TW201317014A - 吸入器 - Google Patents

吸入器 Download PDF

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TW201317014A
TW201317014A TW101126892A TW101126892A TW201317014A TW 201317014 A TW201317014 A TW 201317014A TW 101126892 A TW101126892 A TW 101126892A TW 101126892 A TW101126892 A TW 101126892A TW 201317014 A TW201317014 A TW 201317014A
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liquid material
inhaler
composite
liquid
carrier plate
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赫爾穆特 布赫貝格
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貝馬克有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/42—Cartridges or containers for inhalable precursors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/44—Wicks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/46—Shape or structure of electric heating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/48—Fluid transfer means, e.g. pumps
    • A24F40/485—Valves; Apertures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A61M11/042—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0001—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof
    • A61M15/0021—Mouthpieces therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/06—Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1075—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature
    • A61M16/109—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature the humidifying liquid or the beneficial agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/142—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase with semi-permeable walls separating the liquid from the respiratory gas
    • A61M16/145—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase with semi-permeable walls separating the liquid from the respiratory gas using hollow fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/10—Devices using liquid inhalable precursors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/12—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/58—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision
    • A61M2205/583—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by visual feedback
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8206—Internal energy supply devices battery-operated

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Abstract

本發明涉及一種吸入器，其作用是透過蒸發液態材料(18)及必要時將所產生的蒸汽冷凝，以形成蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠，此種吸入器具有：一電加熱元件，其作用是將一份液態材料(18)蒸發；一具有毛細結構的燈芯，這個燈芯與加熱元件構成一複合體(10)，並主動供應液態材料(18)給加熱元件；一承載板(11)，而且最好是印刷電路板，其作用是承載複合體(10)，並讓加熱元件在其上形成電接觸；一至少部分由承載板(11)構成的毛細間隙(16)，其作用是主動供應液態材料(18)給複合體(10)，其中燈芯的一個尾端伸入毛細間隙(16)；一裝有液態材料(18)的液體容器(19)，毛細間隙(16)從這個容器吸取液態材料(18)。為了達到緊密的結構，從垂直於承載板(11)的角度看過去，毛細間隙(16)從外面將液體容器(19)至少部分覆蓋住。

Description

吸入器
本發明涉及一種吸入器，其作用是透過蒸發液態材料及必要時將所產生的蒸汽冷凝，以形成蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠，此種吸入器具有：一電加熱元件，其作用是將一份液態材料蒸發；一具有毛細結構的燈芯，這個燈芯與加熱元件構成一複合體，並主動供應液態材料給複合體；一承載板，而且最好是印刷電路板，其作用是承載複合體，並讓加熱元件在其上形成電接觸；一至少部分由承載板構成的毛細間隙，其作用是主動供應液態材料給加熱元件，其中燈芯的一個尾端伸入毛細間隙；一裝有液態材料的液體容器，毛細間隙從這個容器吸取液態材料。
名詞定義：
在本專利申請案中所謂的”吸入裝置”涉及醫學及非醫學用的吸入裝置。這個名詞也涉及供給藥物及未經申報為藥物之物質的吸入裝置。此外，這個名詞還涉及吸煙用品及香煙替代用品，例如歐洲專利A24F47/00B揭示之用品，當然前提是這些用品是用來將蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠供應給使用者。”吸入裝置”也不應 對如何將所形成的蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠輸入使用者及/或使用者之體內造成任何限制。蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠可以被吸入肺部，但也可以只進到口腔，也就是不進入肺部。
所謂”毛細間隙”是指完全依靠其分界壁的毛細作用產生輸送液體之作用的間隙。燈芯、有包層的燈芯、或是有填充燈芯材料的通都不是毛細間隙。
雖然本文使用的是“複合體”一詞的單數形，但並不排除存在複數個複合體的情況。本發明的範圍明確包括具有複數個複合體的裝置。
WO 2010/045671(專利所有人Helmut Buchberger)揭示一種以間歇性、吸入同步、或吸氣同步之方式形成蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠的吸入器(第9至12圖及第17至18圖)，此種吸入器具有一個外殼3、一個位於外殼3內的小室21、以及一個讓環境空氣可以流入盒子21的通風口26，其中所形成的蒸汽在小室21內與從通風口26流入的空氣混合，因而形成蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠。此外，這種吸入器還包括一個具有毛細結構的燈芯，其中燈芯與加熱元件構成一個扁平形複合體22，並在一個蒸發過程結束後主動重新 將液態材料16供應給加熱元件。扁平形複合體22的兩個終端安放在兩個導電的盤形接點23上，加熱元件在這兩個接點的表面上同時被電接通。盤形接點也可以是由印刷電路板或一個共同的印刷電路板構成。扁平形複合體至少有一個加熱段是以無接觸方式設置在小室21內，同時燈芯在這個段落的毛細結構至少在扁平形複合體的一個面24上是露空的。扁平形複合體22及/或其燈芯的一個尾端伸入一個毛細間隙41，這個毛細間隙與裝有液態材料16的液體容器4毛細連結及/或可以毛細連結。液體容器4具有一個可打開的鎖栓18，這個鎖栓在使用前是鎖上的。使用者可以徒手將可打開的鎖栓18打開，使液態材料16流入一個儲液槽45，並將毛細間隙41潤濕。毛細間隙41從液體容器4及/或儲液槽45吸入液態材料16，並將液態材料16運送到複合體22。毛細間隙41是由兩個盤形接點23中的一個接點及一個平放在這個接點上的上端部分42構成。此外，盤形接點23內設有一個通氣道52，其將儲液槽45及/或液體容器4與小室21連接在一起。通氣道52形成一個壓力平衡，其中進入毛細間隙41的每一份液態材料16都直接被一份體積相同的空氣取代。
從第9圖可以看出，液體容器4位於承載複合體22的盤形接點23上方。這種配置方式是非常佔據空間的，因此會使吸入器的尺寸變得相當大。另外一個缺點 是，毛細間隙41的平面範圍受到很大的限制，導致毛細間隙的垂直位置會因為作用於其內的液體柱的重量在儲液槽45中出現負壓，因此必須靠通氣道52的毛細作用補償這個負壓。但如果通氣道52的毛細作用不再足以維持這個平衡狀態，液體容器4內的所有液態材料16就會面臨從毛細間隙41流出的危險。最重要的是，如果需要將複數個複合體排列在一起(參見第29圖)，及/或需要經由兩個分開設置的尾端段將灯芯浸潤，毛細間隙41就需要有足夠大的平面範圍，但這對於WO 2010/045671的裝置而言，是幾乎不可能實現的。
本發明的目的是消除以上提及之先前技術的缺點。本發明要將本文開頭提及的吸入器製作成相對而言較緊密的結構，以縮小其體積。另外還要使毛細間隙能夠具有較大的平面範圍。
採用具有申請專利範圍第1項之特徵的吸入器即可達到上述目的。根據這些特徵，從垂直於承載板的角度看過去，毛細間隙從外面將液體容器至少部分覆蓋住。在本發明中，即使在毛細間隙及液體容器之間還設有其他構件，也屬於此處所謂的”覆蓋”。由於構成毛細間隙的構件垂直於承載板，因此只需佔據很小的空間，這樣就可以明白本發明的裝置可以節省構造空間。
根據本發明的一種改良方式，從垂直於承載板的角度看過去，複合體將液體容器至少部分覆蓋住。在本發明中，即使在複合體及液體容器之間還設有其他構件，也屬於此處所謂的”覆蓋”。由於複合體通常是一種相當薄的構造物，因此透過複合體對液體容器的覆蓋可以進一步節省構造空間。
根據本發明的一種特別有利的實施方式，承載板至少有部分段落是安放在液體容器上。因此液體容器及承載板是上下疊在一起。一種特別有利的構造方式是液體容器的形狀基本上是正方形，同時承載板至少有部分段落是安放在正方形液體容器的一個側面上。這樣就可以充分利用可供使用的構造空間。承載板較佳是由印刷電路板構成，尤其是由所謂的多層印刷電路板構成。這樣就可以將讓電流流進及流出的線路分配到多個層，因此即使是很大的加熱電流也可以無損耗的被輸送。
本發明還包括一種吸入裝置，此吸入裝置具有一個如前面所述之本發明的吸入器。因此吸入器可以只是吸入裝置的一個組成部分，尤其是一個可更換的組成部分。
以下配合圖式及實施例對本發明的內容做進一步的說明。
第1圖顯示本發明的一個吸入裝置，其形狀及大小讓吸入裝置的使用者可以很容易且舒適的操作。吸入裝置的體積大約只有一個香煙盒的一半。這個作為例子的吸入裝置基本上是由兩個部分構成，也就是由一個吸入構件1及一個吸入器2構成。
吸入器2是由外殼3構成，在外殼3的一個端面上有一個煙斗狀的濾嘴4。外殼3最好是以塑膠製成。吸入器2含有一種液態材料，這種液態材料會在外殼3內被電熱蒸發，因而形成可吸入的蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠。所形成的蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠是經由濾嘴4被使用者吸入。基本上所有在大氣條件下可以完全被蒸發的物質及調劑均可作為液態材料。如果將物質或調劑稀釋，例如溶解在水及/或乙醇中稀釋，同時所形成的溶液可以完全被蒸發，則亦視為符合這個條件。只要放到易揮發的溶劑(例如水及/或乙醇)中進行足夠的稀釋，也可以使不易蒸發的物質符合前面提及的條件，並避免或大幅降低液態材料的熱分解。經過冷凝產生的氣溶膠微粒的質量中位數氣動直徑(MMAD)通常小於2μm，因此也能夠到達肺泡。本發明的吸入裝置特別適於用來提供系統作用物質，尤其是主 要作用是針對中樞神經系統的生物合成物質。例如尼古丁，其沸點為246℃。含有尼古丁的氣溶膠微粒主要是沉積到支氣管及肺泡，生物合成物質在此處會如同閃電般快速的進入人體的血液循環。幾秒鐘之後相當高濃度的尼古丁就會到達腦部，並對腦部造成影響。
吸入構件1是由一個最好也是塑膠製成的主外殼5構成。主外殼5具有至少一個電池6及一個包括開關7a在內的電路7(在第1圖中以虛線表示)。電池6及電路7供應蒸發液體材料所需的電能。電池6最好是一種可重複充電的蓄電池，例如CGR18650K型蓄電池(製造商Panasonic，www.industrial.panasonic.com)。這是一種尺寸18650的圓柱形鋰離子電池，蓄電量1650mAh，電流負載能力最高達30A。其他的製造商，例如Sony、Samsung、LG Chem也有量產類似的電池。
在第2圖顯示的具體實施例中，吸入構件1及吸入器2是可以分開的。這種配置方式使吸入構件可以被重複使用，這樣做是有利的，第一個理由是吸入構件1與液態材料並無接觸，也就是說不會被液態材料污染，第二個理由是吸入構件1的元件的使用壽命比吸入器2的元件要長。在液態材料用完後，使用者即可按正確的方式將整個吸入器2清除，然後裝上新的吸入器。就這方面而言，吸入器2是一種可更換的一次性用品。按正確 的方式清除吸入器2是很重要的，尤其是在液態材料含有藥品或毒性物質(例如尼古丁)的情況下。原則上當然也可以將吸入構件1及吸入器2製作成一個整體，也就是說彼此無法分開。但是這種實施方式並不經濟，因為在這種情況下，吸入裝置的所有零件及元件(也就是整個吸入裝置)都變成只能使用一次的一次性用品。當然本發明的範圍也包括這種實施方式，但是在這種情況下應將整個吸入裝置理解成吸入器。
可更換的吸入器2及可重複使用的吸入構件1之間的機械連結是經由插接片8a及外殼3上的導向凸緣9a所形成，插接片8a及導向凸緣9a可嵌入在可重複使用的吸入構件1的主外殼5上形成的與其搭配的插孔8b及導向槽9b。插接片8a及插孔8b的另一個作用是將電能導入可更換的吸入器2，以便將液態材料蒸發，此部分將在本文後面詳細說明。
第3a及3b圖顯示可更換的吸入器的不同視圖。第4圖至第9圖是用於說明吸入器2的內部構造。吸入器2的外殼3的形狀基本上是一個正方形。形成蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠的主要元件位於正方形外殼3內。這些元件包括將液態材料蒸發的複合體10。根據一個具體的實施例，共有6個並排在一起的複合體10，而且這些複合體的形狀都是扁平的。每一個扁平形複合 體10都是由一個灯芯及一個電加熱元件構成，其中燈芯及電加熱元件彼此平面連接或是平面結合。例如可以由一個金屬膜及燒結在其上的金屬網襯面構成扁平形複合體10。也可以用帶有開放氣孔的金屬泡沫取代金屬網。燒結在金屬膜上的金屬網襯面或金屬泡沫的帶有開放氣孔的毛細結構構成燈芯，金屬的電阻構成加熱元件。例如材料編號AISI 304或AISI 316的高級鋼及熱敏電阻合金(尤其是NiCr合金)都是適當的金屬電阻材料。這種扁平形複合體10的製造屬於先前技術，例如WO 2010/045671(專利所有人Helmut Buchberger)有揭示詳細的製造方法。
如第4b圖及第7圖所示，扁平形複合體10的兩個尾端段10a，10b安放在承載板11上。承載板11具有一個很大的缺口12，複合體10跨越這個缺口12，而且未與其接觸。在具體的實施例中，承載板11是一個印刷電路板，尤其是多層印刷電路板。原則上所有已知的印刷電路板材料，尤其是材料型號FR1至FR5，均可作為製造印刷電路板11的材料。扁平形複合體10的尾端段10a，10b與印刷電路板11的線路13電接通。第7圖中的黑色面積部分就是線路13。如果是前面描述的金屬膜複合體，則較佳是透過金屬膜的焊接(必要時可先用焊劑進行預處理)形成電接觸。例如可以用型號為“5050S-Nirosta”的濃縮焊料(製造商：Stannol GmbH， www.stannol.de)焊接AISI304及AISI316等級的高級綱。另外一種形成電接觸的方法是利用導電黏著劑形成黏著劑接合，例如使用以環氧化物為基的含銀黏著劑。印刷電路板工業使用的製造方法能夠以全自動的方式將印刷電路板11及扁平形複合體10配置在一起，並形成二者之間的電接觸，這種方法亦可用於大量製造。
如前面所述，印刷電路板11上的插接片8a從外殼3向外突出。兩個插接片8a的一個作用是將電能導入吸入器2。電能經由線路13進入複合體10。根據第7圖，印刷電路板11的正面11a及背面11b均設有線路13，其中正面11a是安裝面，也就是與複合體10接觸的那一面。也可以選擇性的在中間層中配置其他的線路。先前技術是以所謂的壓力接觸方式使各個線路層彼此連接。第7圖有繪出電流通過路線。在這個具體的實施例中，每3個複合體10彼此串接在一起。因此能夠對所產生的加熱電阻、加熱功率及蒸發速率產生一定程度的影響。也可以使6個複合體10分別具有不同大小的電阻，例如金屬膜的厚度隨電阻大小作相應的變化。透過這個措施，使蒸發過程像在香煙裡一樣可以根據現場的情況改變。
在印刷電路板11的正面11a上有一個盤狀且較佳是以塑膠製成的上部構件14(見第4c圖及第8至10圖)。 上部構件14帶有一個空隙15，這個空隙的大小及配置方式均與印刷電路板11上的缺口12相配合。在最簡單的情況下，上部構件14直接安放在扁平氣複合體10的尾端段10a，10b上。因此上部構件14與印刷電路板11共同構成一個毛細間隙16，其淨寬度或間隙寬度基本上相當於扁平形複合體10的厚度(見第9圖及第10圖)。毛細間隙16的典型間隙寬度是0.2mm。第4d圖中的黑色區域是毛細間隙16的平面範圍。上部構件14被黏合固定在印刷電路板11上，而且是經由兩個凸起14a，14b及一個支撐角材17。
印刷電路板11的背面11b安放在裝有液態材料18的液體容器19上(見第4a/4b圖，第8圖及第10圖)。液體容器19及/或其壁面是由外殼3構成，且形狀為正方形。印刷電路板11較佳是以黏合方式固定在液體容的壁面上。工廠在製造過程的最後階段，較佳是利用插管及配料單元液體容器19經由液體容器壁面(未繪出)上的一個小孔將液態材料18裝到液體容器19內。
液體容器19的底端具有兩個彼此很靠近的孔洞，也就是進料孔20及通風孔21(見第5圖，第6圖及第9圖)。進料孔20對應一個穿透孔22，其中穿透孔22是由印刷電路板11的邊緣及液體容器壁面的一個凸起23構成(見第6圖及第9圖)。凸起23同時構成一個對上部構件 14的止檔。凸起23經由一個橋形接片24支撐在外殼3上。液態材料18經由進料孔20及穿透孔22流入毛細間隙16，並被作用在毛細間隙16中的毛細力驅動。為了使毛細力能夠產生作用，液態材料18需將整個表面很好的潤濕。為了確保這一點，相關的元件(包括液體容器19，印刷電路板11及複合體10，上部構件14)在組裝之前應先經過親水化處理。例如以氧氣-電漿進行親水化處理及利用電漿聚合進行親水化處理均為適當的處理方式。例如Diener electronic GmbH u.Co.KG,www.plasma.de有提供這兩種處理方式的服務。此外，這家公司還有能力為客戶量身設計、製造及安裝大量生產所需的設備。
通風孔21對應一個設置在印刷電路板11上的通風槽25，其中通風槽25經由缺口12與一個處於大氣壓力下的內腔連通。通風孔21及通風槽25產生一個壓力平衡，其中進入毛細間隙16的每一份液態材料18都直接被一份體積相同的空氣取代。
印刷電路板11及液體容器19的重疊配置，以及前面所述的進料孔20、穿透孔22及通風孔的配置，使本發明的吸入器具有相當大的毛細面積，這對於要供應液態材料18給多個並排在一起的複合體10而言是必要的。同時可以有效防止液態材料在任何一個位置因為重 力作用的關係流出。在第8圖顯示的吸入器2的垂直位置中(一個箭頭標示重力的作用方向)，通風孔21內的壓力接近大氣壓力，因為以穿透孔22為準，毛細間隙16不再繼續向下延伸(比較第4d圖)。將吸入器2(濾嘴4朝下)倒放時，雖然毛細間隙16內的液體柱可能感應產生一個負壓，但是這個負壓卻不會反作用在液體容器18內的液態材料18，因為液體容器19內的一個氣墊會中斷毛細連接。工廠在將液態材料裝入液體容器19時只需讓小量的空氣體積26留在容器內，以形成氣墊即可。
在對本發明之吸入器的作用方式做進一步的說明之前，以下將先描述吸入器2的其他組成構件。即使這些組成構件對本發明可能並無直接的重要性，以下的描述對於理解本發明之吸入器的作用方式以及進一步確保本發明的可行性也會有所幫助：在上部構件14及外殼3之間有兩個開放氣孔且具有吸收能力的海綿27a，27b(見第4e圖及第10圖)。海綿之間的空間與空隙15共同構成一個小室28(比較第8圖)，蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠就是在這個小室中形成。海綿27a，27b吸收在其氣孔中由蒸汽相形成的冷凝沉積物，並防止在吸入器2內形成可自由移動的冷凝堆積物，以免吸入器的功能受到妨礙。從衞生觀點來看，這種冷凝堆積物也可能造成問題，尤其是當其經由濾嘴4進到使用者的口 腔時。海綿27a，27b較佳是由一種細氣孔的複合物構成。Filtrona Fibertec GmbH,www.filtronafibertec.com是一家製造這種纖維複合物的專業公司，不論是以甘油酸醋酸酯結合的醋酸纖維素纖維或熱結合的聚烯纖維及聚酯纖維為原料製作的纖維複合物，該公司都有生產。
海綿27a，27b安放在由U形支架29構成的角型材29a，29b上(第4e圖及第10圖)。支架29與上部構件14黏合在一起。包括角型材29a，29b在內的支架29較佳是由疏水性塑膠製成。疏水性材料具有阻水的作用，並能確保不會有液態材料18經由毛細作用流到海綿27a，27b。在與角型材29a，29b連接的支腳29c內面對上部構件14的那一個面上有一個凹陷30，這個凹陷30與上部構件14共同構成一個空氣噴嘴31(見第9圖及第10圖)。空氣噴嘴31的作用是環境空氣帶入小室28，此部分在本文後面有更詳細的說明。為了避免冷凝沉積物將空氣噴嘴31堵塞住，建議用一種薄的疏水性膠帶(未繪出)將位於空氣噴嘴31範圍內的上部構件14的表面貼住。
向吸入器2供應環境空氣，以形成蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠的工作是由外殼3構成的一個吸氣管32進行(見第3a/3b圖及第8圖)。吸氣管32位於吸入器2與濾嘴4相對而立的一個面上。這個位置主要是 為了防止雨水進入。在連接狀態下，吸入器2的吸氣管32會突出穿過一個由吸入裝置1的主外殼5構成的孔洞33(見第2圖)。在吸氣管32內有一個扼流器34。扼流器34的作用是產生一個與香煙類似的流動阻力，這樣當使用者在使用吸入器時就會感覺到一股類似於吸香煙時的抗吸阻力。具體而言，流量為1.05L/min時，流動阻力應在8-16mbar，並應盡可能具有線性特性。如果要將所形成的蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠像吸入香煙一樣吸入，也就是吸入口腔(吸入體積約20-80mL)，且必要時還吸入肺部，則扼流器34的存在是必要的。如果液態材料18含有尼古丁，則建議使用這種操作方式。但如果要以吸入裝置在一個步驟內直接完成吸入肺部的動作(絕大多數的醫療用吸入裝置都是如此)，則不需要有扼流器34。扼流器34較佳是由一種類似於香煙濾嘴的纖維複合物構成，其中材料的密度應與前面提及的流動特性配合。可以使用Filtrona Fibertec GmbH,www.filtronafibertec.com公司生產的材料。
以下將詳細描述吸入裝置的作用：使用者將一個新的吸入器2連接到一個可重複使用的吸入構件1。電路7登錄到這個連接，並伺動執行特定的準備動作，例如一或多個蒸發循環，以供應複合體10新鮮的液態材料18及/或形成穩定的條件。一旦這個操作結束，電路7就會透過適當的裝置(例如發光二極體)向吸入裝置發出 已準備就緒的信號。使用者將吸入裝置的濾嘴移動到嘴邊，並按下開關7a。因此而產生的負壓使環境空氣流入吸氣管32。在空氣通過扼流器34後，氣流會轉動90度(見第8圖及第9圖中的箭頭)，並流入一個充氣室35，空氣聚集在充氣室35中，然後均勻的流入縫隙狀的空氣噴嘴31。氣流在空氣噴嘴31內被加速，然後以很高的噴出速度流入小室28。
按下開關7a會使電路7接通加熱電流。加熱電流較佳是經由功率MOSFET被接通，其中輸入的功率可以經由一個責任週期(duty cycle)與需求匹配。在一定的限度內，使用者也可以經由一個界面實現這個匹配，使其能夠對所形成的氣溶膠量及/或煙氣量產生影響。加熱電流被接通一個預先設定的時間週期(“加熱週期”)，典型的時間週期是1.0-1.8秒。加熱電流經由插接片8a及印刷電路板11的線路13流入複合體10，使複合體10及儲存在燈芯中的液態材料18如同閃電般快速的被加熱，因而將液態材料18蒸發。蒸汽被噴送到小室28內，並與從空氣噴嘴31流入的空氣混合。空氣噴嘴31的配置及尺寸能夠使複合體達到均勻且快速的溢流。這樣就可以確保從複合體10釋出的蒸汽在任何地方都擁有幾乎相同的混合條件，同時蒸汽與空氣的混合是密切的。空氣會將蒸汽冷卻，因此還可以形成冷凝氣溶膠外，但前提是蒸發的液態材料18含有蒸汽壓足夠低的 物質(所謂的氣溶膠形成物質)。甘油是這種氣溶膠形成物質的一個典型的例子。
在這個實施例中，在小室28內形成的蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠在經由濾嘴4供使用者吸入之前，會先流經一個冷卻器36(見第4e圖及第8圖)。例如，冷卻器36可以是由具有氣孔的填充材料、絨毛類纖維材料、或開放氣孔的泡沫材料構成，而且蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠能夠通過這些材料的氣孔。冷卻器36也可以是一種多階段式的冷卻器，而且每一個冷卻階段都具有不同的特性。如果要蒸發的材料含有尼古丁，則一種有利的方式是，至少有一個冷卻階段的冷卻材料塗有一種適當的吸收劑(例如檸檬酸)。吸收劑會從流過的冷凝氣溶膠中將易揮發的尼古丁成分吸出，以免尼古丁成分進入口腔，然後沉積在咽喉，因為這不論是對藥理學或感覺器官而言都是不好的。此外也可以將芳香物質(例如薄荷醇)加到冷卻材料中。
例如，可以向Freudenberg Vliesstoffe KG,www.freudenberg-filter.com公司購得適當的絨毛類纖維材料。該公司的一種以Viledon®-Filtermatten為名銷售的材料(以聚酯纖維為原料製成)可以按照客戶的需求量身訂製，其材料特性可以調整到以其製成的產品能夠讓所形成的氣溶膠的最細微粒通過。例如從 DunlopEquipment,www.dunlop-equipment.com公司可以購得一種適當的泡沫材料。這家公司提供產品名稱為Retimet®(Grade 80)的Ni泡沫及NiCr泡沫，其孔隙率為90-95%，氣孔直徑約為300μm(圓盤形，最大厚度不超過15mm)。根據該公司代表的口頭告知，他們還可以提供比這個氣孔直徑更小一些的泡沫材料。另外還可以對金屬泡沫進行滾壓處理，使其變得更緊密。可以用雷射切割或線切割對所形成的圓片進一步加工。Ni泡沫及NiCr泡沫的特徵是強度大及耐高溫且抗氧化性強。這些特性指出，在吸入器2的使用期限結束時值得將相對較貴的金屬泡沫加以回收及再利用。如果液態材料18含有尼古丁，則原則上在將吸入器2賣給消費者時應收取適當的押金。以確保受尼古丁污染的冷卻器36、海綿27a，27b、以及液體容器19在使用過後大多數都會以合乎環保要求的方式被清除及再處理。
加熱週期快結束時，電路7會使開關7a停止作用數秒鐘。例如此時發光二極體會被點亮，以告知使用者開關被暫停作用，這樣做有其必要性，因為可以讓複合體有時間可以冷卻，並讓燈芯可以重新吸足液態材料18。最初是因為複合體10及/或燈芯的毛細作用感應產生液體的輸送。燈芯經由複合體的尾端段10a，10b從毛細間隙的分支16a，16b(見第4b圖及第10圖)吸入液態材料18。因此燈芯從兩邊被浸潤。從毛細間隙分支 16a，16b吸取液態材料18會在毛細間隙16內感應生成一個毛細壓力，這個毛細壓力會反作用在液體容器19上，使液態材料18能夠從液體容器18經由進行孔20及穿透孔22補注到毛細間隙16(見第4b圖中的箭頭)。與此同時，從液體容器19被吸取的液態材料的量會在壓力平衡中被等量的空間取代。壓力平衡是經由通風槽25及通風孔21產生。一旦複合體10及/或燈芯完全被液態材料19潤濕，吸入裝置就已準備好進行一個新的蒸發循環。
最後還要揭示液態材料18的一種含尼古丁的調劑，並將這種調劑的原型蒸發(見表1)。因此形成及供應的冷凝氣溶膠不論是從藥理學、藥效學或感覺器官的角度來看，都與吸傳統的香煙非常近似。所列出的所有的成分都會在吸香煙時出現。
此處要指出的是，本發明並不受限於以上描述之具有一或多個扁平形複合體10的實施例。也可以將複合體10製作成直線形或絲線形。複合體也不必一定要是平坦或直線式的，而是任何形狀都可以。此外，複合體也可以用任意方式彼此電接通。本發明還包括可以將液體容器19與外殼3分開的裝置，這樣當液體容器19變空的時候，就可以換上另一個液體容器。
1‧‧‧可重複使用的吸入構件
2‧‧‧可更換的吸入器
3‧‧‧外殼
4‧‧‧濾嘴
5‧‧‧主外殼
6‧‧‧電池
7‧‧‧電路
7a‧‧‧開關
8a‧‧‧插接片
8b‧‧‧插孔
9a‧‧‧導向凸緣
9b‧‧‧導向槽
10‧‧‧扁平形複合體
10a,10b‧‧‧複合體的尾端段
11‧‧‧承載板，印刷電路板，多層印刷電路板
11a‧‧‧印刷電路板的正面
11b‧‧‧印刷電路板的背面
12‧‧‧缺口
13‧‧‧線路
14‧‧‧上部構件
14a,14b‧‧‧凸起
15‧‧‧空隙
16‧‧‧毛細間隙
16a,16b‧‧‧毛細間隙的分支
17‧‧‧支撐角材
18‧‧‧液態材料
19‧‧‧液體容器
20‧‧‧進料孔
21‧‧‧通風孔
22‧‧‧穿透孔
23‧‧‧盤形接點
24‧‧‧橋形接片
25‧‧‧通風槽
26‧‧‧空氣體積，氣墊
27a,27b‧‧‧開放氣孔，具有吸收能力的海綿
28‧‧‧小室
29‧‧‧支架
29a,29b‧‧‧角型材
29c‧‧‧支腳
30‧‧‧凹陷
31‧‧‧空氣噴嘴
32‧‧‧吸氣管
33‧‧‧孔洞
34‧‧‧扼流器
35‧‧‧充氣室
36‧‧‧冷卻器
第1圖：本發明的吸入裝置的不同視圖。
第2圖：處於退連結狀態的如第1圖的吸入裝置，此吸入裝置具有一個可重複使用的吸入構件及一個可更換的吸入器。
第3a及3b圖：可更換的吸入器的不同視圖。
第4a，4b，4c，4d及4e圖：在不同組裝狀態下的可更換的吸入器沿著第3b圖中的A-A線的剖面圖。
第5圖：第4a圖之細部a的放大圖。
第6圖：第4b圖之細部b的放大圖。
第7圖：一個由多層印刷電路板構成的承載板。
第8圖：可更換的吸入器沿著第3b圖中的B-B線的剖面圖。
第9圖：第8圖之細部c的放大圖。
第10圖：可更換的吸入器在複合體之高度沿著第3b圖中的C-C線的剖面圖。
3‧‧‧外殼
4‧‧‧濾嘴
10‧‧‧扁平形複合體
12‧‧‧缺口
15‧‧‧空隙
17‧‧‧支撐角材
18‧‧‧液態材料
19‧‧‧液體容器
26‧‧‧空氣體積，氣墊
28‧‧‧小室
32‧‧‧吸氣管
34‧‧‧扼流器
36‧‧‧冷卻器

Claims (5)

  1. 一種吸入器，其作用是透過蒸發液態材料(18)及必要時將所產生的蒸汽冷凝，以形成蒸汽-空氣混合物及/或冷凝氣溶膠，此種吸入器具有：一電加熱元件，其作用是將一份液態材料(18)蒸發；一具有毛細結構的燈芯，該燈芯與該加熱元件構成一複合體(10)，並主動供應該液態材料(18)給該加熱元件；一承載板(11)，而且最好是一印刷電路板，其作用是承載該複合體(10)，並讓該加熱元件在其上形成電接觸；一至少部分由該承載板(11)構成的毛細間隙(16)，其作用是主動供應該液態材料(18)給該複合體(10)，其中該燈芯的一個尾端伸入該毛細間隙(16)；一裝有該液態材料(18)的液體容器(19)，該毛細間隙(16)從這個容器吸取該液態材料(18)，其特徵為：從垂直於該承載板(11)的角度看過去，該毛細間隙(16)從外面將該液體容器(19)至少部分覆蓋住。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的吸入器，其中：從垂直於該承載板(11)的角度看過去，該複合體(10)將該液體容器(19)至少部分覆蓋住。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的吸入器，其中：該承載板(11)至少有部分段落是安放在該液體容器(19)上。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的吸入器，其中：該液體容器(19)的形狀基本上是正方形，同時該承載板(11)至少有部分段落是安放在正方形液體容器的一個側面上。
  5. 一種吸入裝置，具有如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項所述的吸入器(2)。
TW101126892A 2011-07-27 2012-07-26 吸入器 TW201317014A (zh)

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PL3023017T3 (pl) 2018-06-29
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AR087370A1 (es) 2014-03-19
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US20170173278A1 (en) 2017-06-22
US20140202454A1 (en) 2014-07-24
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WO2013013808A1 (de) 2013-01-31
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