundary layer forms in all the guide ducts at the level of the ventilation aperture 141 .
  • the height h 0 at which the vent aperture 141 is located above the height of the free end of the guide channels may, for example, 10%, 20%, 30% or 50% of the height H of the housing, H referring to the vertical distance between the highest and lowest point of the interior of the housing.
  • the height h 0 is preferably between about 30% and 70%, e.g. 50%, of the vertical extent hb of the guide ducts, beginning at the lower wall 4 or the lowest point of the housing.
  • a height hs of the extraction port 122 above the lower wall 4 of the housing or the lowest point of the housing may be virtually zero in effect, or it may be about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% or 30% of H.
  • a height ht at which the actual drying process mainly takes place and at which or above which the horizontal sub-layer is preferably located, in which the gaseous atmosphere is of the desired high temperature and exhibits low oxygen values, may be about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the height H of the housing, measured in each case from the lower wall of the housing 4 or the lowest point of the housing.
  • a steam feed line can be used to introduce superheated steam directly into the housing 2 .
  • a steam or water feed line such as a water atomizer, leads into the conduit 102 upstream of the heating means 100 , so that by heating the steam or evaporating the water, a superheated steam atmosphere can be introduced in the region of the opening 104 .
  • the transport means 30 runs partially in an upper region of the housing at height ht in the vicinity of the upper wall 10 , i.e. inside a zone of superheated steam, after which the material is then conveyed towards the outlet port 42 located on a lower level.
  • the low position of the outlet port 42 makes it difficult for superheated steam to escape directly from the housing, which would be an undesirable loss.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a variant of the invention in which—unlike the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 —the aim is not to have a distinct horizontal succession of layers, namely a steam atmosphere that, moving from bottom to top, becomes increasingly hotter, poorer in air and oxygen and increasingly contains only superheated steam, but rather a steam atmosphere which is mixed as thoroughly as possible and homogenized within the entire housing.
  • a steam atmosphere which is mixed as thoroughly as possible and homogenized within the entire housing.
  • a forced circulation system consisting of a cyclone 162 , a fan 164 , a heat exchanger 166 , fans 168 a, b, c and, connected to them, steam guide boxes 170 a, b, c .
  • the cyclone 162 , fan 164 , heat exchanger 166 and fans 168 a, b, c may be disposed inside or outside the housing 2 .
  • either the fan 164 or the fans 168 a, b, c may be dispensed with.
  • the fan 164 sucks in the steam atmosphere across the cyclone 162 upstream, in which particles originating from the material to be dried are deposited.
  • the cyclone for its part sucks in the steam atmosphere at any suitable point or area within the housing.
  • the steam atmosphere flows through the heat exchanger 166 , having optionally been enriched with steam beforehand by means of a steam generator 165 .
  • heat may be supplied or removed as required, whereupon the steam atmosphere then enters the steam guide boxes 170 a, b, c via the fans 168 a, b, c .
  • the steam guide boxes guide the steam atmosphere through a preferably perforated conveyor belt of the transport means 30 , so that the material on it is brought into intimate contact with the steam atmosphere.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
US12/671,669 2007-08-07 2008-08-05 Method and apparatus for drying a material Abandoned US20110030237A1 (en)

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DE102007037605.9 2007-08-07
DE102007037605A DE102007037605A1 (de) 2007-08-07 2007-08-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen eines Materials
PCT/EP2008/006428 WO2009018996A2 (fr) 2007-08-07 2008-08-05 Procédé et appareil de séchage d'un matériau

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US14/740,096 Active US10113794B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2015-06-15 Method for drying a material
US15/232,952 Active US10006714B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2016-08-10 Apparatus for drying a material
US16/140,257 Abandoned US20190032997A1 (en) 2007-08-07 2018-09-24 Method and apparatus for drying a material

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US16/140,257 Abandoned US20190032997A1 (en) 2007-08-07 2018-09-24 Method and apparatus for drying a material

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EP (1) EP2174085B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5400774B2 (fr)
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CA2690262C (fr) 2015-04-07
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CA2690262A1 (fr) 2009-02-12
JP2010536006A (ja) 2010-11-25
AU2008285928A8 (en) 2012-11-01
JP5400774B2 (ja) 2014-01-29
WO2009018996A3 (fr) 2009-04-30
CN101688755B (zh) 2012-06-27
EP2174085A2 (fr) 2010-04-14
AU2008285928A1 (en) 2009-02-12
US10113794B2 (en) 2018-10-30
DE102007037605A1 (de) 2009-02-12
AU2008285928B2 (en) 2012-10-11
RU2010107979A (ru) 2011-09-20
CN101688755A (zh) 2010-03-31
RU2474775C2 (ru) 2013-02-10
AU2008285928B8 (en) 2012-11-01
US10006714B2 (en) 2018-06-26
WO2009018996A2 (fr) 2009-02-12
US20190032997A1 (en) 2019-01-31

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