TWI724999B - 用於以塗漆塗佈基板的方法以及用於使塗漆層平坦化的裝置 - Google Patents

用於以塗漆塗佈基板的方法以及用於使塗漆層平坦化的裝置 Download PDF

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TWI724999B
TWI724999B TW104130969A TW104130969A TWI724999B TW I724999 B TWI724999 B TW I724999B TW 104130969 A TW104130969 A TW 104130969A TW 104130969 A TW104130969 A TW 104130969A TW I724999 B TWI724999 B TW I724999B
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凱琴 費雪
弗洛里安 帕利
喬韓斯 普雷頓
金子賢
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德商蘇士微科技印刷術股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明關於一種用於以塗漆塗佈基板(26)的方法,其包含下列的步驟:- 將塗漆均勻地施加到基板(26),- 降低被施加到基板(26)的塗漆(30)的溶劑比例,- 使被塗佈的基板(26)暴露在溶劑氣氛。
本發明亦關於用於使塗漆層平坦化的裝置。

Description

用於以塗漆塗佈基板的方法以及用於使塗漆層平坦化的裝置
本發明關於一種用於以塗漆塗佈基板的方法,以及關於一種用於使基板上的塗漆層平坦化的裝置。
微米及奈米製造過程通常使用被施加在要被加工的基板上的層中的塗漆。藉由這些塗漆的幫助,其能夠產生,例如,在基板上的光罩,且在這些幫助下,可產生所期望的結構或加工可在基板上被實現。為此目的,塗漆為,例如,光敏感的,使得所期望的結構能夠在光學成像的幫助下從光罩被傳遞到光敏感的塗漆。
為了達成較佳的結果,非常重要的是,被施加的塗漆層沒有任何的不平整和粒子。除了旋轉方法外,噴塗法(spraying)亦可使用來將塗漆施加到基板上,在噴塗法中,塗漆藉由噴嘴的方式而被噴塗到基板上。特別是在基板具有表面形狀(topography)(亦即,基板本身已在其 表面上具有垂直、三維結構)的案例中,只有藉由將塗漆噴塗於其上才能夠以最經濟的方式達成最均勻可能的塗漆層。
然而,當塗漆被噴塗於上時,隨著特定數量的塗漆液滴在噴嘴與基板之間的飛濺途中乾燥且接著已經(幾乎)被固化的塗漆粒子撞擊在基板的表面、或存在於此位置處的塗漆,塗漆粒子形成在塗漆層上。這些塗漆粒子堆積在被噴塗於上的塗漆層上,且造成在進一步的加工期間(例如,在暴露於光的期間)的問題,且最終造成所產生的結構上的局部缺陷。
本發明的目的在於提供一種方法及裝置,其中,被施加到基板上的塗漆層為平坦的且沒有塗漆粒子。
此目的係藉由用於以塗漆塗佈基板的方法來達成,其中,塗漆被均勻地施加到基板上,且接著被施加到基板上的塗漆的溶劑比例被降低,且之後使被塗佈的基板暴露到溶劑氣氛(solvent atmosphere)。由於被塗佈的基板被暴露到溶劑氣氛,已被形成在基板上的塗漆粒子被溶解。然而,由於基板的溶劑比例已事先被降低,即使在溶劑氣氛中進行處理的期間,能夠確保被施加到基板的塗漆不會進一步地流動、或是開始再次流動。這因此確保基板保持被塗漆完整地塗佈的狀態,即使是在可能提供的表面形狀之急傾斜點處亦然。
直到基板被暴露於溶劑氣氛的時間點以及在這段期間,被施加的塗漆的溶劑比例必須被保持在一個範圍內,在此範圍中,被施加的塗漆的黏性為足夠高的,以確保塗漆不再流動。在此同時,溶劑比例必須還沒被降低到使得塗漆粒子或不平整可能不再被溶劑氣氛溶解的程度。
在此連接中的詞語”塗漆”被理解為溶劑和適用於所欲的應用之塗漆的混合物。
在其已被暴露於溶劑氣氛後,被塗佈的基板較佳地被加熱,從而使被施加的塗漆經受軟烘烤(soft bake)。軟烘烤降低塗漆的溶劑比例直到塗漆被完全地硬化且可被進一步地加工,例如,暴露於光。
被塗佈的基板可被暴露於真空,以用所欲的方式降低被施加到基板的塗漆之溶劑比例。在此方式中,部分的揮發性溶劑蒸發,且使得塗漆的黏性被增加。
真空被理解為少於0.3巴(bar)的壓力。
在一實施例的變化中,被塗佈的基板被加熱,以減少被施加到基板的塗漆之溶劑比例,從而使得塗漆的黏性被同樣地增加。
在本發明的一實施例中,溶劑氣氛具有至少50莫耳百分比的溶劑比例,特別是至少70莫耳百分比的溶劑比例。這些值已被證實為特別適用在溶解並從而移除在被施加的塗漆上的不平整和塗漆粒子。
溶劑可為丙酮(acetone)或丁酮(methyl ethyl ketone),因此可使用較便宜的已知溶劑。
在本發明的一實施例中,溶劑氣氛的溫度為高於溶劑的沸點(boiling point),從而防止溶劑的凝結,這可能造成不希望的溶劑液滴。這些液滴為不希望的,因為它們可能以不受控制的方式滴在被塗佈的塗漆上,且分解塗漆層。
例如,溶劑氣氛的壓力為大於或等於0.5巴,特別是大於或等於0.7巴,從而確保塗漆粒子和不平整的可靠移除。
被塗佈的基板可被暴露於溶劑氣氛480秒或更少,特別是420秒或更少。此時間期間對於使塗漆粒子溶解和使不平整被整平而言為足夠長的,但對於使被施加的塗漆不要開始再次溶解以及開始流動而言為足夠短的。
在本發明的一實施例的變化中,塗漆藉由噴塗法被均勻地施加到基板,因此即使基板具有表面形狀,基板仍可以經得起考驗的方式被均勻地塗佈。
本發明的目的藉由用於使基板上的塗漆層平坦化的裝置而被進一步地達成,此裝置具有處理室、設計來降低塗漆層的溶劑比例的乾燥裝置、以及可在處理室中產生溶劑氣氛的蒸發器。裝置使其能夠去乾燥塗漆層,亦即,去減少塗漆的溶劑比例,直到使得其不再流動。此外,可藉由溶劑氣氛移除塗漆層上的不平整與塗漆粒子。
因此,詞語”蒸發器”不限於從固體或液體產生氣體的裝置。此詞語亦包括能夠在處理室中產生溶劑氣氛的其他裝置,像是例如,具有適當的閥的氣體儲存容器。
較佳地,裝置具有塗佈裝置,塗佈裝置可將塗漆層均勻地施加到基板,特別是可將塗漆層噴塗到基板。在此方式中,以經得起考驗的方式,均勻的塗漆層可被產生在基板上,特別是在具有表面形狀的基板上。
例如,乾燥裝置具有真空泵及/或至少一文氏噴嘴(venturi nozzle),其可在處理室中產生真空,使得溶劑從被施加的塗漆層蒸發,並降低塗漆層的溶劑比例。
在一實施例的變化中,乾燥裝置為加熱裝置,其可加熱塗漆層並使被施加的塗漆層的溶劑比例同樣被降低。
在本發明的一實施例中,裝置具有加熱系統,其可加熱在處理室中的氣氛,從而控制處理室中的氣氛的溫度。例如,藉由此加熱系統的方式,亦可加熱被施加的塗漆層。
在本發明的一實施例中,蒸發器產生溶劑氣氛,其具有至少50莫耳百分比的溶劑比例,特別是至少70莫耳百分比的溶劑比例,從而確保氣氛中的溶劑濃度為足夠高的,以整平不平整與溶解塗漆粒子。
10‧‧‧裝置
12‧‧‧處理室
14‧‧‧基板固持器
16‧‧‧蒸發器
18‧‧‧乾燥裝置
20‧‧‧塗佈裝置
22‧‧‧加熱系統
24‧‧‧噴嘴
26‧‧‧基板
28‧‧‧真空泵
30‧‧‧塗漆層
32‧‧‧不平整
34‧‧‧塗漆粒子
36‧‧‧加熱裝置
40‧‧‧風扇
本發明的進一步特徵及優點將從以下的說明及作成參照之所附圖式變得清楚。在圖式中:- 圖1顯示根據本發明的第一實施例之本發明的裝置的示意圖;- 圖2顯示根據本發明的第二實施例之本發明的裝置 的示意圖;以及- 圖3a到3c示意性地顯示在根據本發明之方法的不同時間點時,要被塗佈的基板的截面圖。
圖1示意性地顯示被使用來塗佈和處理基板的裝置10。基板為,例如,接著要被進一步加工的半導體。
裝置10具有處理室12,處理室12內設置有基板固持器14。蒸發器16及乾燥裝置18被連接到處理室12。
此外,裝置10可設有塗佈裝置20。
裝置10亦具有加熱系統22,其被佈置在處理室12中,且加熱系統22可加熱處理室12中的氣氛。
加熱系統22可由,例如,處理室12中的加熱棒或線圈所形成。
在所顯示的實施例中,塗佈裝置20具有噴嘴24,被設置在基板固持器14上的基板26可藉由噴嘴24被塗漆均勻地噴塗。
在第一實施例中,乾燥裝置18具有真空泵28,真空泵28與處理室12流體連通且可將此處理室抽真空。例如,真空泵28可將在處理室12中的壓力降低到0.2巴。
此外,乾燥裝置18可具有至少一文氏噴嘴,用於將處理室12抽真空。
蒸發器16以其可產生溶劑氣氛的方式被形成在處理室12中。為此目的,蒸發器16同樣與處理室12流體連 通。
蒸發器16可具有,例如,以溶劑填滿的洗氣瓶(gas-washing bottle),氣流,尤其是氮氣流經由此洗氣瓶被注入,從而使溶劑蒸發。被蒸發的溶劑接著與氮氣一起被導入到處理室12中。
當然,可能以其他的方式來提供溶劑氣氛,例如,溶劑的熱蒸發或機械式蒸發、或溶劑在其中以氣態形式被提供的溶劑容器的使用。
由蒸發器16所產生的溶劑氣氛的溶劑比例為至少50莫耳百分比,尤其是至少70莫耳百分比。
溶劑為,例如,丙酮或丁酮。
下面將藉由圖3a到3c的幫助來說明藉由裝置的協助來執行之用於以塗漆塗佈基板且使被施加到基板26的塗漆層平坦化的方法。
圖3顯示要被塗佈的基板26之截面的示意截面圖。在方法的一開始,基板26未被塗佈,且沒有髒汙。
為了簡單起見,所顯示的基板26在此案例中被顯示成平坦狀態。然而,根據本發明的方法亦可被應用到具有垂直、3D表面形狀的基板。
藉由塗佈裝置20的幫助,塗漆藉由,例如,噴塗法,而被均勻地施加到基板26,塗漆為適用於所欲的應用之塗漆及溶劑的混合物。
圖3b顯示具有被施加的塗漆層30之基板26。
可觀察到的是,在此案例中的塗漆具有局部的不平整 32。塗漆粒子34亦可能堆積在塗漆層30上。例如,在由噴嘴24所產生的獨立塗漆液滴在其到達基板26的飛濺途中乾燥且形成中空球形時,可能形成這些塗漆粒子34。
塗漆粒子34以及不平整32兩者均為不希望的,這是因為它們可能損害進一步的奈米或微米製造過程的品質。
為了移除不平整32及塗漆粒子34,被施加到基板26的塗漆,亦即,塗漆層30,被乾燥,從而降低塗漆層30的溶劑比例。
這可能發生在處理室12藉由真空泵28及/或文氏噴嘴的方式被蒸發時。例如,0.2巴的壓力可在處理室12中被產生。被塗佈的基板26因此暴露在真空中。
塗漆的溶劑的部分被負壓所蒸發,且使得塗漆層30的溶劑比例被降低。具有降低的溶劑比例之塗漆層30現在具有增加的黏性,且使得塗漆層30不再能夠流動。
由於多出來的液態塗漆將流到基板中的凹槽和凹陷中,且使得較高的角落及邊緣將仍然沒有足夠的噴漆層,尤其是對於具有表面形狀的基板而言,這是顯著的。
接下來,藉由蒸發器16的幫助,氣態溶劑,例如,丙酮或丁酮,接著被引入到處理室12中,且使得溶劑氣氛在處理室12中形成。
已被證實特別適於在溶劑氣氛中使用的是至少50莫耳百分比且尤其是至少70莫耳百分比的溶劑比例。
溶劑氣氛的壓力較佳為大於或等於0.5巴,特別是大於或等於0.7巴。
若有需要,藉由加熱系統22的幫助,處理室12可被加熱以使得溶劑氣氛的溫度被增加到,例如,超過溶劑的沸點溫度(boiling temperature)的溫度。
在處理室12中的溶劑氣氛作用在塗漆層上持續數分鐘。不多於480秒的停滯時間(dwell time)已證實為特別適合的,特別是較佳不要多於420秒。
因此,基板26被暴露於溶劑氣氛的時間的開始或結束可被定義為溶劑氣氛的溶劑比例超過或低於一具體數值,例如,50莫耳百分比或70莫耳百分比。
在具有塗漆層30之被塗佈的基板26已被暴露於溶劑氣氛之後,溶劑氣氛從處理室12中被移除。這發生在,例如,用惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)沖洗處理室12時。然而,此步驟可能在真空泵28及/或文氏噴嘴的幫助下發生。
藉由在溶劑氣氛中的氣態溶劑,不平整32已被整平且塗漆層30上的塗漆粒子34已被溶解,且因此產生塗漆層30之均勻且平坦的表面。塗漆層30因此(幾乎)沒有不平整32及塗漆粒子34。暴露於溶劑氣氛之後的基板26係顯示於圖3c中。
具有塗漆層30之被塗佈的基板26現在可以被加熱,且使得塗漆層30經受軟烘烤。
具有塗漆層30之被塗佈的基板26可接著被進一步地加工,例如,暴露於光。
溶劑氣氛的壓力、溫度及溶劑比例和基板暴露於溶劑 氣氛的時間,以及進一步的參數以範例的方式被給出,且必須,例如,適於所使用的溶劑和所使用的塗漆,以達成最佳的結果。
圖2顯示裝置10的第二實施例。其實質對應到根據圖1的第一實施例,且因此類似且功能上等效的部分被指定為相同的標號。只有差異點會在下面被說明。
第二實施例的裝置10之乾燥裝置18不具有真空泵,而具有加熱裝置36。
加熱裝置36被設置在,例如,基板固持器14中,且可加熱基板26以及可能被施加到基板26的塗漆層30。
由根據第二實施例之裝置10所執行的方法同樣實質地對應到已經被說明的方法。然而,被施加到基板26的塗漆(亦即,塗漆層30)之溶劑比例以其他的方式來降低。
加熱裝置36加熱具有塗漆層30之被塗佈的基板26,且因此在塗漆層30中的溶劑被部分地蒸發,從而降低塗漆層30的溶劑比例。
此外,在處理室12中產生的溶劑氣氛可藉由風扇40的方式從處理室12被排出,風扇40被設置在處理室12與裝置10的周圍環境之間的通氣軸中。
當然,所顯示的實施例的特徵可根據需要被與另外的一者結合。例如,對於裝置10而言,包括加熱裝置36以及真空泵28兩者是可行的。由於處理室12可在溶劑氣氛被引入到處理室12中之前就被蒸發,其因此可能產生極 純的溶劑氣氛。
對於加熱裝置36及加熱系統22而言,由這些相同的加熱元件來形成為可行的,且因此,可藉由這些加熱元件來加熱處理室12及因此的溶劑氣氛連同被塗佈的基板26。
10‧‧‧裝置
12‧‧‧處理室
14‧‧‧基板固持器
16‧‧‧蒸發器
18‧‧‧乾燥裝置
20‧‧‧塗佈裝置
22‧‧‧加熱系統
24‧‧‧噴嘴
26‧‧‧基板
28‧‧‧真空泵

Claims (10)

  1. 一種用於以塗漆塗佈基板(26)的方法,該方法包括以下的步驟:將該塗漆均勻地施加到該基板(26),其中,該基板為半導體,降低被施加到該基板(26)的該塗漆(30)的溶劑比例,及之後,使被塗佈的該基板(26)暴露在溶劑氣氛,其中,直到該基板被暴露於該溶劑氣氛的時間點以及在該基板被暴露於該溶劑氣氛的期間,被施加的該塗漆的溶劑比例被保持在一範圍中,在該範圍中,被施加的該塗漆的黏性為足夠高的,以確保該塗漆不再流動,而在此同時,該溶劑比例不會被降低至使得塗漆粒子或不平整不再能被該溶劑氣氛溶解的程度,從而在該半導體基板上形成塗漆塗層,其中,該塗漆塗層沒有不平整和塗漆粒子。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,在被塗佈的該基板暴露在該溶劑氣氛之後,加熱被塗佈的該基板,且因此使被施加的該塗漆(30)經受軟烘烤。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之方法,其中,為了降低被施加到該基板(26)的該塗漆(30)的溶劑比例,被塗佈的該基板被暴露於真空。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,為了降低被施加到該基板(26)的該塗漆(30)的溶劑比例,被塗佈的該基板(26)被加熱。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,該溶劑氣氛具有至少50莫耳百分比的溶劑比例。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,該溶劑氣氛的溶劑為丙酮或丁酮。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,該溶劑氣氛的溫度為高於溶劑的沸點。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,該溶劑氣氛的壓力大於或等於0.5巴。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,被塗佈的該基板(26)暴露於該溶劑氣氛480秒或更少。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,藉由噴塗法將該塗漆均勻地塗佈到該基板。
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