JP4077322B2 - チューナブル強誘電性フィルタ - Google Patents
チューナブル強誘電性フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G7/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G7/06—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture having a dielectric selected for the variation of its permittivity with applied voltage, i.e. ferroelectric capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
- H01P1/203—Strip line filters
- H01P1/20327—Electromagnetic interstage coupling
- H01P1/20336—Comb or interdigital filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/1841—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a strip line resonator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/191—Tuned amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J5/00—Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner
- H03J5/24—Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection or for television channel selection
- H03J5/246—Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection or for television channel selection using electronic means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
- H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
- H03L1/022—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/16—Circuits
- H04B1/30—Circuits for homodyne or synchrodyne receivers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/111—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a dual or triple band amplifier, e.g. 900 and 1800 MHz, e.g. switched or not switched, simultaneously or not
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/294—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a low noise amplifier [LNA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/372—Noise reduction and elimination in amplifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H7/0123—Frequency selective two-port networks comprising distributed impedance elements together with lumped impedance elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H7/12—Bandpass or bandstop filters with adjustable bandwidth and fixed centre frequency
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Filters And Equalizers (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
- Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
- Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
- Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願第60/283,093号(2001年4月11日出願)の利益を主張する。同出願は、本明細書において参考として援用される。
(関連技術の説明)
バンドパスフィルタ等のフィルタは、通信およびエレクトロニクスにおいて多くの用途を有する。例えば、無線通信では、所与の周波数バンドが多くの無線ユーザを適応させなければならない。あまりに多くのユーザを適応させるために、混雑した周波数割当が提供されるので、厳密なバンドパスフィルタリング要求が達成されなければならない。
ここで、ε0は、真空の誘電率である。現在、f−eの特性を持つ数百の既知の材料がある。典型的なf−e材料では、約3:1程度だけ、κの範囲を取得し得る。このようなκの変化を発生するために要求されるDC電圧は、DC制御電圧が印加されるf−e材料の大きさに依存する。それらの可変比誘電率の結果として、f−e材料を用いてチューナブルキャパシタを製造し得る。なぜならば、キャパシタの電気容量は、キャパシタコンダクタに近い誘電体の比誘電率に依存するからである。典型的には、チューナブルf−eキャパシタが、平行板(オーバーレイ)、インターデジタル(IDC)、またはギャップキャパシタとして実現される。
固定チューニングバンドパスフィルタは、数ある要求の中でも特に、厳密なサイズ、挿入損失および帯域外リジェクションを満足しなければならない。チューナブルフィルタは、これらの要求を満足し得る場合に、固定チューニングバンドパスフィルタと交換する際に有用である。低次の、または他により良好なチューナブルフィルタが、より高次の固定チューニングフィルタが要求する範囲にわたってチューニングするために用いられ得る。または、単一のチューナブルフィルタは、1より多い固定チューニングフィルタと置き換え得る。しかしながら、チューナブルフィルタは、挿入損失が高く、信頼できない、または妨げとなる他の性質を持つことを一貫して示すチューナブルコンポーネントを必要とする。
このプロセスの主要な目的は、ユーザが、チューナブルバンドパスフィルタによって置き換えられる従来の固定チューニングBPFに提起された全ての他の電気的および機械的仕様を満足する、または超える最小損失のBPF(複数)をユーザが設計することを可能にすることである。性能仕様を満足するまたは超えることは、チューナブルBPFが実用的な用途において固定チューニングBPFと置き換えられることになる場合に重大である。
例えば、通信システム等の電気信号処理システムで使用するためにおよび適用するためにチューナブルバンドパスフィルタ(BPS)を設計する場合、通常、固定チューニングBPF(複数)に課されたサイズ、重さおよび他の機械的、環境的、かつ電気的な要求と同じく、帯域外リジェクションおよびパスバンド挿入損失(I.L.)要求の両方を満足するか超えなければならない。さらに、大音量の製品を目標とする任意のこのような設計は、ユニット毎に一貫した性能を伴って、製造可能かつ繰り返し可能でなければならず、インサイチュでテストする場合に最小(および好適には0の)付加されたチューニングを要求する。
Quは用いられた共振器の無負荷時のQ
Q1=f0/BW(BWは、3dBパスバンドであり、f0は、ミッドバンド周波数である)
g1は、所与のトポロジーに対するフィルタ素子値(Chebyshev対Butterworth)である。
LC=キャパシタの損失
QT=f−eキャパシタ、および、共振器または結合させるインダクタのQ全体
QC=キャパシタのQ
QU=無負荷共振器のQ、あるいは、平行共振回路を形成するために用いられるインダクタのQ
Qcが増加するにつれて、次第にQTに影響を及ぼさなくなる。QCが無限であれば、QTに及ぼす影響はない。実際の目的のために、QCが約10*QUであればこれはまた真である。逆もまた真である。QUがQCに対して次第に高くなると、QUは、QTに次第に影響しなくなる。いずれかの場合において、最高の実際的なQCが所望される。
ここで、Lgeomは、キャパシタのトポロジーに由来する
Lattachは、デバイス取付けに起因する損失である
Lmetalは、全体の金属損失である
Lsubは、ベース基板損失(存在する場合)である
Lradは、所望または非所望の両方の放射損失である
Lmeasは、測定誤差から生じる全体の損失である
Lf−eは、f−e損失タンジェントである。
ことは、不適切である。例えば、実装に起因するもの等の回避できない損失メカニズムであっても、システムに関するその効果の見通しからキャパシタの効率的なQをより低くする。
上記のように、LgeomおよびLmetalの両方は、Lf−eの正確な測定を取得するために解析的に数量化および除去され得る。Lgeomは、損失のないf−e物質仮定に基づく回路の正確な電磁気シミュレーションから決定され得る。Lmetalは、導通性SR(適用可能であれば)とスキン(skin)深さを仮定する金属損失に対する数式を用いて決定され得る。最後の項ΔLmiscは、他の損失メカニズムの、または有限の制限からの不完全な除去、または、LmetalおよびLgeomまたはその両方の不完全な除去の組み合わせを表わす。それ自体で、それは、無視できる誤差項を表わす。f−eフィルム/成分特性の正確な測定のために、前述のセクションに記載されたように、最小化および制限されるべきである。
ここで、Quは、共振器102の無負荷時のQ、
およびQcは、f−eキャパシタのQである。
Claims (2)
- 共振器と、
チューナブルオーバーレイキャパシタ(30)と
を備えたチューナブル電磁気信号フィルタであって、
該チューナブルオーバーレイキャパシタ(30)は、
基板(31)と、
該基板(31)に形成された金属層(34)であって、金属層テーパー部を有し、該金属層テーパー部は、点にテーパー化される金属層(34)と、
該金属層(34)をオーバーレイする強誘電体フィルム(36)と、
該強誘電体フィルム(36)によって該金属層(34)から分離されている金属パッド(40)と
を含み、
該金属パッド(40)は、該強誘電体フィルム(36)に形成されたパッドテーパー部と該基板(31)に形成された第2の部分とを有し、該パッドテーパー部は、点にテーパー化され、
該金属層テーパー部と該パッドテーパー部とは、該強誘電体フィルム(36)によって垂直面に分離されるオーバーラップされた部分を形成するように、該金属層テーパー部および該パッドテーパー部のそれぞれがテーパー化される該点においてオーバーラップし、
該チューナブルオーバーレイキャパシタ(30)は、約2GHzの周波数で少なくとも160のQを有する、チューナブル電磁気信号フィルタ。 - 前記金属層(34)の前記オーバーラップされた部分は、約7.0μm×7.0μmであり、該金属層はPtから形成され、0.5μm以下の厚さを有し、前記金属パッド(40)はAgから形成され、約1.5〜2.5μmの厚さを有する、請求項1に記載のチューナブル電磁気信号フィルタ。
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US28309301P | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | |
US09/904,631 US6690251B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-07-13 | Tunable ferro-electric filter |
US09/912,753 US6639491B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-07-24 | Tunable ferro-electric multiplexer |
US09/927,732 US6690176B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-08-08 | Low-loss tunable ferro-electric device and method of characterization |
US09/927,136 US6825818B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-08-10 | Tunable matching circuit |
PCT/IB2002/001028 WO2002084685A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-02 | Tunable ferro-electric filter |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006223573A Division JP2006320026A (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2006-08-18 | チューナブル強誘電性フィルタ |
JP2007273222A Division JP2008035569A (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2007-10-19 | チューナブル強誘電性フィルタ |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2004524770A JP2004524770A (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
JP4077322B2 true JP4077322B2 (ja) | 2008-04-16 |
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