US20020130311A1 - Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices - Google Patents

Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20020130311A1
US20020130311A1 US09/935,776 US93577601A US2002130311A1 US 20020130311 A1 US20020130311 A1 US 20020130311A1 US 93577601 A US93577601 A US 93577601A US 2002130311 A1 US2002130311 A1 US 2002130311A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
semiconductor
nanometers
doped
less
bulk
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/935,776
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles Lieber
Yi Cui
Xiangfeng Duan
Yu Huang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harvard College
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US09/935,776 priority Critical patent/US20020130311A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE reassignment PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CUI, YI, DUAN, XIANGFENG, HUANG, YU, LIEBER, CHARLES M.
Priority to JP2003511316A priority patent/JP2004535066A/ja
Priority to AU2002324426A priority patent/AU2002324426B2/en
Priority to EP02759070A priority patent/EP1436841A1/de
Priority to PCT/US2002/016133 priority patent/WO2003005450A2/en
Priority to CA002447728A priority patent/CA2447728A1/en
Priority to US10/196,337 priority patent/US7301199B2/en
Publication of US20020130311A1 publication Critical patent/US20020130311A1/en
Priority to US11/082,372 priority patent/US7211464B2/en
Priority to US11/172,408 priority patent/US20060175601A1/en
Priority to US11/386,080 priority patent/US20070281156A1/en
Priority to US11/543,746 priority patent/US20070032052A1/en
Priority to US11/543,352 priority patent/US7666708B2/en
Priority to US11/543,353 priority patent/US7915151B2/en
Priority to US11/543,336 priority patent/US7476596B2/en
Priority to US11/543,337 priority patent/US8153470B2/en
Priority to US11/543,326 priority patent/US7595260B2/en
Priority to US11/824,618 priority patent/US20070252136A1/en
Priority to US12/072,844 priority patent/US20090057650A1/en
Priority to JP2008156094A priority patent/JP2008300848A/ja
Assigned to NAVY, SECRETARY OF THE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA reassignment NAVY, SECRETARY OF THE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONFIRMATORY LICENSE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Priority to US12/459,177 priority patent/US20100155698A1/en
Priority to US13/490,325 priority patent/US20120329251A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
    • H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
    • H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/48—Silver or gold
    • B01J23/50—Silver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/48—Silver or gold
    • B01J23/52—Gold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/72—Copper
    • B01J35/23—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
    • B01J37/349—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of flames, plasmas or lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
    • B81C1/00134—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems comprising flexible or deformable structures
    • B81C1/0019—Flexible or deformable structures not provided for in groups B81C1/00142 - B81C1/00182
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
    • B81C1/00206—Processes for functionalising a surface, e.g. provide the surface with specific mechanical, chemical or biological properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
    • C30B25/005—Growth of whiskers or needles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
    • C30B29/605—Products containing multiple oriented crystallites, e.g. columnar crystallites
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
    • G01N27/4146—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanotubes, nanowires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0009—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change
    • G11C13/0014—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change comprising cells based on organic memory material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0009—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change
    • G11C13/0014—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change comprising cells based on organic memory material
    • G11C13/0019—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change comprising cells based on organic memory material comprising bio-molecules
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using elements whose operation depends upon chemical change
    • G11C13/025—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using elements whose operation depends upon chemical change using fullerenes, e.g. C60, or nanotubes, e.g. carbon or silicon nanotubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
    • H01L21/02532—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
    • H01L21/0254—Nitrides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
    • H01L21/02543—Phosphides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H01L21/02551—Group 12/16 materials
    • H01L21/02557—Sulfides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H01L21/02551—Group 12/16 materials
    • H01L21/0256—Selenides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/0257—Doping during depositing
    • H01L21/02573—Conductivity type
    • H01L21/02581—Transition metal or rare earth elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02587—Structure
    • H01L21/0259—Microstructure
    • H01L21/02603—Nanowires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02623—Liquid deposition
    • H01L21/02628—Liquid deposition using solutions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
    • H01L21/02639—Preparation of substrate for selective deposition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
    • H01L21/02639—Preparation of substrate for selective deposition
    • H01L21/02645—Seed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
    • H01L21/02653—Vapour-liquid-solid growth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
    • H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
    • H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
    • H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
    • H01L23/53276—Conductive materials containing carbon, e.g. fullerenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/04—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their crystalline structure, e.g. polycrystalline, cubic or particular orientation of crystalline planes
    • H01L29/045—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their crystalline structure, e.g. polycrystalline, cubic or particular orientation of crystalline planes by their particular orientation of crystalline planes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
    • H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
    • H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
    • H01L29/0669—Nanowires or nanotubes
    • H01L29/0673—Nanowires or nanotubes oriented parallel to a substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
    • H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
    • H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
    • H01L29/0669—Nanowires or nanotubes
    • H01L29/068—Nanowires or nanotubes comprising a junction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
    • H01L29/1602—Diamond
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/18—Selenium or tellurium only, apart from doping materials or other impurities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
    • H01L29/207—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds further characterised by the doping material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/22—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIBVI compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/24—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only semiconductor materials not provided for in groups H01L29/16, H01L29/18, H01L29/20, H01L29/22
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/26—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, elements provided for in two or more of the groups H01L29/16, H01L29/18, H01L29/20, H01L29/22, H01L29/24, e.g. alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/26—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, elements provided for in two or more of the groups H01L29/16, H01L29/18, H01L29/20, H01L29/22, H01L29/24, e.g. alloys
    • H01L29/267—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, elements provided for in two or more of the groups H01L29/16, H01L29/18, H01L29/20, H01L29/22, H01L29/24, e.g. alloys in different semiconductor regions, e.g. heterojunctions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
    • H10K85/221—Carbon nanotubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/04—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
    • G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
    • G11C2213/77—Array wherein the memory element being directly connected to the bit lines and word lines without any access device being used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
    • G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
    • G11C2213/81—Array wherein the array conductors, e.g. word lines, bit lines, are made of nanowires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/0257—Doping during depositing
    • H01L21/02573—Conductivity type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02587—Structure
    • H01L21/0259—Microstructure
    • H01L21/02606—Nanotubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/0262—Reduction or decomposition of gaseous compounds, e.g. CVD
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02631—Physical deposition at reduced pressure, e.g. MBE, sputtering, evaporation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
    • H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
    • H01L33/18—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous within the light emitting region
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/30—Doping active layers, e.g. electron transporting layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S438/00—Semiconductor device manufacturing: process
    • Y10S438/962—Quantum dots and lines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
    • Y10S977/762—Nanowire or quantum wire, i.e. axially elongated structure having two dimensions of 100 nm or less
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/842—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure for carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
    • Y10S977/847—Surface modifications, e.g. functionalization, coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/849—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure with scanning probe
    • Y10S977/855—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure with scanning probe for manufacture of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/858—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure with scanning probe for manufacture of nanostructure including positioning/mounting nanostructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/882—Assembling of separate components, e.g. by attaching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/882—Assembling of separate components, e.g. by attaching
    • Y10S977/883—Fluidic self-assembly, FSA
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/89—Deposition of materials, e.g. coating, cvd, or ald
    • Y10S977/892—Liquid phase deposition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
    • Y10S977/936—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application in a transistor or 3-terminal device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to sub-microelectronic semiconductor devices, and more particularly to nanometer-scale semiconductor articles, for example, nanowires, doped to provide n-type and p-type conductivity, the growth of such articles, and the arrangement of such articles to fabricate devices.
  • Typical state-of-the-art semiconductor fabrication facilities involve relatively high cost, and require a clean room and the use of toxic chemicals such as hydrogen fluoride. While semiconductor and microfabrication technology is well-developed, there is a continuing need for improvements, preferably including smaller-scale, environmentally-friendly fabrication, at lower cost.
  • a free-standing bulk-doped semiconductor comprising at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • the semiconductor comprises: an interior core comprising a first semiconductor; and an exterior shell comprising a different material than the first semiconductor.
  • the semiconductor is elongated.
  • a ratio of the length of the section to a longest width is greater than 4:1, or greater than 10:1, or greater than 100:1, or even greater than 1000:1.
  • At least one portion of the semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS/MgS/Mg
  • the semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an n-type is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • the semiconductor is part of a device.
  • the semiconductor is n-doped.
  • the semiconductor is either lightly n-doped or heavily n-doped.
  • the semiconductor is p-doped.
  • the semiconductor is either lightly p-doped or heavily p-doped.
  • the semiconductor is a single crystal.
  • the semiconductor is magnetic; the semiconductor comprises a dopant making the semiconductor magnetic the semiconductor is ferromagnetic; the semiconductor comprises a dopant that makes the semiconductor ferromagnetic; and/or the semiconductor comprises manganese.
  • an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers.
  • the semiconductor is free-standing.
  • the semiconductor comprises: an interior core comprising a first semiconductor; and an exterior shell comprising a different material than the first semiconductor.
  • a ratio of the length of the section to a longest width is greater than 4:1, or greater than 10:1, or greater than 100:1 or even greater than 1000:1.
  • At least one longitudinal section of the semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • At least one longitudinal section of the semiconductor has a largest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AIN/AIP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS/MgS/MgS/MgS/M
  • the semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an n-type dopant is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • the semiconductor is part of a device.
  • the semiconductor is n-doped.
  • the semiconductor is either lightly n-doped or heavily n-doped.
  • the semiconductor is p-doped.
  • the semiconductor is either lightly p-doped or heavily p-doped.
  • the semiconductor is a single crystal.
  • a doped semiconductor comprising a single crystal.
  • the semiconductor is bulk-doped.
  • the semiconductor is elongated.
  • a ratio of the length of the section to a longest width is greater than 4:1, or greater than 10:1, or greater than 100:1, or even greater than 1000:1.
  • At least one portion of the semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AIP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS/MgS/MgS/MgS/M
  • the semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an n-type dopant is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, where a phenomena produced by a section of the bulk-doped semiconductor exhibits a quantum confinement caused by a dimension of the section.
  • the longitudinal section is capable of emitting light in response to excitation, wherein a wavelength of the emitted light is related to the width.
  • the wavelength of the emitted light is a function of the width; the longitudinal section is capable of transporting electrical carriers without scattering; the longitudinal section is capable of transporting electrical carriers such that the electrical carriers pass through the longitudinal section ballistically; the longitudinal section is capable of transporting electrical carriers such that the electrical carriers pass through the longitudinal section coherently; the longitudinal section is capable of transporting electrical carriers such that the electrical carriers are spin-polarized; and/or the longitudinal section is capable of transporting electrical carriers such that the spin-polarized electrical carriers pass through the longitudinal section without losing spin information.
  • a solution comprising one or more doped semiconductors, wherein at least one of the semiconductors is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • At least one portion of the at least one semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an n-type is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • a device comprising one or more doped semiconductors, wherein at least one of the semiconductors is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • the device comprises at least two doped semiconductor, wherein both of the at least two doped semiconductors is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • the at least two bulk-doped semiconductors are in physical contact with each other; a first of the at least two bulk-doped semiconductors is of a first conductivity type, and a second of the at least two bulk-doped semiconductors is of a second conductivity type; the first conductivity type is n-type, and the second type of conductivity type is p-type; and/or the at least two bulk-doped semiconductors form a p-n junction.
  • the device comprises one or more of the following:. a switch; a diode; a Light-Emitting Diode; a tunnel diode; a Schottky diode; a Bipolar Junction Transistor; a Field Effect Transistor; an inverter; a complimentary inverter; an optical sensor; a sensor for an analyte (e.g., DNA); a memory device; a dynamic memory device; a static memory device; a laser; a logic gate; an AND gate; a NAND gate; an EXCLUSIVE-AND gate; an OR gate; a NOR gate; an EXCLUSIVE-OR gate; a latch; a register; clock circuitry; a logic array; a state machine; a programmable circuit; an amplifier; a transformer; a signal processor; a digital circuit; an analog circuit; a light emission source; a photoluminescent device; an electroluminescent device; a rectifier; a
  • one of the device components may include the at least one semiconductor.
  • a plurality of the components of the device may include at least one semiconductor, where, for each device component, the at least one semiconductor is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • the at least one semiconductor is elongated.
  • a ratio of the length of the section to a longest width is greater than 4:1, or greater than 10:1, or greater than 100:1 or even greater than 1000:1.
  • At least one portion of the at least one semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AIP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AIN/AIP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS/M
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an n-type is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • the device comprises another semiconductor that is electrically coupled to the at least one bulk-doped semiconductor.
  • the device comprises another semiconductor that is optically coupled to the at least one bulk-doped semiconductor. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the device comprises another semiconductor that is magnetically coupled to the at least one bulk-doped semiconductor.
  • the device comprises another semiconductor that physically contacts the at least one bulk-doped semiconductor.
  • the at least one semiconductor is coupled to one or more of: an electrical contact; an optical contact; or a magnetic contact.
  • a conductivity of the at least one semiconductor is controllable in response to a signal.
  • the conductivity of the at least one semiconductor is controllable to have any value within a range of values; the at least one semiconductor is switchable between two or more states; the at least one semiconductor is switchable between a conducting state and an insulating state by the signal; two or more states of the at least one semiconductor are maintainable without an applied signal; the conductivity of the at least one semiconductor is controllable in response to an electrical signal; the conductivity of the at least one semiconductor is controllable in response to an optical signal; the conductivity of the at least one semiconductor is controllable in response to a magnetic signal; and/or the conductivity of the at least one semiconductor is controllable in response to a signal of a gate terminal.
  • the device comprises two or more separate and interconnected circuits, at least one of the circuits not comprising a bulk-doped semiconductor that comprises at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • a collection of reagents for growing a bulk-doped semiconductor that comprises at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, the collection comprising a semiconductor reagent and a dopant reagent.
  • the at least one semiconductor is elongated.
  • a ratio of the length of the section to a longest width is greater than 4:1, or greater than 10:1, or greater than 100:1 or even greater than 1000:1.
  • At least one portion of the at least one semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AIN/AIP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS/
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an n-type is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • a semiconductor is doped during growth of the semiconductor.
  • the semiconductor is free-standing; the semiconductor has a smallest width of no more than 100 nanometers; an extent of the doping is controlled; the doped semiconductor is grown by applying energy to a collection of molecules, the collection of molecules comprising molecules of the semiconductor and molecules of a dopant; an extent of the doping is controlled; a ratio of an amount of the semiconductor molecules to an amount of the dopant molecules is controlled.
  • the molecules are vaporized using a laser to form vaporized molecules; the semiconductor is grown from the vaporized molecules; the vaporized molecules are condensed into a liquid cluster; the semiconductor is grown from the liquid cluster; growing the semiconductor is performed using laser-assisted catalytic growth; the collection of molecules comprises a cluster of molecules of a catalyst material; a width of the semiconductor is controlled;
  • the width of the semiconductor is controlled by controlling a width of the catalyst cluster.
  • the act of doping includes performing chemical vapor deposition on at least the molecules; the grown semiconductor has at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 20 nanometers; the grown semiconductor has at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 10 nanometers; and/or the grown semiconductor has at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 5 nanometers.
  • the grown semiconductor is magnetic; the semiconductor is doped with a material that makes the grown semiconductor magnetic; the grown semiconductor is ferromagnetic; the semiconductor is doped with a material that makes the grown semiconductor ferromagnetic; the semiconductor is doped with manganese.
  • the at least one semiconductor is elongated.
  • a ratio of the length of the section to a longest width is greater than 4:1, or greater than 10:1, or greater than 100:1 or even greater than 1000:1.
  • At least one portion of the at least one semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AIP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AIN/AIP/AIAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS/MgS/Mg
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an n-type is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • a device is fabricated.
  • One or more semiconductors are contacted to a surface, where at least one of the semiconductors is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • the surface is a substrate; prior to contacting the surface, at least one of the semiconductors is grown by applying energy to molecules of a semiconductor and molecules of a dopant; a solution is contacted comprising the one or more semiconductors to the surface; one or more of the semiconductors are aligned on the surface using an electric field; an electric field is generated between at least two electrodes and one or more of the semiconductors are positioned between the electrodes; another solution comprising one or more other semiconductors is contacted to the surface, where at least one of the other semiconductor is a bulk-doped semiconductor comprising at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; the surface is conditioned to attach the one or more contacted semiconductors to the surface; forming channels on the surface; patterns are formed on the surface; one or more of the semiconductors are aligned on the surface using an electric field; the at least one semiconductor is elongated.
  • a ratio of the length of the section to a longest width is greater than 4:1, or greater than 10:1, or greater than 100:1 or even greater than 1000:1.
  • At least one portion of the at least one semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic is table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an n-type is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • generating light is generated by applying energy to one or more semiconductors causing the one or more semiconductors to emit light, wherein at least one of the semiconductors is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • the at least one semiconductor is elongated.
  • a ratio of the length of the section to a longest width is greater than 4:1, or greater than 10:1, or greater than 100:1 or even greater than 1000:1.
  • At least one portion of the at least one semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 200 nanometers, or less than 150 nanometers, or less than 100 nanometers, or less than 80 nanometers, or less than 70 nanometers, or less than 60 nanometers, or less than 40 nanometers, or less than 20 nanometers, or less than 10 nanometers, or even less than 5 nanometers.
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a semiconductor from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, Diamond, P, B—C, B—P(BP6), B—Si, Si—C, Si—Ge, Si—Sn and Ge—Sn, SiC, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AIP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, BN/BP/BAs, AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb, ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe, CdS/CdSe/CdTe, HgS/HgSe/HgTe, BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS/
  • the at least one semiconductor comprises a dopant from a group consisting of: a p-type dopant from Group III of the periodic table; an n-type dopant from Group V of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: B, Al and In; an n-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: P, As and Sb; a p-type dopant from Group II of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg; a p-type dopant from Group IV of the periodic table; a p-type dopant selected from a group consisting of: C and Si.; or an-type is selected from a group consisting of: Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te.
  • the at least one semiconductor is a bulk-doped;
  • the semiconductor comprises a direct-band-gap semiconductor; a voltage is applied across a junction of two crossed semiconductors, each semiconductor having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; each semiconductor has a smallest width of less than 100 nanometers; a wavelength of the emitted light is controlled by controlling a dimension of the at least one semiconductor having a smallest width of less than 100 nanometers; the semiconductor is elongated, and a width of the elongated semiconductor is controlled; the semiconductor has a property that a mass of the semiconductor emits light at a first wavelength if the mass has a minimum shortest dimension, and the controlled dimension of the semiconductor is less than the minimum shortest dimension.
  • a device having at least a doped semiconductor component and one or more other components is fabricated.
  • a semiconductor is doped during its growth to produce the doped semiconductor component, and the doped semiconductor component is attached to at least one of the one or more other components.
  • the doped semiconductor is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers.
  • the semiconductor component is at least part of a nanowire; the semiconductor is doped during growth of the semiconductor.
  • a process for controllably assembling a semiconductor device having elongated elements with a characteristic dimension in a transverse direction of the element on a nanometer scale comprising: producing at least one first elements of a first doping type, orienting said first element in a first direction, and connecting said first element to at least one first contact to allow an electrical current to flow through the first element.
  • the process further comprises producing at least one second elements of a second doping type, orienting said second element in a second direction different from the first direction, enabling an electrical contact between the first element and the second element, and connecting said second element to at least one second contact to allow an electrical current to flow between the first and second element;
  • the process further comprises connecting said first element to spaced-apart contacts and arranging a gate electrode proximate to the first element between the spaced-apart contacts, thereby forming an FET;
  • the first doping type is one of n-type or p-type;
  • the second doping type is n-type if the first doping type is p-type, and p-type if the first doping type is n-type;
  • the first element is oriented by applying at least one of an electric field or a fluid flow;
  • the first element is suspended in the fluid flow;
  • the first element is oriented by applying a mechanical tool;
  • the second element is oriented by applying at least one of an electric field or
  • a semiconductor device comprising: a silicon substrate having an array of metal contacts; a crossbar switch element formed in electrical communication with the array and having a first bar formed of a p-type semiconductor nanowire, and a second bar formed of an n-type semiconductor nanowire and being spaced away from the first bar and being disposed transversely thereto.
  • the second bar is spaces between 1-10 nm from the first bar.
  • a method for manufacturing a nanowire semiconductor device comprising positioning a first nanowire between two contact points by applying a potential between the contact points; positioning a second nanowire between two other contact points.
  • a method for manufacturing a nanowire semiconductor device comprising forming a surface with one or more regions that selectively attract nanowires.
  • a method for manufacturing a light-emitting diode from nanowires the diode having an emission wavelength determined by a dimension of a p-n junction between two doped nanowires.
  • a method for manufacturing a semiconductor junction by crossing a p-type nanowire and an n-type nanowire.
  • a method of assembling one or more elongated structures on a surface comprising acts of: flowing a fluid that comprises the one or more elongated structures onto the surface; and aligning the one or more elongated structures on the surface to form an array of the elongated structures.
  • flowing comprises flowing the fluid in a first direction and aligning comprises aligning the one or more elongated structures as the fluid flows in the first direction to form a first layer of arrayed structures
  • the method further comprises changing a direction of the flow from the first direction to a second direction, and repeating the acts of flowing and aligning; at least a first elongated structure from the first layer contacts at least a second elongated structure from the second array; one of the first and second elongated structures is doped semiconductor of a first conductivity type and another of first and second elongated structures is doped semiconductor of a second conductivity type; the first conductivity type is p-type and the second conductivity type is n-type, and wherein the first and second elongated structures form a p-n junction; the surface is a surface of a substrate; the method further comprises transferring the array of elongated structures from the surface of the substrate to a surface of another substrate; transferring comprises stamping; the one
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than less
  • elongated structures are at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, and wherein the method comprises acts of conditioning the surface with one or more functionalities that attract the one or more elongated structures to particular positions on the surface, and aligning the one or more elongated structures by attracting the one or more elongated structures to the particular positions using the one or more functionalities.
  • the act of conditioning comprises conditioning the surface with one or more molecules; the act of conditioning comprises conditioning the surface with one or more charges; the act of conditioning comprises conditioning the surface with one or more magnetos; the act of conditioning comprises conditioning the surface with one or more light intensities; conditioning the surface with one or more functionalities that attract the one or more elongated structures to particular positions on the surface using chemical force; the act of conditioning comprises conditioning the surface with one or more functionalities that attract the one or more elongated structures to particular positions on the surface using optical force; the act of conditioning comprises conditioning the surface with one or more functionalities that attract the one or more elongated structures to particular positions on the surface using electrostatic force; and/or the act of conditioning comprises conditioning the surface with one or more functionalities that attract the one or more elongated structures to particular positions on the surface using magnetic force.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers;
  • a method of assembling a plurality of elongated structures on a surface wherein one or more of the elongated structures are at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, and wherein the method comprises acts of: depositing the plurality of elongated structures onto the surface; and electrically charging the surface to produce electrostatic forces between two or more of the plurality of the elongated structures.
  • the electrostatic forces cause the two or more elongated structures to align themselves; the electrostatic forces cause the two or more elongated structures to align themselves into one or more patterns; and/or the one or more patterns comprise a parallel array.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers;
  • a method of assembling a plurality of elongated structures on a surface wherein one or more of the elongated structures are at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, and wherein the method comprises acts of: dispersing the one or more elongated structures on a surface of a liquid phase to form a Langmuir-Blodgett film; compressing the Langmuir-Blodgett film; and transferring the compressed Langmuir-Blodgett film onto a surface.
  • the surface id the surface of a substrate.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than less
  • a method of assembling a plurality of one or more elongated structures on a surface wherein at least one of the elongated structures are at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, and wherein the method comprises acts of: dispersing the one or more elongated structures in a flexible matrix; stretching the flexible matrix in a direction to produce a shear force on the one or more elongated structures that causes the at least one elongated structure to align in the direction; removing the flexible matrix; and transferring the at least one aligned elongated structure to a surface.
  • the direction is parallel to a plane of the surface
  • the act of stretching comprises stretching the flexible matrix with an electrically-induced force
  • the act of stretching comprises stretching the flexible matrix with an optically-induced force
  • the act of stretching comprises stretching the flexible matrix with a mechanically-induced force
  • the act of stretching comprises stretching the flexible matrix with a magnetically-induced force
  • the surface is a surface of a substrate
  • the flexible matrix is a polymer.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers;
  • a system for growing a doped semiconductor comprising: means for providing a molecules of the semiconductor and molecules of a dopant; and means for doping the molecules of the semiconductor with the molecules of the dopant during growth of the semiconductor to produce the doped semiconductor.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers;
  • a system for assembling one or more elongated structures on a surface comprising: means for flowing a fluid that comprises the one or more elongated structures onto the surface; and means for aligning the one or more elongated structures on the surface to form an array of the elongated structures.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than less
  • a system for assembling one or more elongated structures on a surface wherein one or more of the elongated structures are at least one of the following: is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, and wherein the system comprises: means for conditioning the surface with one or more functionalities that attract the one or more elongated structures to particular positions on the surface, and means for aligning the one or more elongated structures by attracting the one or more elongated structures to the particular positions using the one or more functionalities.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers;
  • a system for assembling a plurality of elongated structures on a surface wherein one or more of the elongated structures are at least one of the following: is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, and wherein the system comprises means for depositing the plurality of elongated structures onto the surface; and means for electrically charging the surface to produce electrostatic forces between two or more of the plurality of the elongated structures.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than less
  • a system for assembling a plurality of elongated structures on a surface wherein one or more of the elongated structures are at least one of the following: is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, and wherein the system comprises: means for dispersing the one or more elongated structures on a surface of a liquid phase to form a Langmuir-Blodgett film; means for compressing the Langmuir-Blodgett film; and means for transferring the compressed Langmuir-Blodgett film onto a surface.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than less
  • a system for assembling a plurality of one or more elongated structures on a surface wherein at least one of the elongated structures are at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers, and wherein the system comprises: means for dispersing the one or more elongated structures in a flexible matrix; means for stretching the flexible matrix in a direction to produce a shear force on the one or more elongated structures that causes the at least one elongated structure to align in the direction; means for removing the flexible matrix; and means for transferring the at least one aligned elongated structure to a surface.
  • At least one of the elongated structures are semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are doped semiconductors; at least one of the elongated structures are bulk-doped semiconductors; at least one of the structures is a doped single-crystal semiconductor; at least one of the structures is an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers; at least one of the structures is a doped semiconductor that is at least one of the following: a single crystal, an elongated and bulk-doped semiconductor that, at any point along its longitudinal axis, has a largest cross-sectional dimension less than 500 nanometers, and a free-standing and bulk-doped semiconductor with at least one portion having a smallest width of less than less
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a semiconductor article, or nanowire, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of an example of a laser assisted catalytic growth process for fabrication of semiconductor nanowires
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram that illustrates nanowire growth
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram that illustrates an example of a method for controlling nanowire diameter
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram that illustrates nanowire fabrication by deposition on the edge of surface steps
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram that illustrates nanowire growth by vapor deposition in or on an elongated template
  • FIGS. 7 A- 7 E illustrate orthogonal assembly of semiconductor nanowires to form devices
  • FIGS. 8 A- 8 C show silicon nanowire current as a function of bias voltage for different doping levels and gate voltages
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show silicon nanowire current as a function of bias voltage for different phosphorous doping levels and gate voltages
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B show energy band diagrams for p-type and n-type silicon nanowire devices, respectively;
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B show temperature dependent current-voltage curves recorded on a heavily boron doped silicon nanowire
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram that depicts the use of monodispersed gold colloids as catalysts for the growth of well-defined GaP semiconductor nanowires;
  • FIG. 13A shows a FE-SEM image of nanowires synthesized from 28.2 nanometer colloids
  • FIG. 13B shows a TEM image of another wire in the sample
  • FIGS. 14 A- 14 C show histograms of measured diameters for wires grown from different diameter colloids
  • FIG. 14D shows a histogram of diameters for wires grown using the previous method without colloids, in which the laser is used to both generate the gold nanoclusters and the GaP reactants;
  • FIG. 15 shows a pseudobinary phase diagram for gold and gallium arsenide
  • FIGS. 16 A- 16 C show FE-SEM images of different nanowires prepared by laser assisted catalytic growth
  • FIG. 17A shows a diffraction contrast TEM image of an approximately 20 nanometer diameter gallium arsenide nanowire
  • FIGS. 17 B- 17 D show high resolution TEM images of different diameter nanowires
  • FIG. 18A shows a FE-SEM image of CdSe nanowires prepared by laser assisted catalytic growth
  • FIG. 18B shows a diffraction contrast TEM image of an 18 nanometer diameter CdSe nanowire
  • FIG. 18C shows a high resolution TEM image of an approximately 13 nanometer diameter CdSe nanowire
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing GaN nanowire growth by laser assisted catalytic growth
  • FIG. 20A shows a FE-SEM image of bulk GaN nanowire synthesized by laser assisted catalytic growth
  • FIG. 20B shows a PXRD pattern recorded on bulk GaN nanowires
  • FIG. 21A shows a diffraction contrast TEM image of a GaN nanowire that terminates in a faceted nanoparticle of higher contrast
  • FIG. 21B shows an HRTEM image of another GaN nanowire with a diameter of approximately 10 nanometers
  • FIGS. 22 A- 22 C illustrate doping and electrical transport of InP nanowires
  • FIGS. 23 A- 23 D illustrate crossed nanowire junctions and electrical properties
  • FIGS. 24 A- 24 D illustrate optoelectrical characterization of nanowire P-N junctions
  • FIG. 25A shows an EL image taken from a p-type Si and n-type GaN nanojunction
  • FIG. 25B shows current as a function of voltage for various gate voltages
  • FIG. 25C shows an EL spectrum for the nanojunction of FIGS. 25A;
  • FIGS. 26 A- 26 D illustrate parallel and orthogonal assembly of nanowires with electric fields
  • FIGS. 27 A- 27 F illustrate crossed silicon nanowire junctions
  • FIGS. 28 A- 28 D illustrate n + pn crossed silicon nanowire bipolar transistors
  • FIGS. 29 A- 29 D illustrate complementary inverters and tunnel diodes
  • FIGS. 30A and 30B are schematics of fluidic channel structures for flow assembly
  • FIGS. 31 A- 31 D illustrate parallel assembly of nanowire arrays
  • FIGS. 32 A- 32 D illustrate assembly of periodic nanowire arrays
  • FIGS. 33 A- 33 E illustrate layer-by-layer assembly and transport measurements of crossed nanowire arrays.
  • the present invention provides, in one aspect, techniques for controlled doping of materials such as semiconductors at a very small spatial scale, and arrangement of doped materials in position relative to each other to create useful devices.
  • One set of embodiments involves doping of a semiconductor, with a dop ant (e.g., boron, aluminum, phosphorous, arsenic, etc.) selected according to whether an n-type or p-type semiconductor is desired.
  • a dop ant e.g., boron, aluminum, phosphorous, arsenic, etc.
  • this invention involves controlled doping of semiconductors selected from among indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, cadmium selenide, and zinc selenide.
  • Dopants including, but not limited to, zinc, cadmium, or magnesium can be used to form p-type semiconductors in this set of embodiments, and dopants including, but not limited to, tellurium, sulfur, selenium, or germanium can be used as dopants to form n-type semiconductors from these materials.
  • These materials define direct band gap semiconductor materials and these and doped silicon are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the present invention contemplates use of any doped silicon or direct band gap semiconductor materials for a variety of uses.
  • a “width” of an article is a distance of a straight line from a point on a perimeter of the article through the center of the article to another point on the perimeter of the article.
  • a “width” or “cross-sectional dimension” at a point along the longitudinal axis of an elongated article is a distance along a straight line that passes through the center of the cross-section at the point and that connects two points on the perimeter of the cross section.
  • an “elongated” article e.g., semiconductor or section thereof
  • a ratio of the length of the article to the largest width at the point is greater than 2:1.
  • the “longitudinal axis” of an elongated article is an axis along a largest dimension of the article.
  • the “length” of an elongated article is a distance along the longitudinal axis from end to end of the article.
  • a “longitudinal section” of an elongated article is a portion of the elongated article along the longitudinal axis of the elongated article than can have any length greater than zero and less than or equal to the length of the article.
  • a “cross-section” at a point along the longitudinal axis of an elongated article is a plane at the point across the elongated article that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the article.
  • a “cylindrical” article is an article having an exterior shaped like a cylinder, but does not define or reflect any properties regarding the interior of the article.
  • a cylindrical article may have a solid interior or may have a hollowed-out interior.
  • a “nanowire” or “NW” is an elongated semiconductor, i.e., a nanoscale semiconductor, that at any point along its length has at least one cross-sectional dimension and, in some embodiments, two orthogonal cross-sectional dimensions less than 500 nanometers, preferably less than 200 nanometers, more preferably less than 150 nanometers, still more preferably less than 200 nanometers, even more preferably less than 70, still more preferably less than 50 nanometers, even more preferably less than 20 nanometers, still more preferably less than 10 nanometers, and even less than 5 nanometers.
  • Th e cross-section of the elongated semiconductor may have any arbitrary shape, including, but not limited to, circular, square, rectangular, elliptical. Regular and irregular shapes are included.
  • a “nanotube” or “NT” is a nanowire that has a hollowed-out core.
  • a “bulk-doped” article is an article for which a dopant is incorporated substantially throughout the crystalline lattice of the article, as opposed to an article in which a dopant is only incorporated in particular regions.
  • some articles such as carbon NTs typically are doped after the base material is grown, and thus the dopant only extends a finite distance from the surface or exterior of the carbon NT into the interior of the crystal line lattice.
  • carbon NTs are often combined as nested tubes forming alternating layers of base material and doped base material such that the dopant is not incorporated throughout the crystal line lattice of the base material.
  • nanowire As used herein to describe a “nanowire” or “NW”, “doped” means bulk-doped. Accordingly, as used herein, a “doped nanowire” or “doped NW” is a bulk-doped nanowire.
  • an “array” of articles comprises a plurality of the articles.
  • a “crossed array” is an array where at least one of the articles contacts either another of the articles or a signal node (e.g., an electrode).
  • a first article e.g., a nanowire or larger-sized structure “coupled” to a second article is disposed such that the first article either physically contacts the second article or is proximate enough to the second article to influence a property (e.g., electrical property, optical property, magnetic property) of the second article.
  • a property e.g., electrical property, optical property, magnetic property
  • the present invention contemplates, in one aspect, an elongated semiconductor that has a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers that is doped in any way (n-type or p-type).
  • the semiconductor may have a smallest width less than about 200 nanometers, less than about 150 nanometers, or less than about 100 nanometers.
  • the semiconductor has a smallest width of less than about 80 nanometers, more preferably less than about 70 nanometers, preferably less than about 50 nanometers. Smaller widths, such as those with at least one dimension of less than about nanometers, less than about 10 nanometers, or less than about 5 nanometers also are included.
  • two orthogonal cross-sectional dimensions of the elongated semiconductor may be less than the values given above.
  • the aspect ratio i.e., the ratio of semiconductor length to largest width, is greater than 2:1. In other embodiments, the aspect ratio may be greater than 4:1, greater than 10:1, greater than 100:1 or even greater than 1000:1. Semiconductors such as these, at very small dimensions, find a variety of uses as described below.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective diagram illustrating an example of a cylindrical semiconductor L1, for example, a wire-like semiconductor such as a nanowire.
  • the cylindrical semiconductor L1 has a length L2 and a longitudinal axis L3.
  • the cylindrical semiconductor LI has a plurality of widths L4 across cross-section L6, where one of the widths L4 is a smallest width at the point L5.
  • Such semiconductors may be free-standing.
  • a “free-standing” article is an article that at some point in its life is not attached to another article or that is in solution.
  • such a semiconductor may be a bulk-doped semiconductor.
  • a “bulk-doped semiconductor” article e.g. article or section of an article
  • NTs typically are doped after the semiconductor is grown, and thus the dopant only extends a finite distance from the surface or exterior of the nanotube into the interior of the crystalline lattice.
  • NTs are often combined as nested tubes (i.e.
  • cylinders forming alternating layers of semiconductor and doped semiconductor such that the dopant is not incorporated throughout the crystalline lattice of the semiconductor.
  • dopant is not incorporated throughout the crystalline lattice of the semiconductor.
  • the semiconductor may be doped during growth of the semiconductor. Doping the semiconductor during growth may result in the property that the doped semiconductor is bulk-doped. Further, such doped semiconductors may be controllably doped, such that a concentration of a dopant within the doped semiconductor can be controlled and therefore reproduced consistently, making possible the commercial production of such semiconductors.
  • a variety of devices may be fabricated using semiconductors such as those described above. Such devices include electrical devices, optical devices, mechanical devices or any combination thereof, including opto-electronic devices and electromechanical devices.
  • a field effect transistor is produced using a doped semiconductor having a smallest width of less than 500 nanometers or other width described above.
  • the doped semiconductor can be either a p-type or n-type semiconductor, as is known by those of ordinary skill in the art in FET fabrication. While FETs are known using nanotubes, to the inventors' knowledge, prior arrangements select nanotubes at random, without control over whether the nanotube is metallic or semiconducting. In such a case a very low percentage of devices are functional, perhaps less than one in twenty, or one in fifty, or perhaps approximately one in one hundred.
  • the present invention contemplates controlled doping of nanowires such that a fabrication process can involve fabricating functional FETs according to a technique in which much greater than one in fifty devices is functional.
  • the technique can involve doping a nanowire, then fabricating an FET therefrom.
  • the invention also provides lightly-doped complementary inverters (complementary metal oxide semiconductors) arranged simply by contact of an n-type semiconductor with a p-type semiconductor, for example by arrangement of crossed n-type and p-type semiconducting nanowires as shown below.
  • lightly-doped complementary inverters complementary metal oxide semiconductors
  • tunnel diodes with heavily-doped semiconducting components.
  • a tunnel diode can be arranged similarly or exactly the same as a complementary inverter, with the semiconductors being heavily doped rather than lightly doped. “Heavily doped” and “lightly doped” are terms the meaning of which is clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • One important aspect of the present invention is the ability to fabricate essentially any electronic device that can benefit from adjacent n-type and p-type semiconducting components, where the components are pre-fabricated (doped, in individual and separate processes with components separate from each other when doped) and then brought into contact after doping.
  • This is in contrast to typical prior art arrangements in which a single semiconductor is n-doped in one region and p-doped in an adjacent region, but the n-type semiconductor region and p-type semiconducting regions are initially adjacent prior to doping and do not move relative to each other prior to or after doping. That is, n-type and p-type semiconductors, initially in non-contacting arrangement, are brought into contact with each other to form a useful electronic device.
  • any device can be made in accordance with this aspect of the invention that one of ordinary skill in the art would desirably make using n-type and p-type semiconductors in combination.
  • Examples of such devices include, but are not limited to, field effect transistors (FETs), bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), tunnel diodes, complementary inverters, light emitting devices, light sensing devices, gates, inverters, AND, NAND, OR, and NOR gates, latches, flip-flops, registers, switches, clock circuitry, static or dynamic memory devices and arrays, state machines, gate arrays, and any other dynamic or sequential logic or other digital devices including programmable circuits.
  • analog devices and circuitry including but not limited to, amplifiers, switches and other analog circuitry using active transistor devices, as well as mixed signal devices and signal processing circuitry.
  • Electronic devices incorporating semiconductor nanowires can be controlled, for example, by electrical, optical or magnetic signals.
  • the control may involve switching between two or more discrete states or may involve continuous control of nanowire current, i.e., analog control.
  • the devices may be controlled as follows:
  • the device is switchable in response to biological and chemical species, for example, DNA, protein, metal ions. In more general sense, these species are charged or have dipole.
  • the device is switchable in response to the mechanical stretching, vibration and bending.
  • the device is switchable in response to the temperature.
  • the device is switchable in response to the environmental pressure.
  • the device is switchable in response to the movement of environmental gas or liquid.
  • crossed p/n junctions which can be junctions of crossed n-type and p-type nanowires.
  • Crossed p/n junctions are defined by at least one n-type semiconductor and at least one p-type semiconductor, at least one portion of each material contacting at least one portion of the other material, and each semiconductor including portions that do not contact the other component. They can be arranged by pre-doping the nanowires, then bringing them into proximity with each other using techniques described below.
  • Light-emission sources are provided in accordance with the invention as well, in which electrons and holes combine, emitting light.
  • One type of light-emission source of the invention includes at least one crossed p/n junction, in particular, crossed p-type and n-type nanowires. In this and other arrangements of the invention using crossed nanowires, the wires need not be perpendicular, but can be.
  • forward biased positive charge applied to the p-type wire and a negative charge applied to the n-type wire
  • electrons flow toward the junction in the n-type wire and holes flow toward the junction in the p-type wire.
  • holes and electrons combine, emitting light.
  • Other techniques may be used to cause one or more nanowires, or other semiconductors to emit light, as described below in more detail.
  • the wavelength of light emission can be controlled by controlling the size of at least one, and preferably both components that are crossed to form the light-emitting junction. For example, where nanowires are used, a nanowire with larger smallest dimension (broader wire) will provide emission at a lower frequency. For example, in the case of indium phosphide, at size scales associated with typical fabrication processes, the material emits at 920 nanometers. At the size scales of the present invention the wavelength of emission can be controlled to be at wavelengths shorter than 920 nanometers, for example between 920 and 580 nanometers. Wavelengths can be selected within this range, such as 900, 850, 800, 750, 700 nanometers, etc., depending upon wire size.
  • one aspect of the invention involves a semiconductor light-emission source that emits at a higher frequency than the semiconductor causing emission emits in its bulk state such increase of the frequency of emission of light is often referred to herein as quantum confinement.
  • “Bulk state”, in this context, means a state in which it is present as a component, or a portion of a component having a smallest dimension of greater than 500 nanometers. “Bulk state” also can be defined as that state causing a material's inherent wavelength or frequency of emission. The present invention provides for such control over emission frequency of essentially any semiconducting or doped semiconducting material.
  • Assembly, or controlled placement of nanowires on surfaces can be carried out by aligning nanowires using an electrical field.
  • An electrical field is generated between electrodes, nanowires are positioned between the electrodes (optionally flowed into a region between the electrodes in a suspending fluid), and will align in the electrical field and thereby can be made to span the distance between and contact each of the electrodes.
  • individual contact points are arranged in opposing relation to each other, the individual contact points being tapered to form a point directed towards each other.
  • An electric field generated between such points will attract a single nanowire spanning the distance between, and contacting each of, the electrodes.
  • individual nanowires can readily be assembled between individual pairs of electrical contacts.
  • Crossed-wire arrangements including multiple crossings (multiple parallel wires in a first direction crossed by multiple parallel wires in a perpendicular or approximately perpendicular second direction) can readily be formed by first positioning contact points (electrodes) at locations where opposite ends of the crossed wires desirably will lie. Electrodes, or contact points, can be fabricated via typical microfabrication techniques.
  • a nanowire solution can be prepared as follows. After nanowires are synthesized, they are transferred into a solvent (e.g., ethanol), and then are sonicated for several seconds to several minutes to obtain a stable suspension.
  • a solvent e.g., ethanol
  • Another arrangement involves forming surfaces including regions that selectively attract nanowires surrounded by regions that do not selectively attract them.
  • —NH 2 can be presented in a particular pattern at a surface, and that pattern will attract nanowires or nanotubes having surface functionality attractive to amines.
  • Surfaces can be patterned using known techniques such as electron-beam patterning, “soft-lithography” such as that described in International Patent Publication No. WO 96/29629, published Jul. 26, 1996, or U.S. Pat. No. 5, 512,131, issued April 30, 1996, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Additional techniques are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/142,216, filed Jul.
  • Fluid flow channels can be created at a size scale advantageous for placement of nanowires on surfaces using a variety of techniques such as those described in International Patent Publication No. WO 97/33737, published September 18, 1997, and incorporated herein by reference. Other techniques include those described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/578,589, filed May 25, 2000, and incorporated herein by reference.
  • FIGS. 7 A- 7 E show one such technique for creating a fluid flow channel using a polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) mold.
  • PDMS polydimethyl siloxane
  • the flow channel arrangement can include channels having a smallest width of less than 1 millimeter, preferably less than 0.5 millimeter, 200 microns or less. Such channels are easily made by fabricating a master by using photolithography and casting PDMS on the master, as described in the above-referenced patent applications and international publications. Larger-scale assembly is possible as well. The area that can be patterned with nanowire arrays is defined only by the feature of the channel which can be as large as desired.
  • Semiconductor nanowires have a crystalline core sheathed with 1-10 nm thick of amorphous oxide. This allows surface modification to terminate the surface with various functional groups. For example, we can use molecules, one end of which is alkyloxysilane group (e.g. —Si(OCH3)) reacting with nanowire surface, the other end of which comprise (1)—CH3,—COOH, —NH2,—SH, —OH, hydrazide, and aldehyde groups. (2) light activatable moieties: aryl azide, fluorinated aryl azide, benzophenone etc.
  • the substrate and electrodes are also modified with certain functional groups to allow nanowires to specifically bind or not bind onto the substrate/electrodes surface based on the their interaction.
  • Surface-functionalized nanowires can also be coupled to the substrate surface with functional cross-linkers, e.g. (1) Homobifunctional cross-linkers, comprising homobifunctional NHS esters, homobifunctional imidoesters, homobifunctional sulfhydryl-reactive linkers, difluorobenzene derivatives, homobifunctional photoactive linkers, homobifunctional aldehyde, bis-epoxides, homobifunctional hydarzide etc. (2) Heterobifuntional cross-linkers (3)Trifuntional cross-linkers.
  • Homobifunctional cross-linkers comprising homobifunctional NHS esters, homobifunctional imidoesters, homobifunctional sulfhydryl-reactive linkers, difluorobenzene derivatives, homobifunctional photoactive linkers, homobifunctional aldehyde, bis-epoxides, homobifunctional hydarzide etc.
  • the assembly of nanowires onto substrate and electrodes can also be assisted using bimolecular recognition.
  • Some good bio-recognitions are: DNA hybridization, antibody-antigen binding, biotin-avidin (or streptavidin) binding.
  • SiNWs elongated nanoscale semiconductors
  • LCG laser assisted catalytic growth
  • a composite target that is composed of a desired material (e.g. InP) and a catalytic material (e.g. Au) creates a hot, dense vapor which quickly condenses into liquid nanoclusters through collision with the buffer gas. Growth begins when the liquid nanoclusters become supersaturated with the desired phase and continues as long as the reactant is available. Growth terminates when the nanowires pass out of the hot reaction zone or when the temperature is turned down.
  • Au is generally used as catalyst for growing a wide range of elongated nanoscale semiconductors.
  • the catalyst is not limited to Au only.
  • a wide rage of materials such as (Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Ni, Co . . . ) can be used as the catalyst.
  • any metal that can form an alloy with the desired semiconductor material, but doesn't form more stable compound than with the elements of the desired semiconductor can be used as the catalyst.
  • the buffer gas can be Ar, N2, and others inert gases. Sometimes, a mixture of H2 and buffer gas is used to avoid un-desired oxidation by residue oxygen. Reactive gas can also be introduced when desired (e.g. ammonia for GaN). The key point of this process is laser ablation generates liquid nanoclusters that subsequently define the size and direct the growth direction of the crystalline nanowires.
  • the diameters of the resulting nanowires are determined by the size of the catalyst cluster, which in turn can be varied by controlling the growth conditions (e.g. background pressure, temperature, flow rate . . . ). For example, lower pressure generally produces nanowires with smaller diameters. Further diameter control can be done by using uniform diameter catalytic clusters.
  • nanowires with uniform size (diameter) distribution can be produced, where the diameter of the nanowires is determined by the size of the catalytic clusters, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • nanowires with different lengths can be grown.
  • nanowires can be flexibly doped by introducing one or more dopants into the composite target (e.g. (Ge for n-type doping of InP).
  • the doping concentration can be controlled by controlling the relative amount of doping element, typically 0-20%, introduced in the composite target.
  • Laser ablation may be used as the way to generate the catalytic clusters and vapor phase reactant for growth of nanowires and other related elongated nanoscale structures. but fabrication is not limited to laser ablation. many ways can be used to generate vapor phase and catalytic clusters for nanowire growth (e.g. thermal evaporation).
  • C—CVD catalytic chemical vapor deposition
  • the reactant molecules e.g., silane and the dopant
  • the reactant molecules are from vapor phase molecules (as opposed to vapor source from laser vaporization.
  • nanowires can be doped by introducing the doping element into the vapor phase reactant (e.g. diborane and phosphane for p-type and n-type doped nanowire).
  • the doping concentration can be controlled by controlling the relative amount of the doping element introduced in the composite target. It is not necessary to obtain elongated nanoscale semiconductors with the same doping ratio as that in the gas reactant. However, by controlling the growth conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure . . . ), nanowires with same doping concentration can be reproduced. And the doping concentration can be varied over a large range by simply varying the ratio of gas reactant (e.g. 1 ppm-10%).
  • nanowires of any of a variety of materials can be grown directly from vapor phase through a vapor-solid process.
  • nanowires can also be produced by deposition on the edge of surface steps, or other types of patterned surfaces, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • nanowires can be grown by vapor deposition in/on any general elongated template, for example, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the porous membrane can be porous silicon, anodic alumina or diblock copolymer and any other similar structure.
  • the natural fiber can be DNA molecules, protein molecules carbon nanotubes, any other elongated structures.
  • the source materials can be came from a solution phase rather than a vapor phase. While in solution phase, the template can also be column micelles formed by surfactant molecules in addition to the templates described above.
  • elongated nanoscale semiconductors including semiconductor nanowires and doped semiconductor nanowires
  • Such bulk-doped semiconductors may include various combinations of materials, including semiconductors and dopants. The following are non-comprehensive lists of such materials. Other materials may be used. Such materials include, but are not limited to:
  • BN/BP/BAs AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb, GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb, InN/InP/InAs/InSb,
  • any combination of two or more of the above compound e.g.: AlGaN, GaPAs, InPAs, GaInN, AlGaInN, GaInAsP . . . )
  • any combination of two or more of the above compound e.g.: (ZnCd)Se, Zn(SSe). . . )
  • II-IV-V 2 BeSiN2, CaCN2, ZnGeP2, CdSnAs2, ZnSnSb2 . . .
  • I-IV 2 -V 3 CuGeP3, CuSi2P3. . .
  • I-III-VI 2 Cu, Ag)(Al, Ga, In, Tl, Fe)(S, Se, Te)2
  • IV 3 -V 4 Si3N4, Ge3N4 . . .
  • III 2 -VI 3 Al2O3, (Al, Ga, In)2(S, Se, Te)3 . . .
  • a p-type dopant may be selected from Group III, and an n-type dopant may be selected from Group V.
  • a p-type dopant may be selected from the group consisting of B, Al and In, and an n-type dopant may be selected from the group consisting of P, As and Sb.
  • a p-type dopant may be selected from Group II, including Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg, or Group IV, including C and Si.
  • An n-type dopant may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn, S, Se and Te. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to these dopants.
  • Single crystal n-type and p-type silicon nanowires have been prepared and characterized by electrical transport measurements.
  • a “single crystal” item is an item that has covalent bonding, ionic bonding, or a combination thereof throughout the item. Such a single crystal item may include defects in the crystal, but is distinguished from an item that includes one or more crystals, not ionically or covalently bonded, but merely in close proximity to one another.
  • Laser catalytic growth was used to introduce controllably either boron or phosphorous dopants during the vapor phase growth of SiNWs.
  • SiNWs were synthesized using the laser-assisted catalytic growth (LCG) we have described previously. Briefly, a Nd-YAG laser (532 nm; 8 ns pulse width, 300 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz) may be used to ablate a gold target, which produces gold nanocluster catalyst particles within a reactor. The SiNWs may be grown in a flow of SiH 4 as the reactant.
  • LCG laser-assisted catalytic growth
  • Such SiNWs may be doped with boron by incorporating B 2 H 6 in the reactant flow, and may be doped with phosphorous using a Au-P target (99.5:0.5 wt %, Alfa Aesar) and additional red phosphorous (99%, Alfa Aesar) at the reactant gas inlet.
  • TEM Transmission electron microscopy
  • TEM studies show that the boron and phosphorous-doped SiNWs are single crystals, although these measurements do not have sufficient sensitivity to quantify the boron or phosphorous doping level in individual wires.
  • a gate electrode is used to vary the electrostatic potential of the SiNW while measuring current versus voltage of the nanowire.
  • the change in conductance of SiNWs as function of gate voltage can be used to distinguish whether a given nanowire is p-type or n-type since the conductance will vary oppositely for increasing positive (negative) gate voltages.
  • FIGS. 8 A- 8 C Typical gate-dependent current versus bias voltage (I-V) curves recorded on intrinsic and B-doped SiNWs are shown in FIGS. 8 A- 8 C.
  • the two B-doped wires shown in FIGS. 8B and 8C were synthesized using SiH 4 : B 2 H 6 ratios of 1000:1 and 2:1, respectively.
  • the two terminal I-V curves are linear and thus suggest that the metal electrodes make ohmic contacts to the SiNWs.
  • the small nonlinearity observed in the intrinsic nanowire indicates that this contact is slightly nonohmic.
  • This latter point is further supported by I-V measurements on the heavily B-doped SiNWs show in FIG. 8C.
  • This wire has a very low resistivity of 6.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ -cm and shows no dependence on V g ; that is, J-V data recorded with V g of 0 and 20 V are overlapping. These results are consistent with a high carrier concentration that is near the metallic limit.
  • the I-V data recorded on a typical heavily P-doped wire are linear, have a resistivity of 2.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ -cm, and shows no dependence on V g .
  • the low resistivity (four orders of magnitude smaller than the lightly P-doped sample) and V g independence demonstrate that high carrier concentrations can also be created via P-doping of the SiNWs.
  • a p-type nanowire (a) and n-type nanowire (b) are contacted at both ends to metal electrodes.
  • the SiNW bands bend (up for p-type; down for n-type) to bring the nanowire Fermi level in line with that of the metal contacts.
  • V g >0 the bands are lowered, which depletes the holes in B-doped SiNWs and suppress conductivity, but leads to an accumulation of electrons in P-doped SiNWs and enhance the conductivity.
  • V g ⁇ 0 will raise the bands and increase the conductivity of B-doped (p-type) SiNWs and decrease the conductivity of the P-doped (n-type) nanowires.
  • the slopes of dI/dV g for the intrinsic (2.13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 11 ) and B-doped (9.54 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 ) SiNW yield mobilities of 5.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 2 /V-s and 3.17 cm 2 /V-s, respectively.
  • the mobility for the B-doped nanowire is comparable to that expected in bulk Si at a doping concentration of 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 .
  • the mobility is expected to increase with decreasing dopant concentration, although in our intrinsic (low dopant concentration) SiNW the mobility is extremely low. It is possible that the reduced mobility is due to enhanced scattering in the smaller diameter (intrinsic) SiNW. We believe that future studies of the mobility as a function of diameter (for constant dopant concentration) should illuminate this important point.
  • SiNWs Single crystal n-type and p-type silicon nanowires
  • Laser catalytic growth was used to introduce controllably either boron or phosphorous dopants during the vapor phase growth of SiNWs.
  • Two-terminal, gate-dependent measurements made on individual boron-doped and phosphorous-doped SiNWs show that these materials behave as p-type and n-type materials, respectively.
  • Estimates of the carrier mobility made from gate-dependent transport measurements are consistent with diffusive transport, and show an indication for reduced mobility in smaller diameter wires.
  • these studies show it is possible to incorporate high dopant concentrations in the SiNWs and approach the metallic regime.
  • Temperature-dependent measurements made on heavily doped SiNWs show no evidence for single electron charging at temperatures down to 4.2 K, and thus suggest that the SiNWs possess a high degree of structural and doping uniformity.
  • Crossed SiNW p-n junctions have been formed by directed assembly of p-type (n-type) SiNWs over n-type (p-type) SiNWs. Transport measurements exhibit rectification in reverse bias and a sharp current onset in forward bias. Simultaneous measurements made on the p-type and n-type SiNWs making up the junction demonstrate that the contacts to these nanowires are ohmic (nonrectifying), and thus that the rectifying behavior is due to the p-n junction between the two SiNWs.
  • FIG. 10A shows energy band diagrams for p-type SiNW devices.
  • FIG. 10B shows energy band diagrams for n-type SiNW devices. The diagrams show schematically the effect of V g on the electrostatic potential for both types of nanowires.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B show temperature dependent I-V curves recorded on a heavily B-doped SiNW.
  • curves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 correspond to temperatures of 295, 250, 200, 150, 100, and 50 K, respectively.
  • FIG. 11B shows I-V data recorded on the nanowire at 4.2 K.
  • High-resolution TEM shows that the wires are single crystal zinc blend with a [111] growth direction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirms that the nanowire composition is stoichiometric GaP.
  • monodisperse nanocluster catalysts combined with the LCG method will enable the growth of a wide range of semiconductor nanowires with well-defined and controlled diameters, and thus opens up opportunities from fundamental properties of one-dimensional (1D) systems to the assembly of functional nanodevices.
  • T-wires have been fabricated by growing semiconductor quantum wells via molecular beam epitaxy, followed by cleavage and overgrowth on the cleaved surface, while “V-groove” nanowires have been prepared by etching trenches on a surface and then depositing a small amount of material into the resulting grooves.
  • V-groove nanowires have been prepared by etching trenches on a surface and then depositing a small amount of material into the resulting grooves.
  • One of the significant limitations of these approaches is that the nanowires are embedded in a substrate, which precludes the assembly of complex 2D and 3D nanostructures.
  • Template approaches have also been used for growing a wide-range of nanowires. These methods can provide good control over the length and diameter of nanowires, although they are limited in that polycrystalline structures are often produced.
  • GaP nanowires were grown by LCG using 8.4, 18.5, and 28.2 nm diameter gold colloids.
  • the catalyst nanoclusters are supported on a SiO 2 substrate and laser ablation is used to generate the Ga and P reactants from a solid target of GaP.
  • Field emission scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that nanowires with lengths exceeding 10 ⁇ m (FIG. 13A) were obtained using all three sizes of catalyst. Examination of the nanowire ends also shows the presence of the nanocluster catalyst (FIG. 13A, inset). Control experiments carried out without the Au colloids did not produce nanowires.
  • the FESEM images show that the nanowire diameter distributions are narrower than obtained in experiments without the colloid catalysts, although FESEM is not a good method for quantifying these distributions since small variations in the focal plane can produce significant changes in the observed diameter.
  • the chamber was evacuated to less than 100 mTorr, and then maintained at 250 Torr with an Airflow of 100 sccm.
  • the substrates were examined by FESEM (LEO 982).
  • FESEM EDAX analysis, nanowires were deposited onto copper grids after removal from the substrates by sonication in ethanol.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic depicting the use of monodisperse gold colloids as catalysts for the growth of well-defined GaP semiconductor nanowires.
  • FIG. 13A shows a FESEM image of nanowires synthesized from 28.2 nm colloids (scale bar is 5 ⁇ m).
  • the inset is a TEM image of the end of one of these wires (scale bar is 50 nm).
  • the high contrast feature corresponds to the colloid catalyst at the end of the wire.
  • FIG. 13B shows a TEM image of another wire in this sample (scale bar is 10 nm).
  • the [111] lattice planes are resolved, showing that wire growth occurs along this axis, in agreement with earlier work. Measurement of the inter-plane spacing gives a lattice constant of 0.54 nm ( ⁇ 0.05 mn) for the wire, in agreement with the bulk value for GaP, 0.5451 nm.
  • FIGS. 14 A- 14 C show histograms of measured diameters for wires grown from 28.2 nm (FIG. 14A), 18.5 nm (FIG. 14B), and 8.4 nm (FIG. 14C) colloids.
  • the solid line shows the distribution of wire.
  • FIG. 14D shows a histogram of diameters for wires grown using the previous method without colloids, in which the laser is used to both generate the Au nanoclusters and the GaP reactants.
  • the distribution is very broad (stan. dev. 23.9 nm) and the mean diameter (42.7 nm) greater than those synthesized using the predefined colloid catalyst.
  • the reported nanowire diameters correspond to the crystalline cores.
  • the amorphous oxide layers on the surface of all nanowires are relatively uniform from wire to wire within the same experiment, but vary from 2-6 nm in thickness between syntheses.
  • Nanowires of binary group III-V materials GaAs, GaP, InAs and InP
  • ternary Ill-V materials GaAs/P, InAs/P
  • binary II-VI compounds ZnS, ZnSe, CdS, and CdSe
  • binary SiGe alloys have been prepared in bulk quantities as high purity (>90%) single crystals.
  • the nanowires have diameters varying from three to tens of nanometers, and lengths extending to tens of micrometers. The synthesis of this wide range of technologically important semiconductor nanowires can be extended to many other materials and opens up significant opportunities in nanoscale science and technology.
  • Nanowires and nanotubes have been the focus of considerable attention, because they have the potential to answer fundamental questions about one-dimensional systems and are expected to play a central role in applications ranging from molecular electronics to novel scanning microscopy probes.
  • To explore such diverse and exciting opportunities requires nanowire materials for which the chemical composition and diameter can be varied.
  • considerable effort has been placed on the bulk synthesis of nanowires, and while advances have been made using template, laser ablation, solution, and other methods, in no case has it been demonstrated that one approach could be exploited in a predictive manner to synthesize a wide range of nanowire materials.
  • LCG laser-assisted catalytic growth
  • semiconductor nanowires of the Ill-V materials GaAs, GaP, GaAsP, InAs, InP and InAsP, the II-VI materials ZnS, ZnSe, CdS and CdSe, and IV-IV alloys of SiGe can be synthesized in high yield and purity using this approach.
  • Compound semiconductors, such as GaAs and CdSe, are especially interesting targets since their direct band gaps give rise to attractive optical and electrooptical properties.
  • the nanowires have been prepared as single crystals with diameters as small as 3 nm, which places them in a regime of strong radial quantum confinement, and lengths exceeding 10 ⁇ m.
  • the prediction of growth conditions for binary and more complex nanowires using the LCG method is, in principle, significantly more difficult than previous studies of elemental Si and Ge nanowires due to the complexity of ternary and higher order phase diagrams.
  • this complexity can be greatly reduced by considering pseudobinary phase diagrams for the catalyst and compound semiconductor of interest.
  • the pseudobinary phase diagram of Au-GaAs shows that Au-Ga-As liquid and GaAs solid are the principle phases above 630° C. in the GaAs rich region (FIG. 15). This implies that Au can serve as a catalyst to grow GaAs nanowires by the LCG method, if the target composition and growth temperature are set to this region of the phase diagram.
  • the structure and composition of the GaAs nanowires have been characterized in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), convergent beam electron diffraction (ED) and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDX).
  • TEM studies show that the nanowires have diameters ranging from 3 nm to ca 30 nm.
  • a typical diffraction contrast image of a single 20 nm diameter wire (FIG. 17A) indicates that the wire is single crystal (uniform contrast) and uniform in diameter.
  • the Ga:As composition of this wire determined by EDX, 51.4:48.6, is the same, within limits of instrument sensitivity, as the composition obtained from analysis of a GaAs crystal standard.
  • the ED pattern recorded perpendicular to the long axis of this nanowire can be indexed for the ⁇ 112>zone axis of the ZB GaAs structure, and thus shows that growth occurs along the [111] direction.
  • Extensive measurements of individual GaAs nanowires show that growth occurs along the ⁇ 111>directions in all cases.
  • This direction and the single crystal structure are further confirmed by lattice resolved TEM images (e.g., FIG. 17B) that show clearly the (111) lattice planes (spacing 0.32+/ ⁇ 0.01 nm; bulk GaAs, 0.326 nm) perpendicular to the wire axis.
  • the nanowires produced by MOCVD method are distinct from the materials reported in this communication in several regards, including (1) the MOCVD nanowires are produced on surfaces and not in the bulk quantities required for assembly, (2) the MOCVD nanowires taper significantly from the base to their ends (that is, they do not have uniform diameters), and (3) the smallest nanowire diameters, 10-15 nm, are significantly larger than the 3-5 nm diameters achieved in our work. Lastly, as described below, it is important to recognize that our LCG method is readily extended to many different materials (e.g., Table-1) simply by producing solid targets of the material of interest and catalyst.
  • FIGS. 18A and 18C demonstrate that these materials are single crystals with a W-type structure and ⁇ 110>growth direction that is clearly distinguished from the ⁇ 111>is direction of ZB structures.
  • Studies of CdS nanowires show somewhat more complex behavior; that is, W-type nanowires with growth along two distinct ⁇ 100>and ⁇ 002>directions.
  • the ⁇ 002>direction assigned for a minority of CdS nanowires could correspond to the ⁇ 111>direction of a ZB structure.
  • X-ray diffraction measurements made on bulk nanowire samples are consistent with the W assignment.
  • previous studies of W-type CdS and CdSe nanoclusters showed elongation along the ⁇ 002>direction.
  • systematic studies of nanowire structure as a function of growth temperature should help to elucidate the origin of these results for CdS, and could also provide insight into how nanowire growth direction might be controlled.
  • the apparatus and general procedures for LCG growth of nanowires have been described previously.
  • the targets used in syntheses consisted of (material) 0.95 Au 0.05 .
  • Specific temperatures used for the growth of different nanowire materials are given in Table-1.
  • the nanowire products were collected at the down-stream cold end of the furnace.
  • the nanowire samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (SCINTAG XDS 2000), FE-SEM (LEO 982), and TEM (Philips 420 and JEOL 2010). Electron diffraction and composition analysis (EDX) measurements were also made on the TEMs. Samples for TEM analysis were prepared as follows: samples were briefly sonicated in ethanol, which suspended the nanowire material, and then a drop of suspension was placed on a TEM grid and allowed to dry.
  • Template mediated methods using membranes and nanotubes have been used to prepare a number of materials.
  • these nanowires typically have diameters >10 nm, which are larger than those desired for strong quantum confinement effects, and often have polycrystalline structures that make it difficult to probe intrinsic physical properties.
  • Table 1 is a summary of single crystal nanowires synthesized. The growth temperatures correspond to ranges explored in these studies.
  • the minimum (Min.) and average (Ave.) nanowire diameters (Diam.) were determined from TEM and FE-SEM images. Structures were determined using electron diffraction and lattice resolved TEM imaging: ZB, zinc blende; W, wurtzite; and D, diamond structure types. Compositions were determined from EDX measurements made on individual nanowires. All of the nanowires were synthesized using Au as the catalyst, except GaAs, for which Ag and Cu were also used. The GaAs nanowires obtained with Ag and Cu catalysts have the same size, structure and composition as those obtained with the Au catalyst. Growth Min.
  • FIG. 15 shows a pseudobinary phase diagram for Au and GaAs.
  • the liquid Au—Ga—As component is designated by L.
  • FIGS. 16 A- 16 C show FE-SEM images of GaAs (FIG. 16A), GaP (FIG. 16B) and GaAs 0.6 P 0.4 (FIG. 16C) nanowires prepared by LCG.
  • the scale bars in FIGS. 16 A- 16 C are 2 ⁇ m.
  • the insets in FIGS. 16 A- 16 C are TEM images of GaAs, GaP and GaAs 0.6 P 0.4 nanowires, respectively.
  • the scale bars in are all 50 nm.
  • the high contrast (dark) features correspond to the solidified nanocluster catalysts.
  • FIG. 17A shows a diffraction contrast TEM image of a ca. 20 nm diameter GaAs nanowire.
  • the inset shows a convergent beam electron diffraction pattern (ED) recorded along the ⁇ 112>zone axis.
  • the [111] direction of the ED pattern is parallel to the wire axis, and thus shows that growth occurs along the [111] direction.
  • the scale bar corresponds to 20 nm.
  • FIG. 17B shows a high-resolution TEM image of a ca. 20 nm diameter GaAs nanowire.
  • FIGS. 17C and 17D show high-resolution TEM images of 10 and 6 nm diameter, respectively, GaAs 0.6 P 0.4 nanowires.
  • the (111) lattice planes (perpendicular to the wire axes) are clearly resolved in all three nanowires.
  • the scale bars in FIGS. 17C and 17D are 5 nm.
  • FIG. 18A shows a FE-SEM image of CdSe nanowires prepared by LCG.
  • the scale bar corresponds to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the inset in FIG. 18A is a TEM image of an individual CdSe nanowire exhibiting nanocluster (dark feature) at the wire end. EDX shows that the nanocluster is composed primarily of Au.
  • the scale bar is 50 nm.
  • FIG. 18B shows a diffraction contrast TEM image of a 18 nm diameter CdSe nanowire. The uniform contrast indicates that the nanowire is single crystal.
  • the inset in FIG. 1 8 B is an ED pattern, which has been indexed to the wurtzite structure, recorded along the ⁇ 001>zone axis.
  • the [110] direction of the ED pattern is parallel to the wire axis, and thus shows that growth occurs along the [110] direction.
  • the scale bar is 50 nm.
  • FIG. 18C shows a high-resolution TEM image of a ca. 13 nm diameter CdSe nanowire exhibiting well-resolved (100) lattice planes.
  • the experimental lattice spacing, 0.36 ⁇ 0.01 nm is consistent with the 0.372 nm separation in bulk crystals.
  • the 300 orientation (100) lattice planes with respect to the nanowire axis is consistent with the [110] growth direction determined by ED.
  • the scale bar corresponds to 5 nm.
  • Single crystalline GaN nanowires have been synthesized in bulk quantities using laser-assisted catalytic growth (LCG).
  • Laser ablation of a (GaN, Fe) composite target generates liquid nanoclusters that serve as catalytic sites confining and directing the growth of crystalline nanowires.
  • Field emission scanning electron microscopy shows that the product primarily consists of wire-like structures, with diameters on the order of 10 nm, and lengths greatly exceeding 1 ⁇ m.
  • Powder X-ray diffraction analyses of bulk nanowire samples can be indexed to the GaN wurtzite structure, and indicate >95% phase purity.
  • Nanostructured GaN materials have attracted extensive interest over the past decade due to their significant potential for optoelectronics. These studies have primarily focused on zero dimensional (0D) quantum dots and two dimensional (2D) quantum well structures, which can be readily synthesized using established methods. Investigations of one dimensional (1D) GaN nanowires, which could enable unique opportunities in fundamental and applied research, have been limited due to difficulties associated with their synthesis. Specifically, there has been only one report of GaN nanowire growth. In this work, carbon nanotubes were used as templates in the presence of Ga-oxide and NH 3 vapor to yield GaN nanowires. We have exploited predictable synthetic approach for GaN nanowire growth called laser-assisted catalytic growth (LCG).
  • LCG laser-assisted catalytic growth
  • a pulsed laser is used to vaporize a solid target containing desired material and a catalyst, and the resulting liquid nanoclusters formed at elevated temperature direct the growth and define the diameter of crystalline nanowires through a vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism.
  • the catalyst used to define ID growth can be selected from phase diagram data and/or knowledge of chemical reactivity.
  • a related approach termed solution-liquid-solid phase growth has been used by Buhro and coworkers to prepare nanowires of several Ill-V materials in solution, although not nitrides.
  • LCG using a GaN/Fe target produces a high yield of nanometer diameter wire-like structures.
  • a typical FE-SEM image of the product produced by LCG (FIG. 20A) shows that the product consists primarily of 1D structures with diameters on the orders of 10 nm and lengths greatly exceeding 1 ⁇ m; that is, high aspect ratio nanowires.
  • the FE-SEM data also show that the products consist of ca. 90% nanowires, with the remaining being nanoparticles.
  • PXRD PXRD
  • the LCG experimental apparatus is similar to that reported previously.
  • the experimental system was evacuated to 30 mtorr, and then refilled with anhydrous ammonia gas. While the pressure and flow rate were maintained at ca. 250 torr and 80 sccm, respectively, the furnace temperature was increased to 900° C. at 30° C. /min.
  • a pulsed Nd-YAG laser (1064 nm, 8 ns pulse width, 10 Hz repetition, 2.5 W average power) was then used to ablate the target with a typical ablation duration of 5 min.
  • FIG. 20A shows a representative diffraction contrast image of one nanowire.
  • the uniform contrast along the wire axis indicates that the nanowire is a single crystal.
  • the nanoparticle (dark, high contrast feature) observed at the nanowire end is faceted as expected following crystallization of the liquid nanocluster (FIG. 19).
  • EDX to address the composition of the nanowires and terminal nanoparticles. Data recorded on the nanowire show only Ga and N in a ratio ca. the same as a GaN standard, while the nanoparticles contain Ga, N, and Fe. The presence of Fe (with Ga and N) only in the terminal nanoparticle confirms the catalytic nature of Fe in the synthesis.
  • the image which was recorded along the ⁇ 001>zone axis, shows clearly the single crystal structure of the nanowire and the lattice planes along the [100], [010] and [-110] directions. This image demonstrates that the [100] direction runs parallel to the wire axis, and thus confirms the [100] growth direction in GaN nanowires.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing GaN nanowire growth by laser-assisted catalytic growth.
  • FIG. 20A shows a FE-SEM (LEO 982) image of bulk GaN nanowires synthesized by LCG. The scale bar corresponds to 1 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 20B shows a PXRD (Scintag, XDS2000) pattern recorded on bulk GaN nanowires. The numbers above the peaks correspond to the (hkl) values of the wurtzite structure.
  • FIG. 21A shows a diffraction contrast TEM (Philips, EM420) image of a GaN nanowire that terminates in a faceted nanoparticle of higher (darker) contrast.
  • the inset in FIG. 21A shows a CBED pattern recorded along ⁇ 001>zone axis over the region indicated by the white circle.
  • the white scale bar corresponds to 50 nm.
  • FIG. 21B shows a HRTEM (JEOL 2010) image of another GaN nanowire with a diameter of ca. 10 nm. The image was taken along ⁇ 001>zone axis.
  • the [100], [010] and [ ⁇ 110] directions are indicated with the [100] parallel to the wire axis.
  • the white scale bar corresponds to 5 nm.
  • Nanowires such as nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs)
  • NTs nanotubes
  • FETs field effect transistors
  • nanoscale structures as building blocks for bottom-up assembly of active devices and device arrays, which can eliminate the need for costly fabrication lines, will require that the electronic properties of the different blocks be both defined and controllable.
  • gate-dependent transport measurements demonstrate that indium phosphide (InP) NWs can be synthesized with controlled n-type and p-type doping, and can function as nanoscale FETs.
  • InP indium phosphide
  • the availability of well-defined n- and p-type materials has enabled the creation of p-n junctions by forming crossed NW arrays. Transport measurements reveal that the nanoscale p-n junctions exhibit well-defined current rectification.
  • Single crystal InP NWs have been prepared by a laser-assisted catalytic growth (LCG), which has been described previously.
  • the n-type and p-type InP NWs were prepared using tellurium (Te) and zinc (Zn) as dopants, respectively, and found to be of similar high quality as NWs produced without the addition of dopants.
  • Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images of as-synthesized Zn-doped InP NWs (FIG. 22A) demonstrate that the wires extend up to tens of micrometers in length with diameters on the order of 10 nanometers.
  • High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images (inset, FIG.
  • the doped NWs are single crystals with ⁇ 111>growth directions.
  • a 1-2 nm amorphous over-layer on the NWs is visible in TEM images. This thin layer is attributed to oxides formed when the NWs are exposed to air after synthesis.
  • the overall composition of individual NWs determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was found to be 1:1 In:P, thus confirming the stoichiometric composition of the NWs.
  • EDX and other elemental analytic methods are, however, insufficiently sensitive to determine the doping level in individual NWs.
  • FIGS. 22B and 22C and 100c show the typical gate-dependent I-V curves obtained from individual Te- and Zn-doped NWs respectively.
  • the transport data (FIG. 22B) recorded on Te-doped NWs show an increase in conductance for V g >0, while the conductance decreases for V g ⁇ 0. These data clearly show that Te-doped InP NWs are n-type.
  • Gate-dependent transport data recorded on Zn-doped NWs show opposite changes in conductance with variation in V g compared to the n-type, Te-doped InP NWs. Specifically, for V g >0, conductance decreases and for V g ⁇ 0 conductance increases (FIG. 22C). These results demonstrate that the Zn-doped InP NWs are p-type.
  • the gate voltage can be used to completely deplete electrons and holes in n- and p-type NWs such that the conductance becomes immeasurably small.
  • the conductance of the NW in FIG. 22B can be switched from a conducting (on) to an insulating (off) state when V g is less than or equal to ⁇ 20 V, and thus it functions as a FET.
  • the conductance modulation can be as large as 4-5 orders of magnitude for some of the NWs.
  • the relatively large switching voltage is related to the thick (600 nm) oxide barrier used in our measurements.
  • This gate-dependent behavior is similar to that of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) FETs and recent studies of semiconducting NT FETs.
  • MOS metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • An important distinction of our work with respect to NTs is that predictable semiconducting behavior can be achieved in every NW. Taken together, these results clearly illustrate that single crystal InP NWs can be synthesized with controlled carrier type. Because these NWs are produced in bulk quantities, they represent a readily available material for assembling devices and device arrays.
  • FIG. 23A shows a representative crossed NW device formed with a 29 nm and 40 nm diameter NW. The four arms are designated as A, B, C, D for the simplicity of discussion below.
  • the types of junctions studied are controllable for every experiment since we can select the types of NWs used to produce the crossed junction prior to assembly.
  • FIGS. 23B and 23C show the current-voltage (I-V) data recorded on n-n and p-p junctions, respectively.
  • the transport data recorded on the individual NWs AC, BD
  • curves 80, FIG. 23B and curve 82, FIG. 23C show linear or nearly linear I-V behavior.
  • FIG. 23D shows typical I-V behavior of a crossed NW p-n junction.
  • the linear I-V of the individual n- and p-type NWs components indicates ohmic contact between the NWs and metal electrodes.
  • Transport behavior across the p-n junction shows clear current rectification; i.e., little current flows in reverse bias, while there is a sharp current onset in forward bias.
  • the behavior is similar to bulk semiconductor p-n junctions, which form the basis for many critical electronic and optoelectronic devices.
  • rectification arises from the potential barrier formed at the interface between p- and n-type materials.
  • the barrier is reduced and a relatively large current can flow through the junction; on the other hand, only small current can flow in reverse bias since the barrier is further increased.
  • FIG. 24A shows an EL image taken from a typical NW p-n junction at forward bias, and the inset shows the PL image of a crossed NW junction.
  • the PL image clearly shows two elongated wire-like structures, and the EL image shows that the light comes from a point-like source. Comparison of the EL and PL images shows that the position of the EL maximum corresponds to the crossing point in the PL image, thus demonstrating the light indeed comes out from the NW p-n junction.
  • the I-V characteristic of the junction shows clear rectification with a sharp current onset at ⁇ 1.5 volts.
  • the EL intensity versus voltage curve of the junction shows significant light can be detected with our system at a voltage as low as 1.7 volts.
  • the EL intensity increases rapidly with the bias voltage, and resembles the I-V behavior.
  • the EL spectrum (FIG. 24C) shows a maximum intensity around 820 nm, which is significantly blue shifted relative to the bulk band gap of InP (925 nm). The blue-shift is due in part to quantum confinement of the excitons, although other factors may also contribute.
  • GaN is a direct wide bandgap semiconductor material, which emits light in the short wavelength (UV and blue) region at room temperature. Blue LEDs are important as emitters where strong, energy efficient and reliable light source are needed. Also it is important to enable production of full color LED displays and LED white lamp, since blue is one of the three primary colors (red, green and blue).
  • FIG. 25A shows an EL image taken from two P-type Si and N-type GaN crossed nanojunctions.
  • the p-Si is doped with Boron.
  • FIG. 25B shows current vs. voltage for various gate voltages.
  • the nanojunction shows good rectification at different gate voltages.
  • the El spectrum shown in FIG. 25C shows light emission is about 380 nm and 470 nm.
  • a n-InP and p-Si nanojunction has good rectification.
  • E-field assembly of NWs between an array of electrodes demonstrates that individual NWs can be positioned to bridge pairs of diametrically-opposed electrodes and form a parallel array.
  • the alignment can be done in a layer-by-layer fashion to produce crossed NW junctions (FIG. 26D).
  • InP NWs were synthesized using LCG.
  • the LCG target typically consisted of 94% (atomic ratio) InP, 5% Au as the catalyst, and 1% of Te or Zn as the doping element.
  • the furnace temperature (middle) was set at 800° C. during growth, and the target was placed at the upstream end rather than middle of the furnace.
  • a pulsed (8 ns, 10 Hz) Nd-YAG laser (1064 nm) was used to vaporize the target. Typically, growth was carried out for 10 minutes with NWs collected at the downstream, cool end of the furnace.
  • Transport measurement on individual NWs were carried out using published procedures. Briefly, NWs were first dispersed in ethanol, and then deposited onto oxidized silicon substrates (600 nm oxide, 1-10 ⁇ cm resistivity), with the conductive silicon used as a back gate. Electrical contact to the NWs was defined using electron beam lithography (JEOL 6400). Ni/In/Au contact electrodes were thermally evaporated. Electrical transport measurements were made using home built system with ⁇ 1pA noise under computer control.
  • n-n and p-p junctions were obtained by random deposition.
  • the p-n junctions were obtained by layer-by-layer deposition.
  • a dilute solution of one type (e.g., n-type) of NW was deposited on the substrate, and the position of individual NWs was recorded.
  • a dilute solution of the other type (e.g., p-type) of NW was deposited, and the positions of crossed n- and p-type NWs were recorded.
  • Metal electrodes were then defined and transport behavior was measured.
  • EL was studied with a home-built micro-luminescence instrument. PL or scattered light (514 nm, Ar-ion laser) was used to locate the position of the junction. When the junction was located, the excitation laser was shut off, and then the junction was forward biased. EL images were taken with a liquid nitrogen cooled CCD camera, and EL spectra were obtained by dispersing EL with a 150 line/mm grating in a 300 mm spectrometer.
  • FIGS. 22 A- 22 C illustrate doping and electrical transport of InP NWs.
  • FIG. 22A shows a typical FE-SEM image of Zn-doped InP NWs. Scale bar is 10 ⁇ m. inset, lattice resolved TEM image of one 26 nm diameter NW. The (111) lattice planes are visible perpendicular to the wire axis. Scale bar is 10 nm.
  • FIGS. 22B and 22C show gate-dependent I-V behavior for Te- and Zn-doped NWs, respectively. The insets in FIGS. 22B and 22C show the NW measured with two terminal Ni/In/Au contact electrodes. The scale bars correspond to 1 ⁇ m. The diameter of the NW in FIG. 22B is 47 nm, while that in FIG. 22C is 45 nm. Specific gate-voltages used in the measurements are indicated on the right hand sides of the FIGS. on the corresponding I-V curves. Data were recorded at room temperature.
  • FIGS. 23 A- 23 D illustrate crossed NW junctions and electrical properties.
  • FIG. 23A shows a FE-SEM image of a typical crossed NW device with Ni/In/Au contact electrodes. The scale bar corresponds to 2 ⁇ m. The diameters of the NWs are 29 nm (A-C) and 40 nm (B-D); the diameters of the NWs used to make devices were in the range of 20-75 nm.
  • FIGS. 23 B- 23 D show I-V behavior of n-n, p-p and p-n junctions, respectively. The curves 80 and 82 correspond to the I-V behavior of individual n- and p-NWs in the junctions, respectively.
  • the curves 88 represent the I-V behavior across the junctions.
  • the current recorded for the p- and n- type NWs in FIG. 23D is divided by 10 for better viewing.
  • the solid lines represent transport behavior across one pair of adjacent arms, and the dashed lines represent that of the other three pairs of adjacent arms. Data were recorded at room temperature.
  • FIGS. 24 A- 24 D illustrate optoelectrical characterization of NW p-n junctions.
  • FIG. 24A is an EL image of the light emitted from a forward biased NW p-n junction at 2.5 V.
  • the inset in FIG. 24A shows the PL image of the junction. Both scale bars correspond to 5 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 24B shows the EL intensity versus voltage.
  • the inset in FIG. 24B shows the I-V characteristics and the inset in the inset shows the FE-SEM image of the junction itself.
  • the scale bar corresponds to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the n-type and p-type NWs forming this junction have diameters of 65 and 68 nm, respectively.
  • FIG. 24C shows an EL spectrum of the junction shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 24A shows an EL spectrum recorded from a second forward biased crossed NW p-n junction.
  • the EL maximum occurs at 680 nm.
  • the inset in FIG. 24D shows the EL image and demonstrates that the EL originates from the junction region.
  • the scale bar is 5 ⁇ m.
  • the n-type and p-type NWs forming this junction have diameters of 39 and 49 nm, respectively.
  • FIGS. 26 A- 26 D illustrate parallel and orthogonal assembly of NWs with E-fields.
  • FIG. 26A is a schematic view of E-field alignment. The electrodes (orange) are biased at 50-100 V after a drop of NW solution is deposited on the substrate (blue)
  • FIG. 26B shows a parallel array of NWs aligned between two parallel electrodes. The NWs were suspended in chlorobenzene and aligned using an applied bias of 100 V.
  • FIG. 26C shows a spatially positioned parallel array of NWs obtained following E-field assembly using a bias of 80 V. The top inset in FIG. 26C shows 15 pairs of parallel electrodes with individual NWs bridging each diametrically opposed electrode pair.
  • FIG. 26A is a schematic view of E-field alignment. The electrodes (orange) are biased at 50-100 V after a drop of NW solution is deposited on the substrate (blue)
  • FIG. 26B shows a parallel array of NWs aligned between two parallel electrodes. The
  • FIGS. 26D shows a crossed NW junction obtained using layer-by-layer alignment with the E-field applied in orthogonal directions in the two assembly steps.
  • the applied bias in both steps was 80 V.
  • the scale bars in FIGS. 26 B- 26 D correspond to 10 ⁇ m.
  • Bottom-Up Assembly of Nanoscale Electronic Devices from Silicon Nanowires Four types of important functional nanodevices have been created by rational bottom-up assembly from p and n-type silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with well controlled dopant type and level. In all these devices, electrical transport measurements on individual p and n-type SiNWs suggested ohmic or nearly ohmic contact between SiNWs and leads.
  • n + pn crossed junctions were also assembled to create bipolar transistors, in which common base/emitter current gains as large as 0.94/16 were obtained.
  • Complementary inverters made of crossed lightly doped pn junctions showed clear output voltage inverse to input voltage with a gain of 0.13.
  • Tunnel diodes in form of heavily doped SiNW pn crosses showed negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior in forward bias with a peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) of 5 to 1.
  • Nanoscale structures as building blocks for the bottom-up assembly of integrated devices, where both the fabrication and assembly of individual blocks are expected to be cheap, can thus eliminate greatly the cost of fabrication lines while still maintaining some concepts that have proven successful in microelectronics.
  • One dimensional structures such as nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs) are ideal candidates as critical building blocks for nanoelectronics. How to construct the functional nanodevices and device arrays with these building blocks is essential to nano science and technology. NTs have been tested as field effect transistors, single electron transistors.
  • NT-NW heterojunctions NT intramolecular junctions and crossed junctions have also been demonstrated.
  • the use of NTs in rational assembly is limited by unpredictability of individual tube properties because the specific growth of metallic and semiconductor NTs is not controllable and controlled doping of semiconductor NTs is difficult.
  • SiNWs single crystal semiconductor SiNWs
  • the type of dopant p-type and n-type
  • the relative doping concentration from lightly to degenerately
  • the highly dense SiNW device arrays can be formed by the directed assembly of chemical assembly, for example, the specific peptide binding to semiconductor, DNA base matching interaction, and/or the ligand-receptor interaction.
  • understanding the electrical properties of individual bottom-up assembled active devices is the prerequisite.
  • n + pn crossed SiNW junctions to bipolar transistors which were demonstrated to have common base/emitter current gains as large as 0.94/16.
  • the inverters made of lightly doped pn crosses showed clearly the output voltage inverse to the input voltage with voltage gain of 0.13.
  • the results of tunnel diodes made of heavily doped pn crossed showed NDR behavior in forward bias with a PVR of 5 to 1.
  • the p-type and n-type SiNWs were synthesized by using diborane and phosphorus, respectively as doping source during laser-assisted catalytic growth of SiNWs. Metal leads contact with SiNWs on doped silicon substrate with 600nm thermal oxide were defined by electron beam lithography.
  • the pn, pp and nn junctions were formed by crossing one p-type and one n-type, two p-type and two n-type SiNWs, respectively.
  • the types of junctions were controlled by choosing the types of SiNWs used to create a given junction.
  • a typical field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) image of cross junctions is shown in FIG. 27A, where the four contact leads are labeled as 1, 2, 3 and 4 for the convenience of discussion.
  • FIG. 27B shows current versus voltage (I-V) data on a pn crossed junction with diameters of p and n-type SiNWs as small as 20.3 nm and 22.5 nm, respectively.
  • I-V curve across junction shows little current in reverse bias (negative bias in our setup) and very sharp current onset in forward bias (positive bias).
  • single p (between leads 1-3) and n-type (between leads 2-4) SiNWs show linear I-V behavior (FIG. 27B curves 110 and 120, respectively), which suggests ohmic (not rectifying) contact between SiNWs and leads.
  • the p and n-type SiNWs were dispersed in to aceton separately. p-n junctions were obtained by sequential deposition.
  • the solution of one type of SiNWs e.g., n-type
  • the solution of the other type of SiNWs e.g., p-type
  • pp or nn junctions were obtained by depositing only one type of SiNWs : p-type or n-type. The junction positions were then recorded.
  • bipolar transistor As the basic unit of most semiconductor devices, pn junctions provide the characteristics needed for rectifiers, amplifiers, switching circuits and many other electronic circuit functions. Success in making pn junction from SiNW crosses provides us the possibility to make other important functional devices.
  • bipolar transistor To demonstrate we can create not only passive device: p-n diode, but also the active device, we constructed bipolar transistor, which is capable of current gain.
  • a bipolar transistor is a n + pn (FIG. 28A left) or p + np junction device, which requires high doping level in emitter, low doping in base and collector. Well control in doping of SiNWs provides us the capability to make this complex device.
  • FIG. 28B is a typical SEM image of bipolar transistors.
  • the SiNWs and junctions in transistors were first characterized individually. The I-V curves of three individual SiNWs are linear and the two individual junctions have correct rectifying behavior. Then the n + -type SiNW was used as emitter while the n-type as collector to do bipolar transistor measurements.
  • the emitter-base (E-B) is always forward biased to inject electrons into base region.
  • the transistor When the collector-base (C-B) voltage is greater than zero, the transistor is operated in the active mode, in which the C-B junction is reverse biased and only a very small leakage current will flow across the junction.
  • the electrons injected from emitter can diffuse through the base to reach the C-B junction space charge region and will be collected by collector.
  • the actual collector current depends only on the injected electrons from emitter and thus depends only on the E-B voltage. This is clearly seen in FIG. 28C regime II, where the collector current goes high with the forward E-B voltage while change slowly with C-B voltage which results from Early effect and the existence of slowly increasing leakage current with reverse bias. This demonstrates the transistor action: large current flow in a reverse biased collector junction can result from carriers injected from a nearby emitter junction.
  • n+pn bipolar transistors were fabricated by deposition and machanical manipulation. First, p-type SiNWs were deposited from solution onto the substrate. In the second step, the n + and n-type SiNWs were attached to sharp STM tips and released onto the p-type SiNWs under optical microscope.
  • the common base current gain of the bipolar transistor in active mode is as large as 0.94 (FIG. 28D) and the common emitter current gain is 16. Three important points are suggested from this large current gain.
  • the space charge region between base and collector has high efficiency to collect electrons and sweep them into collector, suggesting that the oxide barrier at the interface doesn't contribute significantly, which further confirms our analysis on single pn junctions.
  • Our bipolar transistor can be improved, for example, by reducing the base width, to approach the performace of the commercial one in which the typical common base current gain is larger than 0.99.
  • the output voltage is negative (zero) with the positive(negative) input voltage, which is the typical inverter behavior.
  • This behavior can explained like this: the depletion of n-type (p-type) wires by negative (positive) input makes the output equal to ground (bias).
  • the voltage gain is calculated as 0.13, the slope of voltage inversion. The gain is lower than that in commercial inverters which is larger than 1, but can be improved by using thinner gate oxide layer instead of the 600 nm oxide, which reduces the gate response of SiNWs, and using more lightly doped SiNWs, which needs more effort to make ohmic contact with and to be further investigated.
  • results described here demonstrate the bottom-up assembly of multiple types of nanoscale electronic devices from doped SiNWs with control over both dopant type and doping level.
  • the individual devices show predictable behaviors similar to the conventionally fabricated devices.
  • the mass production and high intergration of these functional nanodevices can be realized by chemical assembly assisted with electric field and flowing solution alignment, which will lead to exciting practical applications in nanoelectronics while avoiding high cost fabrication lines.
  • pn diode crosses can function as photodiodes and pn solar cells
  • bipolar transistor crosses can form phototransistors.
  • FIGS. 27 A- 27 F illustrate crossed SiNW junctions.
  • FIG. 27A shows a typical FE-SEM image of crossed NW junctions with Al/Au as contact leads.
  • the scale bar is 2
  • FIGS. 27 B- 27 D show I-V behavior of pn, pp and nn junctions, respectively.
  • the curves 110 and 120 correspond to the I-V behavior of individual p and n-type SiNWs in junctions, respectively.
  • the curves 130 represent the four-terminal I-V through pn junction in FIG. 27B and two terminal I-V through pp and nn junction in FIGS. 27C and 27D, respectively.
  • the solid line is I-V by following current between lead 1 and 2 and simultaneouly measuring the voltage between lead 3 and 4 while the dashed line correponds to that by following current between 1 and 4 and measuring voltage between 3 and 2.
  • FIGS. 27C and 27D the solid lines are I-V across one pair of adjacent leads (1-2) and the dashed lines are those across the other three pairs (1-4, 2-3, 3-4).
  • FIGS. 27E and 27F show the energy band diagrams of a pn junction under forward bias and reverse bias, respectively.
  • FIGS. 28 A- 28 D illustrate n + pn crossed SiNW bipolar transistors.
  • FIG. 28A shows the common base configuration schematics of an n + pn bipolar transistor in semiconductor physics (left) and in crossed SiNW structure (right). The n+, p and n-type SiNWs function as emitter, base and collector, respectively. Base is grounded. Emitter is negatively biased at specific values. Collector voltage is scanned from postive to negative.
  • FIG. 28B shows a typical FE-SEM image of SiNW bipolar transistor. The scale bar is 5 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 28 C shows a collector current vs collector-base voltage behavior recorded on an n+pn transistor with emitter and base SiNWs 15um apart.
  • Curve 1 to 4 correspond to the behavior at emitter-base voltages of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3,-4V.
  • Regime I and II are separated by dashed line, correponding to saturation mode and active mode, respectively.
  • FIG. 28D shows common base current gain vs collector-base voltage.
  • FIGS. 29 A- 29 D illustrate complementary inverters and tunnel diodes.
  • FIG. 29A shows schematics of a complementary inverter structure in semicondutor physics (top) and that formed by a lightly doped pn cross (bottom). In bottom schematics, one end of n-type NW is biased at ⁇ 5V and one end of p-type NW is grounded. Input voltage is back gate voltage and the other ends of p and n-type NWs are shorted as output terminal.
  • FIG. 29B shows output voltage vs input voltage data in a pn cross inverter. The inset in FIG. 29B is the I-V curves of p-type NW in the inverter.
  • Curve 1 to 5 correspond to I-V at back gate voltage ⁇ 50, ⁇ 30, ⁇ 10, 0 and 10V, respectively.
  • the n-type NW in this inverter has similar I-V behavior and can be completely depleted at a gate voltage of ⁇ 30V.
  • FIG. 29C shows two terminal mearsurement data of a tunnel diode made from a heavily doped pn cross. The I-V behavior of individual p and n-type SiNWs have been tested to be linear. The inset in FIG. 29C spreads out the part of I-V curve showing NDR.
  • FIG. 29D shows the energy band diagrams of a crossed SiNW tunnel diode. At reverse bias (e.g. at position 1 in FIG.
  • NWs Nanowires
  • the substrate (silicon wafter) was covered by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with —NH2 termination.
  • SAM self-assembled monolayer
  • microfluidic molds are made of PDMS.
  • Patterning process I. a layer of PMMA was spin-coated on the substrate surface, then use EBL (Electron Beam Lithography) to write pattern, i.e. to selectively exposed Si surface which was later chemically functionalized. (as in 2).
  • EBL Electro Beam Lithography
  • Patterning process I. a layer of PMMA was spin-coated on the substrate surface, then use EBL (Electron Beam Lithography) to write pattern, i.e. to selectively exposed Si surface which was later chemically functionalized. (as in 2).
  • EBL Electro Beam Lithography
  • One-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires and nanotubes, represent the smallest dimension for efficient transport of electrons and excitons, and thus are ideal building blocks for hierarchical assembly of functional nanoscale electronic and photonic structures.
  • nanowires can be assembled into parallel arrays with control of the average separation, and by combining fluidic alignment with surface patterning techniques that it is also possible to control periodicity.
  • complex crossed nanowire arrays can be prepared using layer-by-layer assembly with different flow directions for sequential steps. Transport studies show that the crossed nanowire arrays form electrically conducting networks, with individually addressable device function at each cross point.
  • Nanoscale materials for example, nanoclusters and nanowires (NWs)
  • NWs nanoclusters and nanowires
  • IDL one-dimensional nanostructures
  • NTs carbon nanotubes
  • the gallium phosphide (GaP), indium phosphide (InP) and silicon (Si) NWs used in these studies were synthesized by laser assisted catalytic growth, and subsequently suspended in ethanol solution.
  • PDMS poly(dimethylsiloxane)
  • FIG. 30A and 30B flat substrate
  • Parallel and crossed arrays of NWs can be readily achieved using single (FIG. 30A) and sequential crossed (FIG. 30B) flows, respectively, for the assembly process as described below.
  • FIG. 31A A typical example of parallel assembly of NWs (FIG. 31A) shows that virtually all the NWs are aligned along one direction; i.e. the flow direction. There are also some small deviations with respect to the flow direction, which we will discuss below. Examination of the assembled NWs on larger length scales (FIG. 31B) shows that the alignment readily extends over hundreds of micrometers. Indeed, alignment of the NWs has been found to extend up to millimeter length scales, and seem to be limited by the size of the fluidic channels, based on experiments carried out using channels with widths ranging from 50 to 500 ⁇ m and lengths from 6-20 mm.
  • the average NW surface coverage can be controlled by the flow duration (FIG. 31D).
  • flow duration (FIG. 31D).
  • a flow duration of 30 min produced a density of ca. 250 NWs/100 ⁇ m or an average NW/NW separation of ⁇ 400 nm.
  • Extended deposition time can produce NW arrays with spacings on the order of 100 nm or less.
  • the deposition rate and hence average separation versus time depends strongly on the surface chemical functionality. Specifically, we have shown that the GaP, InP and Si NWs deposit more rapidly on amino-terminated monolayers, which possesses a partial positive charge, than on either methyl-terminated monolayers or bare SiO 2 surfaces.
  • FIG. 31B Our general approach can be used to organize NWs into more complex crossed structures, which are critical for building dense nanodevice arrays, using the layer-by-layer scheme illustrated in FIG. 31B.
  • the formation of crossed and more complex structures requires that the nanostructure-substrate interaction is sufficiently strong that sequential flow steps do not affect preceding ones: we find that this condition can be achieved.
  • alternating the flow in orthogonal directions in a two-step assembly process yields crossbar structures (FIG. 33A and 33B).
  • FIGS. show that multiple crossbars can be obtained with only hundreds of nanometer separations between individual cross points in a very straightforward, low cost, fast and scalable process.
  • a periodic array can be easily envisioned using a patterned surface as described above.
  • these crossbar structures can yield functional devices (see below).
  • Electric fields can be used to align suspensions of semiconductor NWs into parallel NW arrays and single NW crosses, where patterned micro-electrode arrays are used to create a field pattern. Fringing fields and charging can, however, lead to significant complications in the assembly of multiple crosses at the submicron scale.
  • each layer is independent of the others, and thus a variety of homo- and hetero-junction configurations can be obtained at each crossed point by simply changing the composition of the NW suspension used for each step.
  • FIGS. 30A and 30B are schematics of fluidic channel structures for flow assembly.
  • FIG. 30A shows a channel formed when the PDMS mold was brought in contact with a flat substrate. NW assembly was carried out by flowing a NW suspension inside the channel with a controlled flow rate for a set duration. Parallel arrays of NWs are observed in the flow direction on the substrate when the PDMS mold is removed.
  • FIG. 30B illustrates that multiple crossed NW arrays can be obtained by changing the flow direction sequentially in a layer-by-layer assembly process.
  • FIGS. 31 A- 31 D illustrate parallel assembly of NW arrays.
  • FIGS. 31A and 31B are SEM images of parallel arrays of InP NWs aligned in channel flow. The scale bars correspond to 2 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m in FIGS. 31A and 31B, respectively.
  • the silicon (SiO 2 /Si) substrate used in flow assembly was functionalized with an amino-terminated self assembled monolayer (SAM) by immersion in a 1 mM chloroform solution of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for 30 min, followed by heating at 110° C. for 10 min. All of the substrates used in the following experiment were functionalized in a similar way unless otherwise specified.
  • SAM amino-terminated self assembled monolayer
  • APTES 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
  • FIG. 31C shows NW angular spread with respect to the flow direction vs. flow rate.
  • NWs e.g., see inset
  • the inset shows histogram of NW angular distribution at a flow rate of 9.40 mm/s.
  • FIG. 3 ID shows the average density of NW arrays vs. flow time. The average density was calculated by dividing the average number of NWs at any cross section of the channel by the width of the channel. All of the experiments were carried out with a flow rate of 6.40 mm/s.
  • FIGS. 32 A- 32 D illustrate assembly of periodic NW arrays.
  • FIG. 32A is a schematic view of the assembly of NWs onto a chemically patterned substrate.
  • the light gray areas correspond to amino-terminated surfaces, while the dark gray area corresponds to either methyl-terminated or bare surfaces. NWs are preferentially attracted to the amino-terminated regions of the surface.
  • FIGS. 32B and 32C show parallel arrays of GaP NWs aligned on poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) patterned surface with 5 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m separation.
  • the dark regions in the image correspond to residual PMMA, while the bright regions correspond to the amino-terminated SiO 2 /Si surface.
  • the NWs are preferentially attracted to amino-terminated regions.
  • FIG. 32D shows parallel arrays of GaP NWs with 500 nm separation obtained using a patterned SAM surface.
  • the SiO 2 /Si surface was first functionalized with methyl-terminated SAM by immersing in pure hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for 15 min at 50° C., followed by 10 min at 110° C.
  • HMDS hexamethyldisilazane
  • FIGS. 33 A- 33 E illustrate layer-by-layer assembly and transport measurements of crossed NW arrays.
  • FIGS. 33A and 33B show typical SEM images of crossed arrays of InP NWs obtained in a two-step assembly process with orthogonal flow directions for the sequential steps. Flow directions are highlighted by arrows in the images.
  • FIG. 33C shows an equilateral triangle of GaP NWs obtained in three-step assembly process, with 60° angles between flow directions, which are indicated by numbered arrows. The scale bars correspond to 500 nm in the three images.
  • FIG. 33D shows an SEM image of a typical 2 ⁇ 2 cross array made by sequential assembly of n-type InP NWs using orthogonal flows.
  • Ni/In/Au contact electrodes which were deposited by thermal evaporation, were patterned by E-beam lithography.
  • the NWs were briefly (3-5 s) etched in 6% HF solution to remove the amorphous oxide outer layer prior to electrode deposition.
  • the scale bar corresponds to 2 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 33E shows representative I-V curves from two-terminal measurements on a 2 ⁇ 2 crossed array.
  • the curves 210 represent the I-V of four individual NWs (ad, bg, cf, eh), and the curves 200 represent I-V across the four n-n crossed junctions (ab, cd, ef, gh).
  • Nanowires (or any other elongated structures) can be aligned by inducing a flow of nanowire solution on surface, wherein the flow can be a channel flow or flow by any other ways.
  • Nanowire arrays with controlled position and periodicity can be produced by patterning the surface of the substrate and/or conditioning surface of the nanowires with different functionalities.
  • the position and periodicity control is achieved by designing specific complementary forces (chemical or biological or electrostatic or magnetic or optical) between the patterned surface and wires, such as A wire goes to A' patterned area, B wire goes to B' patterned area, C wire goes to C+ patterned area, etc.
  • specific complementary forces chemical or biological or electrostatic or magnetic or optical
  • the surface of the substrate and/or nanowires can be conditioned with different molecules/materials, or different charges, different magnetos or different light intensities (eg. by interference/diffraction patterns from light beams.) or a combination of these.
  • As-assembled nanowire arrays could also be transferred to another substrate. (e.g. by stamping)
  • Nanowires can be assembled by complementary interaction. Flow is used for assembly of nanowires in the above methods, although it is not limited to flow only. Complementary chemical, biological, electrostatic, magnetic or optical interactions alone can also be exploited for nanowire assembly (although with less control).
  • Nanowires can be assembled using physical patterns. Deposit nanowire solution onto substrate with physical patterns, such as surface steps, trenches, etc.
  • Nanowires can be aligned along the corner of the surface steps or along the trenches.
  • Physical patterns can be formed by the natural crystal lattice steps or self-assembled diblock copolymer stripes, or imprinted patterns or any other patterns.
  • Nanowires may be assembled by electrostatic or magnetic force between nanowires. By introducing charge onto nanowire surface, electrostatic forces between nanowires can align them into certain patterns, such as parallel arrays.
  • Nanowires can be assembled using a LB film. Nanowires were first surface conditioned and dispersed to the surface of a liquid phase to form a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film. Nanowires can then be aligned into different patterns (such as parallel arrays) by compressing the surface. Then the nanowire patterns can be transferred onto desired substrate.
  • LB Langmuir-Blodgett
  • Nanowires can be assembled by shear stretching by dispersing nanowires in a flexible matrix (which could be polymers), followed by stretching the matrix in one direction, nanowires can be aligned in the stretching direction by the shear force induced. The matrix can then be removed and the aligned nanowire arrays can be transferred to desired substrate.
  • a flexible matrix which could be polymers
  • the stretching of the matrix can be induced by mechanical, electrical optical, magnetic force. And the stretching direction could be either in the plane of the substrate or not.
  • the means are not intended to be limited to the means disclosed herein for performing the recited function, but are intended to cover in scope any equivalent means, known now or later developed, for performing the recited function.
US09/935,776 2000-08-22 2001-08-22 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices Abandoned US20020130311A1 (en)

Priority Applications (21)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/935,776 US20020130311A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2001-08-22 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
CA002447728A CA2447728A1 (en) 2001-05-18 2002-05-20 Nanoscale wires and related devices
PCT/US2002/016133 WO2003005450A2 (en) 2001-05-18 2002-05-20 Nanoscale wires and related devices
AU2002324426A AU2002324426B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2002-05-20 Nanoscale wires and related devices
EP02759070A EP1436841A1 (de) 2001-05-18 2002-05-20 Nanoskalige drähte und verwandte geräte
JP2003511316A JP2004535066A (ja) 2001-05-18 2002-05-20 ナノスケールワイヤ及び関連デバイス
US10/196,337 US7301199B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2002-07-16 Nanoscale wires and related devices
US11/082,372 US7211464B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2005-03-17 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/172,408 US20060175601A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2005-06-30 Nanoscale wires and related devices
US11/386,080 US20070281156A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-03-21 Nanoscale wires and related devices
US11/543,326 US7595260B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,746 US20070032052A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,337 US8153470B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,352 US7666708B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,353 US7915151B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/543,336 US7476596B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/824,618 US20070252136A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2007-07-02 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US12/072,844 US20090057650A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2008-02-27 Nanoscale wires and related devices
JP2008156094A JP2008300848A (ja) 2001-05-18 2008-06-16 ナノスケールワイヤ及び関連デバイス
US12/459,177 US20100155698A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2009-06-26 Nanoscale wires and related devices
US13/490,325 US20120329251A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2012-06-06 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22683500P 2000-08-22 2000-08-22
US25474500P 2000-12-11 2000-12-11
US29189601P 2001-05-18 2001-05-18
US29203501P 2001-05-18 2001-05-18
US29212101P 2001-05-18 2001-05-18
US29204501P 2001-05-18 2001-05-18
US09/935,776 US20020130311A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2001-08-22 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/020,004 Continuation-In-Part US7129554B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2001-12-11 Nanosensors

Related Child Applications (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15249002A Continuation-In-Part 2000-08-22 2002-05-20
US10/196,337 Continuation-In-Part US7301199B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2002-07-16 Nanoscale wires and related devices
US11/082,372 Division US7211464B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2005-03-17 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/543,326 Continuation US7595260B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,353 Continuation US7915151B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/543,336 Continuation US7476596B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,337 Continuation US8153470B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,746 Continuation US20070032052A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20020130311A1 true US20020130311A1 (en) 2002-09-19

Family

ID=27559184

Family Applications (10)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/935,776 Abandoned US20020130311A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2001-08-22 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/082,372 Expired - Lifetime US7211464B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2005-03-17 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/543,337 Expired - Lifetime US8153470B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,353 Expired - Fee Related US7915151B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/543,336 Expired - Lifetime US7476596B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,352 Expired - Lifetime US7666708B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,326 Expired - Lifetime US7595260B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,746 Abandoned US20070032052A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/824,618 Abandoned US20070252136A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2007-07-02 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US13/490,325 Abandoned US20120329251A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2012-06-06 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices

Family Applications After (9)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/082,372 Expired - Lifetime US7211464B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2005-03-17 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/543,337 Expired - Lifetime US8153470B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,353 Expired - Fee Related US7915151B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US11/543,336 Expired - Lifetime US7476596B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,352 Expired - Lifetime US7666708B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,326 Expired - Lifetime US7595260B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/543,746 Abandoned US20070032052A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-10-04 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US11/824,618 Abandoned US20070252136A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2007-07-02 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US13/490,325 Abandoned US20120329251A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2012-06-06 Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (10) US20020130311A1 (de)
EP (3) EP2360298A3 (de)
JP (1) JP5013650B2 (de)
KR (4) KR100791732B1 (de)
CN (3) CN101798057A (de)
AU (2) AU8664901A (de)
CA (1) CA2417992C (de)
MX (1) MXPA03001605A (de)
TW (2) TWI292583B (de)
WO (1) WO2002017362A2 (de)

Cited By (247)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020172820A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-11-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US20030089899A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2003-05-15 Lieber Charles M. Nanoscale wires and related devices
US6566704B2 (en) * 2000-06-27 2003-05-20 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof
US20030186522A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures
US20040014244A1 (en) * 2000-08-30 2004-01-22 Katsuaki Sato Magnetic semiconductor material and method for preparation thereof
US20040023471A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2004-02-05 Adu Kofi Wi Thermal production of nanowires
US20040026684A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-02-12 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire heterostructures for encoding information
US20040027889A1 (en) * 2002-02-25 2004-02-12 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Optically readable molecular memory obtained using carbon nanotubes, and method for storing information in said molecular memory
US20040067530A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2004-04-08 The Regents Of The University Of California Electronic sensing of biomolecular processes
US20040075464A1 (en) * 2002-07-08 2004-04-22 Btg International Limited Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
WO2004040667A1 (de) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-13 Infineon Technologies Ag Nichtflüchtige speicherzelle, speicherzellen-anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen einer nichtflüchtigen speicherzelle
US20040095658A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-05-20 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US20040112964A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-06-17 Nanosys, Inc. Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US20040118448A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-06-24 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
WO2004054922A2 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-07-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Nanostructure, electronic device and method of manufacturing the same
WO2004055912A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-07-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Thermoelectric conversion material, thermoelectric conversion device and manufacturing method thereof
US20040127130A1 (en) * 2002-12-28 2004-07-01 Yi Gyu Chul Magnetic material-nanomaterial heterostructural nanorod
US20040132254A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2004-07-08 Semiconductor Research Corporation Deterministically doped field-effect devices and methods of making same
US20040135951A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-07-15 Dave Stumbo Integrated displays using nanowire transistors
US20040175844A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-09-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Sacrificial template method of fabricating a nanotube
US20040175856A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-09-09 Nantero, Inc. Devices having vertically-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of marking the same
US20040181630A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-09-16 Nantero, Inc. Devices having horizontally-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20040200734A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-10-14 Co Man Sung Nanotube-based sensors for biomolecules
WO2004088755A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-14 Startskottet 22286 Ab Nanowhiskers with pn junctions and methods of fabricating thereof
US20040206448A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-10-21 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US20040250950A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-12-16 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US20040262636A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-12-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Fluidic nanotubes and devices
US20050035786A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-17 Nantero, Inc. Circuits made from nanotube-based switching elements with multiple controls
US20050037547A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-17 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube device structure and methods of fabrication
US20050038498A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2005-02-17 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US20050041465A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-02-24 Nantero, Inc. Nram bit selectable two-device nanotube array
US20050041466A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-02-24 Nantero, Inc. Non-volatile RAM cell and array using nanotube switch position for information state
US20050047244A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-03-03 Nantero, Inc. Four terminal non-volatile transistor device
US20050056877A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-03-17 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-on-gate fet structures and applications
US20050059210A1 (en) * 2003-04-22 2005-03-17 Nantero, Inc. Process for making bit selectable devices having elements made with nanotubes
US20050064185A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-03-24 Nanosys, Inc. System and process for producing nanowire composites and electronic substrates therefrom
US20050065741A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2005-03-24 Nantero, Inc. Sensor platform using a non-horizontally oriented nanotube element
US20050079659A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-04-14 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US6882767B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2005-04-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowire optoelectric switching device and method
US20050082545A1 (en) * 2003-10-21 2005-04-21 Wierer Jonathan J.Jr. Photonic crystal light emitting device
WO2005038907A2 (de) * 2003-09-29 2005-04-28 Infineon Technologies Ag Wärmeleitende verpackung von elektronischen schaltungseinheiten
US20050101112A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2005-05-12 Nantero, Inc. Methods of nanotubes films and articles
US20050126628A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2005-06-16 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
WO2005059973A2 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-30 Yale University Controlled growth of gallium nitride nanostructures
US20050145596A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-07-07 Metz Matthew V. Method of fabricating multiple nanowires of uniform length from a single catalytic nanoparticle
WO2005067547A2 (en) * 2004-01-14 2005-07-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Diluted magnetic semiconductor nanowires exhibiting magnetoresistance
US20050181587A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-08-18 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20050181195A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2005-08-18 Nanosys, Inc. Super-hydrophobic surfaces, methods of their construction and uses therefor
US20050212079A1 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire varactor diode and methods of making same
US20050214197A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-09-29 Molecular Nanosystems, Inc. Methods for producing and using catalytic substrates for carbon nanotube growth
US20050212531A1 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Intellectual Property Administration Fluid sensor and methods
US20050221072A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2005-10-06 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
WO2005110057A2 (en) * 2004-01-06 2005-11-24 The Regents Of The University Of California Crystallographic alignment of high-density nanowire arrays
US20050266267A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2005-12-01 Weiner Anita M Metallic nanowire and method of making the same
WO2005119753A2 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-12-15 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
US20050279274A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-12-22 Chunming Niu Systems and methods for nanowire growth and manufacturing
US20060009003A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for nanowire growth
US20060019470A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2006-01-26 Btg International Limited Directionally controlled growth of nanowhiskers
US6995046B2 (en) 2003-04-22 2006-02-07 Nantero, Inc. Process for making byte erasable devices having elements made with nanotubes
US20060027815A1 (en) * 2004-08-04 2006-02-09 Wierer Jonathan J Jr Photonic crystal light emitting device with multiple lattices
US20060038179A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2006-02-23 Ali Afzali-Ardakani Method and apparatus for solution processed doping of carbon nanotube
US20060057354A1 (en) * 2000-05-30 2006-03-16 Penn State Research Foundation Electronic and opto-electronic devices fabricated from nanostructured high surface to volume ratio thin films
US20060061389A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2006-03-23 Nantero, Inc. Integrated nanotube and field effect switching device
US20060068154A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2006-03-30 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US20060084128A1 (en) * 2004-09-22 2006-04-20 Hongye Sun Enzyme assay with nanowire sensor
US20060081886A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Nanosys, Inc. Method, system and apparatus for gating configurations and improved contacts in nanowire-based electronic devices
US20060105513A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Device comprising doped nano-component and method of forming the device
US20060105523A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Chemical doping of nano-components
US20060112983A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-06-01 Nanosys, Inc. Photoactive devices and components with enhanced efficiency
US20060116377A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2006-06-01 Eu-Gene Oh Dialkylhydroxybenzoic acid derivatives containing metal chelating groups and their therapeutic uses
US20060122596A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2006-06-08 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US20060125056A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2006-06-15 Btg International Limited Formation of nanowhiskers on a substrate of dissimilar material
US20060159916A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2006-07-20 Nanosys, Inc. Nanofiber surfaces for use in enhanced surface area applications
US20060163606A1 (en) * 2004-03-19 2006-07-27 Wierer Jonathan J Jr Photonic crystal light emitting device
US20060204738A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2006-09-14 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US20060211327A1 (en) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Lee Michael G High density interconnections with nanowiring
US20060207647A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-21 General Electric Company High efficiency inorganic nanorod-enhanced photovoltaic devices
US20060214156A1 (en) * 2004-10-12 2006-09-28 Nanosys, Inc. Fully integrated organic layered processes for making plastic electronics based on conductive polymers and semiconductor nanowires
US20060234519A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-10-19 Nanosys, Inc. Contact doping and annealing systems and processes for nanowire thin films
US20060240218A1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2006-10-26 Nanosys, Inc. Paintable nonofiber coatings
US7129554B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2006-10-31 President & Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors
US20060257637A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-11-16 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire dispersion compositions and uses thereof
US20060269745A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-11-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Nano wires and method of manufacturing the same
US20060273328A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Nanosys, Inc. Light emitting nanowires for macroelectronics
EP1730796A1 (de) * 2004-03-23 2006-12-13 Ecole Polytechnique Dgar Verfahren zur herstellung elektronischer komponenten und elektronische komponenten die durch dieses verfahren hergestellt werden
US20060283498A1 (en) * 2005-06-20 2006-12-21 Gronet Chris M Bifacial elongated solar cell devices
US20060284187A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Lumileds Lighting U.S, Llc Grown photonic crystals in semiconductor light emitting devices
US20070012354A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2007-01-18 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nanoscale structures
US20070017567A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2007-01-25 Gronet Chris M Self-cleaning protective coatings for use with photovoltaic cells
US20070034833A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2007-02-15 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US20070044295A1 (en) * 2005-05-12 2007-03-01 Nanosys, Inc. Use of nanoparticles in film formation and as solder
US20070079864A1 (en) * 2005-10-11 2007-04-12 Gronet Chris M Bifacial elongated solar cell devices with internal reflectors
WO2007047523A2 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-26 Pennsylvania State University System and method for positioning and synthesizing of nanostructures
US20070120254A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2007-05-31 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.C. Semiconductor device comprising a pn-heterojunction
US20070157964A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 Solyndra, Inc. Interconnects for solar cell devices
US20070176824A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-08-02 Nanosys Inc. Phased array systems and methods
US20070175507A1 (en) * 2006-01-28 2007-08-02 Banpil Photonics, Inc. High efficiency photovoltaic cells
US20070190880A1 (en) * 2004-02-02 2007-08-16 Nanosys, Inc. Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production
US7265575B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2007-09-04 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-based logic driver circuits
US20070204902A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-09-06 Banpil Photonics, Inc. High efficiency photovoltaic cells and manufacturing thereof
US20070204901A1 (en) * 2005-11-06 2007-09-06 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nano or micro-scale structures
US20070206488A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-09-06 Claes Thelander Data storage nanostructures
US20070212538A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2007-09-13 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire structures comprising carbon
US20070215197A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2007-09-20 Benyamin Buller Elongated photovoltaic cells in casings
US20070215195A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2007-09-20 Benyamin Buller Elongated photovoltaic cells in tubular casings
US20070228583A1 (en) * 2003-12-17 2007-10-04 Islam M S Methods of bridging lateral nanowires and device using same
US20070238186A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2007-10-11 Hongye Sun Nanowire-based system for analysis of nucleic acids
US20080009002A1 (en) * 2004-11-09 2008-01-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Analyte Identification Using Electronic Devices
WO2008012684A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique A method of fabricating a nanostructure on a pre-etched substrate.
US20080029152A1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Erel Milshtein Laser scribing apparatus, systems, and methods
US20080029154A1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Erel Milshtein System and method for creating electric isolation between layers comprising solar cells
US20080038520A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2008-02-14 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for oriented growth of nanowires on patterned substrates
US7335395B2 (en) * 2002-04-23 2008-02-26 Nantero, Inc. Methods of using pre-formed nanotubes to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles
US20080070334A1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2008-03-20 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Llc LED Including Photonic Crystal Structure
US20080110486A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-05-15 General Electric Company Amorphous-crystalline tandem nanostructured solar cells
US7385262B2 (en) * 2001-11-27 2008-06-10 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Band-structure modulation of nano-structures in an electric field
US20080150009A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Nanosys, Inc. Electron Blocking Layers for Electronic Devices
US20080150004A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Nanosys, Inc. Electron Blocking Layers for Electronic Devices
US20080149914A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Qunano Ab Nanoelectronic structure and method of producing such
US20080150003A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Jian Chen Electron blocking layers for electronic devices
US20080149944A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Qunano Ab Led with upstanding nanowire structure and method of producing such
US20080159943A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2008-07-03 Molecular Nanosystems, Inc. Methods for synthesizing carbon nanotubes
US7405605B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2008-07-29 Nantero, Inc. Storage elements using nanotube switching elements
US20080178927A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Thomas Brezoczky Photovoltaic apparatus having an elongated photovoltaic device using an involute-based concentrator
US20080196759A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 Thomas Brezoczky Photovoltaic assembly with elongated photovoltaic devices and integrated involute-based reflectors
US20080218299A1 (en) * 2005-11-28 2008-09-11 David Patrick Arnold Method and Structure for Magnetically-Directed, Self-Assembly of Three-Dimensional Structures
US20080224122A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2008-09-18 Tohru Saitoh Semiconductor Nanowire and Semiconductor Device Including the Nanowire
WO2008091273A3 (en) * 2006-06-09 2008-09-18 Northrop Grumman Systems Corp Carbon nanotube field effect transistor
US20080224115A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2008-09-18 Erik Petrus Antonius Maria Bakkers Fabricating a Set of Semiconducting Nanowires, and Electric Device Comprising a Set of Nanowires
US20080280069A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Nanosys, Inc. Method and system for printing aligned nanowires and other electrical devices
US20080292835A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-11-27 Lawrence Pan Methods for forming freestanding nanotube objects and objects so formed
US20080302418A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2008-12-11 Benyamin Buller Elongated Photovoltaic Devices in Casings
US20090014055A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2009-01-15 Solyndra, Inc. Photovoltaic Modules Having a Filling Material
US20090053126A1 (en) * 2007-03-15 2009-02-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for mass production of nanostructures using mesoporous templates and nanostructures produced by the same
US20090078303A1 (en) * 2007-09-24 2009-03-26 Solyndra, Inc. Encapsulated Photovoltaic Device Used With A Reflector And A Method of Use for the Same
US7535019B1 (en) 2003-02-18 2009-05-19 Nanosolar, Inc. Optoelectronic fiber
US20090143227A1 (en) * 2004-02-02 2009-06-04 Nanosys, Inc. Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production
US20090169807A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2009-07-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Langmuir-blodgett nanostructure monolayers
US7560366B1 (en) 2004-12-02 2009-07-14 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire horizontal growth and substrate removal
US20090192429A1 (en) * 2007-12-06 2009-07-30 Nanosys, Inc. Resorbable nanoenhanced hemostatic structures and bandage materials
US20090200539A1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-13 Pengfei Qi Composite Nanorod-Based Structures for Generating Electricity
US20090200641A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2009-08-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same
US20090212351A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2009-08-27 Nanosys, Inc. Electron blocking layers for electronic devices
US20090283751A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2009-11-19 Peidong Yang Nanotubes and devices fabricated therefrom
US20090299213A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2009-12-03 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanobioelectronics
US20100035412A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2010-02-11 Qunano Ab Precisely positioned nanowhiskers and nanowhisker arrays and method for preparing them
US7666708B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2010-02-23 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US20100051932A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Seo-Yong Cho Nanostructure and uses thereof
US20100078055A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2010-04-01 Ruxandra Vidu Nanostructure and photovoltaic cell implementing same
US20100086604A1 (en) * 2006-10-10 2010-04-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Absorbant superhydrophobic materials, and methods of preparation and use thereof
AU2008200507B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2010-04-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US20100108131A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2010-05-06 International Business Machines Corporation Techniques for Use of Nanotechnology in Photovoltaics
US20100148149A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-06-17 Qunano Ab Elevated led and method of producing such
US7741197B1 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-06-22 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for harvesting and reducing contamination in nanowires
US7745810B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2010-06-29 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube films and articles
US20100167512A1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2010-07-01 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for Nanostructure Doping
US20100173070A1 (en) * 2004-02-02 2010-07-08 Nanosys, Inc. Porous Substrates, Articles, Systems and Compositions Comprising Nanofibers and Methods of Their Use and Production
US7776760B2 (en) 2006-11-07 2010-08-17 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth
US7786024B2 (en) 2006-11-29 2010-08-31 Nanosys, Inc. Selective processing of semiconductor nanowires by polarized visible radiation
US7785922B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2010-08-31 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for oriented growth of nanowires on patterned substrates
WO2010106283A1 (fr) 2009-03-17 2010-09-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Tete de lecture haute resolution pour disque optique
US7803574B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2010-09-28 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US20100276638A1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-04 Nanosys, Inc. Functionalized matrixes for dispersion of nanostructures
US20100285972A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2010-11-11 Nanosys, Inc. Nanofiber surfaces for use in enhanced surface area applications
US20100283064A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-11-11 Qunano Ab Nanostructured led array with collimating reflectors
US20100297502A1 (en) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-25 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructured Materials for Battery Applications
US7842432B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2010-11-30 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire structures comprising carbon
US7847341B2 (en) 2006-12-20 2010-12-07 Nanosys, Inc. Electron blocking layers for electronic devices
US20100320439A1 (en) * 2005-10-11 2010-12-23 Jin Yong-Wan Carbon nanotube structure and method of vertically aligning carbon nanotubes
US7858965B2 (en) 2005-06-06 2010-12-28 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanowire heterostructures
US20110045660A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2011-02-24 Nanosys, Inc. Large-Area Nanoenabled Macroelectronic Substrates and Uses Therefor
US20110064785A1 (en) * 2007-12-06 2011-03-17 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure-Enhanced Platelet Binding and Hemostatic Structures
WO2011038228A1 (en) 2009-09-24 2011-03-31 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Bent nanowires and related probing of species
US20110073837A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 University Of Southern California High-performance single-crystalline n-type dopant-doped metal oxide nanowires for transparent thin film transistors and active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays
US20110089402A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2011-04-21 Pengfei Qi Composite Nanorod-Based Structures for Generating Electricity
US20110101302A1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-05 University Of Southern California Wafer-scale fabrication of separated carbon nanotube thin-film transistors
US20110109006A1 (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Tsinghua University Method for making carbon nanotube film
US7968474B2 (en) 2006-11-09 2011-06-28 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for nanowire alignment and deposition
US20110168981A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2011-07-14 Alexander Kastalsky Nanotube array bipolar transistors
US20110186809A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2011-08-04 Alexander Kastalsky Nanotube array light emitting diodes and lasers
US20110214709A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-08 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Nanostructure and photovoltaic cell implementing same
US20110229795A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2011-09-22 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire-Based Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Fuel Cells
US8058640B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2011-11-15 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Branched nanoscale wires
US20110309331A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-22 Zena Technologies, Inc. Solar blind ultra violet (uv) detector and fabrication methods of the same
US8088483B1 (en) 2004-06-08 2012-01-03 Nanosys, Inc. Process for group 10 metal nanostructure synthesis and compositions made using same
US8094023B1 (en) * 2008-03-10 2012-01-10 Sandia Corporation Phononic crystal devices
US8142890B1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2012-03-27 University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Fabrication of high aspect ratio core-shell CdS-Mn/ZnS nanowires
US8154002B2 (en) 2004-12-06 2012-04-10 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wire-based data storage
US8183458B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2012-05-22 Solyndra Llc Photovoltaic apparatus having a filler layer and method for making the same
EP1883101A3 (de) * 2004-06-01 2012-05-30 Nikon Corporation Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrogerätes und Elektrogerät
US8232584B2 (en) 2005-05-25 2012-07-31 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale sensors
US8258047B2 (en) 2006-12-04 2012-09-04 General Electric Company Nanostructures, methods of depositing nanostructures and devices incorporating the same
US8278011B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2012-10-02 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructured catalyst supports
US20130022995A1 (en) * 2011-07-18 2013-01-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Metal nanowire including gold nanoclusters on a surface thereof for binding target material and method of binding the target material to the metal nanowire
US20130020620A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2013-01-24 Zena Technologies, Inc. Optical waveguides in image sensors
US8471238B2 (en) 2004-09-16 2013-06-25 Nantero Inc. Light emitters using nanotubes and methods of making same
US8540889B1 (en) 2008-11-19 2013-09-24 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of generating liquidphobic surfaces
US20130270517A1 (en) * 2012-04-16 2013-10-17 The University Of Tokyo Super lattice structure, semiconductor device and semiconductor light emitting device having super lattice structure, and method of making super lattice structure
US8575663B2 (en) 2006-11-22 2013-11-05 President And Fellows Of Harvard College High-sensitivity nanoscale wire sensors
US8580586B2 (en) 2005-05-09 2013-11-12 Nantero Inc. Memory arrays using nanotube articles with reprogrammable resistance
US8603246B2 (en) * 2008-01-30 2013-12-10 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Growth reactor systems and methods for low-temperature synthesis of nanowires
US8610104B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2013-12-17 Nano-Electronic And Photonic Devices And Circuits, Llc Nanotube array injection lasers
US8618612B2 (en) 2008-11-24 2013-12-31 University Of Southern California Integrated circuits based on aligned nanotubes
US8624108B1 (en) * 2006-11-01 2014-01-07 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nano or micro-scale structures
US8623288B1 (en) 2009-06-29 2014-01-07 Nanosys, Inc. Apparatus and methods for high density nanowire growth
US20140039730A1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2014-02-06 Airbus (S.A.S) Systems, methods, and computer readable media for protecting an operator against glare
US8692230B2 (en) 2011-03-29 2014-04-08 University Of Southern California High performance field-effect transistors
US8710488B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-04-29 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire structured photodiode with a surrounding epitaxially grown P or N layer
US8735797B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-05-27 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire photo-detector grown on a back-side illuminated image sensor
US8748799B2 (en) 2010-12-14 2014-06-10 Zena Technologies, Inc. Full color single pixel including doublet or quadruplet si nanowires for image sensors
US8766272B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-07-01 Zena Technologies, Inc. Active pixel sensor with nanowire structured photodetectors
US8791470B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2014-07-29 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nano structured LEDs
US8810808B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2014-08-19 Zena Technologies, Inc. Determination of optimal diameters for nanowires
US8860137B2 (en) 2011-06-08 2014-10-14 University Of Southern California Radio frequency devices based on carbon nanomaterials
US8866065B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2014-10-21 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire arrays comprising fluorescent nanowires
US8890271B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2014-11-18 Zena Technologies, Inc. Silicon nitride light pipes for image sensors
US8889455B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-11-18 Zena Technologies, Inc. Manufacturing nanowire photo-detector grown on a back-side illuminated image sensor
US20150082874A1 (en) * 2012-04-23 2015-03-26 Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. Sensor array
US9000353B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2015-04-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Light absorption and filtering properties of vertically oriented semiconductor nano wires
US9005480B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-04-14 Nanosys, Inc. Method for solventless quantum dot exchange
US9076908B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2015-07-07 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Three-dimensional metamaterial device with photovoltaic bristles
US9082673B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2015-07-14 Zena Technologies, Inc. Passivated upstanding nanostructures and methods of making the same
US9102521B2 (en) 2006-06-12 2015-08-11 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors and related technologies
US9139770B2 (en) 2012-06-22 2015-09-22 Nanosys, Inc. Silicone ligands for stabilizing quantum dot films
US20150266013A1 (en) * 2014-03-24 2015-09-24 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Photocatalyst
US9169435B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2015-10-27 Nanosys, Inc. Highly luminescent nanostructures and methods of producing same
US9177985B2 (en) 2009-06-04 2015-11-03 Zena Technologies, Inc. Array of nanowires in a single cavity with anti-reflective coating on substrate
US20160053174A1 (en) * 2011-10-04 2016-02-25 Hao Yan Quantum dots, rods, wires, sheets, and ribbons, and uses thereof
US9299866B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2016-03-29 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire array based solar energy harvesting device
US9304035B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2016-04-05 Zena Technologies, Inc. Vertical waveguides with various functionality on integrated circuits
US9343490B2 (en) 2013-08-09 2016-05-17 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire structured color filter arrays and fabrication method of the same
US9379327B1 (en) 2014-12-16 2016-06-28 Carbonics Inc. Photolithography based fabrication of 3D structures
US9390951B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2016-07-12 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Methods and systems for electric field deposition of nanowires and other devices
US9406709B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2016-08-02 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods for fabricating and using nanowires
US9478685B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2016-10-25 Zena Technologies, Inc. Vertical pillar structured infrared detector and fabrication method for the same
US20160336452A1 (en) * 2015-01-15 2016-11-17 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Thin Film Transistor and Method of Fabricating the Same, Array Substrate, and Display Device
US9515218B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2016-12-06 Zena Technologies, Inc. Vertical pillar structured photovoltaic devices with mirrors and optical claddings
US9595685B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2017-03-14 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires, nanoscale wire FET devices, and nanotube-electronic hybrid devices for sensing and other applications
US9881835B1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2018-01-30 Uvic Industry Partnerships Inc. Nanowire devices, systems, and methods of production
US20180088079A1 (en) * 2015-04-03 2018-03-29 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires with external layers for sensors and other applications
US9947817B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-04-17 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Three-dimensional photovoltaic devices including non-conductive cores and methods of manufacture
US9954126B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-04-24 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Three-dimensional photovoltaic devices including cavity-containing cores and methods of manufacture
TWI638452B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-10-11 林嘉洤 Room temperature oscillator
US10737938B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2020-08-11 UVic Industry Partnership Inc. Nanowire chain devices, systems, and methods of production
CN112410933A (zh) * 2019-08-20 2021-02-26 Tcl集团股份有限公司 纳米材料及其制备方法和量子点发光二极管
US11111399B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2021-09-07 Quirklogic, Inc. Materials and methods for conductive thin films
WO2021216386A1 (en) * 2020-04-19 2021-10-28 Daniels John J Mask-based diagnostic system using exhaled breath condensate

Families Citing this family (268)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2773261B1 (fr) 1997-12-30 2000-01-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede pour le transfert d'un film mince comportant une etape de creation d'inclusions
EP1194960B1 (de) 1999-07-02 2010-09-15 President and Fellows of Harvard College Nanoskopischen draht enthaltende anordnung, logische felder und verfahren zu deren herstellung
WO2003005450A2 (en) 2001-05-18 2003-01-16 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires and related devices
US20060175601A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2006-08-10 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires and related devices
WO2003104789A1 (en) * 2002-06-06 2003-12-18 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOSENSOR BASED ON ZnO NANOSTRUCTURES
US8377683B2 (en) 2002-06-06 2013-02-19 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Zinc oxide-based nanostructure modified QCM for dynamic monitoring of cell adhesion and proliferation
EP1376606B1 (de) 2002-06-20 2008-12-03 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. Molekularspeicher mit DNA Strängen als molekulare Schalter und Kohlenstoffnanoröhren sowie dazugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren
AU2003261205A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-02-09 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale coherent optical components
AU2003298998A1 (en) 2002-09-05 2004-04-08 Nanosys, Inc. Oriented nanostructures and methods of preparing
US6949206B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2005-09-27 Nanosys, Inc. Organic species that facilitate charge transfer to or from nanostructures
US7572393B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2009-08-11 Nanosys Inc. Organic species that facilitate charge transfer to or from nanostructures
US7448441B2 (en) * 2002-09-17 2008-11-11 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Carbon nanotube heat-exchange systems
EP1563555A4 (de) * 2002-09-30 2009-08-26 Nanosys Inc ANWENDUNG VON NANO-BEREITEN GROSSFLûCHIGEN MAKROELEKTRONISCHEN SUBSTRATEN MIT NANOLEITUNGEN UND NANOLEITUNGSZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN
JP5226174B2 (ja) * 2002-11-05 2013-07-03 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ ナノ構造体、そのようなナノ構造体を有する電子機器およびナノ構造体を調製する方法
KR100790859B1 (ko) * 2002-11-15 2008-01-03 삼성전자주식회사 수직 나노튜브를 이용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자
US7910064B2 (en) 2003-06-03 2011-03-22 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire-based sensor configurations
US7235421B2 (en) * 2003-09-16 2007-06-26 Nasreen Chopra System and method for developing production nano-material
WO2005029591A1 (ja) 2003-09-23 2005-03-31 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. 一次元半導体基板、並びに、該一次元半導体基板を用いた素子、素子アレー、及びモジュール
US7067328B2 (en) 2003-09-25 2006-06-27 Nanosys, Inc. Methods, devices and compositions for depositing and orienting nanostructures
FR2861497B1 (fr) * 2003-10-28 2006-02-10 Soitec Silicon On Insulator Procede de transfert catastrophique d'une couche fine apres co-implantation
KR20050055456A (ko) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-13 학교법인 포항공과대학교 산화아연계 나노막대를 이용한 바이오센서 및 이의 제조방법
US7421173B2 (en) * 2003-12-16 2008-09-02 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical waveguiding
US7112525B1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2006-09-26 University Of South Florida Method for the assembly of nanowire interconnects
TW200537143A (en) * 2004-02-11 2005-11-16 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Integrated optical wave guide for light generated by a bipolar transistor
US20090227107A9 (en) * 2004-02-13 2009-09-10 President And Fellows Of Havard College Nanostructures Containing Metal Semiconductor Compounds
KR100625999B1 (ko) * 2004-02-26 2006-09-20 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 도너 시트, 상기 도너 시트의 제조방법, 상기 도너 시트를이용한 박막 트랜지스터의 제조방법, 및 상기 도너 시트를이용한 평판 표시장치의 제조방법
US7381579B2 (en) * 2004-02-26 2008-06-03 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Donor sheet, method of manufacturing the same, method of manufacturing TFT using the donor sheet, and method of manufacturing flat panel display device using the donor sheet
US7595528B2 (en) 2004-03-10 2009-09-29 Nanosys, Inc. Nano-enabled memory devices and anisotropic charge carrying arrays
EP1723676A4 (de) 2004-03-10 2009-04-15 Nanosys Inc Speicherbausteine mit nano-fähigkeit und anisotrope ladungsträger-arrays
KR100534204B1 (ko) * 2004-03-17 2005-12-07 한국과학기술연구원 나노선이 보조된 레이저 탈착/이온화 질량분석 방법
EP1738378A4 (de) 2004-03-18 2010-05-05 Nanosys Inc Auf nanofaseroberflächen basierende kondensatoren
US7305869B1 (en) * 2004-04-12 2007-12-11 U. S. Department Of Energy Spin microscope based on optically detected magnetic resonance
US7622367B1 (en) 2004-06-04 2009-11-24 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Methods and devices for fabricating and assembling printable semiconductor elements
US8563133B2 (en) 2004-06-08 2013-10-22 Sandisk Corporation Compositions and methods for modulation of nanostructure energy levels
CA2567930A1 (en) 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Nanosys, Inc. Methods and devices for forming nanostructure monolayers and devices including such monolayers
US7968273B2 (en) 2004-06-08 2011-06-28 Nanosys, Inc. Methods and devices for forming nanostructure monolayers and devices including such monolayers
US7776758B2 (en) 2004-06-08 2010-08-17 Nanosys, Inc. Methods and devices for forming nanostructure monolayers and devices including such monolayers
TWI406890B (zh) 2004-06-08 2013-09-01 Sandisk Corp 奈米結構之沉積後包封：併入該包封體之組成物、裝置及系統
US20070264623A1 (en) * 2004-06-15 2007-11-15 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors
JPWO2006001332A1 (ja) * 2004-06-25 2008-04-17 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 スピン記録方法および装置
US8558311B2 (en) 2004-09-16 2013-10-15 Nanosys, Inc. Dielectrics using substantially longitudinally oriented insulated conductive wires
US7365395B2 (en) 2004-09-16 2008-04-29 Nanosys, Inc. Artificial dielectrics using nanostructures
JP4568286B2 (ja) 2004-10-04 2010-10-27 パナソニック株式会社 縦型電界効果トランジスタおよびその製造方法
US7307271B2 (en) * 2004-11-05 2007-12-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Nanowire interconnection and nano-scale device applications
US7400665B2 (en) * 2004-11-05 2008-07-15 Hewlett-Packard Developement Company, L.P. Nano-VCSEL device and fabrication thereof using nano-colonnades
CN100376906C (zh) * 2004-12-11 2008-03-26 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 彩色滤光片
CN101378985A (zh) 2005-01-12 2009-03-04 纽约大学 利用全息光学镊子处理纳米导线的系统和方法
US7122461B2 (en) * 2005-02-10 2006-10-17 Intel Corporation Method to assemble structures from nano-materials
KR101181097B1 (ko) 2005-02-10 2012-09-07 파나소닉 주식회사 미세구조체를 유지하기 위한 구조체, 반도체장치, 티에프티구동회로, 패널, 디스플레이, 센서 및 이들의 제조방법
KR100661696B1 (ko) * 2005-02-22 2006-12-26 삼성전자주식회사 이종 구조의 반도체 나노 와이어 및 그의 제조방법
JP2006239857A (ja) * 2005-02-25 2006-09-14 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd シリコンナノワイヤ、シリコンナノワイヤを含む半導体素子及びシリコンナノワイヤの製造方法
KR101100887B1 (ko) 2005-03-17 2012-01-02 삼성전자주식회사 박막 트랜지스터, 박막 트랜지스터 표시판 및 그 제조 방법
US7510951B2 (en) * 2005-05-12 2009-03-31 Lg Chem, Ltd. Method for forming high-resolution pattern with direct writing means
KR100833017B1 (ko) * 2005-05-12 2008-05-27 주식회사 엘지화학 직접 패턴법을 이용한 고해상도 패턴형성방법
US20080197440A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2008-08-21 Misuzu R & D Ltd. Nonvolatile Memory
US8370769B2 (en) * 2005-06-10 2013-02-05 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Variable path management of user contacts
US8370770B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2013-02-05 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Variable path management of user contacts
US8359548B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2013-01-22 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Managing subset of user contacts
US7685530B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2010-03-23 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Preferred contact group centric interface
US20090050204A1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-26 Illuminex Corporation. Photovoltaic device using nanostructured material
US20100193768A1 (en) * 2005-06-20 2010-08-05 Illuminex Corporation Semiconducting nanowire arrays for photovoltaic applications
EP1945840B1 (de) 2005-08-26 2017-03-08 Smoltek AB Nanostruktur-enthaltende integrierte schaltung
KR100845704B1 (ko) * 2005-10-19 2008-07-11 주식회사 엘지화학 나노와이어의 제조방법 및 나노와이어가 성장된 기판
CA2624776C (en) 2005-11-21 2015-05-12 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire structures comprising carbon
US7394094B2 (en) * 2005-12-29 2008-07-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Semiconductor nanocrystal heterostructures
TWI342866B (en) * 2005-12-30 2011-06-01 Ind Tech Res Inst Nanowires and a method of the same
WO2008060640A2 (en) * 2006-02-02 2008-05-22 William Marsh Rice University Nanoparticle / nanotube-based nanoelectronic devices and chemically-directed assembly thereof
US20070186629A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-16 Ying-Lan Chang Functionalizable nanowire-based AFM probe
JP4970997B2 (ja) 2006-03-30 2012-07-11 パナソニック株式会社 ナノワイヤトランジスタの製造方法
US8017860B2 (en) * 2006-05-15 2011-09-13 Stion Corporation Method and structure for thin film photovoltaic materials using bulk semiconductor materials
US9105776B2 (en) * 2006-05-15 2015-08-11 Stion Corporation Method and structure for thin film photovoltaic materials using semiconductor materials
US8255281B2 (en) * 2006-06-07 2012-08-28 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Service management system that enables subscriber-driven changes to service plans
US7888753B2 (en) * 2006-07-31 2011-02-15 International Business Machines Corporation Ultra-sensitive detection techniques
US8323789B2 (en) 2006-08-31 2012-12-04 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Nanomaterial polymer compositions and uses thereof
US7834424B2 (en) * 2006-09-12 2010-11-16 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Extendable connector and network
CN101573772B (zh) * 2006-10-04 2011-10-05 Nxp股份有限公司 Mim电容器
WO2008045301A1 (en) * 2006-10-05 2008-04-17 Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. Well-aligned, high aspect-ratio, high-density silicon nanowires and methods of making the same
US7388200B2 (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-06-17 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Sensing method and nanosensing device for performing the same
US7847238B2 (en) 2006-11-07 2010-12-07 New York University Holographic microfabrication and characterization system for soft matter and biological systems
KR100829579B1 (ko) * 2006-11-27 2008-05-14 삼성전자주식회사 나노튜브를 이용한 전계효과 트랜지스터 및 그 제조방법
US7851784B2 (en) * 2007-02-13 2010-12-14 Nano-Electronic And Photonic Devices And Circuits, Llc Nanotube array electronic devices
WO2008143727A2 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-11-27 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowire photodetector and image sensor with internal gain
US7728333B2 (en) * 2007-03-09 2010-06-01 Nano-Electronic And Photonic Devices And Circuits, Llc Nanotube array ballistic light emitting devices
US8212235B2 (en) 2007-04-25 2012-07-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Nanowire-based opto-electronic device
KR101365411B1 (ko) 2007-04-25 2014-02-20 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 박막 트랜지스터의 제조 방법과 액정표시장치의 제조 방법
US7880318B1 (en) 2007-04-27 2011-02-01 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Sensing system and method of making the same
EP2156471A2 (de) * 2007-05-07 2010-02-24 Nxp B.V. Lichtempfindliches bauelement und verfahren zur herstellung eines lichtempfindlichen bauelements
KR101356694B1 (ko) * 2007-05-10 2014-01-29 삼성전자주식회사 실리콘 나노와이어를 이용한 발광 다이오드 및 그 제조방법
KR20080100057A (ko) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-14 주성엔지니어링(주) 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 제조방법과 그 제조장치 및시스템
US7939346B2 (en) * 2007-05-25 2011-05-10 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Nanomembranes for remote sensing
FR2916902B1 (fr) * 2007-05-31 2009-07-17 Commissariat Energie Atomique Transistor a effet de champ a nanotubes de carbone
US7663202B2 (en) * 2007-06-26 2010-02-16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Nanowire photodiodes and methods of making nanowire photodiodes
US8071179B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2011-12-06 Stion Corporation Methods for infusing one or more materials into nano-voids if nanoporous or nanostructured materials
DE102007031600B4 (de) * 2007-07-06 2015-10-15 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh Array aus vertikalen UV-Leuchtemitterdioden und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP2168147A4 (de) * 2007-07-10 2012-07-11 Univ California Zusammengesetzte nanostäbe
US20090020150A1 (en) * 2007-07-19 2009-01-22 Atwater Harry A Structures of ordered arrays of semiconductors
US7833504B2 (en) * 2007-08-27 2010-11-16 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Silylated carbon nanotubes and methods of making same
WO2009032412A1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-12 California Institute Of Technology Polymer-embedded semiconductor rod arrays
KR101345456B1 (ko) * 2007-08-29 2013-12-27 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 위치 선택적 수평형 나노와이어의 성장방법, 그에 의해형성된 나노와이어 및 이를 포함하는 나노소자
JP5347377B2 (ja) * 2007-08-31 2013-11-20 大日本印刷株式会社 縦型有機トランジスタ、その製造方法及び発光素子
US8759671B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2014-06-24 Stion Corporation Thin film metal oxide bearing semiconductor material for single junction solar cell devices
US8287942B1 (en) 2007-09-28 2012-10-16 Stion Corporation Method for manufacture of semiconductor bearing thin film material
US7745315B1 (en) 2007-10-03 2010-06-29 Sandia Corporation Highly aligned vertical GaN nanowires using submonolayer metal catalysts
US7915146B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2011-03-29 International Business Machines Corporation Controlled doping of semiconductor nanowires
US7998762B1 (en) 2007-11-14 2011-08-16 Stion Corporation Method and system for large scale manufacture of thin film photovoltaic devices using multi-chamber configuration
SG153674A1 (en) * 2007-12-11 2009-07-29 Nanyang Polytechnic A method of doping and apparatus for doping
FR2925221B1 (fr) * 2007-12-17 2010-02-19 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de transfert d'une couche mince
US8440994B2 (en) * 2008-01-24 2013-05-14 Nano-Electronic And Photonic Devices And Circuits, Llc Nanotube array electronic and opto-electronic devices
US8492249B2 (en) * 2008-01-24 2013-07-23 Nano-Electronic And Photonic Devices And Circuits, Llc Methods of forming catalytic nanopads
US8440903B1 (en) 2008-02-21 2013-05-14 Stion Corporation Method and structure for forming module using a powder coating and thermal treatment process
TWI485642B (zh) * 2008-02-26 2015-05-21 Epistar Corp 光電元件之客製化製造方法
US8772078B1 (en) 2008-03-03 2014-07-08 Stion Corporation Method and system for laser separation for exclusion region of multi-junction photovoltaic materials
US8075723B1 (en) 2008-03-03 2011-12-13 Stion Corporation Laser separation method for manufacture of unit cells for thin film photovoltaic materials
CN101562204B (zh) * 2008-04-18 2011-03-23 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 太阳能电池
CN101552295A (zh) * 2008-04-03 2009-10-07 清华大学 太阳能电池
CN101527327B (zh) * 2008-03-07 2012-09-19 清华大学 太阳能电池
CN101552297B (zh) * 2008-04-03 2012-11-21 清华大学 太阳能电池
CN101562203B (zh) * 2008-04-18 2014-07-09 清华大学 太阳能电池
US8174742B2 (en) 2008-03-14 2012-05-08 New York University System for applying optical forces from phase gradients
US8810009B2 (en) * 2008-04-27 2014-08-19 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Method of fabricating a planar semiconductor nanowire
US8364243B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2013-01-29 Nanosys, Inc. Non-fouling surfaces for reflective spheres
CN101582450B (zh) * 2008-05-16 2012-03-28 清华大学 薄膜晶体管
US7939454B1 (en) 2008-05-31 2011-05-10 Stion Corporation Module and lamination process for multijunction cells
US8642138B2 (en) 2008-06-11 2014-02-04 Stion Corporation Processing method for cleaning sulfur entities of contact regions
US8003432B2 (en) 2008-06-25 2011-08-23 Stion Corporation Consumable adhesive layer for thin film photovoltaic material
US9087943B2 (en) 2008-06-25 2015-07-21 Stion Corporation High efficiency photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method free of metal disulfide barrier material
US7960653B2 (en) * 2008-07-25 2011-06-14 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Conductive nanowires for electrical interconnect
US8207008B1 (en) 2008-08-01 2012-06-26 Stion Corporation Affixing method and solar decal device using a thin film photovoltaic
US7855089B2 (en) 2008-09-10 2010-12-21 Stion Corporation Application specific solar cell and method for manufacture using thin film photovoltaic materials
US8153482B2 (en) * 2008-09-22 2012-04-10 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Well-structure anti-punch-through microwire device
US8394662B1 (en) 2008-09-29 2013-03-12 Stion Corporation Chloride species surface treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8501521B1 (en) 2008-09-29 2013-08-06 Stion Corporation Copper species surface treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8236597B1 (en) 2008-09-29 2012-08-07 Stion Corporation Bulk metal species treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8476104B1 (en) 2008-09-29 2013-07-02 Stion Corporation Sodium species surface treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8008110B1 (en) 2008-09-29 2011-08-30 Stion Corporation Bulk sodium species treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8008112B1 (en) 2008-09-29 2011-08-30 Stion Corporation Bulk chloride species treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8026122B1 (en) 2008-09-29 2011-09-27 Stion Corporation Metal species surface treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8383450B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2013-02-26 Stion Corporation Large scale chemical bath system and method for cadmium sulfide processing of thin film photovoltaic materials
US7910399B1 (en) 2008-09-30 2011-03-22 Stion Corporation Thermal management and method for large scale processing of CIS and/or CIGS based thin films overlying glass substrates
US7863074B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2011-01-04 Stion Corporation Patterning electrode materials free from berm structures for thin film photovoltaic cells
US7947524B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2011-05-24 Stion Corporation Humidity control and method for thin film photovoltaic materials
US8425739B1 (en) 2008-09-30 2013-04-23 Stion Corporation In chamber sodium doping process and system for large scale cigs based thin film photovoltaic materials
US8741689B2 (en) 2008-10-01 2014-06-03 Stion Corporation Thermal pre-treatment process for soda lime glass substrate for thin film photovoltaic materials
US20110018103A1 (en) 2008-10-02 2011-01-27 Stion Corporation System and method for transferring substrates in large scale processing of cigs and/or cis devices
US8003430B1 (en) 2008-10-06 2011-08-23 Stion Corporation Sulfide species treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8435826B1 (en) 2008-10-06 2013-05-07 Stion Corporation Bulk sulfide species treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method
US8168463B2 (en) 2008-10-17 2012-05-01 Stion Corporation Zinc oxide film method and structure for CIGS cell
WO2010048407A1 (en) 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Nanosys, Inc. Electrochemical catalysts for fuel cells
US9589793B2 (en) * 2008-11-06 2017-03-07 Arizona Board of Regents, a body corporate acting for and on behalf of Arizona State University Laterally varying II-VI alloys and uses thereof
US8344243B2 (en) 2008-11-20 2013-01-01 Stion Corporation Method and structure for thin film photovoltaic cell using similar material junction
US8169006B2 (en) * 2008-11-29 2012-05-01 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Bio-sensor chip for detecting target material
US20100148213A1 (en) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Yen-Wei Hsu Tunnel device
KR101539669B1 (ko) * 2008-12-16 2015-07-27 삼성전자주식회사 코어-쉘 타입 구조물 형성방법 및 이를 이용한 트랜지스터 제조방법
US7884004B2 (en) 2009-02-04 2011-02-08 International Business Machines Corporation Maskless process for suspending and thinning nanowires
USD631891S1 (en) 2009-03-27 2011-02-01 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Portion of a display screen with a user interface
USD631890S1 (en) 2009-03-27 2011-02-01 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Portion of a display screen with a user interface
US8577350B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2013-11-05 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Managing communications utilizing communication categories
US9355382B2 (en) * 2009-03-27 2016-05-31 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Group based information displays
US9369542B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2016-06-14 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Network-based processing of data requests for contact information
US9210247B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2015-12-08 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Managing contact groups from subset of user contacts
US9195966B2 (en) * 2009-03-27 2015-11-24 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Managing contact groups from subset of user contacts
USD631888S1 (en) 2009-03-27 2011-02-01 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Portion of a display screen with a user interface
USD631889S1 (en) 2009-03-27 2011-02-01 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Portion of a display screen with a user interface
USD631887S1 (en) 2009-03-27 2011-02-01 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Portion of a display screen with a user interface
US8237150B2 (en) * 2009-04-03 2012-08-07 International Business Machines Corporation Nanowire devices for enhancing mobility through stress engineering
US7902541B2 (en) * 2009-04-03 2011-03-08 International Business Machines Corporation Semiconductor nanowire with built-in stress
US7943530B2 (en) * 2009-04-03 2011-05-17 International Business Machines Corporation Semiconductor nanowires having mobility-optimized orientations
US8013324B2 (en) * 2009-04-03 2011-09-06 International Business Machines Corporation Structurally stabilized semiconductor nanowire
JP5686988B2 (ja) 2009-05-04 2015-03-18 シャープ株式会社 燃料電池用膜電極複合体に用いられる触媒層、それを用いる燃料電池用膜電極複合体、燃料電池、およびその製造方法
JP5299105B2 (ja) * 2009-06-16 2013-09-25 ソニー株式会社 二酸化バナジウムナノワイヤとその製造方法、及び二酸化バナジウムナノワイヤを用いたナノワイヤデバイス
FR2947098A1 (fr) * 2009-06-18 2010-12-24 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de transfert d'une couche mince sur un substrat cible ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique different de celui de la couche mince
US8507786B1 (en) 2009-06-27 2013-08-13 Stion Corporation Manufacturing method for patterning CIGS/CIS solar cells
US8368125B2 (en) 2009-07-20 2013-02-05 International Business Machines Corporation Multiple orientation nanowires with gate stack stressors
US8389393B2 (en) * 2009-07-29 2013-03-05 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Nanoparticle synthesis
US8269257B2 (en) * 2009-07-29 2012-09-18 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Nanowire synthesis
US8398772B1 (en) 2009-08-18 2013-03-19 Stion Corporation Method and structure for processing thin film PV cells with improved temperature uniformity
KR101016437B1 (ko) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-21 한국과학기술연구원 스핀 축적과 확산을 이용한 다기능 논리 소자
US20120199812A1 (en) * 2009-10-07 2012-08-09 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated Strain tunable silicon and germanium nanowire optoelectronic devices
WO2011049804A2 (en) * 2009-10-21 2011-04-28 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Method of forming an array of high aspect ratio semiconductor nanostructures
US8809096B1 (en) 2009-10-22 2014-08-19 Stion Corporation Bell jar extraction tool method and apparatus for thin film photovoltaic materials
US8390705B2 (en) * 2009-10-27 2013-03-05 Hewlett-Packard Develoment Company, L.P. Nanowire photodiodes
US8563395B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2013-10-22 The Royal Institute For The Advancement Of Learning/Mcgill University Method of growing uniform semiconductor nanowires without foreign metal catalyst and devices thereof
US9530912B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2016-12-27 The California Institute Of Technology Three-dimensional patterning methods and related devices
US8008146B2 (en) * 2009-12-04 2011-08-30 International Business Machines Corporation Different thickness oxide silicon nanowire field effect transistors
EP2513952A1 (de) 2009-12-17 2012-10-24 Merck Patent GmbH Abscheidung von nanopartikeln
KR101914651B1 (ko) 2009-12-22 2018-11-05 큐나노에이비 나노와이어 구조체를 제조하는 방법
KR101132273B1 (ko) 2009-12-28 2012-04-02 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 하이브리드 태양전지 및 그 제조 방법
US8859880B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2014-10-14 Stion Corporation Method and structure for tiling industrial thin-film solar devices
US8263494B2 (en) 2010-01-25 2012-09-11 Stion Corporation Method for improved patterning accuracy for thin film photovoltaic panels
CN101807606B (zh) * 2010-03-04 2011-05-25 吉林大学 n型氧化锌/p型金刚石异质结隧道二极管及其制作方法
JP5127856B2 (ja) 2010-03-15 2013-01-23 株式会社東芝 半導体記憶装置
US9263612B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2016-02-16 California Institute Of Technology Heterojunction wire array solar cells
US9096930B2 (en) 2010-03-29 2015-08-04 Stion Corporation Apparatus for manufacturing thin film photovoltaic devices
US20110267436A1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Nauganeedles Llc Nanowire Bonding Method and Apparatus
US9447520B2 (en) * 2010-05-11 2016-09-20 Qunano Ab Gas-phase synthesis method for forming semiconductor nanowires
US8420455B2 (en) 2010-05-12 2013-04-16 International Business Machines Corporation Generation of multiple diameter nanowire field effect transistors
US8519479B2 (en) 2010-05-12 2013-08-27 International Business Machines Corporation Generation of multiple diameter nanowire field effect transistors
US8445337B2 (en) 2010-05-12 2013-05-21 International Business Machines Corporation Generation of multiple diameter nanowire field effect transistors
US8461061B2 (en) 2010-07-23 2013-06-11 Stion Corporation Quartz boat method and apparatus for thin film thermal treatment
US8628997B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2014-01-14 Stion Corporation Method and device for cadmium-free solar cells
KR101223233B1 (ko) * 2010-10-13 2013-01-21 서울대학교산학협력단 반도체 나노선을 결합한 마이크로/나노 역학 구조물의 극미세 역학적 변위측정방법
US8462333B2 (en) * 2010-10-15 2013-06-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Apparatus for performing SERS
US8998606B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2015-04-07 Stion Corporation Apparatus and method utilizing forced convection for uniform thermal treatment of thin film devices
US8728200B1 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-05-20 Stion Corporation Method and system for recycling processing gas for selenization of thin film photovoltaic materials
US8593629B2 (en) 2011-02-17 2013-11-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Apparatus for performing SERS
FR2973936B1 (fr) * 2011-04-05 2014-01-31 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de croissance selective sur une structure semiconductrice
CN102259833B (zh) * 2011-05-24 2014-11-05 黄辉 一种基于纳米线交叉互联的纳米线器件制备方法
US8848183B2 (en) 2011-07-22 2014-09-30 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Apparatus having nano-fingers of different physical characteristics
CN103764544A (zh) 2011-07-26 2014-04-30 1D材料有限责任公司 纳米结构的电池活性材料及其制备方法
US9377409B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2016-06-28 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Fabricating an apparatus for use in a sensing application
US8436445B2 (en) 2011-08-15 2013-05-07 Stion Corporation Method of manufacture of sodium doped CIGS/CIGSS absorber layers for high efficiency photovoltaic devices
US8895417B2 (en) 2011-11-29 2014-11-25 International Business Machines Corporation Reducing contact resistance for field-effect transistor devices
US8772910B2 (en) * 2011-11-29 2014-07-08 International Business Machines Corporation Doping carbon nanotubes and graphene for improving electronic mobility
TWI472069B (zh) 2011-12-19 2015-02-01 Ind Tech Res Inst 熱電複合材料
TWI559561B (zh) * 2011-12-28 2016-11-21 國立台北科技大學 陣列式靜電紡絲技術應用於染料敏化太陽能電池
JP2015511208A (ja) 2012-01-01 2015-04-16 トラセンス システムズ リミテッド ナノ構造体及びその作成方法
US10026560B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2018-07-17 The California Institute Of Technology Solar fuels generator
US9545612B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2017-01-17 California Institute Of Technology Solar fuel generator
WO2013114218A2 (en) * 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Qunano Ab High-throughput continuous gas-phase synthesis of nanowires with tunable properties
WO2013126432A1 (en) 2012-02-21 2013-08-29 California Institute Of Technology Axially-integrated epitaxially-grown tandem wire arrays
WO2013152043A1 (en) 2012-04-02 2013-10-10 California Institute Of Technology Solar fuels generator
US9947816B2 (en) 2012-04-03 2018-04-17 California Institute Of Technology Semiconductor structures for fuel generation
EP2837035A2 (de) * 2012-04-12 2015-02-18 Sol Voltaics AB Verfahren zur funktionalisierung, dispersion und befestigung von nanodraht
WO2013166259A1 (en) 2012-05-03 2013-11-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale sensors for intracellular and other applications
DE202012102039U1 (de) * 2012-06-04 2013-02-08 Ramot At Tel Aviv University Ltd. Nanostruktur
US9786850B2 (en) 2012-09-07 2017-10-10 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods and systems for scaffolds comprising nanoelectronic components
US9457128B2 (en) 2012-09-07 2016-10-04 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Scaffolds comprising nanoelectronic components for cells, tissues, and other applications
WO2014043341A1 (en) 2012-09-12 2014-03-20 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale field-effect transistors for biomolecular sensors and other applications
FR3000292B1 (fr) * 2012-12-20 2015-02-27 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede d'obtention d'au moins un nanoelement a base de silicium dans une tranche d'oxyde de silicium, procede de fabrication d'un dispositif mettant en œuvre le procede d'obtention
US9553223B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2017-01-24 California Institute Of Technology Method for alignment of microwires
WO2014123860A2 (en) 2013-02-06 2014-08-14 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Anisotropic deposition in nanoscale wires
FR3004000B1 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2016-07-15 Aledia Dispositif electroluminescent avec capteur integre et procede de controle de l'emission du dispositif
CN103840080B (zh) * 2013-12-05 2016-08-17 南昌大学 基于一维镉掺杂氧化锌纳米线的电压控制存储器及制备方法
CN105899640B (zh) * 2014-01-06 2018-06-19 纳米技术有限公司 无镉量子点纳米粒子
CN103869103B (zh) * 2014-03-27 2016-04-06 上海华力微电子有限公司 原子力显微镜探针装置
US9287516B2 (en) * 2014-04-07 2016-03-15 International Business Machines Corporation Forming pn junction contacts by different dielectrics
WO2015171699A1 (en) 2014-05-07 2015-11-12 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Controlled growth of nanoscale wires
US10167193B2 (en) 2014-09-23 2019-01-01 Vanderbilt University Ferroelectric agglomerates and methods and uses related thereto
WO2016069831A1 (en) 2014-10-30 2016-05-06 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires with tip-localized junctions
EP3258837A4 (de) 2015-02-20 2018-10-10 Mc10, Inc. Automatische erkennung und konfiguration von am körper tragbaren vorrichtungen auf basis von status, position und/oder ausrichtung am körper
CN104779275B (zh) * 2015-04-30 2017-11-28 湖北工业大学 自激励自旋单电子电磁场效应晶体管、制备方法及应用
CN105088346B (zh) * 2015-08-19 2016-06-22 宁波工程学院 一种具有超高长径比的P掺杂SiC纳米线及其制备方法
KR101742073B1 (ko) * 2015-12-01 2017-06-01 주식회사 페타룩스 할로겐화구리 반도체 기반 전자소자 및 이를 포함하는 기억소자 및 논리소자
KR101845139B1 (ko) * 2015-12-29 2018-05-18 전자부품연구원 실리콘 나노와이어를 이용한 애벌런치 포토다이오드 및 그를 이용한 실리콘 나노와이어 광증배관
US10277386B2 (en) 2016-02-22 2019-04-30 Mc10, Inc. System, devices, and method for on-body data and power transmission
CN105862122B (zh) * 2016-05-09 2018-08-03 北京大学 基于多步掠射角沉积法的锑化铟纳米线制备与锰掺杂方法
PL3484810T3 (pl) 2016-07-15 2024-02-19 Oned Material, Inc. Aparatura produkcyjna i sposób wytwarzania nanodrutów krzemowych na bazie proszków węglowych do zastosowania w bateriach
DE102016010764A1 (de) * 2016-09-08 2018-03-08 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Vorrichtung zur Messung kleiner Potentiale einer Probe, Verfahren zur Herstellung der Vorrichtung und Verwendung der Vorrichtung
US10782014B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2020-09-22 Habib Technologies LLC Plasmonic energy conversion device for vapor generation
CN106783809B (zh) * 2016-11-23 2019-03-01 华东师范大学 一种同轴自旋电容及制备方法
RU178317U1 (ru) * 2017-02-17 2018-03-29 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (МГУ) Полевой транзистор для определения биологически активных соединений
US10243156B2 (en) 2017-03-16 2019-03-26 International Business Machines Corporation Placement of carbon nanotube guided by DSA patterning
CN107119323B (zh) * 2017-04-27 2019-08-06 云南北方驰宏光电有限公司 一种CVDZnS晶体材料的掺杂改性方法
KR101940067B1 (ko) * 2017-08-24 2019-01-18 건국대학교 산학협력단 중공와이어의 제조방법
KR101950114B1 (ko) * 2017-10-27 2019-02-19 고려대학교 산학협력단 반도체 나노와이어 광전 소자
KR102015278B1 (ko) * 2017-10-30 2019-08-28 한국생산기술연구원 채널이 형성된 몰드를 이용한 나노와이어 패턴형성 방법
CN108914086B (zh) * 2018-07-17 2020-05-22 武汉工程大学 铁掺杂金刚石稀磁半导体及其制备方法
WO2020154511A1 (en) * 2019-01-23 2020-07-30 University Of Washington Indium phosphorus quantum dots, clusters, and related methods
US20220213425A1 (en) 2019-06-24 2022-07-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard Cell scaffold comprising an electronic circuit
CN110320195B (zh) * 2019-08-21 2021-12-28 合肥工业大学 一种比色荧光探针及其制备方法和应用
CN111101192B (zh) * 2020-01-09 2021-05-07 西北工业大学 一种利用模板法制备单晶黑磷纳米线的方法
CN111477560B (zh) * 2020-05-14 2023-03-03 包头美科硅能源有限公司 太阳能电池用镓、硼掺杂单晶硅棒区分的快速检测方法
CN111663167A (zh) * 2020-06-16 2020-09-15 合肥工业大学 一种基于bpe技术的金属线制备方法
CN111952322B (zh) * 2020-08-14 2022-06-03 电子科技大学 一种具有周期可调屈曲结构的柔性半导体薄膜及制备方法
CN112216772B (zh) * 2020-09-07 2022-03-08 深圳远芯光路科技有限公司 一种iii族氮化物纳米线柔性发光二极管及其制备方法
CN112816528B (zh) * 2021-02-01 2024-04-09 合肥艾创微电子科技有限公司 一种感知存储集成式仿生触觉纤维及其制备方法
CN113066869B (zh) * 2021-03-16 2021-12-10 扬州国宇电子有限公司 一种快恢复二极管芯片及其制备方法
CN113096749B (zh) * 2021-06-10 2021-11-05 武汉大学深圳研究院 n型共掺杂金刚石半导体材料制备的多尺度耦合仿真方法

Citations (86)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3873359A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-03-25 Western Electric Co Method of depositing a metal on a surface of a substrate
US3873360A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-03-25 Western Electric Co Method of depositing a metal on a surface of a substrate
US3900614A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-08-19 Western Electric Co Method of depositing a metal on a surface of a substrate
US5023139A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-06-11 Research Corporation Technologies, Inc. Nonlinear optical materials
US5512131A (en) * 1993-10-04 1996-04-30 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Formation of microstamped patterns on surfaces and derivative articles
US5537075A (en) * 1993-12-17 1996-07-16 Sony Corporation Semiconductor integrated circuit having isolated supply paths for circuit blocks
US5539214A (en) * 1995-02-06 1996-07-23 Regents Of The University Of California Quantum bridges fabricated by selective etching of superlattice structures
US5607876A (en) * 1991-10-28 1997-03-04 Xerox Corporation Fabrication of quantum confinement semiconductor light-emitting devices
US5726524A (en) * 1996-05-31 1998-03-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Field emission device having nanostructured emitters
US5776748A (en) * 1993-10-04 1998-07-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Method of formation of microstamped patterns on plates for adhesion of cells and other biological materials, devices and uses therefor
US5864823A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-01-26 Virtel Corporation Integrated virtual telecommunication system for E-commerce
US5900160A (en) * 1993-10-04 1999-05-04 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods of etching articles via microcontact printing
US5908692A (en) * 1997-01-23 1999-06-01 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Ordered organic monolayers and methods of preparation thereof
US5916642A (en) * 1995-11-22 1999-06-29 Northwestern University Method of encapsulating a material in a carbon nanotube
US6060121A (en) * 1996-03-15 2000-05-09 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Microcontact printing of catalytic colloids
US6180239B1 (en) * 1993-10-04 2001-01-30 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Microcontact printing on surfaces and derivative articles
US6187165B1 (en) * 1997-10-02 2001-02-13 The John Hopkins University Arrays of semi-metallic bismuth nanowires and fabrication techniques therefor
US6190634B1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2001-02-20 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Carbide nanomaterials
US6231744B1 (en) * 1997-04-24 2001-05-15 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Process for fabricating an array of nanowires
US6270074B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2001-08-07 Hewlett-Packard Company Print media vacuum holddown
US6278231B1 (en) * 1998-03-27 2001-08-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Nanostructure, electron emitting device, carbon nanotube device, and method of producing the same
US6287765B1 (en) * 1998-05-20 2001-09-11 Molecular Machines, Inc. Methods for detecting and identifying single molecules
US6286226B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2001-09-11 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Tactile sensor comprising nanowires and method for making the same
US6340822B1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2002-01-22 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Article comprising vertically nano-interconnected circuit devices and method for making the same
US20020013031A1 (en) * 1999-02-09 2002-01-31 Kuen-Jian Chen Method of improving the reliability of gate oxide layer
US6355198B1 (en) * 1996-03-15 2002-03-12 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Method of forming articles including waveguides via capillary micromolding and microtransfer molding
US20020040805A1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2002-04-11 Swager Timothy M. Insulated nanoscopic pathways, compositions and devices of the same
US20020055239A1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2002-05-09 Mark Tuominen Nanocylinder arrays
US20020086335A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 2002-07-04 Meso Scale Technology Llp Graphitic nanotubes in luminescence assays
US20020084502A1 (en) * 2000-12-29 2002-07-04 Jin Jang Carbon nanotip and fabricating method thereof
US6437329B1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2002-08-20 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Use of carbon nanotubes as chemical sensors by incorporation of fluorescent molecules within the tube
US20020112814A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2002-08-22 Hafner Jason H. Fabrication of nanotube microscopy tips
US20020117659A1 (en) * 2000-12-11 2002-08-29 Lieber Charles M. Nanosensors
US20020122766A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-09-05 Lieber Charles M. Direct growth of nanotubes, and their use in nanotweezers
US20020130353A1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2002-09-19 Lieber Charles M. Nanoscopic wire-based devices, arrays, and methods of their manufacture
US20030003300A1 (en) * 2001-07-02 2003-01-02 Korgel Brian A. Light-emitting nanoparticles and method of making same
US20030001091A1 (en) * 2000-11-26 2003-01-02 Yoshikazu Nakayama Conductive probe for scanning microscope and machining method using the same
US6503375B1 (en) * 2000-02-11 2003-01-07 Applied Materials, Inc Electroplating apparatus using a perforated phosphorus doped consumable anode
US20030032892A1 (en) * 2001-04-25 2003-02-13 Erlach Julian Van Nanodevices, microdevices and sensors on in-vivo structures and method for the same
US20030048619A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2003-03-13 Kaler Eric W. Dielectrophoretic assembling of electrically functional microwires
US6538367B1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2003-03-25 Agere Systems Inc. Field emitting device comprising field-concentrating nanoconductor assembly and method for making the same
US20030073071A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Jurgen Fritz Solid state sensing system and method for measuring the binding or hybridization of biomolecules
US6559468B1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2003-05-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company Lp Molecular wire transistor (MWT)
US20030089899A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2003-05-15 Lieber Charles M. Nanoscale wires and related devices
US20030098488A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-29 O'keeffe James Band-structure modulation of nano-structures in an electric field
US20030113713A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-06-19 Meso Scale Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for conducting multiple measurements on a sample
US20030113940A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2003-06-19 Erlanger Bernard F. Antibodies specific for nanotubes and related methods and compositions
US6586095B2 (en) * 2001-01-12 2003-07-01 Georgia Tech Research Corp. Semiconducting oxide nanostructures
US20030121764A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowire optoelectric switching device and method
US20030124509A1 (en) * 1999-06-03 2003-07-03 Kenis Paul J.A. Laminar flow patterning and articles made thereby
US20030124717A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2003-07-03 Yuji Awano Method of manufacturing carbon cylindrical structures and biopolymer detection device
US20030134433A1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-17 Nanomix, Inc. Electronic sensing of chemical and biological agents using functionalized nanostructures
US20030134267A1 (en) * 2001-08-14 2003-07-17 Kang Seong-Ho Sensor for detecting biomolecule using carbon nanotubes
US20030135971A1 (en) * 1997-11-12 2003-07-24 Michael Liberman Bundle draw based processing of nanofibers and method of making
US20030156992A1 (en) * 2000-05-25 2003-08-21 Anderson Janelle R. Microfluidic systems including three-dimensionally arrayed channel networks
US6628053B1 (en) * 1997-10-30 2003-09-30 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Carbon nanotube device, manufacturing method of carbon nanotube device, and electron emitting device
US20040005723A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-01-08 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of making, positioning and orienting nanostructures, nanostructure arrays and nanostructure devices
US20040026684A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-02-12 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire heterostructures for encoding information
US20040067530A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2004-04-08 The Regents Of The University Of California Electronic sensing of biomolecular processes
US20040095658A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-05-20 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US6741019B1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2004-05-25 Agere Systems, Inc. Article comprising aligned nanowires
US20040106203A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-06-03 James Stasiak Free-standing nanowire sensor and method for detecting an analyte in a fluid
US20040113139A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-06-17 Dehon Andre Sublithographic nanoscale memory architecture
US20040112964A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-06-17 Nanosys, Inc. Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US20040118448A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-06-24 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US6756025B2 (en) * 1996-08-08 2004-06-29 William Marsh Rice University Method for growing single-wall carbon nanotubes utilizing seed molecules
US6756795B2 (en) * 2001-01-19 2004-06-29 California Institute Of Technology Carbon nanobimorph actuator and sensor
US6762056B1 (en) * 1997-11-12 2004-07-13 Protiveris, Inc. Rapid method for determining potential binding sites of a protein
US20040136866A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-07-15 Nanosys, Inc. Planar nanowire based sensor elements, devices, systems and methods for using and making same
US20040146560A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-07-29 Nanosys, Inc. Oriented nanostructures and methods of preparing
US20040157414A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2004-08-12 Gole James L. Silicon based nanospheres and nanowires
US20050037374A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2005-02-17 Melker Richard J. Combined nanotechnology and sensor technologies for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment
US20050064731A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2005-03-24 Hongkun Park Transition metal oxide nanowires
US20050064185A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-03-24 Nanosys, Inc. System and process for producing nanowire composites and electronic substrates therefrom
US20050066883A1 (en) * 2003-09-25 2005-03-31 Nanosys, Inc. Methods, devices and compositions for depositing and orienting nanostructures
US20050072213A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2005-04-07 Isabelle Besnard Use of id semiconductor materials as chemical sensing materials, produced and operated close to room temperature
US20050079659A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-04-14 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20050079533A1 (en) * 1997-08-21 2005-04-14 Samuelson Lynne A. Enzymatic template polymerization
US6882051B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2005-04-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowires, nanostructures and devices fabricated therefrom
US20050101026A1 (en) * 2001-09-15 2005-05-12 Sailor Michael J. Photoluminescent polymetalloles as chemical sensors
US20050100960A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2005-05-12 Hongjie Dai Noncovalent sidewall functionalization of carbon nanotubes
US20050109989A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2005-05-26 Nanosys, Inc. Organic species that facilitate charge transfer to or from nanostructures
US6902720B2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2005-06-07 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Cyclic peptide structures for molecular scale electronic and photonic devices
US20050181587A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-08-18 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20060008942A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for harvesting and integrating nanowires
US20060019472A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2006-01-26 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting

Family Cites Families (141)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3444100A (en) * 1963-10-30 1969-05-13 Trancoa Chem Corp Radiation resistant semiconductor grade silicon containing a metal oxide
US4190631A (en) * 1978-09-21 1980-02-26 Western Electric Company, Incorporated Double crucible crystal growing apparatus
JPS6194042A (ja) 1984-10-16 1986-05-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 分子構築体およびその製造方法
US4939556A (en) 1986-07-10 1990-07-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Conductor device
CA1336110C (en) * 1989-02-03 1995-06-27 Robert Gregory Swisher Polymeric-containing compositions with improved oxidative stability
US5089545A (en) 1989-02-12 1992-02-18 Biotech International, Inc. Switching and memory elements from polyamino acids and the method of their assembly
JPH05501928A (ja) 1989-10-18 1993-04-08 リサーチ　コーポレーション　テクノロジーズ　インコーポレーテッド 被覆した粒子及び粒子の被覆の方法
US5196212A (en) * 1990-05-08 1993-03-23 Knoblach Gerald M Electric alignment of fibers for the manufacture of composite materials
US5225366A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-07-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Apparatus for and a method of growing thin films of elemental semiconductors
US5332910A (en) 1991-03-22 1994-07-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Semiconductor optical device with nanowhiskers
US5274602A (en) 1991-10-22 1993-12-28 Florida Atlantic University Large capacity solid-state memory
DE69231398T2 (de) * 1991-11-22 2001-02-22 Canon Kk Photoelektrischer Wandler und Steuerverfahren dafür
JP2697474B2 (ja) * 1992-04-30 1998-01-14 松下電器産業株式会社 微細構造の製造方法
US5475341A (en) 1992-06-01 1995-12-12 Yale University Sub-nanoscale electronic systems and devices
US5252835A (en) 1992-07-17 1993-10-12 President And Trustees Of Harvard College Machining oxide thin-films with an atomic force microscope: pattern and object formation on the nanometer scale
US5453970A (en) 1993-07-13 1995-09-26 Rust; Thomas F. Molecular memory medium and molecular memory disk drive for storing information using a tunnelling probe
WO1995002709A2 (en) 1993-07-15 1995-01-26 President And Fellows Of Harvard College EXTENDED NITRIDE MATERIAL COMPRISING β-C3N¿4?
IT1271141B (it) * 1993-07-29 1997-05-27 Promox S R L Procedimento per la potabilizzazione delle acque destinate al consumo umano
US5962863A (en) * 1993-09-09 1999-10-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Laterally disposed nanostructures of silicon on an insulating substrate
US5936703A (en) * 1993-10-13 1999-08-10 Nof Corporation Alkoxysilane compound, surface processing solution and contact lens
EP0659911A1 (de) 1993-12-23 1995-06-28 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren zur Herstellung eines polykristallinen Filmes auf einem Substrat
CN1040043C (zh) 1994-04-29 1998-09-30 武汉大学 纳米级超微传感器及其制作方法
JP3332130B2 (ja) * 1994-05-16 2002-10-07 シャープ株式会社 画像表示装置
US5620850A (en) 1994-09-26 1997-04-15 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Molecular recognition at surfaces derivatized with self-assembled monolayers
WO1996014206A1 (en) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-17 Spectra Science Corporation Semiconductor nanocrystal display materials and display apparatus employing same
US5581091A (en) * 1994-12-01 1996-12-03 Moskovits; Martin Nanoelectric devices
US5449627A (en) 1994-12-14 1995-09-12 United Microelectronics Corporation Lateral bipolar transistor and FET compatible process for making it
US5524092A (en) * 1995-02-17 1996-06-04 Park; Jea K. Multilayered ferroelectric-semiconductor memory-device
EP0812434B1 (de) 1995-03-01 2013-09-18 President and Fellows of Harvard College Oberflächenstrukturierung mittels mikrokontaktdruckverfahren, sowie damit erzeugte artikel
US6066448A (en) 1995-03-10 2000-05-23 Meso Sclae Technologies, Llc. Multi-array, multi-specific electrochemiluminescence testing
US5747180A (en) 1995-05-19 1998-05-05 University Of Notre Dame Du Lac Electrochemical synthesis of quasi-periodic quantum dot and nanostructure arrays
US5824470A (en) 1995-05-30 1998-10-20 California Institute Of Technology Method of preparing probes for sensing and manipulating microscopic environments and structures
JP2953996B2 (ja) * 1995-05-31 1999-09-27 日本電気株式会社 金属被覆カーボンナノチューブおよびその製造方法
US5751156A (en) 1995-06-07 1998-05-12 Yale University Mechanically controllable break transducer
US5757038A (en) 1995-11-06 1998-05-26 International Business Machines Corporation Self-aligned dual gate MOSFET with an ultranarrow channel
JP3469392B2 (ja) * 1995-11-22 2003-11-25 富士ゼロックス株式会社 再生可能な画像記録体
US6445006B1 (en) * 1995-12-20 2002-09-03 Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. Microelectronic and microelectromechanical devices comprising carbon nanotube components, and methods of making same
US6538262B1 (en) * 1996-02-02 2003-03-25 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanotube junctions
US5897945A (en) * 1996-02-26 1999-04-27 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Metal oxide nanorods
US6036774A (en) 1996-02-26 2000-03-14 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Method of producing metal oxide nanorods
KR100469868B1 (ko) 1996-03-06 2005-07-08 하이페리온 커탤리시스 인터내셔널 인코포레이티드 작용화된나노튜브
DE19610115C2 (de) 1996-03-14 2000-11-23 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Detektion von Molekülen und Molekülkomplexen
AU723909B2 (en) 1996-03-15 2000-09-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Method of forming articles and patterning surfaces via capillary micromolding
US5640343A (en) 1996-03-18 1997-06-17 International Business Machines Corporation Magnetic memory array using magnetic tunnel junction devices in the memory cells
RU2099808C1 (ru) * 1996-04-01 1997-12-20 Евгений Инвиевич Гиваргизов Способ выращивания ориентированных систем нитевидных кристаллов и устройство для его осуществления (варианты)
US5942443A (en) 1996-06-28 1999-08-24 Caliper Technologies Corporation High throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices
US6187214B1 (en) * 1996-05-13 2001-02-13 Universidad De Seville Method and device for production of components for microfabrication
JPH10106960A (ja) * 1996-09-25 1998-04-24 Sony Corp 量子細線の製造方法
IL119719A0 (en) * 1996-11-29 1997-02-18 Yeda Res & Dev Inorganic fullerene-like structures of metal chalcogenides
US6038060A (en) 1997-01-16 2000-03-14 Crowley; Robert Joseph Optical antenna array for harmonic generation, mixing and signal amplification
US5997832A (en) * 1997-03-07 1999-12-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Preparation of carbide nanorods
US6683783B1 (en) * 1997-03-07 2004-01-27 William Marsh Rice University Carbon fibers formed from single-wall carbon nanotubes
DE69830847T2 (de) 1997-03-07 2006-01-12 William Marsh Rice University, Houston Kohlenstofffasern ausgehend von einwandigen kohlenstoffnanoröhren
JP3183845B2 (ja) 1997-03-21 2001-07-09 財団法人ファインセラミックスセンター カーボンナノチューブ及びカーボンナノチューブ膜の製造方法
US5847565A (en) 1997-03-31 1998-12-08 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Logic device
US6069380A (en) 1997-07-25 2000-05-30 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Single-electron floating-gate MOS memory
US5903010A (en) 1997-10-29 1999-05-11 Hewlett-Packard Company Quantum wire switch and switching method
US6004444A (en) 1997-11-05 1999-12-21 The Trustees Of Princeton University Biomimetic pathways for assembling inorganic thin films and oriented mesoscopic silicate patterns through guided growth
US6123819A (en) 1997-11-12 2000-09-26 Protiveris, Inc. Nanoelectrode arrays
US6207392B1 (en) 1997-11-25 2001-03-27 The Regents Of The University Of California Semiconductor nanocrystal probes for biological applications and process for making and using such probes
JP2000041320A (ja) 1998-05-20 2000-02-08 Yazaki Corp グロメット
EP0962773A1 (de) 1998-06-03 1999-12-08 Mark Howard Jones Prüfverfahren, Vorrichtung und Markierungsmittel basierend auf Elektrochemie
US6159742A (en) 1998-06-05 2000-12-12 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanometer-scale microscopy probes
US6203864B1 (en) 1998-06-08 2001-03-20 Nec Corporation Method of forming a heterojunction of a carbon nanotube and a different material, method of working a filament of a nanotube
US6346189B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2002-02-12 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Carbon nanotube structures made using catalyst islands
US7416699B2 (en) 1998-08-14 2008-08-26 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Carbon nanotube devices
DE69941294D1 (de) 1998-09-18 2009-10-01 Univ Rice William M Chemische derivatisierung von einwandigen kohlenstoffnanoröhren um ihre solvatation zu erleichtern und verwendung derivatisierter nanoröhren
ATE389030T1 (de) 1998-09-24 2008-03-15 Univ Indiana Res & Tech Corp Wasserlösliche lumineszente quantum-dots sowie deren biokonjugate
JP2002526354A (ja) 1998-09-28 2002-08-20 ザイデックス コーポレイション Ｍｅｍｓデバイスの機能的要素としてのカーボンナノチューブを製造するための方法
DE19849196A1 (de) * 1998-10-26 2000-04-27 Degussa Verfahren zur Neutralisation und Minderung von Resthalogengehalten in Alkoxysilanen oder Alkoxysilan-basierenden Zusammensetzungen
US6705152B2 (en) 2000-10-24 2004-03-16 Nanoproducts Corporation Nanostructured ceramic platform for micromachined devices and device arrays
US6468657B1 (en) 1998-12-04 2002-10-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Controllable ion-exchange membranes
JP3754568B2 (ja) 1999-01-29 2006-03-15 シャープ株式会社 量子細線の製造方法
US6624420B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2003-09-23 University Of Central Florida Lutetium yttrium orthosilicate single crystal scintillator detector
US6143184A (en) 1999-03-02 2000-11-07 United States Filter Corporation Air and water purification using continuous breakpoint halogenation
US6149819A (en) 1999-03-02 2000-11-21 United States Filter Corporation Air and water purification using continuous breakpoint halogenation and peroxygenation
US6256767B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2001-07-03 Hewlett-Packard Company Demultiplexer for a molecular wire crossbar network (MWCN DEMUX)
US6459095B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2002-10-01 Hewlett-Packard Company Chemically synthesized and assembled electronics devices
US6128214A (en) 1999-03-29 2000-10-03 Hewlett-Packard Molecular wire crossbar memory
US6314019B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2001-11-06 Hewlett-Packard Company Molecular-wire crossbar interconnect (MWCI) for signal routing and communications
US7112315B2 (en) 1999-04-14 2006-09-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular nanowires from single walled carbon nanotubes
AUPP976499A0 (en) 1999-04-16 1999-05-06 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Multilayer carbon nanotube films
US6313015B1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2001-11-06 City University Of Hong Kong Growth method for silicon nanowires and nanoparticle chains from silicon monoxide
US6361861B2 (en) * 1999-06-14 2002-03-26 Battelle Memorial Institute Carbon nanotubes on a substrate
AU6203400A (en) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-31 Penn State Research Foundation, The Electrofluidic assembly of devices and components for micro- and nano-scale integration
US6322713B1 (en) 1999-07-15 2001-11-27 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Nanoscale conductive connectors and method for making same
US6465132B1 (en) 1999-07-22 2002-10-15 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Article comprising small diameter nanowires and method for making the same
US6974706B1 (en) 2003-01-16 2005-12-13 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Application of biosensors for diagnosis and treatment of disease
US6248674B1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2001-06-19 Hewlett-Packard Company Method of aligning nanowires
US7335603B2 (en) * 2000-02-07 2008-02-26 Vladimir Mancevski System and method for fabricating logic devices comprising carbon nanotube transistors
US6294450B1 (en) 2000-03-01 2001-09-25 Hewlett-Packard Company Nanoscale patterning for the formation of extensive wires
JP4089122B2 (ja) 2000-03-31 2008-05-28 株式会社リコー 接触型帯電器の製造方法、該方法によって得られる接触型帯電器、帯電方法および画像記録装置
US6479028B1 (en) 2000-04-03 2002-11-12 The Regents Of The University Of California Rapid synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon encapsulated metal nanoparticles by a displacement reaction
US6440637B1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-08-27 The Aerospace Corporation Electron beam lithography method forming nanocrystal shadowmasks and nanometer etch masks
EP1170799A3 (de) 2000-07-04 2009-04-01 Infineon Technologies AG Elektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines elektronischen Bauelements
US6468677B1 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-10-22 Premark Rwp Holdings Inc. Electroluminescent high pressure laminate
WO2003005450A2 (en) 2001-05-18 2003-01-16 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires and related devices
US20060175601A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2006-08-10 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires and related devices
EP2360298A3 (de) 2000-08-22 2011-10-05 President and Fellows of Harvard College Verfahren zur Abscheidung eines halbleitenden Nanodrahtes
AU2002211807A1 (en) 2000-09-11 2002-03-26 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Direct haplotyping using carbon nanotube probes
KR20030059187A (ko) 2000-10-10 2003-07-07 바이오포스 나노사이언스, 인크. 나노미터 크기 검측용 감지기
WO2002048768A2 (en) * 2000-12-12 2002-06-20 Corning Incorporated Optical fiber with very high negative dispersion slope
WO2002079514A1 (en) 2001-01-10 2002-10-10 The Trustees Of Boston College Dna-bridged carbon nanotube arrays
JP2004527905A (ja) 2001-03-14 2004-09-09 ユニバーシティー オブ マサチューセッツ ナノ製造
US6803840B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2004-10-12 California Institute Of Technology Pattern-aligned carbon nanotube growth and tunable resonator apparatus
US7459312B2 (en) 2001-04-18 2008-12-02 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Photodesorption in carbon nanotubes
US7132275B2 (en) 2001-05-14 2006-11-07 The John Hopkins University Multifunctional magnetic nanowires
WO2003054931A1 (en) 2001-12-12 2003-07-03 Jorma Virtanen Method and apparatus for nano-sensing
WO2003063208A2 (en) 2002-01-18 2003-07-31 California Institute Of Technology Array-based architecture for molecular electronics
CN1444259A (zh) 2002-03-12 2003-09-24 株式会社东芝 半导体器件的制造方法
US20030189202A1 (en) 2002-04-05 2003-10-09 Jun Li Nanowire devices and methods of fabrication
US7335908B2 (en) 2002-07-08 2008-02-26 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
AU2003261205A1 (en) 2002-07-19 2004-02-09 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale coherent optical components
EP2194026A1 (de) 2002-09-30 2010-06-09 Nanosys, Inc. Nano-bereite grossflächige makroelektronische Substraten und Verwendung davon
JP4669784B2 (ja) 2002-09-30 2011-04-13 ナノシス・インコーポレイテッド ナノワイヤトランジスタを用いる集積ディスプレイ
WO2004034025A2 (en) 2002-10-10 2004-04-22 Nanosys, Inc. Nano-chem-fet based biosensors
US6815706B2 (en) 2002-12-17 2004-11-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Nano optical sensors via molecular self-assembly
US20040191517A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-30 Industrial Technology Research Institute Self-assembling nanowires
US7274208B2 (en) * 2003-06-02 2007-09-25 California Institute Of Technology Nanoscale wire-based sublithographic programmable logic arrays
US20050253137A1 (en) 2003-11-20 2005-11-17 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale arrays, robust nanostructures, and related devices
US7662706B2 (en) * 2003-11-26 2010-02-16 Qunano Ab Nanostructures formed of branched nanowhiskers and methods of producing the same
WO2005093831A1 (en) 2004-02-13 2005-10-06 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanostructures containing metal-semiconductor compounds
US20090227107A9 (en) * 2004-02-13 2009-09-10 President And Fellows Of Havard College Nanostructures Containing Metal Semiconductor Compounds
EP1723676A4 (de) 2004-03-10 2009-04-15 Nanosys Inc Speicherbausteine mit nano-fähigkeit und anisotrope ladungsträger-arrays
US7595528B2 (en) 2004-03-10 2009-09-29 Nanosys, Inc. Nano-enabled memory devices and anisotropic charge carrying arrays
US20050202615A1 (en) 2004-03-10 2005-09-15 Nanosys, Inc. Nano-enabled memory devices and anisotropic charge carrying arrays
EP1738378A4 (de) 2004-03-18 2010-05-05 Nanosys Inc Auf nanofaseroberflächen basierende kondensatoren
US7115971B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2006-10-03 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire varactor diode and methods of making same
WO2005114282A2 (en) 2004-05-13 2005-12-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowires and nanoribbons as subwavelength optical waveguides and their use as components in photonic circuits and devices
US7129154B2 (en) 2004-05-28 2006-10-31 Agilent Technologies, Inc Method of growing semiconductor nanowires with uniform cross-sectional area using chemical vapor deposition
CA2567930A1 (en) 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Nanosys, Inc. Methods and devices for forming nanostructure monolayers and devices including such monolayers
US8072005B2 (en) * 2005-02-04 2011-12-06 Brown University Research Foundation Apparatus, method and computer program product providing radial addressing of nanowires
US20070048482A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2007-03-01 Kadlec Gary F Disposable protective sheeting for decks and floors
US20060269927A1 (en) 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 Lieber Charles M Nanoscale sensors
WO2006132659A2 (en) 2005-06-06 2006-12-14 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanowire heterostructures
US7481930B2 (en) * 2005-07-29 2009-01-27 Rg Delaware, Inc. Filter having a filter layer that forms a protective barrier to prevent clogging of a gravel-less underdrain and method of making the same
JP2009540798A (ja) 2006-03-15 2009-11-26 プレジデント アンド フェロウズ オブ ハーバード カレッジ ナノバイオエレクトロニクス
WO2007145701A2 (en) 2006-04-07 2007-12-21 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wire methods and devices
US8058640B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2011-11-15 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Branched nanoscale wires
WO2008123869A2 (en) 2006-11-21 2008-10-16 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Millimeter-long nanowires
WO2008127314A1 (en) 2006-11-22 2008-10-23 President And Fellows Of Harvard College High-sensitivity nanoscale wire sensors

Patent Citations (98)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3873360A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-03-25 Western Electric Co Method of depositing a metal on a surface of a substrate
US3900614A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-08-19 Western Electric Co Method of depositing a metal on a surface of a substrate
US3873359A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-03-25 Western Electric Co Method of depositing a metal on a surface of a substrate
US5023139A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-06-11 Research Corporation Technologies, Inc. Nonlinear optical materials
US5607876A (en) * 1991-10-28 1997-03-04 Xerox Corporation Fabrication of quantum confinement semiconductor light-emitting devices
US5776748A (en) * 1993-10-04 1998-07-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Method of formation of microstamped patterns on plates for adhesion of cells and other biological materials, devices and uses therefor
US6180239B1 (en) * 1993-10-04 2001-01-30 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Microcontact printing on surfaces and derivative articles
US5900160A (en) * 1993-10-04 1999-05-04 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods of etching articles via microcontact printing
US5512131A (en) * 1993-10-04 1996-04-30 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Formation of microstamped patterns on surfaces and derivative articles
US5537075A (en) * 1993-12-17 1996-07-16 Sony Corporation Semiconductor integrated circuit having isolated supply paths for circuit blocks
US20020086335A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 2002-07-04 Meso Scale Technology Llp Graphitic nanotubes in luminescence assays
US5539214A (en) * 1995-02-06 1996-07-23 Regents Of The University Of California Quantum bridges fabricated by selective etching of superlattice structures
US6190634B1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2001-02-20 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Carbide nanomaterials
US5916642A (en) * 1995-11-22 1999-06-29 Northwestern University Method of encapsulating a material in a carbon nanotube
US6355198B1 (en) * 1996-03-15 2002-03-12 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Method of forming articles including waveguides via capillary micromolding and microtransfer molding
US6060121A (en) * 1996-03-15 2000-05-09 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Microcontact printing of catalytic colloids
US5726524A (en) * 1996-05-31 1998-03-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Field emission device having nanostructured emitters
US6756025B2 (en) * 1996-08-08 2004-06-29 William Marsh Rice University Method for growing single-wall carbon nanotubes utilizing seed molecules
US5908692A (en) * 1997-01-23 1999-06-01 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Ordered organic monolayers and methods of preparation thereof
US6231744B1 (en) * 1997-04-24 2001-05-15 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Process for fabricating an array of nanowires
US6359288B1 (en) * 1997-04-24 2002-03-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Nanowire arrays
US5864823A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-01-26 Virtel Corporation Integrated virtual telecommunication system for E-commerce
US20050079533A1 (en) * 1997-08-21 2005-04-14 Samuelson Lynne A. Enzymatic template polymerization
US6187165B1 (en) * 1997-10-02 2001-02-13 The John Hopkins University Arrays of semi-metallic bismuth nanowires and fabrication techniques therefor
US6628053B1 (en) * 1997-10-30 2003-09-30 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Carbon nanotube device, manufacturing method of carbon nanotube device, and electron emitting device
US6762056B1 (en) * 1997-11-12 2004-07-13 Protiveris, Inc. Rapid method for determining potential binding sites of a protein
US20030135971A1 (en) * 1997-11-12 2003-07-24 Michael Liberman Bundle draw based processing of nanofibers and method of making
US6278231B1 (en) * 1998-03-27 2001-08-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Nanostructure, electron emitting device, carbon nanotube device, and method of producing the same
US6287765B1 (en) * 1998-05-20 2001-09-11 Molecular Machines, Inc. Methods for detecting and identifying single molecules
US20020013031A1 (en) * 1999-02-09 2002-01-31 Kuen-Jian Chen Method of improving the reliability of gate oxide layer
US6559468B1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2003-05-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company Lp Molecular wire transistor (MWT)
US6270074B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2001-08-07 Hewlett-Packard Company Print media vacuum holddown
US20030124509A1 (en) * 1999-06-03 2003-07-03 Kenis Paul J.A. Laminar flow patterning and articles made thereby
US20020130353A1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2002-09-19 Lieber Charles M. Nanoscopic wire-based devices, arrays, and methods of their manufacture
US6781166B2 (en) * 1999-07-02 2004-08-24 President & Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscopic wire-based devices and arrays
US6538367B1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2003-03-25 Agere Systems Inc. Field emitting device comprising field-concentrating nanoconductor assembly and method for making the same
US6286226B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2001-09-11 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Tactile sensor comprising nanowires and method for making the same
US6340822B1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2002-01-22 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Article comprising vertically nano-interconnected circuit devices and method for making the same
US6741019B1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2004-05-25 Agere Systems, Inc. Article comprising aligned nanowires
US6437329B1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2002-08-20 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Use of carbon nanotubes as chemical sensors by incorporation of fluorescent molecules within the tube
US20050037374A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2005-02-17 Melker Richard J. Combined nanotechnology and sensor technologies for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment
US20020040805A1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2002-04-11 Swager Timothy M. Insulated nanoscopic pathways, compositions and devices of the same
US6503375B1 (en) * 2000-02-11 2003-01-07 Applied Materials, Inc Electroplating apparatus using a perforated phosphorus doped consumable anode
US20020055239A1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2002-05-09 Mark Tuominen Nanocylinder arrays
US20040157414A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2004-08-12 Gole James L. Silicon based nanospheres and nanowires
US20030156992A1 (en) * 2000-05-25 2003-08-21 Anderson Janelle R. Microfluidic systems including three-dimensionally arrayed channel networks
US20030089899A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2003-05-15 Lieber Charles M. Nanoscale wires and related devices
US20020112814A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2002-08-22 Hafner Jason H. Fabrication of nanotube microscopy tips
US6716409B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2004-04-06 President And Fellows Of The Harvard College Fabrication of nanotube microscopy tips
US6743408B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-06-01 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Direct growth of nanotubes, and their use in nanotweezers
US20020122766A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-09-05 Lieber Charles M. Direct growth of nanotubes, and their use in nanotweezers
US20030001091A1 (en) * 2000-11-26 2003-01-02 Yoshikazu Nakayama Conductive probe for scanning microscope and machining method using the same
US20020117659A1 (en) * 2000-12-11 2002-08-29 Lieber Charles M. Nanosensors
US20020084502A1 (en) * 2000-12-29 2002-07-04 Jin Jang Carbon nanotip and fabricating method thereof
US6586095B2 (en) * 2001-01-12 2003-07-01 Georgia Tech Research Corp. Semiconducting oxide nanostructures
US6756795B2 (en) * 2001-01-19 2004-06-29 California Institute Of Technology Carbon nanobimorph actuator and sensor
US20050100960A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2005-05-12 Hongjie Dai Noncovalent sidewall functionalization of carbon nanotubes
US6996147B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2006-02-07 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US20050161662A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2005-07-28 Arun Majumdar Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US6882051B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2005-04-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowires, nanostructures and devices fabricated therefrom
US20030032892A1 (en) * 2001-04-25 2003-02-13 Erlach Julian Van Nanodevices, microdevices and sensors on in-vivo structures and method for the same
US6902720B2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2005-06-07 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Cyclic peptide structures for molecular scale electronic and photonic devices
US20030048619A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2003-03-13 Kaler Eric W. Dielectrophoretic assembling of electrically functional microwires
US20030003300A1 (en) * 2001-07-02 2003-01-02 Korgel Brian A. Light-emitting nanoparticles and method of making same
US6846565B2 (en) * 2001-07-02 2005-01-25 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Light-emitting nanoparticles and method of making same
US20030113940A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2003-06-19 Erlanger Bernard F. Antibodies specific for nanotubes and related methods and compositions
US20050064731A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2005-03-24 Hongkun Park Transition metal oxide nanowires
US20030134267A1 (en) * 2001-08-14 2003-07-17 Kang Seong-Ho Sensor for detecting biomolecule using carbon nanotubes
US20030113713A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-06-19 Meso Scale Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for conducting multiple measurements on a sample
US20050101026A1 (en) * 2001-09-15 2005-05-12 Sailor Michael J. Photoluminescent polymetalloles as chemical sensors
US20030073071A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Jurgen Fritz Solid state sensing system and method for measuring the binding or hybridization of biomolecules
US20050072213A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2005-04-07 Isabelle Besnard Use of id semiconductor materials as chemical sensing materials, produced and operated close to room temperature
US20030124717A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2003-07-03 Yuji Awano Method of manufacturing carbon cylindrical structures and biopolymer detection device
US20030098488A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-29 O'keeffe James Band-structure modulation of nano-structures in an electric field
US6882767B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2005-04-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowire optoelectric switching device and method
US20030121764A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowire optoelectric switching device and method
US20030134433A1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-17 Nanomix, Inc. Electronic sensing of chemical and biological agents using functionalized nanostructures
US20040026684A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-02-12 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire heterostructures for encoding information
US20040005723A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-01-08 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of making, positioning and orienting nanostructures, nanostructure arrays and nanostructure devices
US6872645B2 (en) * 2002-04-02 2005-03-29 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures
US20040067530A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2004-04-08 The Regents Of The University Of California Electronic sensing of biomolecular processes
US20040136866A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-07-15 Nanosys, Inc. Planar nanowire based sensor elements, devices, systems and methods for using and making same
US20040113138A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-06-17 Dehon Andre Stochastic assembly of sublithographic nanoscale interfaces
US20040113139A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-06-17 Dehon Andre Sublithographic nanoscale memory architecture
US20050109989A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2005-05-26 Nanosys, Inc. Organic species that facilitate charge transfer to or from nanostructures
US20040118448A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-06-24 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US20040146560A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-07-29 Nanosys, Inc. Oriented nanostructures and methods of preparing
US20040095658A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-05-20 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US20050110064A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-05-26 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20040112964A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-06-17 Nanosys, Inc. Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US20050079659A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-04-14 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20050181587A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-08-18 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20040106203A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-06-03 James Stasiak Free-standing nanowire sensor and method for detecting an analyte in a fluid
US20050064185A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-03-24 Nanosys, Inc. System and process for producing nanowire composites and electronic substrates therefrom
US20050066883A1 (en) * 2003-09-25 2005-03-31 Nanosys, Inc. Methods, devices and compositions for depositing and orienting nanostructures
US20060019472A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2006-01-26 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
US20060008942A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for harvesting and integrating nanowires
US20060009003A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for nanowire growth

Cited By (584)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7015546B2 (en) * 2000-02-23 2006-03-21 Semiconductor Research Corporation Deterministically doped field-effect devices and methods of making same
US20040132254A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2004-07-08 Semiconductor Research Corporation Deterministically doped field-effect devices and methods of making same
US7341774B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2008-03-11 The Penn State Research Foundation Electronic and opto-electronic devices fabricated from nanostructured high surface to volume ratio thin films
US20060057354A1 (en) * 2000-05-30 2006-03-16 Penn State Research Foundation Electronic and opto-electronic devices fabricated from nanostructured high surface to volume ratio thin films
US6855603B2 (en) * 2000-06-27 2005-02-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof
US20030227015A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2003-12-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof
US20030230760A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2003-12-18 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof
US20030230782A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2003-12-18 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof
US6833567B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2004-12-21 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof
US6815294B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2004-11-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof
US6566704B2 (en) * 2000-06-27 2003-05-20 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof
US20030089899A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2003-05-15 Lieber Charles M. Nanoscale wires and related devices
US8153470B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2012-04-10 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US7915151B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2011-03-29 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
US7666708B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2010-02-23 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US7102171B2 (en) * 2000-08-30 2006-09-05 Japan Science And Technology Corporation Magnetic semiconductor material and method for preparation thereof
US20040014244A1 (en) * 2000-08-30 2004-01-22 Katsuaki Sato Magnetic semiconductor material and method for preparation thereof
US7129554B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2006-10-31 President & Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors
US7956427B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2011-06-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors
US8399339B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2013-03-19 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors
US7256466B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2007-08-14 President & Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors
US7911009B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2011-03-22 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors
US7834264B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2010-11-16 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US7569941B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2009-08-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US20100003516A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2010-01-07 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US20070164270A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2007-07-19 Arun Majumdar Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US9881999B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2018-01-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US7569847B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2009-08-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US20020172820A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-11-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US6882051B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2005-04-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowires, nanostructures and devices fabricated therefrom
US20050161662A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2005-07-28 Arun Majumdar Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US6996147B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2006-02-07 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
AU2008200507B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2010-04-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
US7259410B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2007-08-21 Nantero, Inc. Devices having horizontally-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20040175856A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-09-09 Nantero, Inc. Devices having vertically-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of marking the same
US7745810B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2010-06-29 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube films and articles
US6924538B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2005-08-02 Nantero, Inc. Devices having vertically-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20050101112A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2005-05-12 Nantero, Inc. Methods of nanotubes films and articles
US7112464B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2006-09-26 Nantero, Inc. Devices having vertically-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20040181630A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-09-16 Nantero, Inc. Devices having horizontally-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20060128049A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2006-06-15 Nantero, Inc. Devices having vertically-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20060116377A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2006-06-01 Eu-Gene Oh Dialkylhydroxybenzoic acid derivatives containing metal chelating groups and their therapeutic uses
US7385262B2 (en) * 2001-11-27 2008-06-10 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Band-structure modulation of nano-structures in an electric field
US20060054982A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2006-03-16 The Regents Of The University Of California, A California Corporation Nanowire optoelectric switching device and method
US6882767B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2005-04-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowire optoelectric switching device and method
US7239769B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2007-07-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanowire optoelectric switching device and method
US7642108B2 (en) 2002-01-28 2010-01-05 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Llc LED including photonic crystal structure
US20080070334A1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2008-03-20 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Llc LED Including Photonic Crystal Structure
US20040027889A1 (en) * 2002-02-25 2004-02-12 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Optically readable molecular memory obtained using carbon nanotubes, and method for storing information in said molecular memory
US7408835B2 (en) * 2002-02-25 2008-08-05 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Optically readable molecular memory obtained using carbon nanotubes, and method for storing information in said molecular memory
US20040023471A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2004-02-05 Adu Kofi Wi Thermal production of nanowires
US20040026684A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-02-12 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire heterostructures for encoding information
US7651944B2 (en) 2002-04-02 2010-01-26 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures
US20050230356A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2005-10-20 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of making, positioning and orienting nanostructures, nanostructure arrays and nanostructure devices
US6962823B2 (en) 2002-04-02 2005-11-08 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of making, positioning and orienting nanostructures, nanostructure arrays and nanostructure devices
US7164209B1 (en) 2002-04-02 2007-01-16 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures
US7422980B1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2008-09-09 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures
US20030186522A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures
US20040005723A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-01-08 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of making, positioning and orienting nanostructures, nanostructure arrays and nanostructure devices
US7151209B2 (en) 2002-04-02 2006-12-19 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of making, positioning and orienting nanostructures, nanostructure arrays and nanostructure devices
US6872645B2 (en) * 2002-04-02 2005-03-29 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures
US20080200028A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2008-08-21 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures
US7335395B2 (en) * 2002-04-23 2008-02-26 Nantero, Inc. Methods of using pre-formed nanotubes to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles
US20040067530A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2004-04-08 The Regents Of The University Of California Electronic sensing of biomolecular processes
US8772626B2 (en) 2002-07-08 2014-07-08 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US8450717B1 (en) 2002-07-08 2013-05-28 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US20040075464A1 (en) * 2002-07-08 2004-04-22 Btg International Limited Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US7682943B2 (en) 2002-07-08 2010-03-23 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US9680039B2 (en) 2002-07-08 2017-06-13 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US7745813B2 (en) 2002-07-08 2010-06-29 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US20080188064A1 (en) * 2002-07-08 2008-08-07 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US20080142784A1 (en) * 2002-07-08 2008-06-19 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US7335908B2 (en) 2002-07-08 2008-02-26 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US20080105296A1 (en) * 2002-07-08 2008-05-08 Qunano Ab Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
US20050126628A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2005-06-16 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US20050150541A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2005-07-14 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US20100139770A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2010-06-10 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US20090010608A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2009-01-08 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US20040095658A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-05-20 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US20040118448A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-06-24 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US8041171B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2011-10-18 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
EP2399970A2 (de) 2002-09-05 2011-12-28 Nanosys, Inc. Nanoverbundwerkstoffe
US7228050B1 (en) 2002-09-05 2007-06-05 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US20070122101A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2007-05-31 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US20050214967A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2005-09-29 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US20080105855A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2008-05-08 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US7603003B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2009-10-13 Nanosys, Inc Nanocomposites
US7087833B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2006-08-08 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US7087832B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2006-08-08 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US20090317044A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2009-12-24 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US7068898B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2006-06-27 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocomposites
US7750235B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2010-07-06 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US6878871B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2005-04-12 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure and nanocomposite based compositions and photovoltaic devices
US20070176824A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-08-02 Nanosys Inc. Phased array systems and methods
US7233041B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-06-19 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7619562B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2009-11-17 Nanosys, Inc. Phased array systems
US20050181587A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-08-18 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7102605B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2006-09-05 Nanosys, Inc. Integrated displays using nanowire transistors
US20070228439A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-10-04 Nanosys, Inc. Large-Area Nanoenabled Macroelectronic Substrates and Uses Therefor
US20110045660A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2011-02-24 Nanosys, Inc. Large-Area Nanoenabled Macroelectronic Substrates and Uses Therefor
US20040112964A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-06-17 Nanosys, Inc. Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US7932511B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2011-04-26 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20050110064A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-05-26 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20060237537A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2006-10-26 Nanosys, Inc. Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US8030186B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2011-10-04 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7427328B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2008-09-23 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7701428B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2010-04-20 Nanosys, Inc. Integrated displays using nanowire transistors
US7262501B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-08-28 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7851841B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2010-12-14 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20050199731A9 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-09-15 Nanosys, Inc. Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US7051945B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2006-05-30 Nanosys, Inc Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US20060169788A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2006-08-03 Nanosys, Inc. Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US20050079659A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-04-14 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7083104B1 (en) 2002-09-30 2006-08-01 Nanosys, Inc. Applications of nano-enabled large area macroelectronic substrates incorporating nanowires and nanowire composites
US20040135951A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-07-15 Dave Stumbo Integrated displays using nanowire transistors
US7135728B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2006-11-14 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20060211183A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2006-09-21 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7064372B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2006-06-20 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7067867B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2006-06-27 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nonenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US8293624B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2012-10-23 Nanosys, Inc. Large area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20100155696A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2010-06-24 Nanosys, Inc. Large-Area Nanoenabled Macroelectronic Substrates and Uses Therefor
US20070120167A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-05-31 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20060256059A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2006-11-16 Nanosys, Inc. Integrated displays using nanowire transistors
US20070012980A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-01-18 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US20060151820A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2006-07-13 Nanosys, Inc. Large-area nanoenabled macroelectronic substrates and uses therefor
US7081293B2 (en) * 2002-10-11 2006-07-25 General Motors Corporation Metallic nanowire and method of making the same
US20050266267A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2005-12-01 Weiner Anita M Metallic nanowire and method of making the same
US7265376B2 (en) 2002-10-31 2007-09-04 Infineon Technologies, Inc. Non-volatile memory cell, memory cell arrangement and method for production of a non-volatile memory cell
US20060011972A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2006-01-19 Andrew Graham Non-volatile memory cell, memory cell arrangement and method for production of a non-volatile memory cell
WO2004040667A1 (de) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-13 Infineon Technologies Ag Nichtflüchtige speicherzelle, speicherzellen-anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen einer nichtflüchtigen speicherzelle
US7211143B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2007-05-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Sacrificial template method of fabricating a nanotube
US7355216B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2008-04-08 The Regents Of The University Of California Fluidic nanotubes and devices
US8093628B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2012-01-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Fluidic nanotubes and devices
US7898005B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2011-03-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Inorganic nanotubes and electro-fluidic devices fabricated therefrom
US20040175844A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-09-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Sacrificial template method of fabricating a nanotube
US20110168968A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2011-07-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Fluidic nanotubes and devices
US20040262636A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-12-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Fluidic nanotubes and devices
US20090283751A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2009-11-19 Peidong Yang Nanotubes and devices fabricated therefrom
WO2004055912A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-07-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Thermoelectric conversion material, thermoelectric conversion device and manufacturing method thereof
WO2004054922A3 (en) * 2002-12-13 2005-04-28 Canon Kk Nanostructure, electronic device and method of manufacturing the same
US20060032526A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2006-02-16 Cannon Kabushiki Kaisha Thermoelectric conversion material, thermoelectric conversion device and manufacturing method thereof
US20060112466A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2006-05-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Nanostructure, electronic device and method of manufacturing the same
WO2004054922A2 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-07-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Nanostructure, electronic device and method of manufacturing the same
US7348670B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2008-03-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Nanostructure, electronic device and method of manufacturing the same
US20040200734A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-10-14 Co Man Sung Nanotube-based sensors for biomolecules
US20040127130A1 (en) * 2002-12-28 2004-07-01 Yi Gyu Chul Magnetic material-nanomaterial heterostructural nanorod
US7535019B1 (en) 2003-02-18 2009-05-19 Nanosolar, Inc. Optoelectronic fiber
US20050041465A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-02-24 Nantero, Inc. Nram bit selectable two-device nanotube array
US20050056877A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-03-17 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-on-gate fet structures and applications
US20050041466A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-02-24 Nantero, Inc. Non-volatile RAM cell and array using nanotube switch position for information state
US7113426B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2006-09-26 Nantero, Inc. Non-volatile RAM cell and array using nanotube switch position for information state
US7075141B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2006-07-11 Nantero, Inc. Four terminal non-volatile transistor device
US20050047244A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-03-03 Nantero, Inc. Four terminal non-volatile transistor device
US7294877B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2007-11-13 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-on-gate FET structures and applications
US6944054B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2005-09-13 Nantero, Inc. NRAM bit selectable two-device nanotube array
US20100035412A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2010-02-11 Qunano Ab Precisely positioned nanowhiskers and nanowhisker arrays and method for preparing them
WO2004088755A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-14 Startskottet 22286 Ab Nanowhiskers with pn junctions and methods of fabricating thereof
US7910492B2 (en) 2003-04-04 2011-03-22 Qunano Ab Nanowhiskers with PN junctions, doped nanowhiskers, and methods for preparing them
US20090014711A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2009-01-15 Qunano Ab Nanowhiskers with PN junctions, doped nanowhiskers, and methods for preparing them
US20110193055A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2011-08-11 Qunano Ab Nanowhiskers with pn junctions, doped nanowhiskers, and methods for preparing them
US7432522B2 (en) 2003-04-04 2008-10-07 Qunano Ab Nanowhiskers with pn junctions, doped nanowhiskers, and methods for preparing them
US8120009B2 (en) 2003-04-04 2012-02-21 Qunano Ab Nanowhiskers with PN junctions, doped nanowhiskers, and methods for preparing them
US8242481B2 (en) 2003-04-04 2012-08-14 Qunano Ab Nanowhiskers with PN junctions, doped nanowhiskers, and methods for preparing them
US20050006673A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2005-01-13 Btg International Limited Nanowhiskers with PN junctions, doped nanowhiskers, and methods for preparing them
US8790462B2 (en) 2003-04-04 2014-07-29 Qunano Ab Precisely positioned nanowhiskers and nanowhisker arrays and method for preparing them
WO2005004197A3 (en) * 2003-04-08 2005-11-10 Univ California Fluidic nanotubes and devices
US20050038498A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2005-02-17 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US7344617B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2008-03-18 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US20040250950A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-12-16 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US20040206448A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-10-21 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US8956637B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2015-02-17 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US7074294B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2006-07-11 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US7972616B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2011-07-05 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US7651769B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2010-01-26 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US7056409B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2006-06-06 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US20050221072A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2005-10-06 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US20070275232A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2007-11-29 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, Systems and Methods for Joining Articles and Materials and Uses Therefor
US20060122596A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2006-06-08 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US20060165952A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2006-07-27 Nanosys, Inc. Structures, systems and methods for joining articles and materials and uses therefor
US20060204738A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2006-09-14 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US20110201984A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2011-08-18 Nanosys, Inc. Medical Device Applications of Nanostructured Surfaces
US6995046B2 (en) 2003-04-22 2006-02-07 Nantero, Inc. Process for making byte erasable devices having elements made with nanotubes
US7045421B2 (en) 2003-04-22 2006-05-16 Nantero, Inc. Process for making bit selectable devices having elements made with nanotubes
US20050059210A1 (en) * 2003-04-22 2005-03-17 Nantero, Inc. Process for making bit selectable devices having elements made with nanotubes
US7985475B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2011-07-26 Nanosys, Inc. Super-hydrophobic surfaces, methods of their construction and uses therefor
US20050181195A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2005-08-18 Nanosys, Inc. Super-hydrophobic surfaces, methods of their construction and uses therefor
US20100285972A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2010-11-11 Nanosys, Inc. Nanofiber surfaces for use in enhanced surface area applications
US7579077B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2009-08-25 Nanosys, Inc. Nanofiber surfaces for use in enhanced surface area applications
US20100140160A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2010-06-10 Nanosys, Inc. Nanofiber surface for use in enhanced surfaces area appications
US7803574B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2010-09-28 Nanosys, Inc. Medical device applications of nanostructured surfaces
US20060159916A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2006-07-20 Nanosys, Inc. Nanofiber surfaces for use in enhanced surface area applications
US7780918B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2010-08-24 Nantero, Inc. Sensor platform using a horizontally oriented nanotube element
US20050065741A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2005-03-24 Nantero, Inc. Sensor platform using a non-horizontally oriented nanotube element
US8310015B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2012-11-13 Nantero Inc. Sensor platform using a horizontally oriented nanotube element
US7385266B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2008-06-10 Nantero, Inc. Sensor platform using a non-horizontally oriented nanotube element
US20060237805A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2006-10-26 Nantero, Inc. Sensor platform using a horizontally oriented nanotube element
US20090169807A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2009-07-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Langmuir-blodgett nanostructure monolayers
US20070238314A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2007-10-11 Nanosys, Inc. System and process for producing nanowire composites and electronic substrates therefrom
US7091120B2 (en) 2003-08-04 2006-08-15 Nanosys, Inc. System and process for producing nanowire composites and electronic substrates therefrom
US7468315B2 (en) 2003-08-04 2008-12-23 Nanosys, Inc. System and process for producing nanowire composites and electronic substrates therefrom
US20050064185A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-03-24 Nanosys, Inc. System and process for producing nanowire composites and electronic substrates therefrom
US7795125B2 (en) 2003-08-04 2010-09-14 Nanosys, Inc. System and process for producing nanowire composites and electronic substrates therefrom
US20100323500A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2010-12-23 Nanosys, Inc. System and Process for Producing Nanowire Composites and Electronic Substrates Therefrom
US20050037547A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-17 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube device structure and methods of fabrication
US20050036365A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-17 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-based switching elements with multiple controls
US20050035786A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-17 Nantero, Inc. Circuits made from nanotube-based switching elements with multiple controls
US7339401B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2008-03-04 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-based switching elements with multiple controls
US20050270824A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-12-08 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-based switching elements with multiple controls
US6990009B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2006-01-24 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-based switching elements with multiple controls
US7782652B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2010-08-24 Nantero, Inc. Volatile nanotube-based switching elements with multiple controls
US7071023B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2006-07-04 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube device structure and methods of fabrication
US20080159943A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2008-07-03 Molecular Nanosystems, Inc. Methods for synthesizing carbon nanotubes
US20050214197A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-09-29 Molecular Nanosystems, Inc. Methods for producing and using catalytic substrates for carbon nanotube growth
WO2005038907A3 (de) * 2003-09-29 2005-07-14 Infineon Technologies Ag Wärmeleitende verpackung von elektronischen schaltungseinheiten
US20070040266A1 (en) * 2003-09-29 2007-02-22 Dusberg Georg S Heat-conducting packaging of electronic circuit units
WO2005038907A2 (de) * 2003-09-29 2005-04-28 Infineon Technologies Ag Wärmeleitende verpackung von elektronischen schaltungseinheiten
US7294862B2 (en) 2003-10-21 2007-11-13 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Llc Photonic crystal light emitting device
US20050082545A1 (en) * 2003-10-21 2005-04-21 Wierer Jonathan J.Jr. Photonic crystal light emitting device
US20060151794A1 (en) * 2003-10-21 2006-07-13 Wierer Jonathan J Jr Photonic crystal light emitting device
US7012279B2 (en) 2003-10-21 2006-03-14 Lumileds Lighting U.S., Llc Photonic crystal light emitting device
WO2005059973A3 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-08-04 Univ Yale Controlled growth of gallium nitride nanostructures
WO2005059973A2 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-30 Yale University Controlled growth of gallium nitride nanostructures
US20070281481A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2007-12-06 Yale University Controlled growth of gallium nitride nanostructures
US20050176249A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-08-11 Lisa Pfefferle Controlled growth of gallium nitride nanostructures
US7258807B2 (en) 2003-12-12 2007-08-21 Yale University Controlled growth of gallium nitride nanostructures
US20070228583A1 (en) * 2003-12-17 2007-10-04 Islam M S Methods of bridging lateral nanowires and device using same
US20080224115A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2008-09-18 Erik Petrus Antonius Maria Bakkers Fabricating a Set of Semiconducting Nanowires, and Electric Device Comprising a Set of Nanowires
US7825032B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2010-11-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Fabricating a set of semiconducting nanowires, and electric device comprising a set of nanowires
US20070120254A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2007-05-31 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.C. Semiconductor device comprising a pn-heterojunction
US20050145596A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-07-07 Metz Matthew V. Method of fabricating multiple nanowires of uniform length from a single catalytic nanoparticle
US20060048703A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-03-09 Metz Matthew V Method of fabricating multiple nanowires of uniform length from a single catalytic nanoparticle
US7018549B2 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-03-28 Intel Corporation Method of fabricating multiple nanowires of uniform length from a single catalytic nanoparticle
WO2005110057A2 (en) * 2004-01-06 2005-11-24 The Regents Of The University Of California Crystallographic alignment of high-density nanowire arrays
WO2005110057A3 (en) * 2004-01-06 2006-04-27 Univ California Crystallographic alignment of high-density nanowire arrays
US20090294908A1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2009-12-03 Peidong Yang Diluted magnetic semiconductor nanowires exhibiting magnetoresistance
WO2005067547A2 (en) * 2004-01-14 2005-07-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Diluted magnetic semiconductor nanowires exhibiting magnetoresistance
US8003497B2 (en) 2004-01-14 2011-08-23 The Regents Of The University Of California Diluted magnetic semiconductor nanowires exhibiting magnetoresistance
WO2005067547A3 (en) * 2004-01-14 2006-05-04 Univ California Diluted magnetic semiconductor nanowires exhibiting magnetoresistance
US20070034833A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2007-02-15 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US7645397B2 (en) 2004-01-15 2010-01-12 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US8749130B2 (en) 2004-01-15 2014-06-10 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US7374807B2 (en) 2004-01-15 2008-05-20 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US8592037B2 (en) 2004-01-15 2013-11-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US20060068154A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2006-03-30 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US8425803B2 (en) 2004-01-15 2013-04-23 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US20100140551A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2010-06-10 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocrystal doped matrixes
US20090121190A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2009-05-14 Nanosys, Inc. Nanocrystal Doped Matrixes
US10279341B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2019-05-07 Oned Material Llc Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production
US20100173070A1 (en) * 2004-02-02 2010-07-08 Nanosys, Inc. Porous Substrates, Articles, Systems and Compositions Comprising Nanofibers and Methods of Their Use and Production
US20070190880A1 (en) * 2004-02-02 2007-08-16 Nanosys, Inc. Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production
US7553371B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2009-06-30 Nanosys, Inc. Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production
US8025960B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2011-09-27 Nanosys, Inc. Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production
US20090143227A1 (en) * 2004-02-02 2009-06-04 Nanosys, Inc. Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production
US7911035B2 (en) 2004-02-06 2011-03-22 Qunano Ab Directionally controlled growth of nanowhiskers
US20080142926A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2008-06-19 Qunano Ab Directionally controlled growth of nanowhiskers
US7354850B2 (en) 2004-02-06 2008-04-08 Qunano Ab Directionally controlled growth of nanowhiskers
US20060019470A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2006-01-26 Btg International Limited Directionally controlled growth of nanowhiskers
US7253431B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2007-08-07 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for solution processed doping of carbon nanotube
US20060038179A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2006-02-23 Ali Afzali-Ardakani Method and apparatus for solution processed doping of carbon nanotube
US7442965B2 (en) 2004-03-19 2008-10-28 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Llc Photonic crystal light emitting device
US20060163606A1 (en) * 2004-03-19 2006-07-27 Wierer Jonathan J Jr Photonic crystal light emitting device
US7675084B2 (en) 2004-03-19 2010-03-09 Philips Lumileds Lighting Co, LLC Photonic crystal light emitting device
US20090045427A1 (en) * 2004-03-19 2009-02-19 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Llc Photonic Crystal Light Emitting Device
US7765690B2 (en) * 2004-03-23 2010-08-03 Ecole Polytechnique Dgar Process for fabricating electronic components and electronic components obtained by this process
US7115971B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2006-10-03 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire varactor diode and methods of making same
US20050212531A1 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Intellectual Property Administration Fluid sensor and methods
EP1730796A1 (de) * 2004-03-23 2006-12-13 Ecole Polytechnique Dgar Verfahren zur herstellung elektronischer komponenten und elektronische komponenten die durch dieses verfahren hergestellt werden
US20070281385A1 (en) * 2004-03-23 2007-12-06 Travis Wade Process For Fabricating Electronic Components And Electronic Components Obtained By This Process
US20050212079A1 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire varactor diode and methods of making same
US7667296B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2010-02-23 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire capacitor and methods of making same
US20080072818A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2008-03-27 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and Methods for Nanowire Growth and Harvesting
US20060019472A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2006-01-26 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
US7666791B2 (en) * 2004-04-30 2010-02-23 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
US7785922B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2010-08-31 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for oriented growth of nanowires on patterned substrates
US20100279513A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2010-11-04 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and Methods for Nanowire Growth and Manufacturing
US7985454B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2011-07-26 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and manufacturing
US20050279274A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-12-22 Chunming Niu Systems and methods for nanowire growth and manufacturing
US7273732B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2007-09-25 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
WO2005119753A3 (en) * 2004-04-30 2006-07-27 Nanosys Inc Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
US20060255481A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2006-11-16 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
US7105428B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2006-09-12 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
WO2005119753A2 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-12-15 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
EP1883101A3 (de) * 2004-06-01 2012-05-30 Nikon Corporation Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrogerätes und Elektrogerät
US8088483B1 (en) 2004-06-08 2012-01-03 Nanosys, Inc. Process for group 10 metal nanostructure synthesis and compositions made using same
US7759996B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2010-07-20 Nantero, Inc. Storage elements using nanotube switching elements
US7288970B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2007-10-30 Nantero, Inc. Integrated nanotube and field effect switching device
US20090115482A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2009-05-07 Bertin Claude L Storage elements using nanotube switching elements
US7265575B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2007-09-04 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube-based logic driver circuits
US7405605B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2008-07-29 Nantero, Inc. Storage elements using nanotube switching elements
US20060061389A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2006-03-23 Nantero, Inc. Integrated nanotube and field effect switching device
US7960260B2 (en) 2004-06-25 2011-06-14 Qunano Ab Formation of nanowhiskers on a substrate of dissimilar material
US20090253250A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2009-10-08 Qunano Ab Formation of nanowhiskers on a substrate of dissimilar material
US8357954B2 (en) 2004-06-25 2013-01-22 Qunano Ab Formation of nanowhiskers on a substrate of dissimilar material
US20060125056A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2006-06-15 Btg International Limited Formation of nanowhiskers on a substrate of dissimilar material
US7528002B2 (en) 2004-06-25 2009-05-05 Qunano Ab Formation of nanowhiskers on a substrate of dissimilar material
US20110215297A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2011-09-08 Qunano Ab Formation of Nanowhiskers on a Substrate of Dissimilar Material
US7339184B2 (en) 2004-07-07 2008-03-04 Nanosys, Inc Systems and methods for harvesting and integrating nanowires
US20060009003A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for nanowire growth
US20060008942A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for harvesting and integrating nanowires
US7344961B2 (en) 2004-07-07 2008-03-18 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for nanowire growth
US7767102B2 (en) 2004-07-07 2010-08-03 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for harvesting and integrating nanowires
US20100261013A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2010-10-14 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for harvesting and integrating nanowires
US20090200641A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2009-08-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same
US7915709B2 (en) * 2004-07-20 2011-03-29 Nxp B.V. Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same
US20060027815A1 (en) * 2004-08-04 2006-02-09 Wierer Jonathan J Jr Photonic crystal light emitting device with multiple lattices
US7442964B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2008-10-28 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Llc Photonic crystal light emitting device with multiple lattices
US8309843B2 (en) * 2004-08-19 2012-11-13 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nanoscale structures
US20070012354A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2007-01-18 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nanoscale structures
US8471238B2 (en) 2004-09-16 2013-06-25 Nantero Inc. Light emitters using nanotubes and methods of making same
US20060084128A1 (en) * 2004-09-22 2006-04-20 Hongye Sun Enzyme assay with nanowire sensor
US20060214156A1 (en) * 2004-10-12 2006-09-28 Nanosys, Inc. Fully integrated organic layered processes for making plastic electronics based on conductive polymers and semiconductor nanowires
US20080128688A1 (en) * 2004-10-12 2008-06-05 Nanosys, Inc. Fully Integrated Organic Layered Processes for Making Plastic Electronics Based on Conductive Polymers and Semiconductor Nanowires
US7345307B2 (en) 2004-10-12 2008-03-18 Nanosys, Inc. Fully integrated organic layered processes for making plastic electronics based on conductive polymers and semiconductor nanowires
US7473943B2 (en) 2004-10-15 2009-01-06 Nanosys, Inc. Gate configuration for nanowire electronic devices
US20060081886A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Nanosys, Inc. Method, system and apparatus for gating configurations and improved contacts in nanowire-based electronic devices
US20100144103A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2010-06-10 Nanosys, Inc. Method, System and Apparatus for Gating Configurations and Improved Contacts in Nanowire-Based Electronic Devices
US7871870B2 (en) 2004-10-15 2011-01-18 Nanosys, Inc. Method of fabricating gate configurations for an improved contacts in nanowire based electronic devices
US7701014B2 (en) 2004-10-15 2010-04-20 Nanosys, Inc. Gating configurations and improved contacts in nanowire-based electronic devices
US20090050974A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2009-02-26 Nanosys, Inc. Method, System and Apparatus for Gating Configurations and Improved Contacts in Nanowire-Based Electronic Devices
US20080009002A1 (en) * 2004-11-09 2008-01-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Analyte Identification Using Electronic Devices
US20060112983A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-06-01 Nanosys, Inc. Photoactive devices and components with enhanced efficiency
US20100001982A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2010-01-07 Nanosys, Inc. Photoactive Devices and Components with Enhanced Efficiency
US20080257407A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2008-10-23 Nanosys, Inc. Photoactive Devices and Components with Enhanced Efficiency
US20080257406A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2008-10-23 Nanosys, Inc. Photoactive Devices and Components with Enhanced Efficiency
US7582534B2 (en) 2004-11-18 2009-09-01 International Business Machines Corporation Chemical doping of nano-components
US20100038628A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2010-02-18 International Business Machines Corporation Chemical doping of nano-components
US7982274B2 (en) 2004-11-18 2011-07-19 International Business Machines Corporation Device comprising doped nano-component
US7405129B2 (en) 2004-11-18 2008-07-29 International Business Machines Corporation Device comprising doped nano-component and method of forming the device
US20080230849A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2008-09-25 International Business Machines Corporation Device comprising doped nano-component and method of forming the device
US20060105523A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Chemical doping of nano-components
US20060105513A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Device comprising doped nano-component and method of forming the device
US7569503B2 (en) * 2004-11-24 2009-08-04 Nanosys, Inc. Contact doping and annealing systems and processes for nanowire thin films
US20060234519A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-10-19 Nanosys, Inc. Contact doping and annealing systems and processes for nanowire thin films
US7560366B1 (en) 2004-12-02 2009-07-14 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire horizontal growth and substrate removal
US8154002B2 (en) 2004-12-06 2012-04-10 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wire-based data storage
USRE46921E1 (en) 2004-12-09 2018-06-26 Oned Material Llc Nanostructured catalyst supports
US8357475B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2013-01-22 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire-based membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells
US8278011B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2012-10-02 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructured catalyst supports
USRE45703E1 (en) 2004-12-09 2015-09-29 Oned Material Llc Nanostructured catalyst supports
US7842432B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2010-11-30 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire structures comprising carbon
USRE48084E1 (en) 2004-12-09 2020-07-07 Oned Material Llc Nanostructured catalyst supports
US7939218B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2011-05-10 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire structures comprising carbon
US8440369B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2013-05-14 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire-based membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells
US20070212538A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2007-09-13 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire structures comprising carbon
US20110229795A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2011-09-22 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire-Based Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Fuel Cells
US7629629B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2009-12-08 Panasonic Corporation Semiconductor nanowire and semiconductor device including the nanowire
US20080224122A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2008-09-18 Tohru Saitoh Semiconductor Nanowire and Semiconductor Device Including the Nanowire
US20060269745A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-11-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Nano wires and method of manufacturing the same
US20060211327A1 (en) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Lee Michael G High density interconnections with nanowiring
US7504014B2 (en) * 2005-03-15 2009-03-17 Fujitsu Limited High density interconnections with nanowiring
US20060207647A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-21 General Electric Company High efficiency inorganic nanorod-enhanced photovoltaic devices
US8703497B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2014-04-22 Applied Biosystems, Llc Nanowire-based system for analysis of nucleic acids
US9587277B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2017-03-07 Applied Biosystems, Llc Nanowire-based system for analysis of nucleic acids
US20070238186A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2007-10-11 Hongye Sun Nanowire-based system for analysis of nucleic acids
US10415090B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2019-09-17 Applied Biosystems, Llc Nanowire-based system for analysis of nucleic acids
US10961575B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2021-03-30 Applied Biosystems, Llc Nanowire-based system for analysis of nucleic acids
US9238835B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2016-01-19 Applied Biosystems, Llc Nanowire-based system for analysis of nucleic acids
US20100237288A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2010-09-23 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire Dispersion Compositions and Uses Thereof
US7745498B2 (en) 2005-04-13 2010-06-29 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire dispersion compositions and uses thereof
US20060257637A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-11-16 Nanosys, Inc. Nanowire dispersion compositions and uses thereof
US20060240218A1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2006-10-26 Nanosys, Inc. Paintable nonofiber coatings
US8580586B2 (en) 2005-05-09 2013-11-12 Nantero Inc. Memory arrays using nanotube articles with reprogrammable resistance
US20070044295A1 (en) * 2005-05-12 2007-03-01 Nanosys, Inc. Use of nanoparticles in film formation and as solder
US8232584B2 (en) 2005-05-25 2012-07-31 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale sensors
US20060273328A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Nanosys, Inc. Light emitting nanowires for macroelectronics
US7858965B2 (en) 2005-06-06 2010-12-28 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanowire heterostructures
US9000450B2 (en) 2005-06-17 2015-04-07 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company Llc Grown photonic crystals in semiconductor light emitting devices
US8163575B2 (en) 2005-06-17 2012-04-24 Philips Lumileds Lighting Company Llc Grown photonic crystals in semiconductor light emitting devices
US20060284187A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Lumileds Lighting U.S, Llc Grown photonic crystals in semiconductor light emitting devices
US7196262B2 (en) 2005-06-20 2007-03-27 Solyndra, Inc. Bifacial elongated solar cell devices
US20070181176A1 (en) * 2005-06-20 2007-08-09 Solyndra, Inc. Bifacial elongated solar cell devices
US20070240760A1 (en) * 2005-06-20 2007-10-18 Solyndra, Inc. Methods for manufacturing solar cells
US20060283498A1 (en) * 2005-06-20 2006-12-21 Gronet Chris M Bifacial elongated solar cell devices
US20100326495A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2010-12-30 Solyndra, Inc. Self-cleaning protective coatings for use with photovoltaic cells
US20110000539A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2011-01-06 Solyndra, Inc. Self-cleaning protective coatings for use with photovoltaic cells
US20070017567A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2007-01-25 Gronet Chris M Self-cleaning protective coatings for use with photovoltaic cells
US8344238B2 (en) 2005-07-19 2013-01-01 Solyndra Llc Self-cleaning protective coatings for use with photovoltaic cells
US20130042908A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2013-02-21 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nanoscale structures
US8629347B2 (en) * 2005-08-18 2014-01-14 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nanoscale structures
US20130042909A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2013-02-21 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nanoscale structures
US8624107B2 (en) * 2005-08-18 2014-01-07 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nanoscale structures
US8344241B1 (en) 2005-08-22 2013-01-01 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Nanostructure and photovoltaic cell implementing same
US20100078055A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2010-04-01 Ruxandra Vidu Nanostructure and photovoltaic cell implementing same
US8877541B2 (en) 2005-08-22 2014-11-04 Q1 Nanosystems, Inc. Nanostructure and photovoltaic cell implementing same
US7847180B2 (en) 2005-08-22 2010-12-07 Q1 Nanosystems, Inc. Nanostructure and photovoltaic cell implementing same
US8906733B2 (en) 2005-08-22 2014-12-09 Q1 Nanosystems, Inc. Methods for forming nanostructures and photovoltaic cells implementing same
US20110036395A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2011-02-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods for forming nanostructures and photovoltaic cells implementing same
US20100167512A1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2010-07-01 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for Nanostructure Doping
US7394016B2 (en) 2005-10-11 2008-07-01 Solyndra, Inc. Bifacial elongated solar cell devices with internal reflectors
US20070079864A1 (en) * 2005-10-11 2007-04-12 Gronet Chris M Bifacial elongated solar cell devices with internal reflectors
US20100320439A1 (en) * 2005-10-11 2010-12-23 Jin Yong-Wan Carbon nanotube structure and method of vertically aligning carbon nanotubes
WO2007047523A3 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-06-07 Univ Pennsylvania System and method for positioning and synthesizing of nanostructures
US20070110639A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-05-17 Pennsylvania State University System and method for positioning and synthesizing of nanostructures
WO2007047523A2 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-26 Pennsylvania State University System and method for positioning and synthesizing of nanostructures
US20070204901A1 (en) * 2005-11-06 2007-09-06 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nano or micro-scale structures
US8829337B1 (en) * 2005-11-06 2014-09-09 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nano or micro-scale structures
US8314327B2 (en) * 2005-11-06 2012-11-20 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nano or micro-scale structures
US8138868B2 (en) 2005-11-28 2012-03-20 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Method and structure for magnetically-directed, self-assembly of three-dimensional structures
US20080218299A1 (en) * 2005-11-28 2008-09-11 David Patrick Arnold Method and Structure for Magnetically-Directed, Self-Assembly of Three-Dimensional Structures
US20070204902A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-09-06 Banpil Photonics, Inc. High efficiency photovoltaic cells and manufacturing thereof
US8816191B2 (en) * 2005-11-29 2014-08-26 Banpil Photonics, Inc. High efficiency photovoltaic cells and manufacturing thereof
US20080038520A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2008-02-14 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for oriented growth of nanowires on patterned substrates
US7951422B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2011-05-31 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for oriented growth of nanowires on patterned substrates
US7741197B1 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-06-22 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for harvesting and reducing contamination in nanowires
US7259322B2 (en) 2006-01-09 2007-08-21 Solyndra, Inc. Interconnects for solar cell devices
US20070157962A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 Gronet Chris M Interconnects for solar cell devices
US20070157964A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 Solyndra, Inc. Interconnects for solar cell devices
US8067688B2 (en) 2006-01-09 2011-11-29 Solyndra Llc Interconnects for solar cell devices
US20070175507A1 (en) * 2006-01-28 2007-08-02 Banpil Photonics, Inc. High efficiency photovoltaic cells
US8791359B2 (en) * 2006-01-28 2014-07-29 Banpil Photonics, Inc. High efficiency photovoltaic cells
US20070206488A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-09-06 Claes Thelander Data storage nanostructures
US7826336B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2010-11-02 Qunano Ab Data storage nanostructures
US20090299213A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2009-12-03 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanobioelectronics
US20080302415A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2008-12-11 Solyndra, Inc. Elongated photovoltaic cells in casings with a filling layer
US8742252B2 (en) 2006-03-18 2014-06-03 Solyndra, Llc Elongated photovoltaic cells in casings with a filling layer
US20070215197A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2007-09-20 Benyamin Buller Elongated photovoltaic cells in casings
US20110000534A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2011-01-06 Solyndra, Inc. Elongated photovoltaic cells in casings with a filling layer
US20070215195A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2007-09-20 Benyamin Buller Elongated photovoltaic cells in tubular casings
US20080302418A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2008-12-11 Benyamin Buller Elongated Photovoltaic Devices in Casings
US20090014055A1 (en) * 2006-03-18 2009-01-15 Solyndra, Inc. Photovoltaic Modules Having a Filling Material
WO2008091273A3 (en) * 2006-06-09 2008-09-18 Northrop Grumman Systems Corp Carbon nanotube field effect transistor
JP2009540576A (ja) * 2006-06-09 2009-11-19 ノースロップ グラマン システムズ コーポレーション カーボンナノチューブの電界効果トランジスタ
US9102521B2 (en) 2006-06-12 2015-08-11 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors and related technologies
US9903862B2 (en) 2006-06-12 2018-02-27 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanosensors and related technologies
US8329049B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2012-12-11 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Method of fabricating a nanostructure on a pre-etched substrate
US20100108131A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2010-05-06 International Business Machines Corporation Techniques for Use of Nanotechnology in Photovoltaics
US7977690B2 (en) * 2006-07-27 2011-07-12 International Business Machines Corporation Techniques for use of nanotechnology in photovoltaics
WO2008012684A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique A method of fabricating a nanostructure on a pre-etched substrate.
FR2904304A1 (fr) * 2006-07-27 2008-02-01 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'une nanostructure sur un substrat pre-grave.
US7879685B2 (en) 2006-08-04 2011-02-01 Solyndra, Inc. System and method for creating electric isolation between layers comprising solar cells
US20080029154A1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Erel Milshtein System and method for creating electric isolation between layers comprising solar cells
US20080029152A1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Erel Milshtein Laser scribing apparatus, systems, and methods
US20080292835A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-11-27 Lawrence Pan Methods for forming freestanding nanotube objects and objects so formed
US8058640B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2011-11-15 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Branched nanoscale wires
US8591952B2 (en) * 2006-10-10 2013-11-26 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Absorbant superhydrophobic materials, and methods of preparation and use thereof
US20100086604A1 (en) * 2006-10-10 2010-04-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Absorbant superhydrophobic materials, and methods of preparation and use thereof
US8624108B1 (en) * 2006-11-01 2014-01-07 Banpil Photonics, Inc. Photovoltaic cells based on nano or micro-scale structures
US7776760B2 (en) 2006-11-07 2010-08-17 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and methods for nanowire growth
US20110156003A1 (en) * 2006-11-07 2011-06-30 Nanosys, Inc. Systems and Methods for Nanowire Growth
US8252164B2 (en) 2006-11-09 2012-08-28 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for nanowire alignment and deposition
US7968474B2 (en) 2006-11-09 2011-06-28 Nanosys, Inc. Methods for nanowire alignment and deposition
US20080110486A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-05-15 General Electric Company Amorphous-crystalline tandem nanostructured solar cells
US9535063B2 (en) 2006-11-22 2017-01-03 President And Fellows Of Harvard College High-sensitivity nanoscale wire sensors
US8575663B2 (en) 2006-11-22 2013-11-05 President And Fellows Of Harvard College High-sensitivity nanoscale wire sensors
US7786024B2 (en) 2006-11-29 2010-08-31 Nanosys, Inc. Selective processing of semiconductor nanowires by polarized visible radiation
US8258047B2 (en) 2006-12-04 2012-09-04 General Electric Company Nanostructures, methods of depositing nanostructures and devices incorporating the same
US20080150004A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Nanosys, Inc. Electron Blocking Layers for Electronic Devices
US20080150009A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Nanosys, Inc. Electron Blocking Layers for Electronic Devices
US20080150003A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Jian Chen Electron blocking layers for electronic devices
US20090212351A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2009-08-27 Nanosys, Inc. Electron blocking layers for electronic devices
US7847341B2 (en) 2006-12-20 2010-12-07 Nanosys, Inc. Electron blocking layers for electronic devices
US8686490B2 (en) 2006-12-20 2014-04-01 Sandisk Corporation Electron blocking layers for electronic devices
US9214525B2 (en) 2006-12-20 2015-12-15 Sandisk Corporation Gate stack having electron blocking layers on charge storage layers for electronic devices
US20100148149A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-06-17 Qunano Ab Elevated led and method of producing such
US20080149944A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Qunano Ab Led with upstanding nanowire structure and method of producing such
US20100283064A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-11-11 Qunano Ab Nanostructured led array with collimating reflectors
US20100221882A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-09-02 Qunano Ab Nanoelectronic structure and method of producing such
US9096429B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2015-08-04 Qunano Ab Nanoelectronic structure and method of producing such
US8067299B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2011-11-29 Qunano Ab Nanoelectronic structure and method of producing such
US8455857B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2013-06-04 Qunano Ab Nanoelectronic structure and method of producing such
US8049203B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2011-11-01 Qunano Ab Nanoelectronic structure and method of producing such
US10263149B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2019-04-16 Qunano Ab Nanostructured LED array with collimating reflectors
US9318655B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2016-04-19 Qunano Ab Elevated LED
US8227817B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2012-07-24 Qunano Ab Elevated LED
US8796119B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2014-08-05 Qunano Ab Nanoelectronic structure and method of producing such
US8183587B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2012-05-22 Qunano Ab LED with upstanding nanowire structure and method of producing such
US20080149914A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Qunano Ab Nanoelectronic structure and method of producing such
US20080178927A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Thomas Brezoczky Photovoltaic apparatus having an elongated photovoltaic device using an involute-based concentrator
US20100132795A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2010-06-03 Thomas Brezoczky Photovoltaic apparatus having an elongated photovoltaic device using an involute-based concentrator
US20080196759A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 Thomas Brezoczky Photovoltaic assembly with elongated photovoltaic devices and integrated involute-based reflectors
US8183458B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2012-05-22 Solyndra Llc Photovoltaic apparatus having a filler layer and method for making the same
US8674213B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2014-03-18 Solyndra, Llc Photovoltaic apparatus having a filler layer and method for making the same
US20090053126A1 (en) * 2007-03-15 2009-02-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for mass production of nanostructures using mesoporous templates and nanostructures produced by the same
US20080280069A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Nanosys, Inc. Method and system for printing aligned nanowires and other electrical devices
US7892610B2 (en) 2007-05-07 2011-02-22 Nanosys, Inc. Method and system for printing aligned nanowires and other electrical devices
US20090078303A1 (en) * 2007-09-24 2009-03-26 Solyndra, Inc. Encapsulated Photovoltaic Device Used With A Reflector And A Method of Use for the Same
US8142890B1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2012-03-27 University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Fabrication of high aspect ratio core-shell CdS-Mn/ZnS nanowires
US20110064785A1 (en) * 2007-12-06 2011-03-17 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure-Enhanced Platelet Binding and Hemostatic Structures
US20090192429A1 (en) * 2007-12-06 2009-07-30 Nanosys, Inc. Resorbable nanoenhanced hemostatic structures and bandage materials
US8319002B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2012-11-27 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructure-enhanced platelet binding and hemostatic structures
US8304595B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2012-11-06 Nanosys, Inc. Resorbable nanoenhanced hemostatic structures and bandage materials
US20110186809A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2011-08-04 Alexander Kastalsky Nanotube array light emitting diodes and lasers
US8624224B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2014-01-07 Nano-Electronic And Photonic Devices And Circuits, Llc Nanotube array bipolar transistors
US20110168981A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2011-07-14 Alexander Kastalsky Nanotube array bipolar transistors
US8610125B2 (en) * 2008-01-24 2013-12-17 Nano-Electronic And Photonic Devices And Circuits, Llc Nanotube array light emitting diodes
US8610104B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2013-12-17 Nano-Electronic And Photonic Devices And Circuits, Llc Nanotube array injection lasers
US9129807B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2015-09-08 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Growth reactor systems and methods for low-temperature synthesis of nanowires
US8603246B2 (en) * 2008-01-30 2013-12-10 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Growth reactor systems and methods for low-temperature synthesis of nanowires
US20090200539A1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-13 Pengfei Qi Composite Nanorod-Based Structures for Generating Electricity
US8094023B1 (en) * 2008-03-10 2012-01-10 Sandia Corporation Phononic crystal devices
US20100051932A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Seo-Yong Cho Nanostructure and uses thereof
US9304035B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2016-04-05 Zena Technologies, Inc. Vertical waveguides with various functionality on integrated circuits
US9515218B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2016-12-06 Zena Technologies, Inc. Vertical pillar structured photovoltaic devices with mirrors and optical claddings
US9601529B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2017-03-21 Zena Technologies, Inc. Light absorption and filtering properties of vertically oriented semiconductor nano wires
US20130020620A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2013-01-24 Zena Technologies, Inc. Optical waveguides in image sensors
US9429723B2 (en) * 2008-09-04 2016-08-30 Zena Technologies, Inc. Optical waveguides in image sensors
US9337220B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2016-05-10 Zena Technologies, Inc. Solar blind ultra violet (UV) detector and fabrication methods of the same
US9410843B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2016-08-09 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire arrays comprising fluorescent nanowires and substrate
US8540889B1 (en) 2008-11-19 2013-09-24 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of generating liquidphobic surfaces
US8618612B2 (en) 2008-11-24 2013-12-31 University Of Southern California Integrated circuits based on aligned nanotubes
US8778716B2 (en) 2008-11-24 2014-07-15 University Of Southern California Integrated circuits based on aligned nanotubes
WO2010106283A1 (fr) 2009-03-17 2010-09-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Tete de lecture haute resolution pour disque optique
FR2943450A1 (fr) * 2009-03-17 2010-09-24 Commissariat Energie Atomique Tete de lecture haute resolution pour disque optique
US20110089402A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2011-04-21 Pengfei Qi Composite Nanorod-Based Structures for Generating Electricity
US8916064B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2014-12-23 Nanosys, Inc. Functionalized matrices for dispersion of nanostructures
US8283412B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2012-10-09 Nanosys, Inc. Functionalized matrices for dispersion of nanostructures
US20100276638A1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-04 Nanosys, Inc. Functionalized matrixes for dispersion of nanostructures
US8618212B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2013-12-31 Nanosys, Inc. Functionalized matrices for dispersion of nanostructures
KR102067922B1 (ko) 2009-05-19 2020-01-17 원드 매터리얼 엘엘씨 배터리 응용을 위한 나노구조화된 재료
US11600821B2 (en) 2009-05-19 2023-03-07 Oned Material, Inc. Nanostructured materials for battery applications
US11233240B2 (en) 2009-05-19 2022-01-25 Oned Material, Inc. Nanostructured materials for battery applications
KR20190002755A (ko) * 2009-05-19 2019-01-08 원드 매터리얼 엘엘씨 배터리 응용을 위한 나노구조화된 재료
US10490817B2 (en) 2009-05-19 2019-11-26 Oned Material Llc Nanostructured materials for battery applications
US20100297502A1 (en) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-25 Nanosys, Inc. Nanostructured Materials for Battery Applications
US8810808B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2014-08-19 Zena Technologies, Inc. Determination of optimal diameters for nanowires
US9390951B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2016-07-12 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Methods and systems for electric field deposition of nanowires and other devices
US9177985B2 (en) 2009-06-04 2015-11-03 Zena Technologies, Inc. Array of nanowires in a single cavity with anti-reflective coating on substrate
US8623288B1 (en) 2009-06-29 2014-01-07 Nanosys, Inc. Apparatus and methods for high density nanowire growth
WO2011038228A1 (en) 2009-09-24 2011-03-31 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Bent nanowires and related probing of species
US9297796B2 (en) 2009-09-24 2016-03-29 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Bent nanowires and related probing of species
US20110073837A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 University Of Southern California High-performance single-crystalline n-type dopant-doped metal oxide nanowires for transparent thin film transistors and active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays
US8524527B2 (en) * 2009-09-25 2013-09-03 University Of Southern California High-performance single-crystalline N-type dopant-doped metal oxide nanowires for transparent thin film transistors and active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays
US8791470B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2014-07-29 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nano structured LEDs
US9082673B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2015-07-14 Zena Technologies, Inc. Passivated upstanding nanostructures and methods of making the same
US20110101302A1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-05 University Of Southern California Wafer-scale fabrication of separated carbon nanotube thin-film transistors
US20110109006A1 (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Tsinghua University Method for making carbon nanotube film
US8864927B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2014-10-21 Tsinghua University Method for making carbon nanotube film
US9490283B2 (en) 2009-11-19 2016-11-08 Zena Technologies, Inc. Active pixel sensor with nanowire structured photodetectors
US8766272B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-07-01 Zena Technologies, Inc. Active pixel sensor with nanowire structured photodetectors
US8889455B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-11-18 Zena Technologies, Inc. Manufacturing nanowire photo-detector grown on a back-side illuminated image sensor
US9263613B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2016-02-16 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire photo-detector grown on a back-side illuminated image sensor
US8754359B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-06-17 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire photo-detector grown on a back-side illuminated image sensor
US9123841B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2015-09-01 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire photo-detector grown on a back-side illuminated image sensor
US8710488B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-04-29 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire structured photodiode with a surrounding epitaxially grown P or N layer
US8735797B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-05-27 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire photo-detector grown on a back-side illuminated image sensor
US9202954B2 (en) 2010-03-03 2015-12-01 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Nanostructure and photovoltaic cell implementing same
US20110214709A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-08 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Nanostructure and photovoltaic cell implementing same
US8835905B2 (en) * 2010-06-22 2014-09-16 Zena Technologies, Inc. Solar blind ultra violet (UV) detector and fabrication methods of the same
US8835831B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2014-09-16 Zena Technologies, Inc. Polarized light detecting device and fabrication methods of the same
US9406709B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2016-08-02 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods for fabricating and using nanowires
US20110309331A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-22 Zena Technologies, Inc. Solar blind ultra violet (uv) detector and fabrication methods of the same
US9000353B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2015-04-07 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Light absorption and filtering properties of vertically oriented semiconductor nano wires
US9054008B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2015-06-09 Zena Technologies, Inc. Solar blind ultra violet (UV) detector and fabrication methods of the same
US8890271B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2014-11-18 Zena Technologies, Inc. Silicon nitride light pipes for image sensors
US8866065B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2014-10-21 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire arrays comprising fluorescent nanowires
US9543458B2 (en) 2010-12-14 2017-01-10 Zena Technologies, Inc. Full color single pixel including doublet or quadruplet Si nanowires for image sensors
US8748799B2 (en) 2010-12-14 2014-06-10 Zena Technologies, Inc. Full color single pixel including doublet or quadruplet si nanowires for image sensors
US9299866B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2016-03-29 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire array based solar energy harvesting device
US8692230B2 (en) 2011-03-29 2014-04-08 University Of Southern California High performance field-effect transistors
US8860137B2 (en) 2011-06-08 2014-10-14 University Of Southern California Radio frequency devices based on carbon nanomaterials
US9595685B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2017-03-14 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires, nanoscale wire FET devices, and nanotube-electronic hybrid devices for sensing and other applications
US20130022995A1 (en) * 2011-07-18 2013-01-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Metal nanowire including gold nanoclusters on a surface thereof for binding target material and method of binding the target material to the metal nanowire
US20160053174A1 (en) * 2011-10-04 2016-02-25 Hao Yan Quantum dots, rods, wires, sheets, and ribbons, and uses thereof
US9732273B2 (en) * 2011-10-04 2017-08-15 Arizona Board Of Regents Quantum dots, rods, wires, sheets, and ribbons, and uses thereof
US20130270517A1 (en) * 2012-04-16 2013-10-17 The University Of Tokyo Super lattice structure, semiconductor device and semiconductor light emitting device having super lattice structure, and method of making super lattice structure
US20150082874A1 (en) * 2012-04-23 2015-03-26 Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. Sensor array
US10690608B2 (en) 2012-04-23 2020-06-23 Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. Sensor array
US9139770B2 (en) 2012-06-22 2015-09-22 Nanosys, Inc. Silicone ligands for stabilizing quantum dot films
US10707371B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2020-07-07 Nanosys, Inc. Highly luminescent nanostructures and methods of producing same
US9884993B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2018-02-06 Nanosys, Inc. Highly luminescent nanostructures and methods of producing same
US9685583B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2017-06-20 Nanosys, Inc. Highly luminescent nanostructures and methods of producing same
US9631141B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2017-04-25 Nanosys, Inc. Highly luminescent nanostructures and methods of producing same
US9169435B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2015-10-27 Nanosys, Inc. Highly luminescent nanostructures and methods of producing same
US9566946B2 (en) * 2012-07-17 2017-02-14 Airbus (S.A.S.) Systems, methods, and computer readable media for protecting an operator against glare
US20140039730A1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2014-02-06 Airbus (S.A.S) Systems, methods, and computer readable media for protecting an operator against glare
US9076908B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2015-07-07 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Three-dimensional metamaterial device with photovoltaic bristles
US9082911B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2015-07-14 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Three-dimensional metamaterial device with photovoltaic bristles
US9954126B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-04-24 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Three-dimensional photovoltaic devices including cavity-containing cores and methods of manufacture
US9005480B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-04-14 Nanosys, Inc. Method for solventless quantum dot exchange
US9947817B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-04-17 Q1 Nanosystems Corporation Three-dimensional photovoltaic devices including non-conductive cores and methods of manufacture
US9343490B2 (en) 2013-08-09 2016-05-17 Zena Technologies, Inc. Nanowire structured color filter arrays and fabrication method of the same
US10315191B2 (en) * 2014-03-24 2019-06-11 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Photocatalyst
US20150266013A1 (en) * 2014-03-24 2015-09-24 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Photocatalyst
US10434505B1 (en) 2014-03-24 2019-10-08 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Photocatalyst
US9478685B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2016-10-25 Zena Technologies, Inc. Vertical pillar structured infrared detector and fabrication method for the same
US9379327B1 (en) 2014-12-16 2016-06-28 Carbonics Inc. Photolithography based fabrication of 3D structures
US20160336452A1 (en) * 2015-01-15 2016-11-17 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Thin Film Transistor and Method of Fabricating the Same, Array Substrate, and Display Device
US20180088079A1 (en) * 2015-04-03 2018-03-29 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Nanoscale wires with external layers for sensors and other applications
US10737938B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2020-08-11 UVic Industry Partnership Inc. Nanowire chain devices, systems, and methods of production
US11111399B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2021-09-07 Quirklogic, Inc. Materials and methods for conductive thin films
US9881835B1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2018-01-30 Uvic Industry Partnerships Inc. Nanowire devices, systems, and methods of production
TWI638452B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-10-11 林嘉洤 Room temperature oscillator
CN112410933A (zh) * 2019-08-20 2021-02-26 Tcl集团股份有限公司 纳米材料及其制备方法和量子点发光二极管
WO2021216386A1 (en) * 2020-04-19 2021-10-28 Daniels John J Mask-based diagnostic system using exhaled breath condensate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1314189B1 (de) 2013-02-27
US8153470B2 (en) 2012-04-10
MXPA03001605A (es) 2005-06-20
US20070048492A1 (en) 2007-03-01
KR100862131B1 (ko) 2008-10-09
CN101798057A (zh) 2010-08-11
KR20080005613A (ko) 2008-01-14
US20070032052A1 (en) 2007-02-08
WO2002017362A2 (en) 2002-02-28
TWI292583B (en) 2008-01-11
WO2002017362A8 (en) 2002-11-21
EP2360298A3 (de) 2011-10-05
CA2417992A1 (en) 2002-02-28
US20070032023A1 (en) 2007-02-08
US7476596B2 (en) 2009-01-13
US20120329251A1 (en) 2012-12-27
CN101887935B (zh) 2013-09-11
TWI294636B (en) 2008-03-11
TW200616020A (en) 2006-05-16
US7666708B2 (en) 2010-02-23
AU2001286649B2 (en) 2007-04-05
KR100995457B1 (ko) 2010-11-18
JP5013650B2 (ja) 2012-08-29
EP2298968A2 (de) 2011-03-23
CN100565783C (zh) 2009-12-02
AU2001286649C1 (en) 2002-03-04
CN1550030A (zh) 2004-11-24
CA2417992C (en) 2010-10-19
US7595260B2 (en) 2009-09-29
KR20070093461A (ko) 2007-09-18
US20070252136A1 (en) 2007-11-01
JP2004507104A (ja) 2004-03-04
KR100984585B1 (ko) 2010-09-30
KR20080070774A (ko) 2008-07-30
AU8664901A (en) 2002-03-04
KR100791732B1 (ko) 2008-01-04
EP1314189A2 (de) 2003-05-28
EP2360298A2 (de) 2011-08-24
US20070032051A1 (en) 2007-02-08
EP2298968A3 (de) 2011-10-05
KR20030043938A (ko) 2003-06-02
CN101887935A (zh) 2010-11-17
US20070026645A1 (en) 2007-02-01
US20100093158A1 (en) 2010-04-15
US7211464B2 (en) 2007-05-01
US7915151B2 (en) 2011-03-29
US20050164432A1 (en) 2005-07-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7595260B2 (en) Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors, and fabricating such devices
US7301199B2 (en) Nanoscale wires and related devices
US20090057650A1 (en) Nanoscale wires and related devices
JP2004535066A (ja) ナノスケールワイヤ及び関連デバイス
AU2007202897B2 (en) Doped elongated semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, devices including such semiconductors and fabricating such devices
AU2002324426B2 (en) Nanoscale wires and related devices

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE, MASSACHU

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIEBER, CHARLES M.;CUI, YI;DUAN, XIANGFENG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012442/0542

Effective date: 20011113

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION

AS Assignment

Owner name: NAVY, SECRETARY OF THE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Free format text: CONFIRMATORY LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:HARVARD UNIVERSITY;REEL/FRAME:022858/0350

Effective date: 20090316