CN109433528B - 一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法 - Google Patents

一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法 Download PDF

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CN109433528B
CN109433528B CN201811473147.7A CN201811473147A CN109433528B CN 109433528 B CN109433528 B CN 109433528B CN 201811473147 A CN201811473147 A CN 201811473147A CN 109433528 B CN109433528 B CN 109433528B
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付扬帆
李忠盛
吴护林
李立
张昭林
陈汉宾
张隆平
杨九州
丛大龙
张静元
钟军
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Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering of China South Industries Group
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05C7/04Apparatus specially designed for applying liquid or other fluent material to the inside of hollow work the liquid or other fluent material flowing or being moved through the work; the work being filled with liquid or other fluent material and emptied
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05D3/0493Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases using vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法。它依次包括以下操作步骤:(1)零件前处理;(2)灌注涂料;(3)抽真空处理;(4)排出涂料并平卧零件;(5)零件高速自转;(6)涂料固化。本发明能够在筒形件多孔内表面形成平整且厚度均匀的涂层,并保证涂层不出现气泡、鼓包或开裂等问题。

Description

一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在由多孔材料制造的或表面制备多孔涂层的零部件上涂覆涂料的方法,尤其涉及一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法。
背景技术
浸涂是在筒形零件,尤其是具有较大深径比的筒形零件内表面涂覆涂料的优选工艺之一。但对于由多孔材料制造的筒形零件或者通过微弧氧化、等离子喷涂等工艺制备的多微孔陶瓷内层的筒形零件(孔隙直径范围为0.5~50μm)而言,传统的浸涂工艺虽能遮蔽孔洞,但应用中当工件受到较大热量作用时,例如,采用常规涂料浸涂工艺封孔的陶瓷热流传输管件或者具备多微孔陶瓷表层的筒形受热结构件,受瞬时高热作用时,其所制备的涂层极易出现气泡、鼓包甚至开裂。此外,采用传统浸涂工艺所制备的涂层在轴向及径向上厚度的均匀性也难以保证。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,该方法能够在筒形件的多孔内表面形成平整且厚度均匀的涂层,并保证涂层不出现气泡、鼓包或开裂等问题。
本发明的目的具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,其特征在于:依次进行零件前处理、灌注涂料、抽真空处理、排出涂料并平卧零件、零件高速自转、涂料固化等步骤。
具体地,上述抽真空处理是抽真空至负压0.05~0.30MPa,并保压至少1min。
进一步,上述灌注涂料是转移零件至真空室内,涂料灌注入零件筒内,使液面超过指定高度。指定高度是指筒形件内表面根据实际使用的需要所要涂覆的涂层的高度。
进一步明确,上述筒形件多孔内表面的孔隙直径范围为0.5~50μm。
更具体地说,一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,其特征在于,依次包括以下操作步骤:
(1)零件前处理
去除筒形件内表面的油脂及其它污物,烘干;
(2)灌注涂料
转移零件至真空室内,涂料灌注入零件筒内,使液面超过指定高度;
(3)抽真空处理
抽真空至负压0.05~0.30MPa,并保压至少1min;
(4)排出涂料并平卧零件
向真空室内缓慢放入空气,倒出零件筒内的涂料,并使零件平卧,至涂料不再滴落;
(5)零件高速自转
通过电机带动零件沿轴线高速自转,至表面附着的涂料失去流动性为止;
(6)涂料固化。
发明人经过了多年反复试验,发现通过调整涂料配方、涂覆前烘干筒体等多种尝试手段,仍然无法防止涂层在受瞬时高热作用时,出现气泡、鼓包甚至开裂等问题,通过大量研究与分析发现:由于表面张力等因素,在筒形件的多孔内表面(孔隙直径范围为0.5~50μm)涂覆涂料时,涂料难以完全进入到孔洞内,当工件受较大热量作用时,涂料未完全进入的孔洞的表面涂层极易出现气泡、鼓包甚至开裂等现象。本发明中通过在涂料进入筒形件多孔内表面时,采用抽真空处理使得涂料有效填满并封闭了多孔内表面,进而避免了当工件受较大热量作用时,涂料涂层极易出现的气泡、鼓包甚至开裂等现象。
作为进一步优化,上述涂料选择为溶剂型涂料,且粘度小于等于90s。
作为进一步优化,上述步骤(1)中所述烘干,具体操作是将零件置于60℃条件下烘干100min。当然,烘干操作也可以根据零件尺寸及湿润程度等,适度调节烘干温度及时间,但应不影响材料性能。
作为进一步优化,上述步骤(5)中所述高速自转的自转速率≥300r/min。
作为进一步优化,上述步骤(6)中所述涂料固化,可采用常规的涂料固化工艺,例如,室温固化、加热固化等。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,它将涂料灌注入具备多孔内表面的筒形件内,当液面超过指定高度后,通过抽真空等手段,使涂料涂层下方筒形件多孔内表面孔洞内封闭的空气自发排出并使涂料迅速填充孔洞,避免了因常规浸涂工艺导致涂料涂层在受瞬时高热作用时,出现气泡、鼓包,甚至开裂等问题;并结合平卧、高速自转零件等措施,使得残留的涂料均匀地附着在筒形零件内表面,并最终彻底封闭多孔内表面的各个孔洞,既保证了涂层在轴线方向、径向方向的厚度均匀性,使其涂层均匀性优于±5μm,又进一步保证了避免出现气泡、鼓包,甚至开裂等问题。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中在筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆时所采用的装置的结构示意图。
图2为图1中所述涂覆时筒形件多孔内表面孔洞内的空气排出及涂料进入孔洞中的过程示意图。
图中,1-筒形件;2-真空室;3-工作平台;4-抽真空装置;5-电机;6-涂料;7-传动杆;8-孔洞。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述,并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之内。
实施例 1
一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,依次包括以下操作步骤:
(1)零件前处理
该筒形件1选用为通过微弧氧化工艺制备了多孔陶瓷内层的铝合金筒形零件,其内径为20mm、高为110mm,微弧氧化层孔洞的直径为0.5~5μm;用乙酸乙酯清洗至完全去除筒形件1内表面的油脂及其它污物,60℃条件下烘干100min至内表面完全干燥;
(2)灌注涂料
烘干后1min内,转移筒形件1至真空室2内,安装在工作平台3上,灌注涂料6至筒形件1内,使液面超过指定高度;此时,涂料6与筒形件1内表面接触,空气被封闭在孔洞8内;其中,涂料选择为常规市售的耐400℃高温的溶剂型涂料,且涂料粘度80s~90s;
(3)抽真空处理
封闭真空室2,启动抽真空装置4,抽真空使真空室2内负压至0.05~0.07MPa,并保压1min;此过程中随着负压增大,被封闭在孔洞8内的空气逸出,并迅速排出至涂料6液面外,与此同时涂料6迅速进入并填满孔洞8;
(4)排出涂料并平卧零件
关闭抽真空装置4,并向真空室2内缓慢放入空气,启动电机5,旋转传动杆7自转90°,使工作平台3及其上的筒形件1平卧,涂料6即流出筒形件1,至涂料6不再滴落(此时零件内的涂料6液面与筒形件1筒壁保持平行);
(5)零件高速自转
启动工作平台3内置的调速电机,通过电机轴上安装的卡扣卡紧筒形件1底部进而带动筒形件1沿自身轴线高速自转,自转速率为400r/min,筒形件1内表面附着的涂料在离心力作用下,均匀附着在筒形件1内表面,并最终彻底封闭孔洞8,至筒形件1内表面附着的涂料6表干至完全失去流动性后,停止自转、取出;
(6)涂料固化
按照常规的涂料室温固化工艺要求,进行涂料固化。
本例中在筒形件内表面进行涂覆涂料时,所采用的装置的具体结构,如附图1所示,当然本领域的技术人员也可采用能适用的其他常规装置;其中,涂料涂覆时筒形件多孔内表面孔洞内的空气排出及涂料进入孔洞中的过程,如附图2所示。经检测,本例中所制备的涂料涂层平整且厚度均匀,其内表面的涂层厚度均匀性优于±5μm。
本例中还进行了以下验证实验:
取本实施例1中经涂料固化后所得的筒形件,在室温中保存6h,之后立即放入温度为350℃的烘箱内保温10min进行观察,得知:其涂层内表面外观无异常,无气泡、鼓包、开裂等现象。
作为对比,另取与实施例1中相同的涂料、筒形件,采用常规涂覆工艺进行涂覆,所得的筒形件在涂料固化后,在室温中保存6h,之后立即放入温度为350℃的烘箱内保温10min进行观察,得知:其涂层内表面满是密集的气泡,局部气泡连接聚合,形成了直径约0.5~2mm的鼓包数个。
实施例 2
一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,依次包括以下操作步骤:
(1)零件前处理
该筒形件选用为通过微弧氧化工艺制备了多孔陶瓷内层的铝合金筒形零件,其内径为10mm、高为200mm,微弧氧化层孔洞的直径为1~5μm;用乙酸乙酯清洗至完全去除筒形件内表面的油脂及其它污物,65℃条件下烘干150min至内表面完全干燥;
(2)灌注涂料
烘干后2min内,转移筒形件至真空室内,安装在工作平台上,灌注涂料至筒形件内,使液面超过指定高度;此时,涂料与筒形件内表面接触,空气被封闭在孔洞内;其中,涂料选择为常规市售的耐400℃高温的溶剂型涂料,且涂料粘度80s~90s;
(3)抽真空处理
封闭真空室,抽真空使真空室内负压至0.07~0.10MPa,并保压1.5min;此过程中随着负压增大,被封闭在孔洞内的空气逸出,并迅速排出至涂料液面外,与此同时涂料迅速进入并填满孔洞;
(4)排出涂料并平卧零件
停止抽真空,并向真空室内缓慢放入空气,倒出筒形件内的涂料,旋转工作平台使得筒形件平卧,至涂料不再滴落;
(5)零件高速自转
启动工作平台内置的调速电机,通过电机轴上的卡扣卡紧筒形件底部进而带动筒形件沿自身轴线高速自转,自转速率为350r/min,筒形件内表面附着的涂料在离心力作用下,均匀附着在筒形件内表面,并最终彻底封闭孔洞,至筒形件内表面附着的涂料表干至完全失去流动性后,停止自转、取出;
(6)涂料固化
按照常规的涂料室温固化工艺要求,进行涂料固化。
经检测,本例中所制备的涂料涂层平整且厚度均匀,其内表面的涂层厚度均匀性优于±5μm;另取本例中经涂料固化后所得的筒形件在涂料固化后,在室温中保存6.5h,之后立即放入温度为360℃的烘箱内保温20min进行观察,得知:其涂层内表面外观无异常,无气泡、鼓包、开裂等现象。
实施例 3
一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,依次包括以下操作步骤:
(1)零件前处理
该筒形件选用为通过等离子喷涂工艺制备了多孔陶瓷内层的钢制筒形零件,其内径为55mm、高为100mm,陶瓷内层孔洞的直径为1~50μm;用乙酸乙酯清洗至完全去除筒形件内表面的油脂及其它污物,63℃条件下烘干120min至内表面完全干燥;
(2)灌注涂料
烘干后1.5min内,转移筒形件至真空室内,安装在工作平台上,灌注涂料至筒形件内,使液面超过指定高度;此时,涂料与筒形件内表面接触,空气被封闭在孔洞内;其中,涂料选择为常规市售的耐400℃高温的溶剂型涂料,且涂料粘度80s~90s;
(3)抽真空处理
封闭真空室,抽真空使真空室内负压至0.15~0.20MPa,并保压1min;此过程中随着负压增大,被封闭在孔洞内的空气逸出,并迅速排出至涂料液面外,与此同时涂料迅速进入并填满孔洞;
(4)排出涂料并平卧零件
停止抽真空,并向真空室内缓慢放入空气,倒出筒形件内的涂料,旋转工作平台使得筒形件平卧,至涂料不再滴落;
(5)零件高速自转
启动工作平台内置的调速电机,通过电机轴上的卡扣卡紧筒形件底部进而带动筒形件沿自身轴线高速自转,自转速率为300r/min,筒形件内表面附着的涂料在离心力作用下,均匀附着在筒形件内表面,并最终彻底封闭孔洞,至筒形件内表面附着的涂料表干至完全失去流动性后,停止自转、取出;
(6)涂料固化
按照常规的涂料室温固化工艺要求,进行涂料固化。
经检测,本例中所制备的涂料涂层平整且厚度均匀,其内表面的涂层厚度均匀性优于±5μm;另取本例中经涂料固化后所得的筒形件在涂料固化后,于室温中保存5.5h,之后立即放入温度为360℃的烘箱内保温15min进行观察,得知:其涂层内表面外观无异常,无气泡、鼓包、开裂等现象。

Claims (4)

1.一种筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,其特征在于:
(1)零件前处理
去除筒形件内表面的油脂及其它污物,烘干;
(2)灌注涂料
转移零件至真空室内,涂料灌注入零件筒内,使液面超过指定高度;
(3)抽真空处理
抽真空至负压0.05~0.30MPa,并保压至少1min;
(4)排出涂料并平卧零件
向真空室内缓慢放入空气,倒出零件筒内的涂料,并使零件平卧,至涂料不再滴落;
(5)零件高速自转
通过电机带动零件沿轴线高速自转,至表面附着的涂料失去流动性为止;
(6)涂料固化;
所述零件高速自转为通过电机轴上安装的卡扣卡紧筒形件底部进而带动筒形件沿自身轴线高速自转;
所述筒形件多孔内表面的孔隙直径范围为0.5~50μm;
所述步骤(5)中所述高速自转的自转速率≥300r/min。
2.如权利要求1所述筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,其特征在于:所述涂料选择为溶剂型涂料,且粘度小于等于90s。
3.如权利要求1或2任一所述筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中所述烘干,具体操作是将零件置于60℃条件下烘干100min。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述筒形件多孔内表面涂料涂覆方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中所述涂料固化,采用常规的室温固化或加热固化。
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