US20050194013A1 - Hydrated lime tobacco smoke filter - Google Patents
Hydrated lime tobacco smoke filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050194013A1 US20050194013A1 US10/790,008 US79000804A US2005194013A1 US 20050194013 A1 US20050194013 A1 US 20050194013A1 US 79000804 A US79000804 A US 79000804A US 2005194013 A1 US2005194013 A1 US 2005194013A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- tobacco
- hydrated lime
- fibrous
- tobacco smoke
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 34
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical class [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000000461 Esophageal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010030155 Oesophageal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000004101 esophageal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001120493 Arene Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to a multi-sectioned filter for reducing the level of toxic constituents such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and the like that are drawn into the filter during the smoking of a tobacco product or tobacco article.
- Tobacco smoke is produced during the burning of a tobacco product such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, and a tobacco article such as cigarette and cigar holders, and tobacco pipes.
- a tobacco product such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos
- a tobacco article such as cigarette and cigar holders, and tobacco pipes.
- the long-term harmful effects of tobacco smoke are well known. For instance, cigarette smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer, and the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States. Worldwide, lung cancer kills over one million people each year. Tobacco smoke contains over 60 carcinogens. These chemicals represent approximately 7 chemical classes (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, N-nitrosamines, aromatic and heterocyclic aromatic amines, aldehydes, organic compounds, and inorganic compounds).
- TSNAs Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
- TSNAs are a class of known carcinogens that are formed during the curing, processing, fermentation, and combustion of tobacco.
- TSNAs have been identified in cigarette tobacco, tobacco smoke, environmental tobacco smoke, smokeless tobacco and other tobacco products such as cigars and bidi cigarettes.
- the TSNAs show the highest concentration of any group of strong carcinogens in mainstream cigarette smoke.
- NNN is measured at 0.3 to 89 ⁇ g/g (microgram per gram) in processed tobacco, at 0.12 to 3.7 ⁇ g per cigarette in mainstream smoke and at 0.15 to 1.7 ⁇ g per cigarette in sidestream smoke.
- NNK is measured at 0.2 to 7 ⁇ g/g in processed tobacco, at 0.08 to 0.77 ⁇ g per cigarette in mainstream smoke and at 0.2 to 1.4 ⁇ g per cigarette in sidestream smoke.
- Information on levels of TSNAs in cigarette tobacco filler is relevant to levels of TSNAs in tobacco smoke.
- Exposure to TSNAs from tobacco products is confirmed by their detection in a variety of biological samples. An extensive body of scientific evidence spanning about three decades provides clear evidence that TSNAs are an important group of potent carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke.
- TSNA TSNA-induced cancer
- NNK one carcinogen likely to play a role in human tobacco-induced lung cancer.
- NNN occurs in greater concentrations in cigarette smoke than any other esophageal carcinogen. Smoking is also a cause of esophageal cancer and is responsible for 70-80% of esophageal cancer deaths in the United States.
- Conventional cigarettes are generally composed of two sections—a tobacco-containing portion generally referred to as the tobacco or cigarette rod, and a filter portion which is typically referred to as the filter tipping.
- the filter portion for tobacco smoking products such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, as well as smoking articles such as cigarette and cigar holders and tobacco pipes have been developed for reducing the content of toxic constituents in a stream of tobacco smoke, with mouthpieces containing filter materials for removing part of the nicotine and tar substances without substantially filtering out the aroma substances.
- filters for tobacco smoke have been proposed as suitable filters for tobacco smoke in order to reduce exposure to toxic tobacco smoke constituents.
- filter materials are typically composed of cellulose, cellulose acetates, polyethylene, crepe, paper, or active carbon.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,591,839 to Meyer et al. discloses a filter material composed of ground expanded clay and zeolite for reducing harmful substances in tobacco smoke.
- the expanded clay is synthetically produced using natural raw or crude clay that is shaped into small, round pieces and subsequently burned in a furnace. The small round pieces are first caused to expand in the course of the burning process under heat, and the surfaces of the small spheres of clay are then slightly sintered (melted). The interior of the small spheres has a porous structure with numerous air inclusions. The expanded clay is thereafter ground.
- none of the aforementioned prior art systems provide a filter for a tobacco smoking product or tobacco smoking article that effectively reduces the level of toxic constituents in the tobacco smoke stream prior to delivery to the smoker.
- the prior art also lacks such a filter that incorporates a non-toxic, non-combustible and inorganic material such as calcium hydroxide, or such a filter whose physical characteristics optimizes its filtration action.
- a filter which includes at least one section of calcium hydroxide, i.e., hydrated lime, for the efficient and effective absorption of toxic constituents from the stream of tobacco smoke prior to delivery to the smoker.
- a multi-sectioned filter for a tobacco product or article that incorporates at least substrate of hydrated lime filter section for effectuating the removal of toxic constituents such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and the like from a stream of tobacco smoke that are drawn into the filter section.
- Hydrated lime chemically known as calcium hydroxide, calcium hydrate or caustic lime
- quicklime calcium or magnesium oxide
- Hydrated lime is suitable for a wide range of applications including: the treatment of potable water, waste water and municipal sludge, as a chemical process additive; the stabilization of toxic waste for site remesiation and various construction uses including soil stabilization and anti-stripping in asphalt mixes.
- Both relative activity of the quicklime and the temperature of the hydrating water will determine the surface area of the resulting hydrated lime.
- the chemical activity of hydrated lime is dependent upon particle size, and the smaller the crystal size the greater the surface area of the hydrated lime.
- a multi-sectioned filter for removing toxic constituents from a stream of tobacco smoke produced by tobacco products, the filter including first and second filter sections composed of a filter plug material, and a third filter section composed of a non-fibrous, inorganic material.
- the non-fibrous, inorganic material comprises hydrated lime.
- the hydrated lime preferably has a surface area of about 10-85 m 2 /g, a mean particle diameter of about 1.7-10 micrometers and a pore volume of about 0.1-0.25 cc/g.
- the hydrated lime may also be produced in the form of a paste, powder or granule.
- a multi-sectioned filter which includes first and second filter sections composed of a fibrous plug material; and a third filter section positioned between the first and second filter sections, the third filter section being composed of a hydrated lime material capable of absorbing toxic constituents contained in a stream of tobacco smoke produced as a result of the tobacco smoke being drawn through the multi-sectioned filter.
- the first, second and third filter sections are positioned in tandem and circumscribed by a plug wrap.
- a multi-sectioned cigarette filter including a plurality of fibrous filter plug filter sections and a plurality of calcium hydroxide filter sections capable of absorbing toxic constituents contained in a stream of tobacco smoke.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show longitudinal sectional views of a cigarette having a filter in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic view of a cigarette made in accordance with the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show in a preferred embodiment of the invention a cigarette 10 including a tobacco section 20 and a filter section 30 .
- the tobacco section 20 is typically filled with a smokable material such as tobacco 21 .
- Tipping paper 40 is wrapped around the periphery of the filter section 30 and a portion of the tobacco section 20 to complete the cigarette construction.
- the tipping paper 40 may be provided with a plurality of holes (not shown) for introducing air into the tobacco smoke stream as the smoke is drawn through the filter section 30 .
- the tobacco section 20 preferably has a length ranging from about 35 mm to about 85 mm, and a circumference of about 17 mm to about 27 mm.
- Tobacco sections 20 having short lengths may be employed in accordance with the invention.
- the filter section 30 preferably has a length ranging from about 15 mm to about 40 mm, and a circumference of about 17 mm to about 27 mm.
- the filter section 30 is of a multi-sectioned type that includes a first filter plug 31 positioned at a first end of the filter section 30 which abuts the tobacco section 20 , a second filter plug 32 positioned at the “mouth-end” of the filter section 30 , a third section 33 composed of a porous substrate of a non-fibrous, inorganic material that is positioned between the first and second filter plugs 31 , 32 , and a plug wrap 34 circumscribed about the filter section 30 for maintaining the structural integrity of the filter section 30 .
- first and second filter plugs 31 , 32 are situated at the inner most (i.e., adjacent to the tobacco section 20 ) and outermost (i.e., at the “mouth-end”) sections of the filter section 30 .
- the multi-sectioned filter section 30 may also include a plurality of fibrous filter plug sections 31 and a plurality of non-fibrous filter sections 32 .
- non-fibrous filter sections account for at least 50% of the entire filter section 30 .
- the filter plugs 31 , 32 are preferably composed of a filamentary or fibrous material. More preferably, each filter plug 31 , 32 may be made, as is known in the art, from a variety of materials, such materials commonly being cellulose, cellulose acetate tow, paper, cotton, polypropylene web, polypropylene tow, polyester tow or combinations thereof. Moreover, at least one of the filter plugs may contain additive materials and/or flavoring agents.
- the non-toxic filter material of the third filter section 33 is preferably a commercial grade of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), i.e., hydrated lime, that may also be of food grade quality in accordance with any standards established by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA).
- the hydrated lime may preferably take the form of any one of pastes, granules, beads and/or powders for incorporation into the filter section 33 .
- the filter material 31 lacks additive materials, additives and flavoring agents may be incorporated therein to provide a more consumer-acceptable filter section 33 .
- the non-fibrous material, i.e., calcium hydroxide, contained in the non-fibrous filter section serve to absorb toxic constituents contained in the tobacco smoke stream and thereby significantly reduce the level of toxic constituents prior to delivery to the smoker.
- hydrated lime having favorable physical properties such as high surface area, high porosity, and small particle size may be used in accordance with the invention. More preferably, such hydrates may be characterized by having surface areas in the range of about 10-85 m 2 /g, mean particle diameters of about 1.7-10 micrometers, pore volumes in the range of about 0.1-0.25 cc/g, and crystallite sizes of greater than about 200 Angstroms.
- ventilating the filter portion 30 in accordance with conventional methods known in the art may also optimize the desired filtering action.
- the hydrated lime in accordance with the invention is commercially available at a number of sources, such as Mississippi Lime of Alton, Ill.
- the cigarette 10 is used by lighting one end of the tobacco section 20 , which produces tobacco smoke as a result of the combustion of the tobacco-filled tobacco section.
- the smoker inhales to combine with the heat from combustion toxic constituents such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides that are drawn longitudinally from the tobacco section 20 to the filter section 31 as indicated by the arrows shown in FIG. 3 .
- toxic constituents such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides that are drawn longitudinally from the tobacco section 20 to the filter section 31 as indicated by the arrows shown in FIG. 3 .
- the hydrated lime contained therein absorbs at least the tar and nicotine from the tobacco smoke stream before passing to the fibrous filter section 32 .
- Such a configuration is ascetically pleasing insofar as the filter section(s) composed of hydrated lime is not exposed to the smoker.
- a significant portion of the smoke stream from the cigarette 10 is filtered first through the inner fibrous filter section(s) and then the hydrated lime filter section(s) prior to its passing through the outer fibrous filter section(s) 32 and subsequent delivery to the smoker.
- Such a design facilitates the reduction of toxic constituents before the outermost fibrous filter section is exposed to the smoke stream, and thus, gives the smoker a significantly filtered smoke stream. This is advantageous in producing a tobacco smoke stream that is predominately free of toxic constituents, thereby reducing the risk of exposure of the smoker to illnesses derived from the combustion of tobacco.
- Incorporating hydrated lime as one of the filtering materials is also advantageous since it is a non-toxic, non-combustible and inorganic material that makes the production of such filters more economically and environmentally attractive.
- An even more advantageous feature of the invention is the physical characteristics of hydrated lime, particularly its porosity and non-fibrous quality, help facilitate the optimization of a filtration action, thereby the efficient and effective absorption of toxic constituents.
- the filter plug sections and the non-fibrous filter section may each vary in length and diameter, relative to any dimensions specified herein and relative to each other.
- the various filter section dimensions may be optimized for a particular tobacco blend or for particular tobacco rod dimensions.
Abstract
A multi-sectioned filter section for reducing the content of toxic constituents contained in a stream of tobacco smoke. The multi-sectioned filter section is composed of at least one non-fibrous section and at least one fibrous plug section. The multi-sectioned filter section is adaptable for use in tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos and smoking articles such as tobacco pipes and cigarette and cigar holders.
Description
- The invention relates generally to a multi-sectioned filter for reducing the level of toxic constituents such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and the like that are drawn into the filter during the smoking of a tobacco product or tobacco article.
- Tobacco smoke is produced during the burning of a tobacco product such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, and a tobacco article such as cigarette and cigar holders, and tobacco pipes. The long-term harmful effects of tobacco smoke are well known. For instance, cigarette smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer, and the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States. Worldwide, lung cancer kills over one million people each year. Tobacco smoke contains over 60 carcinogens. These chemicals represent approximately 7 chemical classes (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arenes, N-nitrosamines, aromatic and heterocyclic aromatic amines, aldehydes, organic compounds, and inorganic compounds).
- Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are a class of known carcinogens that are formed during the curing, processing, fermentation, and combustion of tobacco. TSNAs have been identified in cigarette tobacco, tobacco smoke, environmental tobacco smoke, smokeless tobacco and other tobacco products such as cigars and bidi cigarettes. The TSNAs show the highest concentration of any group of strong carcinogens in mainstream cigarette smoke. NNN is measured at 0.3 to 89 μg/g (microgram per gram) in processed tobacco, at 0.12 to 3.7 μg per cigarette in mainstream smoke and at 0.15 to 1.7 μg per cigarette in sidestream smoke. NNK is measured at 0.2 to 7 μg/g in processed tobacco, at 0.08 to 0.77 μg per cigarette in mainstream smoke and at 0.2 to 1.4 μg per cigarette in sidestream smoke. Information on levels of TSNAs in cigarette tobacco filler is relevant to levels of TSNAs in tobacco smoke. An average of 9% (6.9 to 11%) of NNK transfers from tobacco to smoke when the tobacco is burned and this represents, on average, 32% (26 to 37%) of the NNK in smoke. Exposure to TSNAs from tobacco products is confirmed by their detection in a variety of biological samples. An extensive body of scientific evidence spanning about three decades provides clear evidence that TSNAs are an important group of potent carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke. People are exposed to TSNAs by using tobacco (smoking or oral) and by exposure to second hand or environmental tobacco smoke. Evidence is sufficient that the lung is a target of TSNA-induced cancer and that NNK is one carcinogen likely to play a role in human tobacco-induced lung cancer. NNN occurs in greater concentrations in cigarette smoke than any other esophageal carcinogen. Smoking is also a cause of esophageal cancer and is responsible for 70-80% of esophageal cancer deaths in the United States.
- Conventional cigarettes are generally composed of two sections—a tobacco-containing portion generally referred to as the tobacco or cigarette rod, and a filter portion which is typically referred to as the filter tipping. The filter portion for tobacco smoking products such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, as well as smoking articles such as cigarette and cigar holders and tobacco pipes have been developed for reducing the content of toxic constituents in a stream of tobacco smoke, with mouthpieces containing filter materials for removing part of the nicotine and tar substances without substantially filtering out the aroma substances.
- A wide variety of materials have been proposed as suitable filters for tobacco smoke in order to reduce exposure to toxic tobacco smoke constituents. Such filter materials are typically composed of cellulose, cellulose acetates, polyethylene, crepe, paper, or active carbon.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,591,839 to Meyer et al. discloses a filter material composed of ground expanded clay and zeolite for reducing harmful substances in tobacco smoke. The expanded clay is synthetically produced using natural raw or crude clay that is shaped into small, round pieces and subsequently burned in a furnace. The small round pieces are first caused to expand in the course of the burning process under heat, and the surfaces of the small spheres of clay are then slightly sintered (melted). The interior of the small spheres has a porous structure with numerous air inclusions. The expanded clay is thereafter ground.
- Heretofore, none of the aforementioned prior art systems provide a filter for a tobacco smoking product or tobacco smoking article that effectively reduces the level of toxic constituents in the tobacco smoke stream prior to delivery to the smoker. The prior art also lacks such a filter that incorporates a non-toxic, non-combustible and inorganic material such as calcium hydroxide, or such a filter whose physical characteristics optimizes its filtration action.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a multi-sectioned filter for reducing the level of toxic constituents such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and the like that are drawn into the filter during the smoking of a tobacco product.
- It is another object of the invention to provide such a filter that incorporates a non-toxic, non-combustible and inorganic material that makes the production of such filters more economically and environmentally attractive.
- It is an additional object of the invention to provide such a filter having physical characteristics that are porous and non-fibrous to thereby optimize filtration of the tobacco smoke before delivery to the smoker.
- It is yet another object of the invention to provide such a filter which includes at least one section of calcium hydroxide, i.e., hydrated lime, for the efficient and effective absorption of toxic constituents from the stream of tobacco smoke prior to delivery to the smoker.
- In accordance with these objects and the principles of the invention, provided herein is a multi-sectioned filter for a tobacco product or article that incorporates at least substrate of hydrated lime filter section for effectuating the removal of toxic constituents such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and the like from a stream of tobacco smoke that are drawn into the filter section.
- Hydrated lime, chemically known as calcium hydroxide, calcium hydrate or caustic lime, is produced when quicklime (calcium or magnesium oxide) is reacted with water in an atmospheric hydrator. Hydrated lime is suitable for a wide range of applications including: the treatment of potable water, waste water and municipal sludge, as a chemical process additive; the stabilization of toxic waste for site remesiation and various construction uses including soil stabilization and anti-stripping in asphalt mixes. Both relative activity of the quicklime and the temperature of the hydrating water will determine the surface area of the resulting hydrated lime. The chemical activity of hydrated lime is dependent upon particle size, and the smaller the crystal size the greater the surface area of the hydrated lime.
- Provided in an embodiment of the invention is a multi-sectioned filter for removing toxic constituents from a stream of tobacco smoke produced by tobacco products, the filter including first and second filter sections composed of a filter plug material, and a third filter section composed of a non-fibrous, inorganic material. In such an embodiment, the non-fibrous, inorganic material comprises hydrated lime. The hydrated lime preferably has a surface area of about 10-85 m2/g, a mean particle diameter of about 1.7-10 micrometers and a pore volume of about 0.1-0.25 cc/g. The hydrated lime may also be produced in the form of a paste, powder or granule.
- Also provided in another embodiment of the invention is a multi-sectioned filter which includes first and second filter sections composed of a fibrous plug material; and a third filter section positioned between the first and second filter sections, the third filter section being composed of a hydrated lime material capable of absorbing toxic constituents contained in a stream of tobacco smoke produced as a result of the tobacco smoke being drawn through the multi-sectioned filter. In accordance with this embodiment, the first, second and third filter sections are positioned in tandem and circumscribed by a plug wrap.
- In yet another embodiment of the invention, a multi-sectioned cigarette filter is provided including a plurality of fibrous filter plug filter sections and a plurality of calcium hydroxide filter sections capable of absorbing toxic constituents contained in a stream of tobacco smoke.
- These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the detailed drawings that show, for purposes of illustration only, the preferred embodiments of the invention.
- The advantages of the invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art in conjunction with the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, in which:
-
FIGS. 1 and 2 show longitudinal sectional views of a cigarette having a filter in accordance with the invention; and -
FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic view of a cigarette made in accordance with the invention. - Referring now to drawing
FIGS. 1 and 2 , which show in a preferred embodiment of the invention acigarette 10 including atobacco section 20 and afilter section 30. Thetobacco section 20 is typically filled with a smokable material such astobacco 21. Tippingpaper 40 is wrapped around the periphery of thefilter section 30 and a portion of thetobacco section 20 to complete the cigarette construction. The tippingpaper 40 may be provided with a plurality of holes (not shown) for introducing air into the tobacco smoke stream as the smoke is drawn through thefilter section 30. Thetobacco section 20 preferably has a length ranging from about 35 mm to about 85 mm, and a circumference of about 17 mm to about 27 mm. Tobaccosections 20 having short lengths (i.e., in a range of about 35 mm to about 50 mm), however, may be employed in accordance with the invention. Thefilter section 30 preferably has a length ranging from about 15 mm to about 40 mm, and a circumference of about 17 mm to about 27 mm. - As indicated in the representation shown in
FIG. 1 of the drawing figures, thefilter section 30 is of a multi-sectioned type that includes afirst filter plug 31 positioned at a first end of thefilter section 30 which abuts thetobacco section 20, asecond filter plug 32 positioned at the “mouth-end” of thefilter section 30, athird section 33 composed of a porous substrate of a non-fibrous, inorganic material that is positioned between the first andsecond filter plugs plug wrap 34 circumscribed about thefilter section 30 for maintaining the structural integrity of thefilter section 30. In accordance with the invention, it is preferred to situate the first and second filter plugs 31, 32 at the inner most (i.e., adjacent to the tobacco section 20) and outermost (i.e., at the “mouth-end”) sections of thefilter section 30. - As shown in drawing
FIG. 2 , themulti-sectioned filter section 30 may also include a plurality of fibrousfilter plug sections 31 and a plurality ofnon-fibrous filter sections 32. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, it is also preferable to situate the fibrous filter plugs 31 at the inner most (i.e., adjacent to the tobacco section 20) and outermost (i.e., at the “mouth-end”) sections of thefilter section 30. Moreover, in an effort to enhance the filtering action of themulti-sectioned filter 30, it is preferred that non-fibrous filter sections account for at least 50% of theentire filter section 30. - The filter plugs 31, 32 are preferably composed of a filamentary or fibrous material. More preferably, each
filter plug - The non-toxic filter material of the
third filter section 33 is preferably a commercial grade of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), i.e., hydrated lime, that may also be of food grade quality in accordance with any standards established by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA). The hydrated lime may preferably take the form of any one of pastes, granules, beads and/or powders for incorporation into thefilter section 33. While it is preferred that thefilter material 31 lacks additive materials, additives and flavoring agents may be incorporated therein to provide a more consumer-acceptable filter section 33. Accordingly, the non-fibrous material, i.e., calcium hydroxide, contained in the non-fibrous filter section serve to absorb toxic constituents contained in the tobacco smoke stream and thereby significantly reduce the level of toxic constituents prior to delivery to the smoker. - In another effort to optimize the overall filtration action of the
third filter section 33, hydrated lime having favorable physical properties such as high surface area, high porosity, and small particle size may be used in accordance with the invention. More preferably, such hydrates may be characterized by having surface areas in the range of about 10-85 m2/g, mean particle diameters of about 1.7-10 micrometers, pore volumes in the range of about 0.1-0.25 cc/g, and crystallite sizes of greater than about 200 Angstroms. Moreover, ventilating thefilter portion 30 in accordance with conventional methods known in the art may also optimize the desired filtering action. The hydrated lime in accordance with the invention is commercially available at a number of sources, such as Mississippi Lime of Alton, Ill. - The
cigarette 10 is used by lighting one end of thetobacco section 20, which produces tobacco smoke as a result of the combustion of the tobacco-filled tobacco section. Upon lighting thecigarette 10, the smoker inhales to combine with the heat from combustion toxic constituents such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides that are drawn longitudinally from thetobacco section 20 to thefilter section 31 as indicated by the arrows shown inFIG. 3 . As these toxic constituents come into contact with the non-fibrous filter section, the hydrated lime contained therein absorbs at least the tar and nicotine from the tobacco smoke stream before passing to thefibrous filter section 32. Such a configuration is ascetically pleasing insofar as the filter section(s) composed of hydrated lime is not exposed to the smoker. - Accordingly, when the
cigarette 10 is smoked, a significant portion of the smoke stream from thecigarette 10 is filtered first through the inner fibrous filter section(s) and then the hydrated lime filter section(s) prior to its passing through the outer fibrous filter section(s) 32 and subsequent delivery to the smoker. Such a design facilitates the reduction of toxic constituents before the outermost fibrous filter section is exposed to the smoke stream, and thus, gives the smoker a significantly filtered smoke stream. This is advantageous in producing a tobacco smoke stream that is predominately free of toxic constituents, thereby reducing the risk of exposure of the smoker to illnesses derived from the combustion of tobacco. Incorporating hydrated lime as one of the filtering materials is also advantageous since it is a non-toxic, non-combustible and inorganic material that makes the production of such filters more economically and environmentally attractive. An even more advantageous feature of the invention is the physical characteristics of hydrated lime, particularly its porosity and non-fibrous quality, help facilitate the optimization of a filtration action, thereby the efficient and effective absorption of toxic constituents. - It is apparent that innumerable variations of the preferred embodiments described hereinbefore may be utilized. For instance, the filter plug sections and the non-fibrous filter section may each vary in length and diameter, relative to any dimensions specified herein and relative to each other. Moreover, the various filter section dimensions may be optimized for a particular tobacco blend or for particular tobacco rod dimensions. However, these as well as other variations are believed to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as covered by the claims attached herein.
Claims (11)
1. A filter for removing toxic constituents from a stream of tobacco smoke produced by tobacco smoking products and tobacco smoking articles, said filter comprising at least one substrate of an inorganic material.
2. The filter of claim 1 , wherein said inorganic material is non-fibrous.
3. The filter of claim 2 , wherein said non-fibrous, inorganic material comprises hydrated lime.
4. The filter of claim 3 , wherein said hydrated lime has a surface area of about 10-85 m2/g.
5. The filter of claim 4 , wherein said hydrated lime has a mean particle diameter of about 1.7-10 micrometers.
6. The filter of claim 5 , wherein said hydrated lime has a pore volume of about 0.1-0.25 cc/g.
7. The filter of claim 3 , wherein said hydrated lime is in a form selected from the group consisting of granules, beads, paste and powder.
8. A multi-sectioned cigarette filter comprising:
first and second filter sections comprising a fibrous plug material; and
a third filter section positioned between said first and second filter sections, said third filter section comprising a hydrated lime material capable of absorbing toxic constituents contained in a stream of tobacco smoke produced as a result of the tobacco smoke being drawn through said multi-sectioned filter,
wherein said first, second and third filter sections are positioned in tandem and circumscribed by a plug wrap.
9. The filter of claim 8 , wherein said fibrous plug material is any one selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose acetate tow, paper, cotton, polypropylene web, polypropylene tow, polyester tow and combinations thereof.
10. The filter of claim 8 , wherein said first, second and third filter sections are circumscribed by a single plug wrap material.
11. A multi-sectioned cigarette filter comprising a plurality of fibrous filter plug filter sections and a plurality of calcium hydroxide filter sections capable of absorbing toxic constituents contained in a stream of tobacco smoke.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/790,008 US20050194013A1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2004-03-02 | Hydrated lime tobacco smoke filter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/790,008 US20050194013A1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2004-03-02 | Hydrated lime tobacco smoke filter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050194013A1 true US20050194013A1 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
Family
ID=34911508
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/790,008 Abandoned US20050194013A1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2004-03-02 | Hydrated lime tobacco smoke filter |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050194013A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2901871A1 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-05 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Multi-segment filter tube |
US20170197044A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2017-07-13 | Batmark Limited | Inhaler |
US10765147B2 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2020-09-08 | Batmark Limited | Aerosol forming component |
US10881138B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2021-01-05 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Heating smokeable material |
US10918820B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2021-02-16 | Batmark Limited | Inhaler component |
US11051551B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2021-07-06 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Heating smokable material |
US11083856B2 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2021-08-10 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Aerosol provision systems |
US11253671B2 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2022-02-22 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Inhaler component |
US11659863B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2023-05-30 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
US11672279B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2023-06-13 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Heating smokeable material |
US11744964B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2023-09-05 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Electronic aerosol provision system and vaporizer therefor |
US11896055B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2024-02-13 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Electronic aerosol provision systems |
US11924930B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2024-03-05 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
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US11896055B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2024-02-13 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Electronic aerosol provision systems |
US11659863B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2023-05-30 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
US11924930B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2024-03-05 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
US11744964B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2023-09-05 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Electronic aerosol provision system and vaporizer therefor |
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Legal Events
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |