JP4174551B2 - プレガバリン及び関連化合物の製造 - Google Patents
プレガバリン及び関連化合物の製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4174551B2 JP4174551B2 JP2007517522A JP2007517522A JP4174551B2 JP 4174551 B2 JP4174551 B2 JP 4174551B2 JP 2007517522 A JP2007517522 A JP 2007517522A JP 2007517522 A JP2007517522 A JP 2007517522A JP 4174551 B2 JP4174551 B2 JP 4174551B2
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 129
- AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N pregabalin Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](CN)CC(O)=O AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 title description 25
- 229960001233 pregabalin Drugs 0.000 title description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 62
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000006652 (C3-C12) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 160
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 17
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- PZGIWBPMOSUKEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-(1-cyano-3-methylbutyl)propanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C(CC(C)C)C#N)C(=O)OCC PZGIWBPMOSUKEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001589 carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- PZGIWBPMOSUKEV-JTQLQIEISA-N diethyl 2-[(1r)-1-cyano-3-methylbutyl]propanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C([C@@H](CC(C)C)C#N)C(=O)OCC PZGIWBPMOSUKEV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- VOPQXWXHHIIKRZ-MLWJPKLSSA-N (3s)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC1CNC(=O)[C@H]1C(O)=O VOPQXWXHHIIKRZ-MLWJPKLSSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WBQBMWWPFBMMOD-VIFPVBQESA-N ethyl (3s)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C[C@@H](C#N)CC(C)C WBQBMWWPFBMMOD-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910004373 HOAc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- TUGLWFFUHNPWGV-URIXSHMWSA-M potassium;(3s)-3-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCOC(=O)C(C([O-])=O)[C@@H](C#N)CC(C)C TUGLWFFUHNPWGV-URIXSHMWSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000000911 decarboxylating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000262 haloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000232 haloalkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000223258 Thermomyces lanuginosus Species 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- VILAVOFMIJHSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbon monoxide Chemical compound [C]=C=O VILAVOFMIJHSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- TVCCESHPAMPJPZ-URIXSHMWSA-M sodium;(3s)-3-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylhexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCOC(=O)C(C([O-])=O)[C@@H](C#N)CC(C)C TVCCESHPAMPJPZ-URIXSHMWSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHRWFZAGFWIERB-VEDVMXKPSA-N (3s)-3-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C(O)=O)[C@@H](C#N)CC(C)C JHRWFZAGFWIERB-VEDVMXKPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000006272 (C3-C7) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 0 *C(*)(CN1)C(C(O)=O)C1=O Chemical compound *C(*)(CN1)C(C(O)=O)C1=O 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004296 chiral HPLC Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010931 ester hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005114 heteroarylalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VIEBAHSWFNJHEW-FJXQXJEOSA-M potassium;(3s)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)C[C@H](C#N)CC([O-])=O VIEBAHSWFNJHEW-FJXQXJEOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006476 reductive cyclization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- AJNZWRKTWQLAJK-KLHDSHLOSA-N (2r,5r)-1-[2-[(2r,5r)-2,5-dimethylphospholan-1-yl]phenyl]-2,5-dimethylphospholane Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)P1C1=CC=CC=C1P1[C@H](C)CC[C@H]1C AJNZWRKTWQLAJK-KLHDSHLOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930194542 Keto Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 108010048733 Lipozyme Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SEQKRHFRPICQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)[NH2+]CC([O-])=O SEQKRHFRPICQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYXTWWCETRIEDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyrin Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCC)COC(=O)CCC UYXTWWCETRIEDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011942 biocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004446 heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013537 high throughput screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003406 indolizinyl group Chemical group C=1(C=CN2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FCCDDURTIIUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lipoamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 FCCDDURTIIUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003544 oxime group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005188 oxoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008057 potassium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006168 tricyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001834 xanthenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Description
の化合物又はその薬学的に許容できる複合体、塩、溶媒和物又は水和物を製造する方法を提供し、その方法は:
(a)式2:
(b)場合により、式1の化合物又はその塩を薬学的に許容できる複合体、塩、溶媒和物又は水和物へ変換する
ことを含んでなり、その際、式2のR1及びR2は式1で定義した通りである。
(a)式6:
(b)式7の化合物又はその塩を脱炭酸して、式1の化合物又はその塩を生成させ;そして
(c)場合により、式1の化合物又はその塩を薬学的に許容できる複合体、塩、溶媒和物又は水和物へ変換する
ことを含んでなり、その際、式6及び式7のR1及びR2は式1で定義した通りである。
(a)式8:
(b)場合により、式1の化合物又はその塩を、薬学的に許容できる複合体、塩、溶媒和物又は水和物へ変換する
ことを含んでなり、その際、式8のR1及びR2は式1で定義した通りであり、そして、式8のR5は、水素原子、C1〜12アルキル、C3〜12シクロアルキル、又はアリール−C1〜6アルキルである。
(a)式4:
(b)式3の化合物又はその塩を単離し;そして
(c)場合により、式5の化合物をラセミ化して、式4の化合物を生成させる
ことを含んでなり、その際、式4及び式5のR1、R2、及びR3は、式1及び式3で上に定義した通りであり、そして、式4及び式5のR4は、R3と同一であるか又は異なっていて、C1〜12アルキル、C3〜12シクロアルキル、又はアリール−C1〜6アルキルである。
R1及びR2は異なっていて、各々独立して、水素原子、C1〜12アルキル、C3〜12シクロアルキル、及び置換C3〜12シクロアルキルから選択され、但し、式2中のR1又はR2により表される置換基の一つのが水素原子である場合、他の置換基はメチルではなく;そして
R5及びR6は、水素原子、C1〜12アルキル、C3〜12シクロアルキル、又はアリール−C1〜6アルキルから独立して選択され、但し、R5及びR6は水素原子でないなら異なっている。
(a)式10:
(b)場合により、式9の化合物又はその塩を、薬学的に許容できる複合体、塩、溶媒和物又は水和物へ変換する
ことを含んでなる。
(a)式14:
(b)式15の化合物又はその塩を脱炭酸して、式9の化合物又はその塩を生成させ;そして
(c)場合により、式9の化合物又はその塩を、薬学的に許容できる複合体、塩、溶媒和物又は水和物へ変換する
ことを含んでなる。
(a)式16:
(b)場合により、式9の化合物又はその塩を、薬学的に許容できる複合体、塩、溶媒和物又は水和物へ変換する
ことを含んでなり、その際、式16のR5は、式8で上に定義した通りである。
(a)式12:
(b)式11の化合物又はその塩を単離し;そして
(c)場合により、式13の化合物をラセミ化して、式12の化合物を生成させる
ことを含んでなり、その際、式12及び式13中のR3は、上記式3で定義した通りであり、そして、式12及び式13中のR4は、R3と同一であるか又は異なっていて、C1〜12アルキル、C3〜12シクロアルキル、又はアリール−C1〜6アルキルである。
3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸、
(3S)−3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸、
(2S,3S)−3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸、
(2R,3S)−3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸、
3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸エチルエステル、
(R)−3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸エチルエステル、
4−イソブチル−2−オキソ−ピロリジン−3−カルボン酸、
(S)−4−イソブチル−2−オキソ−ピロリジン−3−カルボン酸、
3−シアノ−2−カルボキシ−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸、
(S)−3−シアノ−2−カルボキシ−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸、
3−アミノメチル−2−カルボキシ−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸及び
(S)−3−アミノメチル−2−カルボキシ−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸
から選択される化合物であって、その複合体、塩、溶媒和物又は水和物及び反対の鏡像体を含む化合物を提供する。
特に示さない限り、本開示は以下に提供される定義を使用する。いくつかの定義及び式は、原子間の結合、及び名称を付けた又は付けていない原子又は原子団への連結点を示すための線分(−)を含むことができる。他の定義及び式は、二重結合又は三重結合を示すために、それぞれ、等号(「=」)又は同一性記号(「≡」)を含むことができる。特定の式はまた、不斉(非対称又はキラル)中心を示すための、一つまたはそれより多くのアステリスク(「*」)も含むことができるが、アステリスクが存在しないことは、化合物が一つまたはそれより多くの立体中心を欠くことを示しているわけではない。こうした式は、ラセミ化合物又は個々の鏡像体又はジアステレオマーを指すことができ、それらは純粋又は実質的に純粋であっても、又はなくてもよい。
その全開示が参照により本明細書に取り込まれる、D. Yazbeck et al Synth. Catal. 345:524−32 (2003) に記載されている酵素スクリーニングを、96−ウェルプレートを使用して実施した。スクリーニングプレートで使用されたすべての酵素(表2を参照されたい)は、Amano(Nagoya, Japan), Roche(Basel, Switzerland), Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark), Altus Biologics Inc. (Cambridge, MA), Biocatalytics (Pasadena, CA), Toyobo (Osaka, Japan), Sigma−Aldrich (St. Louis, MO)及びFluka (Buchs, Switzerland) を含む、商業的酵素供給元から得た。スクリーニング反応は、Eppendorf Thermomixer−R (VWR) 中で実行した。続いての大規模酵素分割は、Novo−Nordisk A/S (CAS no. 9001-62-1) から入手可能な、LIPOLASE(登録商標) 100L及びLIPOLASE(登録商標)100T を用いた。
300MHz1H NMR及び75MHz13C NMRスペクトルは、5mmオートスィッチャブルPHQNPプローブを備えた、BRUKER 300 UltraShieldTM で得た。スペクトルは、一般にほぼRTで収集し、標準オートロック、オートシム及びオートゲインの日常の操作手順を用いた。1D実験については、試料を通常20Hzで回転させた。1H NMRスペクトルは、30度励起アングルパルス、1.0秒リサイクル遅延、及び0.25Hz/ポイントの分解能で16スキャン、を使用して収集した。収集幅は、典型的には、+18〜−2ppm(基準TMSを0ppm)の8000Hzであり、プロセシングは0.3Hzラインブロードニングであった。典型的な収集時間は5〜10秒であった。通常の13C NMRスペクトルは、30度励起アングルパルス、2.0秒リサイクル遅延、及び1Hz/ポイントの分解能で2048スキャン、を使用して収集した。収集幅は、典型的には、+235〜−15ppm(基準TMSを0ppm)の25kHzであった。プロトンデカップリングを連続的に適用し、プロセシングの間、1Hzラインブロードニングを適用した。典型的な収集時間は102分であった。
質量分析は、HP Chemstation Plus ソフトウェアーを使用し、HEWLETT PACKARD 1100MSDで実施した。LCは、Agilent 1100 クォータナリーLCシステム及びオートサンプラーとしてAgilent リキッドハンドラーを備えていた。データは、溶媒としてACN/水(0.1%ギ酸含有)(10%ACNから90%へ、7分)を用いる、エレクトロンスプレーイオン化で収集した。温度:プローブは350℃であり、イオン源は150℃であった。コロナ放電は陽イオンについて3000Vそして陰イオンについて3000Vであった。
高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)は、Agilent 220 HPLC オートサンプラー、クォータナリーポンプ及びUV検出器を備えた、シリーズ1100 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES 装置で実施した。LCは、HP Chemstation Plus ソフトウェアーを使用してPC制御されていた。順相キラルHPLC分離は、Chiral Technologies (Exton, PA) 及びPhenomenex (Torrance, CA) により得たChiral HPLC カラムを使用して実施した。
ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)は、電位計を有するFID検出器、7683 Series スプリット/スプリットレスキャピラリーインジェクター、4外部事象をモニターするリレーボード、及びインボードプリンター/プロッターを備えた、110ボルトAgilent 6890N ネットワークGCシステムで実施した。ジエステル(式13,R3=R4=Et)及びモノエステル(式11,R3=Et)の鏡像体過剰率は、ヘリウムキャリアガスを用い、135℃で、CHIRALDEX G−TA カラム (30m x 0.25mm) を使用して実施した。こうした条件下、モノエステルは分解して(S)−3−シアノ−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸エチルエステルを与え、そしてeeを、分解生成物に基づいて決定した。分析に使用されたキラルGCカラムは、Astec, Inc (Whippany, NJ) から得た。
オーバーヘッド攪拌機を備えた反応器(3.92L)に、酢酸カルシウム緩衝液(1.47L、100mM、pH7.0)及び(R/S)−3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸エチルエステル(式20、1kg)を加えた。混合物を1100RPMで5分攪拌し、KOH(5M)を加えてpHを7.0に調整した。LIPOLASE(登録商標)100L、タイプEX(75mL)を加え、生じた混合物は、加水分解の間、7.0のpHを維持するためにKOH(5M)で滴定した。反応の程度は、HPLC(C18カラム、4.6mmx150mm、200nmで検出)でモニターした。約42〜45%の変換に達した後(例えば、約20〜25時間後)、反応混合物を分液ロートへ移した。水性混合物をヘキサン(100%v/v)で抽出した。形成した淡い乳濁液を透明にするためEtOH(無水)を加え(約5%v/vまで)、水性及び有機層を分離した。(3S)−3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸カリウム塩(式23)を含有する水性層を得るため、抽出工程を2回繰り返し、それはさらに精製することなく続いての転換で使用した。(R)−3−シアノ−2−エトキシカルボニル−5−メチル−ヘキサン酸エチルエステル(式22)を含有する有機層を合わせ、乾燥させ、濃縮した。得られたジエチルエステルは、引き続いて実施例6に従ってラセミ化した。
(S)−4−イソブチル−2−オキソ−ピロリジン−3−カルボン酸(式10)の光学純度(ee)は、誘導体化法により決定した。(S)−4−イソブチル−2−オキソ−ピロリジン−3−カルボン酸を、70℃のジオキサン中、触媒量の乾燥HClの存在下、EtOHでエステル化した。生じたラクタムエステルを、ヘキサン及びEtOH(95:5)の移動相、1.0mL/分の流速、10μLの注入量、35℃のカラム温度、及び200nmでの検出を使用するHPLC(CHIRALPAK AD-H 、4.6mmx250mm)により分析した。
プレガバリンの光学純度は、誘導体化法により決定した。プレガバリン試料を、Marfey試薬(1−フルオロ−2−4−ジニトロフェニル−5−L−アラニンアミド)で誘導体化し、NaPO4水溶液(20nM、pH2.0)及びACN(90:10で10分、10:90で3分、90:10で5分)の移動相、1.2mL/分の流速、10μLの注入量、35℃のカラム温度、及び200nmでの検出を使用するHPLC(LUNA C18(2)カラム、0.46mmx150mm、3μm)により分析した。
Claims (6)
- 請求項2に記載の方法であって、
(a)式4:
(b)式3の化合物又はその塩を単離し;そして
(c)場合により、式5の化合物をラセミ化して、式4の化合物を生成させる
ことを更に含んでなり、この際、式4及び式5のR1、R2、及びR3は、式3で定義した通りであり;そして、式4及び式5のR4は、R3と同一であるか又は異なっていて、C1〜12アルキル、C3〜12シクロアルキル、又はアリール−C1〜6アルキルである方法。 - 請求項5に記載の方法であって:
(a)式12:
(b)式11の化合物又はその塩を単離し;そして
(c)場合により、式13の化合物をラセミ化して、式12の化合物を生成させる
ことをさらに含んでなり、この際、式12及び式13のR3は、式11で上に定義した通りであり、そして、式12及び式13のR4は、R3と同一であるか又は異なっていて、C1〜12アルキル、C3〜12シクロアルキル、又はアリール−C1〜6アルキルである方法。
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