JP5686988B2 - 燃料電池用膜電極複合体に用いられる触媒層、それを用いる燃料電池用膜電極複合体、燃料電池、およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用膜電極複合体に用いられる触媒層、それを用いる燃料電池用膜電極複合体、燃料電池、およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5686988B2 JP5686988B2 JP2010105661A JP2010105661A JP5686988B2 JP 5686988 B2 JP5686988 B2 JP 5686988B2 JP 2010105661 A JP2010105661 A JP 2010105661A JP 2010105661 A JP2010105661 A JP 2010105661A JP 5686988 B2 JP5686988 B2 JP 5686988B2
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- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100421767 Mus musculus Snai1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019897 RuOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021608 Silver(I) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101100421768 Xenopus laevis snai1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052454 barium strontium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical class O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000295 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KUHRIIPUCPOQMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-3-(ethyliminomethylideneamino)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCN=C=NCCCN(CC)CC KUHRIIPUCPOQMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNAGGMAPXRCPCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-aminopropyl)-3-sulfanylbenzamide Chemical class NCCCNC(=O)C1=CC=CC(S)=C1 RNAGGMAPXRCPCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDRDGQXTSLSKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ru+3] VDRDGQXTSLSKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical class O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical class [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
- H01M8/1013—Other direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
触媒層の内部が均一に担持体で充填されているので、触媒層をコンパクトにするために触媒層内において担持体を高密度で充填すると、とたんに細孔径や気孔率が小さくなってしまい、物質拡散性が低下する。そして、このように物質拡散性が低下した触媒層を用いて高電流を取り出そうとすると、アノードの生成ガスの排出およびカソードの生成水排出が不十分となるとともに、燃料供給や空気供給も不十分となり、燃料電池の発電特性が低下しやすい。コンパクトな(つまり、薄い)触媒層は、プロトン拡散の長さは短いので、触媒層におけるプロトン伝導性の点において好都合であるけれども、触媒層がコンパクトだと、細孔径と気孔率を高い値に保つことが難しい。
マリモ状カーボンの中に不導体のダイヤモンド粒子を含むため、燃料電池用触媒電極の電子導電度が下がってしまい、燃料電池の発電特性が低下してしまう。
あるカーボンナノホーン集合体に含まれるカーボンナノホーンと、そのカーボンナノホーン集合体の中心核とは、1点のみで接触している。したがって、カーボンナノホーン同士の接触が途絶える可能性が高い。したがって、電子伝導性(発電特性)の低下を招来する可能性が高く、また、触媒層の構造としても不安定である。
本発明は、上記従来の問題点に鑑みなされたものであって、その目的は、コンパクトであるとともに発電特性が良好な触媒層、燃料電池用膜電極複合体、燃料電池、およびその製造方法を提供することにある。
本発明の理解を容易にするために、まず、図1を用いて本発明の触媒層の概略を説明する。
「アスペクト比」=「担持体の長さ」÷「担持体の太さ」
=54μm÷40nm=1350 という数値となる。この1350という数値は、アスペクト比の上限値といえる。
本実施の形態の燃料電池用膜電極複合体は、本発明の触媒層を、少なくともアノード触媒層およびカソード触媒層の何れかとして含むものである。本実施の形態の燃料電池用膜電極複合体は、本発明の触媒層を、アノード触媒層として含むとともに、カソード触媒層としても含むものであることが更に好ましい。当該構成であれば、発電特性を更に良好にすることができる。
〔3.燃料電池〕
本実施の形態の燃料電池は、本発明の燃料電池用膜電極複合体を含むものである。
本実施の形態の燃料電池用膜電極複合体に用いられる触媒層の製造方法は、以下の(1)および(2)の工程を有している。つまり、
(1)繊維状の担持体に貴金属粒子を担持させた疎水性の触媒と、プロトン導電性のポリマーとを、溶媒中に超音波分散させることで触媒分散液を作製する工程、
(2)前記触媒分散液を基材に塗布することで触媒層を形成する工程。
<1.比較例1>
図2は、本願発明に係る触媒層の効果を確認するために作製された比較例(比較例1)の燃料電池用膜電極複合体を示す図である。
図3は、本願発明の触媒層をアノード触媒層として用いた実施例(実施例1)の燃料電池用膜電極複合体を示す図である。
実施例1および比較例1の触媒層についてSEM(scanning electron microscope)像を取得し、各触媒層の構造を観察した。なお、SEM像は従来の電界放出型走査顕微鏡によって取得した。
正三角形の面積(S1)は、S1=√3/4×(x+6.6)2となる。
S2=(6.6/2)2×3.14/2=17.1(μm2)
となる。
図14は、本願発明の触媒層の効果を確認するために作製された比較例(比較例2)の燃料電池用膜電極複合体を示す図である。
図15は、本願発明の触媒層をカソード触媒層に用いた燃料電池用膜電極複合体の実施例(実施例2)を示す図である。
図16は、図15に示す実施例2と、図14に示す比較例2とのカソード分極試験の結果を示す図である。
アノード反応: CH3OH + H2O → CO2 + 6H+ +6e−
カソード反応:3/2O2 + 6H+ + 6e− → 3H2O
電池全体での反応:CH3OH + 3/2O2 → CO2 +2H2O
1990年代の初頭に開発された当初は、DMFCはその効率と出力密度の低さ、及びその他の問題点のために、採用されなかった。触媒の改良やその他の近年の開発により、出力密度は二十倍になり、効率は最終的には40%に達しうる。これらの電池は約50℃〜120℃にてテストされた。このように動作温度が低いこと、および燃料改質装置を必要としないことから、DMFCは、携帯電話、ノート型パソコン、カメラ、その他の消費者製品さらには自動車用動力装置に至る、超小型から中規模のサイズでの応用に適している。DMFCの欠点の一つは、低温下でメタノールを水素イオンと二酸化炭素とに酸化するためにはより高活性の触媒を必要とすることであり、これは通常、高価な白金(および/またはルテニウム)触媒をさらなる量必要とすることを意味する。
一つの実施形態において、本発明は電気化学的触媒ナノ粒子(本明細書を通して、ナノ粒子、触媒ナノ粒子、触媒とも呼ぶ)を提供する。適切には、電気化学的触媒ナノ粒子は、一つまたは複数の金属を含む。本明細書に記載する方法を用いて形成した電気化学的触媒ナノ粒子は、ナノ粒子における金属の一種に対する酸素の原子比率が、約2〜約6である。本発明でいう「原子比率」とは、ある要素の原子の数の、他の要素の原子の数に対する比率である。例えば、ナノ粒子における金属の一種に対する酸素の原子比率は、ナノ粒子における金属の一種の原子の数に対する、ナノ粒子における酸素の原子の数の比率を意味する。適切には、原子比率は、ナノ粒子の主要な構成金属に対する、ナノ粒子の酸素の原子の数として得られる。
本明細書を通して述べるとおり、本発明はまた、本発明の電気化学的触媒ナノ粒子を含む膜電極複合体(MEA)、及び当該ナノ粒子とMEAを含む燃料電池を提供する。MEAを形成する方法の例は、米国特許出願公開No. 2007-0212538とNo. 11/808,760とに開示されている。適切な実施形態では、ガス拡散層、例えばテフロン(登録商標)(デュポン社)で処理された表面を持つ、例えばテフロン(登録商標)で処理されたカーボンペーパーや織布(例:カーボン布)を任意に設置してもよい。担持された電気化学的触媒は、それから、任意に設置されたガス拡散層に隣接するように配置される。構成同士を隣接するように配置するとは、それらのさまざまな構成を重ねたり、塗布したり、噴霧したり、コーティングしたり、広げたり、あるいはその他のあらゆる適用方法を含む。
〔実施例3:電気化学的触媒ナノ粒子及びナノワイヤ担持電気化学的触媒ナノ粒子の作成〕
材料:
RuCl3・xH20(アルドリッチ社)、H2PtCl6・xH20(アルドリッチ社)、無水エチレングリコール(アルドリッチ社)、0.5M NaOHエチレングリコール溶液。
250mgのRuCl3・xH20を150mLの三つ口フラスコに加えた。30mLのエチレングリコールを加え、透明な溶液ができるまで磁性攪拌子で攪拌した(約数時間)。500mgのH2PtCl6・xH20と200mLのさらなるエチレングリコールとを追加した。50mLの0.5M NaOH溶液を加え、当該溶液をArガスで浄化した。そのあと、当該溶液を油浴で、約165℃で約3時間加熱し、PtRuコロイド溶液を生成した。
実施例4:適合するイオノマーを有するMEAを形成
本発明の担持された電気化学的触媒(例:PtRuナノワイヤ触媒)は、市販の炭素担持触媒(例:PtRuカーボンブラックまたはカーボンペーパー)に比べて明確な利点を有している。その利点としては、次孔(primary pores)(例:20nm未満の細孔がないこと)、ナノワイヤ触媒の多孔性構造と使用されるイオノマーとのあいだで大きさが適合していること、浸炭ナノワイヤから電流を効率的に回収できることが挙げられる。
アスペクト比が高い担持体物質に担持された触媒を含む触媒層を含む膜電極複合体であって、アスペクト比が低いナノワイヤ担持物質に担持された触媒は複数の凝集体を形成し、当該複数の凝集体の最大直径は10nmであり、当該複数の凝集体のうちの複数が当該触媒層を形成し、当該触媒層における他の凝集体の少なくとも一つと接触している。触媒層の気孔率は70%よりも大きく、当該触媒層の平均細孔径は60nmよりも大きい。
(a)RCl3xH20、エチレングリコール、H2PtCl6xH20、NaOHを組み合わせてPtRuコロイド溶液を作る工程と、
(b)工程(a)で作られた溶液をナノワイヤの懸濁液に加えてナノワイヤPtRuコロイド溶液を作る工程と、
(c)上記ナノワイヤPtRuコロイド溶液のpHを下げる工程と、
(d)上記ナノワイヤ担持PtRu電気化学的触媒ナノ粒子を回収する工程と、を含む方法。
Claims (8)
- 燃料電池用膜電極複合体に用いられる触媒層であって、
前記触媒層は、互いに隣り合う凝集体同士が細孔を設けた状態で接する複数の凝集体を含み、
前記複数の凝集体のそれぞれは、繊維状の担持体に、Pt、Au、Pd、Ru、Re、Rh、Os、Ir、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ag、V、Cr、Mo、W、それらの合金、及びそれらの混合物から選ばれる少なくとも一つの金属微粒子を担持させた複数の触媒が、互いに隣接し合う触媒同士の間に細孔を設けた状態で集合して形成されており、
前記複数の触媒のそれぞれは、当該触媒以外の複数の触媒と、複数点において接触していることを特徴とする触媒層。 - 前記繊維状の担持体は、平均直径が300nm以下であり、かつ、アスペクト比が10以上1350以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒層。
- 前記複数の触媒は、網目状に配置されているか、または、鳥の巣構造を有していることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の触媒層。
- 前記繊維状の担持体は、ナノグラファイトで覆ったナノワイヤであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の触媒層。
- 請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の触媒層が、少なくとも、アノード触媒層およびカソード触媒層のいずれかとして含まれていることを特徴とする燃料電池用膜電極複合体。
- 請求項5の燃料電池用膜電極複合体を含むことを特徴とする燃料電池。
- 繊維状の担持体に、Pt、Au、Pd、Ru、Re、Rh、Os、Ir、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ag、V、Cr、Mo、W、それらの合金、及びそれらの混合物から選ばれる少なくとも一つの金属微粒子を担持させた疎水性の触媒と、プロトン導電性のポリマーとを、溶媒中に超音波分散させることで前記触媒が前記溶媒中でランダムに配向した触媒分散液を作製し、その触媒分散液を基材に塗布することで、互いに隣り合う凝集体同士が細孔を設けた状態で接する複数の凝集体を含み、前記複数の凝集体のそれぞれは、繊維状の担持体に、前記金属微粒子を担持させた複数の触媒が、互いに隣接し合う触媒同士の間に細孔を設けた状態で集合して形成されており、前記複数の触媒のそれぞれは、当該触媒以外の複数の触媒と、複数点において接触している触媒層を形成することを特徴とする、燃料電池用膜電極複合体に用いられる触媒層の製造方法。
- 前記疎水性の触媒として、繊維状の担持体の懸濁液に、前記金属微粒子を含むコロイド溶液を加えて、前記繊維状の担持体に前記金属微粒子が担持された触媒を含むコロイド溶液を形成し、該コロイド溶液を濾過することで回収された触媒を使用することを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の燃料電池用膜電極複合体に用いられる触媒層の製造方法。
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JP2008066230A (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-21 | National Institute For Materials Science | 燃料電池用触媒電極、それを用いた、膜・電極接合体、及び燃料電池 |
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US11158863B2 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2021-10-26 | Hyundai Motor Company | Catalyst composite for fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same |
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