JP3128242B2 - 医療用プローブ装置 - Google Patents

医療用プローブ装置

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Publication number
JP3128242B2
JP3128242B2 JP06506335A JP50633594A JP3128242B2 JP 3128242 B2 JP3128242 B2 JP 3128242B2 JP 06506335 A JP06506335 A JP 06506335A JP 50633594 A JP50633594 A JP 50633594A JP 3128242 B2 JP3128242 B2 JP 3128242B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
stylet
tissue
radio frequency
prostate
conductive electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP06506335A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPH07503645A (ja
Inventor
エドワーズ、スチュアート・デー
ラックス、ロナルド・ジー
ルンドキスト、インジェマー・エイチ
シャーキー、ヒュー・アール
Original Assignee
ヴィダメッド・インコーポレーテッド
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Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25458203&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=JP3128242(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by ヴィダメッド・インコーポレーテッド filed Critical ヴィダメッド・インコーポレーテッド
Publication of JPH07503645A publication Critical patent/JPH07503645A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3128242B2 publication Critical patent/JP3128242B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Landscapes

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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 技術分野 本発明は、例えば組織の破壊及び流動体物質の搬送の
ような医療目的のために身体組織を貫通するための独特
な装置に関する。装置は、エネルギーを組織へ伝える及
び／或いは物質を送るために選択された正にその標的ま
で組織を貫通する。それはこの働きを正確に予め選ばれ
た場所に限定し、それによって周囲の正常な組織の外傷
を最小にし、より大きな医療の利便を達成する。この装
置は、医療的な活動のためにカテーテルの側部のスタイ
レット口から周囲の組織を通って標的にされた組織まで
延在させるために装着された、カテーテル内の１つ以上
のスタイレットによる医学的治療のために選択された領
域或いは器官内に治療装置の位置を決めるためのカテー
テルのような装置である。
背景の技術 細胞組織の治療は、普通その目標と中間の組織との両
方にかなりの外傷を被らせる外科手術の際に、普通は目
標の組織の医療器具との直接接触を必要とする。しばし
ば治療プローブの精密な位置決めは、身体内の目標の組
織の場所或いは目標の組織の近傍が容易に損傷を受ける
重要な身体の器官、神経、或いは他の構成要素であるた
めに困難である。
例えば良性の、前立腺肥大即ち肥厚（BPH）は、50歳
以上の男性によって経験される最も一般的な医学的問題
の１つである。前立腺肥大に因る尿道管閉塞は、医学の
最も初期の時代から承知されてきた。前立腺の肥厚的拡
大はしばしば尿道の圧迫をもたらして、結果として尿道
管閉塞、及び頻繁な排尿、尿の流れの減少、夜尿、痛
み、不快、滴下を含む症状が連続的に発生する。BPHの
年齢との関連は、50歳以上の男性で50％を越え、80歳以
上の男性で75％を越えて発生することが示された。65乃
至70歳の間の男性の約65％が前立肥大を有するにもかか
わらず、尿道閉塞の症状は、この年齢のグループで最も
頻繁に生じる。
現在、BPHの効果的な外科手術以外の方法は試験され
ていない。更に利用できる外科手術の方法は完全に満足
のいくものではない。現在この病気の閉塞性の症状に苦
しむ患者には幾つか選択が与えられる：症状に対処し続
ける（即ち、保守的な処置）か、初期段階で薬物治療を
受けるか、或いは外科手術の介入を受けるかである。米
国では年に430,000人以上の患者が前立腺組織を取除く
手術を受けている。これらは臨床的に明確な症状を示す
男性の５％未満である。
BPHに苦しむそれらの人はしばしば、その多くが外科
手術の危険性を増す付加的の健康上の問題を有する高齢
者である。前立腺組織除去の外科手術は、知覚麻痺を伴
う病的状態、出血、凝固異常、肺塞栓、及び電解質の不
均衡を含む数多くの危険と結びついている。現在行われ
ているこれらの処置も、心性合併症、膀胱の穴開き、失
禁、感染、尿道或いは膀胱の頸部の狭窄症、前立腺の先
端の鬱滞、逆方向の射出、及び無生殖力症をもたらし得
る。閉塞性尿路疾患のための現在の治療の選択による広
範囲に亘る侵襲性のために、患者の大多数は彼等の状態
の完全な治療を遅らせている。この状況は、重大な結果
を確実にもたらす前立腺の閉塞性障害（膀胱肥大、水
賢、賢盂の膨脹、等）に二次的に至る構造の重大な損傷
をもたらし得る。更に、外科手術を必要とする十分に厳
しい症状を持つ非常に数多くの患者は、手術の予後が悪
く、前立腺切除の哀れな候補者である。更に、無生殖力
症のような合併症の危険にさらされるのを望まないBPH
に苦しむより若い男性は、しばしば外科手術の介入を避
けさせられる。従ってBPHを治療するための改善された
外科手術の及び外科手術以外の方法の必要性、重要性、
及び価値は疑いない。
高周波の電流は、特に非観血の切開が望まれる時、或
いは食道、腸管、尿道のようなその手術領域が普通のメ
スは利用できないが、細い器具を本来の身体の開口部を
通って利用する方法が示される時に、人間組織を切開す
る電気メス処理に使用される。例は、前立腺腺腫、膀胱
の腫瘍、或いは腸のポリープの除去を含む。そのような
場合、高周波の電流は外科手術用プローブによって切断
される組織へ供給される。結果的に放散された熱はこの
時点で細胞の流体の沸騰及び気化をもたらし、その結果
細胞壁は破裂し、組織は分裂する。
本来の位置での細胞組織の破壊は、多くの病気及び医
療上の体調の治療でのみ、或いは除去処置の外科手術の
補助的手段として使用されてきた。それはしばしば外科
手術の処置よりも外傷が少なく、他の処置が安全でない
場合の唯一の代りになり得る。除去治療の装置は、循環
する流体及び他の自然な体の作用の伝導及び対流の力に
よって素早く放散され、破壊しない程度に下げられた破
壊エネルギーを使用するという利点を持っている。
マイクロ波、ラジオ周波数、音響（超音波）、及び光
エネルギー（レーザ）の装置、及び組織破壊をするもの
は、広く色々な種類の解剖する場所及び器官から悪性
の、良性の、及び他の種類の細胞と組織を破壊するのに
使用されてきた。治療される組織は隔離された癌の塊、
及びとりわけ、良性の前立腺の肥大の特徴を示す前立
腺、腺状及び基質の小結節のような器官を含む。これら
の装置は導管を通って治療領域へラジオ周波数の電極或
いはマイクロ波のアンテナを送るのに使用され、全ての
方向に導管の壁を通って周囲の組織の中へエネルギーを
放散するカテーテル或いはカニューレを通常具備してい
る。深刻な外傷がしばしばこの細胞破壊処理中に導管の
壁に生じ、幾つかの装置はマイクロ波アンテナと一緒に
冷却システムを組合せて導管の壁の外傷を減らす。例え
ば、これらの装置で前立腺を治療するために、熱エネル
ギーは尿道の壁を通って尿道を締付けている組織を殺す
ような効果で周囲の前立腺細胞の中へ伝達される。光エ
ネルギー、通常はレーザからの、は尿道の壁を焼成通過
することによって前立腺組織の標的の場所へ送られる。
導管壁の健康な細胞と、小結節と導管壁との間の健康な
組織も、処理中に無差別に破壊され、幾つかの不必要な
前立腺の機能の喪失をもたらす。更に、幾つかのマイク
ロ波装置の追加された冷却機能は装置を複雑にし、この
装置がこの冷却システムを収容するのに十分に大きいも
のであることを要求する。
医療目的のために特定の組織に液体を加えることは、
介在する組織に傷をつけることなしに送るための、及び
特定の標的の組織に限定される搬送をするための能力に
よって制限される。局部的な化学療法、薬物の注入、コ
ラーゲンの注射、或いは光、熱、或いは化学物質によっ
て活性化される薬品の注射は、特定の標的の組織で流体
供給カテーテルの開口部を上手い具合に且つ精密に位置
付け得る装置によって著しく容易にされるであろう。
発明の開示 組織の破壊及び／或いは物質の搬送のような、精密に
予め選択された場所にその行為を限定し、それによって
外傷を最小にし、より大きな医療行為の利便を達成す
る、医療行為のために選択された精密な標的の組織へ、
介在する組織を通って、組織を貫通するための装置を提
供することが本発明の主な目的である。
本発明の１つの主な目的は、標的の組織の中へ治療エ
ネルギーを直接に伝達し、一方でその周囲の組織への作
用を最小にする身体組織の組織破壊のための装置を提供
することである。
本発明の別の主な目的は、より高い精密さと安易さと
で、身体内の特定の場所へ、流体の治療溶剤、特に可流
動液体を採用するための装置を提供することである。
本発明の別の目的は、治療のために標的にされた組織
及び周囲の組織の両方に生じる温度及び他の状況に関す
るより多くの情報を操作者に提供する熱的破壊装置を提
供することである。更に、これはスタイレットの物理的
配置に関して、及び組織破壊処理のパラメータに関して
更に制御を加えるであろう。
概して、本発明の医療用プローブ装置は制御端部とプ
ローブ端部とを有するカテーテルを具備する。プローブ
端部は、その側部壁内に少なくとも１つのスタイレット
口を有するスタイレット誘導ハウジングと、スタイレッ
ト口を通って外側へ、また予め選択された角度で介在組
織を通って標的の組織へ可撓性のスタイレットを方向付
ける誘導手段とを具備する。ハウジングはそのような口
のアレイを有する。予め選択された角度はスタイレット
誘導ハウジングの中心軸から20゜乃至160゜であること
が好ましい。全カテーテルの組立ては、夫々のスタイレ
ット口と連絡している１つ以上のスタイレット誘導内腔
と、夫々の口から介在組織を通って標的の組織への長手
方向の移動のために前記スタイレット誘導内腔の夫々の
中に配置されるスタイレットとを具備する。
スタイレットは非導電層内に囲まれた導電体であり得
て、この導電体はラジオ周波数の電極である。非導電層
は導電体上で軸方向に即ち長手方向に可動であり、標的
の組織内の導電性表面の選択された部分を露出するスリ
ーブである。
更に別の実施例で、スタイレットは、そこを貫通して
延在している長手方向、中央の治療流体供給内腔を有す
るカニューレであり、カテーテルは治療流体供給内腔と
連絡している治療流体搬送内腔を有する。
気泡或いは超音波トランスデューサの様な超音波反射
体が嵌め込まれるか、或いはさもなくばプローブ端部か
或いはスタイレットの一部に取り付けられてカテーテル
及びスタイレットを位置付けるのに使用するための信号
を提供し得る。
スタイレットがラジオ周波数の電極を選択的に具備す
る時、サーミスタ或いはファイバ光ケーブルのような少
なくとも１つの温度センサが、プローブ端部、スタイレ
ット誘導ハウジング、及び／或いはスタイレットに取付
けられることができる。
１つの好ましい実施例で、スタイレットの誘導体は、
カテーテルの軸方向からスタイレット口で横方向に曲が
った部分を通るスタイレットのパスを形成し、曲がった
パスは配備され延在するスタイレットを望ましい角度に
偏向させるのに十分な半径、即ち、カテーテルの直径に
応じて0.5cmまでの半径を選択的に有する。スタイレッ
ト誘導手段は、スタイレット口から離れる方向に延在し
ている第１の曲り部分と、第１の曲り部分から続いてス
タイレット口まで延在している第２の曲り部分とを有す
るスタイレット・パスを形成することができる。
複数のスタイレットを配備するために、スタイレット
誘導手段は、カテーテル内の平行な軸方向からスタイレ
ット口で横方向に曲った部分を通る少なくとも２つの交
差しないスタイレット・パスを形成することができ、ス
タイレット口は180゜までの角度を形成する軸を有す
る。１つの実施例で前立腺の葉を治療するために、スタ
イレット口の軸は90゜未満、好ましくは50゜乃至70゜の
角度を形成する。
非導電性のスリーブは、先導チップ、剛性の基部側制
御部分、及び先導チップから剛性の基部側制御部分へ延
在している可撓性の部分を具備することができ、それに
よってスリーブは曲ったパスを通り軸方向からスタイレ
ット口を通って外側に延在する方向へ延ばされることが
できる。先導チップはその終端端部へ向かって内側へテ
ーパされることができる。可撓性の部分は選択的に螺旋
型コイルであり得る。螺旋型コイルが導電性材料から作
られるならば、それは外側の非導電性材料内に囲われ得
る。
カテーテルの末端部分はそれの基部側部分よりも更に
可撓性であり得、湾曲した導管を通るその通過を容易に
する。
１つの実施例に於て、制御ハンドルはカテーテルの制
御端部に取付けられ、スタイレットの移動手段はスタイ
レットに取付けられて、スタイレット誘導手段内のスタ
イレットの長手方向の動きのためのハンドルと係合す
る。スタイレット移動手段は手の動きをスタイレット誘
導手段内でのスタイレットの長手方向の動きに変えるた
めの手動の係合手段を具備する。
導電体が非導電スリーブ内の軸方向の動きを有する実
施例に於て、非導電スリーブ移動手段は非導電スリーブ
に取付けられ、導電体移動手段はその中に収容された導
電体に取付けられる。非導電スリーブの移動手段は手の
動きを非導電性スリーブのスタイレット誘導手段内での
長手方向の動きに変える。導電体の移動手段は手の動き
を導電体の非導電スリーブ内での長手方向の動きに変え
る。非導電性スリーブの移動手段及び導電体の移動手段
はその上での移動のためにハンドルと係合する。非導電
性スリーブの移動手段及び導電体の移動手段は、その上
で別々の及び共同する、両方の移動のためにハンドルの
上に装着された、別々の隣接する手動の移動手段を具備
することができる。ハウジングはその壁を通る少なくと
も２つの長手方向平行なスロットを有することができ、
手動移動手段は、夫々、長手方向のスロットの１つを通
ってハウジングの内側のコネクタへ延在している摺動体
に連結される指の係合表面を具備し、コネクタは夫々の
非導電スリーブ或いは導電体に取付けられる。
標的の組織に破壊エネルギーを加えるための本発明の
装置を使用する工程は、第１にカテーテルを治療される
組織に隣接する領域に誘導することを具備する。それか
ら導電体はカテーテルから周囲の組織を通って破壊され
る標的の組織内に動かされる。導電体はスリーブを取囲
む組織内へ導電体からのエネルギーの著しい移動を防ぐ
ための非導電スリーブによって囲まれる導電表面を具備
するワイヤ或いは管であり得る。熱は、導電体によって
生成される電流或いは電磁界から標的の組織内で発生さ
れる。治療される組織の体積は非導電スリーブを治療さ
れる身体組織内で電極の選択された長さを露出するよう
に動かすことによって制御され、電極の残りの領域は介
在する組織を保護するためのスリーブによって覆われた
ままである。エネルギー伝達の量及び長さも、治療され
る組織の体積を制御するために変えられる。
導電体は、カテーテルのシャフト内に組入れられ、装
置の位置決めを容易にするように配置された光ファイバ
観察システムを使用して位置付けされることができる。
そのようなシステムは、照明及び観察のための別々の光
学機器と視界を洗うための洗浄流体供給導管も具備する
ことができる。
導電体は、標的の組織から或る間隔をとって配置され
るか、或いは導電体か非導電スリーブによって支持され
る超音波のトランスデューサからの超音波のイメージン
グを使って治療される組織内に配置されることもでき
る。
加熱の程度は、導電体或いは非導電スリーブによって
支持される温度センサを使って除去処理をする間、モニ
タされ制御されることができる。
前立腺のような標的の組織を治療するための本発明の
装置の別の実施例に於て、カテーテルからの２つの可撓
性のスタイレットは、カテーテルの側壁内のカテーテル
口を通って且つ尿道壁及び周囲の組織を通って、処理さ
れる前立腺の標的の組織の中へ動かされる。カテーテル
口は180゜未満、また或る組織に於ける治療のためには9
0゜未満の角度を形成する軸を有する。
更に別の実施例では、接地プレートが皮膚上に置か
れ、１つ以上の電極から除去される標的の組織を通るパ
スを通過する電流を方向付ける。
図面の簡単な説明 図１は、治療のために正しい位置にある本発明の装置
の１つの実施例を伴う男性の下方組織体の略断面図であ
る。
図２は、複数の延長されたスタイレットを持つ本発明
のカテーテルのハウジングの末端部分の側面図である。
図３は、図２に示されるハウジングの末端部分の端面
図である。
図４は、本発明のカテーテルの代替実施例の側断面図
である。
図５は、本発明のRF電極のスタイレットの実施例の断
面図である。
図６は、スタイレットの誘導角度を調節するためのス
タレット誘導システムを有する本発明のカテーテルの実
施例の断面図である。
図７は、スタイレットの誘導角度を調節するためのス
タレット誘導システムを有する本発明のカテーテルの実
施例の断面図である。
図８は、介在する組織を治療からシールドしつつ、標
的にされる組織を破壊して治療するために配置された部
分的に引入れられたスリーブを持つ図４に示されたRF電
極のスタイレットの詳細な略断面図である。
図９は、介在する組織を治療からシールドしつつ、標
的にされる組織を破壊して治療するために配置された部
分的に引入れられたスリーブを持つ図４に示されたRF電
極のスタイレットの詳細な略断面図である。
図10は、本発明の制御システム、手動カテーテル制御
ユニット、及びカテーテルの組立ての略図である。
図11は、本発明のシステムの手動制御システムの実施
例の等角図である。
図12は、本発明のシステムのパワー及び制御コンソー
ルの実施例の等角図である。
図13は、本発明の装置の代りの４本のプローブの実施
例の平面図である。
図14は、図13に示されるカテーテルの末端のプローブ
端部の側面図である。
図15は、線15−15に沿って採られた、図14に示される
装置のプローブ端部の断面端面図である。
図16は、図15の線16−16に沿って採られた、本発明の
装置のプローブ端部の部分断面図である。
図17は、その中央の軸に沿って採られた、図13に示さ
れる装置の制御端部の断面図である。
図18は、線18−18に沿って採られた、図17に示される
装置の制御端部の断面図である。
図19は、線19−19に沿って採られた、図17に示される
装置の制御端部の断面図である。
図20は、図17及び図18に示される実施例の非導電性ス
リーブ・コネクタの側面図である。
図21は、線21−21に沿って採られた、図20に示される
非導電性スリーブ・コネクタの断面図である。
図22は、図17及び図19に示される実施例の導電コネク
タの側面図である。
図23は、線23−23に沿って採られた、図22に示される
導電コネクタの断面図である。
図24は、その中央の軸に沿って採られた、図14及び図
15に示される非導電性スリーブの末端端部の断面図であ
る。
図25は、本発明のRF除去カテーテルの２本のスタイレ
ットの代替実施例の平面図。
図26は、本発明のスタイレットの先端の１つの実施例
の平面図である。
図27は、図26に示される単一研磨電極の先端の側面図
である。
図28は、図27に示される電極の先端の端面図である。
図29は、代替の双研磨電極の先端の側面図である。
図30は、図29に示される電極の先端の端面図である。
図31は、図25の除去カテーテルのハンドル部分の平面
図である。
図32は、部分的に取除かれた底部のカバー・プレート
を持つ、線32−32に沿って採られた図31に示されるハン
ドル部分の側面図である。
図33は、底部のカバー・プレートが取り除かれている
図31に示されるハンドル部分の底面図である。
図34は、図33の線34−34に沿って採られたハンドル部
分の断面図である。
図35は、引き入れられた位置のスタイレット及びスリ
ーブの図32に示されるハンドル部分の中央部分の断面図
である。
図36は、伸ばされた位置のスタイレット及びスリーブ
の図32に示されるハンドル部分の中央部分の断面図であ
る。
図37は、伸ばされた位置のスタイレットとそこから部
分的に引入れられたスリーブの図32に示されるハンドル
部分の中央部分の断面図である。
図38は、重なり合う除去領域のためのスタイレットの
方向を示している、前立腺内の２本のスタイレットの配
置の略図である。
本発明を実行するための最良の方法 本発明の装置は、標的の組織の付近に位置決めされた
カテーテルから治療破壊、或いはサンプル取りのために
標的にされた組織内の治療スタイレットの精密に制御さ
れた位置付けを提供する。
以下で使用される“スタイレット”という言葉は、カ
テーテルの口から正常な組織を通って標的の組織へ通さ
れるように適合させられる中実の及び中空のプローブの
両方を含むものとして規定される。スタイレットは組織
を通る容易な通過を促進するように形作られる。それは
中実のワイヤ、細いロッド、或いは他の中実の形状であ
り得るか、或いは或る場所へ流体を導入するか或いはそ
こから物質を取除くための長手方向の内腔を有する細い
中空の管或いは他の形状であり得る。スタイレットは細
い中空の管或いは他の中空の形状でもあり得て、その中
空の内腔は、補強用の或いは機能的なロッド或いはチュ
ーブを具備している。スタイレットは、それが組織を通
して標的の場所へ押される時、鋭利な端部を有して抵抗
及び外傷を減らすことが好ましい。
スタイレットは、選択された組織の種々の医療的に望
ましい治療を提供するように設計されることができる。
ラジオ周波数の電極のように、それは標的の組織を除去
或いは破壊するのに使用されることができる。中空の管
のように、標的の組織への液体のような治療用流体を運
ぶのに使用されることができる。液体は単純な溶液か、
或いは例えば液体内のコロイド状の粒子のような固体の
懸濁液であり得る。スタイレットは非常に細いので、そ
れはカテーテルから正常の組織への最小の外傷で介在す
る正常の組織を通って方向付けられることができる。
本発明の装置は、身体の器官の内側及び外側の両方に
於て、体全体の医療的に標的にされた組織の細胞を破壊
するのに適したより精密に制御された医療的治療を提供
する。この装置は、良性の前立腺の肥大（BPH）を治療
するのに特に有用であり、装置及びその使用は、その説
明を単純化するために、以下ではBPHに関して説明され
る。装置が、経皮の或いは内視鏡カテーテルによってア
クセス可能な如何なる身体の腔部或いは組織の位置でも
身体の組織を破壊するのに使用されることができ、前立
腺に限定されないということは、当業者には容易に明白
となるであろう。これらの器官及び組織の全てにこの装
置を応用することは、本発明の範囲の中に含まれること
が意図される。
BPHは前立腺の細胞の良性な複製及び成長から生じる
状態であり、前立腺を拡大し、前立腺の尿道の開口部を
締める小腺及び基質の小結節を形成する。小腺の小結節
は遷移ゾーンに、基質の小結節は尿道周囲の領域内に主
に集中させられる。この状態の従来の治療は、全前立腺
小結節の外科手術による除去、腺腫のディジタル除去
（digital removal）、更に加えて組織を取除き通路を
広げるための尿導管及び前立腺の経尿道の切除を含んで
いた。後者の方法に付随する１つの重要で重大な合併症
は、医原性生殖不能である。ごく最近では、レーザ治療
が採用されて、出血及び体液の損失を制限しつつ組織を
取除く。バルーンも熱を加えて或いは加えずに尿道内で
膨らまされてその直径を拡大するが、著しい制限を有す
ることが分かった。
マイクロ治療法は、前立腺内でマイクロ波アンテナの
位置を決め、マイクロ波の界で尿道を取囲んでいる組織
内に熱を発生することによって或る成功を修めた。時に
は冷却媒体がカテーテルのシャフト内に入れられて尿道
の壁の温度を下げる。これは複雑な機構を必要として、
直に隣接している組織を冷却することと、その間により
離れた前立腺組織内で熱を発生することの両方を行う。
この技術は、マイクロ波高温（microwave hyperthemi
a）に類似している。同じように、尿道内に位置付けら
れる電極でのラジオ周波数の組織の破壊は適応の可能性
を制限される。なぜならばそれは尿道の壁を破壊的温度
に晒さなければならないからである。これを回避するた
めに、尿道を保護するために必要とされる低温度設定
は、何等かの有益な効果を生むのに必要とされる治療時
間が過度に引延ばされる、例えば３時間までのエネルギ
ーを印加する程低くなければならない。
本発明の装置の１つの実施例は尿道を使って前立腺に
接近し、破壊される組織或いは小結節の中へRF電極のス
タイレットの位置を決める。尿道から標的の組織へ延在
しているスタイレット導電体の部分は、スリーブに隣接
する組織のRF電流への露出を防ぐ長手方向に調節可能な
スリーブのシールド内に囲われる。従って除去破壊は、
破壊のために標的にされた組織に局限される。即ち、そ
れらは狭窄をもたらす。本発明の他の態様は、本発明の
装置の図面及び添付の説明から明白になるであろう。こ
の方法は、経皮的アプローチ及び身体の開口部を通るア
プローチのために身体の多くの領域で使用されることが
できるということが当業者には容易に明白となるであろ
う。
図１は、本発明の装置の使用している間の男性の下方
組織体の略断面図である。尿道２は、膀胱４から前立腺
６及び尿生殖隔膜８を通って延在する。BPHは、前立腺
内の良性の小結節及び基質の細胞の増殖によって主に発
生させられる前立腺の尿道の部分の締付けによって特徴
付けられる状態である。これらの小結節は尿道の壁を内
側へ押して尿道の直径を狭窄し、正常な組織を外側へ押
すことができ前立腺を拡大し得る。ほとんどが前立腺の
除去である従来の処理は、切除或いはレーザの組織破壊
によって、或いは尿道を取囲んでいる組織の細胞を殺す
温度まで膨脹及び加熱するかによって、尿道から組織を
取除いてその腔を拡大することもまた含んでいた。後者
の方法は前立腺の腫張及び拡大を減じ、尿道の通路を少
なくとも一部分のそれの以前の直径に戻すことが意図さ
れる。
本発明の装置の使用に於て、スタイレット誘導体16を
持つカテーテル14は尿道を通って前立腺の中へ上方へ向
って通される。誘導体16の位置は、例えば肛門22を通っ
て前立腺に隣接する直腸20の中へ挿入される従来の超音
波トランスデューサ18から受ける信号から得られる、超
音波イメージを使って精密に制御される。誘導体16は、
超音波のイメージによってスタイレット17を精密な位置
に容易に位置付けるのを促進する。
カテーテル14の末端部分は、１つ以上の膨脹バルーン
30及び32を選択的に有することができる。スタイレット
・スリーブ36は保護される尿道及び他の組織を通って伸
ばされることができ、RF電極38はこの図に例として示さ
れるように標的の組織28の中へ深く伸ばされることがで
きる。
図２は、本発明のカテーテルの１つの実施例の終端部
分の側面図であり、図３はその端面図である。１つ以上
のスタイレット口40は膨脹されていない環状のバルーン
30と32の間に位置付けられる。超音波トランスポンダ42
は、前立腺内でスタイレット誘導ハウジング16の精密な
位置付けをするために使用されることができる信号及び
イメージを作るために末端端部44に配置されることがで
きる。代りに、外部で発生する気泡が末端のハウジング
内に入れられて、スタイレット誘導体の音波ホログラフ
ィの場所で助けることができる。従来のサーモミスタ、
熱電対、或いは光ファイバであり得る１つ以上の温度セ
ンサ46がカテーテルに沿って位置を決められて、スタイ
レット部分に隣接する、また好ましくはその両側部の尿
道の温度プロフィルを提供する。この温度プロフィルは
操作者によって使用されて、尿道壁の温度が細胞破壊を
もたらすであろう高さに到達するのを防ぐことができ
る。これらの図は伸された位置のバルーンの部分30及び
32と、６本のスタイレット36の両方を示す。
カテーテルはスタイレットの展開に先立ってその中心
軸の周りを回転させられて、処理される組織へ向ってス
タイレットの１本以上を方向付けることができる。カテ
ーテルの末端のハウジング16が前立腺の尿道内の治療位
置へ進められた後、環状のバルーン30及び32は尿道内で
膨らまされてカテーテルを安定させ、尿道の腔を拡張す
る。スタイレットは、それらが治療のために標的にされ
た組織内に位置付けられるまで、尿道壁及び介在組織を
通って伸される。BPH治療のために標的にされた組織
は、小結節か、正常の組織か、或いはその両方であり得
る。口40に通じているスタイレットの通路は、そこを通
る面内のカテーテルの中心軸に対して全てが約20゜乃至
160゜、好ましくは約30゜乃至150゜である”角度をそれ
らの終端軸が形成するような方向を持つ。本発明の１つ
の実施例に関して以下で更に詳細に説明されるように、
それから非導電性のスリーブは動かされて、標的の組織
を露出して電流によって、45℃より高く、好ましくは55
℃乃至99℃の範囲内の破壊温度に制御加熱する。
図４は、本発明の１つの実施例の伸されたスタイレッ
トを持つカテーテルの断面図であり、図５は、図４に示
されるスタイレットの先端の拡大断面図である。この実
施例に於て、カテーテル48は鼻部52を持つスタイレット
誘導ハウジング50に連結される。スタイレット54は、チ
ューブ58内に同軸に配置された中実の芯ニードル56を具
備し、その両者は、ニッケルとチタンの合金、焼戻し鋼
鉄、ステンレス鋼、ベリリウムと銅の合金、等のような
高い可撓性で導電性の材料であることが好ましい。ニッ
ケルとチタン、及び類似の高い可撓性の、形状記憶合金
が好ましい。ニードル56はチューブ58内で軸方向に即ち
長手方向に移動可能である。チューブ58は、チューブ58
に沿って長手方向に移動可能な非誘電性のスリーブ60内
に囲われる。誘導ハウジング50は、可撓性のスタイレッ
トの長手方向の前進を可能にするように曲げられる誘導
チャンネル61を有する。
スリーブ60は、長手方向のスラスト・チューブ64で連
結した環状のシリンダ62に連結される。スラスト・チュ
ーブ64の長手方向の動きは、スリーブ60の対応するチュ
ーブ58に沿う長手方向の動きを起こす。スリーブの動き
は、周囲の組織に露出されるチューブ58とニードル56の
長さを変え、制御することと、標的の組織に伝達される
エネルギーの量を制御することとに使用される。スリー
ブ60の材料、絶縁特性、誘電特性、及び厚さは、導電体
から組織をシールドすることによってそれと接触する組
織へ加熱エネルギーが伝わるのを防ぐように選択され
る。組織が、ラジオ周波数の電流（300乃至750kHz）を
使って加熱されるならば、スリーブ60は電流の流れと組
織との容量結合の両方を防ぐのに必要とされるのに十分
な厚さを持たなければならない。
図６及び図７は、スタイレット誘導角度を調整するた
めのスタイレット誘導・システムを持つ本発明のカテー
テルの実施例の部分断面図である。スタイレット誘導ハ
ウジング124はスタイレット口126を有する。誘導ハウジ
ング124内で、スタイレット位置決めブロック128はトル
クとスラストのロッド130の作動のもとでの軸方向の動
きのために位置決めされる。スタイレット位置決めブロ
ック128はスタイレット132を具備している曲ったスタイ
レットの腔を有する。選択的に低摩擦の可撓性の誘導チ
ューブ134が位置決めブロック128から口126へ延在して
いる。図６に示される状態では、位置決めブロック128
は引込められた位置にあり、誘導ハウジングの中心軸に
対して約20゜そして好ましくは30゜乃至90゜までの大体
の鋭角“b"で延在するようにスタイレットを方向付け
る。ブロック128、誘導チューブ134、および口126を通
ってのスタイレット132の前進は、鎖線のパス136に沿っ
て組織の中へスタイレットを指向させる。
図７に示されるような位置決めブロック128の前進
は、スタイレット132をより小さい直径を有する曲がっ
たパスを通って誘導チューブ134を経由し口126へ押進め
る。それからスタイレット132は誘導ハウジングの軸に
対して約160゜と同じ大きさであり得る鈍角ｂに方向付
けられる。この形状で誘導ブロック128、誘導チューブ1
34、及び口126を通るスタイレットの前進は、スタイレ
ットを鎖線のパス138に沿って組織の中へ指向させる。
図６及び図７に示されるように、スタイレット132の
角度の付いた突出部は、スタイレット誘導ハウジングの
中心軸を通る平面内で角度の広い幅の範囲に亘って方向
付けられることができる。トルクとスラストのロッド13
0のその中心軸の周りの回転は、スタイレット誘導ハウ
ジングの対応する回転と、スタイレットの軸の面から外
側の方向への偏向を生じさせるであろうことは容易に理
解されるであろう。導管内の最良の位置へのカテーテル
124の軸方向の動きと、その中心軸の周りでのカテーテ
ルの回転との組合せは、スタイレットの方向付け角度の
無限の多様性を生ずる。これらの動きの組合せはスタイ
レットの角度のより大きな選択を与え、その結果スタイ
レットはカテーテルからの如何なる角度ででも標的の組
織の中へ前進させられることができる。
図８及び図９は、図４に示されるRF電極のスタイレッ
トの使用時の詳細な略断面図である。カテーテルが尿道
内に配置された後で、スタイレット54はスタイレット誘
導ハウジング50から前立腺の尿道壁71を通って処理され
る標的の組織（鎖線で輪郭を描かれている）へ前進させ
られる。それからスタイレット・スリーブ60は、標的の
組織73内に配置されるRF電極の部分を晒す図８に示され
る位置へ引込められる。それからRF電流が電極56及び58
から組織73を通って従来の接地プレート（図示されてい
ない）へ流される。選択された例では、より指向された
除去が、１つ以上のスタイレットを中性電極として、ま
た他のスタイレットを活性電極として使用することによ
って獲得されることができ、それによって接地プレート
を使わずに、スタイレットだけを使って双極子を完成す
る。RF治療は、標的の組織73内の細胞が破壊されてしま
うまで続けられる。
図９は、上記で説明された過程に続く選択的な第２の
ステップに於て図８に対応する詳細な略断面図である。
標的の組織73内の細胞の破壊に続いて、RF電極のスリー
ブ60はスタイレットの電極58に沿ってスタイレット誘導
ハウジング50へ引込められて、標的の組織から前立腺の
尿道壁71へ至るRF電極74のある長さを露出する。それか
ら十分なRF電流が印加されて、電極58の全露出表面と直
に接触している組織76（鎖線で示される）の表面を焼灼
する。例えば、これは、標的の組織の細胞を破壊するた
めに印加されたものよりもより高い電圧とより短い治療
時間で達成されることができる。それからスタイレット
がハウジング50内に完全に引込まれて、排液管が標的の
組織73の領域から前立腺の尿道へ続くようにする。これ
は治療過程中に処理された標的の組織73の生成物を排出
することができる。
本発明の経尿道ニードル除去（TUNA）処理は、ユニー
クな方法で医者が、BPH、即ち良性前立腺肥大として知
られる状態の男性の中で発生する前立腺の肥大組織にラ
ジオ周波数を伝達する方法である。この処置はユニーク
であり、そこでは構造的な組織の治療を制限し、正常な
前立腺組織をスペアとして残す可能性の能力を選択的に
与える第１の経尿道処置である。この処置は、特にBPH
に因る閉塞性尿道疾患を治すための予め公知の処置と較
べると、周囲の前立腺の尿道が受ける外傷を最小にす
る。この処置は、エネルギー伝達の割合及び患者によっ
て経験される痛みの間隔の程度に応じて、局部麻酔のみ
によって実行される可能性もある。局部麻酔が適切であ
る時、処置は診察室で行われ得る。局部麻酔は、Ｋ−Ｙ
ゼリーと混合されたリドカインのような局所麻酔を含む
潤滑剤の状態で支配或いは使用され得る。
かなりの痛みが患者によって経験されるならば、患者
は局所的な部分麻酔の適用に加えて鎮静剤を飲まなけれ
ばならない。この処置は外来患者をベースに施されるこ
とができ、短期間（２乃至６時間）の観察を必要とする
であろう。処置及び患者が更なる痛みの制御を必要とす
るならば、患者に使用するのに適格な脊髄麻酔或いは全
身麻酔が彼等に適用され得る。これは処置が手術室で行
われることを必要とし、回復室を必要とし、或る環境で
の入院患者の介護を必要とし得る。予め公知の前立腺切
除（TURP）は、一般的に全身或いは脊髄麻酔の使用と、
治療に続く入院患者の病院での介護を必要とする。
本発明のBPH装置を使用する工程は、本発明のRF電極
のスタイレットの実施例を使って下記のように実行され
ることができる。男性患者は、通常快速浣腸或いは腸の
調整剤を必要とするであろう適切な前処置が行われる。
使用されるのであれば、直腸用超音波プローブをより良
く配置し、より良い視覚化を確実にするために、便器
（stool）用の直腸円蓋をきれいにする。それから適切
な麻酔が使用される。それから従来の接地プレートが患
者と接触して配置される。それから直腸プローブが前立
腺の高さまで挿入されて、前立腺の超音波イメージを得
る。処置は、作業者の判断で直接の視覚のみを使用し
て、直腸の超音波の使用なしに行われ得る。それから尿
道のカテーテルがフォーリー・カテーテル（Foley cath
eter）を挿入するのに使用されるものと同じような方法
で挿入される。最初に亀頭及び陰茎幹はベタディン（be
tadine）或いは他の消毒薬の中に浴れられる。残りの股
間部に隣接する領域は滅菌したタオルで普通に覆われ
る。それから無菌或いは殺菌技術を使って、一方で陰茎
幹が掴まれつつ、カテーテルが尿道管の中に挿入され、
それが前立腺の尿道内の望ましい位置に到達するまで進
められる。尿導管を通るその前進中のカテーテルの動き
は超音波イメージで直接にモニタされることができる。
ファイバ・オプティクスでの直接視覚が使用されるなら
ば、適切な標認点、即ち精丘及び膀胱頸部、等が突止め
られ確認される。このことが早めに達成されていないな
らば、カテーテルと制御組立てとの間の電気的或いは機
械的連結はこの段階で達成されない。
それからRF電極のスタイレットが選択された標的の組
織への直視或いは超音波イメージのもとで配備される。
このことはスタイレット誘導口を標的領域へ向って方向
付けるのに必要とされる時に、医者が処理される標的の
領域を突止め、カテーテルを回転、前進及び／或いは引
込めることを必要とする。その絶縁スリーブ即ちシース
内に好ましく完全に囲まれたスタイレットは、前立腺の
尿道の上皮のライニングに穴を開けて貫通し、前立腺の
組織を通って標的の組織まで移動し、のぞましい深さま
で組織を貫通する。局部麻酔は、スタイレットが前進さ
せられる時、スタイレットの中央腔を通って標的の組織
の中へ浸潤させられることができる。それから絶縁スリ
ーブは、標的の組織内でRF電極の精密に選択された長さ
を露出するのに必要とされる量を引込められる。この量
は組織破壊の程度及び分量を望ましいものにするように
選択され、その分量は露出される電極の長さが増すに従
って増える。この分量は除去される標的の組織の大きさ
と、標的の組織内の電極のスタイレットの関連する位置
とに基いて選択される。スリーブが引入れられる距離
は、スケールのような従来の測定器具を使って身体の外
部で測られることができる。
それから電極のスタイレットは、従来のスイッチを閉
じることによってRFエネルギー源からエネルギーを加え
られる。時間及び／或いは出力のレベルは制御ユニット
によって予め設定されるのが好ましい。RFエネルギーは
予め選択された時間の間、直腸用超音波イメージによっ
て破壊外傷の成長をモニタしながら標的の組織へ伝えら
れる。インピーダンスもモニタされ、それが予め設定さ
れた値を超過する時或いはするならば、パワー供給が減
らされるか或いは終端させられ得る。尿道のライニン
グ、スリーブ、及び露出した電極でさえも含め、これら
に隣接するカテーテル表面の温度は、これらの構成要素
に取付けられる温度センサを使ってモニタされ、外傷の
分量を精密に制御し、また正常な組織の過剰な加熱を防
ぐ。
標的の組織の破壊が望ましい程度まで進行された後、
医者は２つの選択を有する。スタイレットの電極がスタ
イレットの中に引入れられて、素早い回復と尿道の孔の
場所の迅速な封止とを容易にすることができる。代り
に、医者は除去された標的の組織内に溜まった何等かの
流体或いは破片を尿道に流し出させる仮の生理的ドレナ
ージの毛細管（capillary）を作ることができる。この
生理的ドレナージ毛細管は標的の組織の破壊後に、図９
に示されるように尿道のカテーテルの中へ戻る絶縁スリ
ーブ即ちシースを引戻すことによって作られることがで
きる。それから導電性のスタイレットは組織を通る小型
の中空チャンネルを“焼き鏝で焼く（sear）”即ち焼灼
するのに十分な程度までエネルギーを与えられる。この
チャンネルは最終的にはん痕及び線維症になるか、或い
はそれは封止或いは癒着するであろう。それから導電性
のスタイレットは完全に引出され、カテーテルは尿道か
らゆっくりと慎重に引出される。それから患者は投与さ
れた麻酔の種類及び患者の状態に適するようにモニタさ
れて治療される。
図10は、制御システム組立て150、手動カテーテルパ
ワー及び制御ユニット152、カテーテル154、及び脚動パ
ワー制御装置（power foot control）156の略図であ
る。脚動パワー制御装置の機能は、制御ボックス150上
の手動のディジタル・スイッチを具備する数多くの別の
方法によって、及びカテーテル・ハンドル152上のトリ
ガ装置によって達成されることができる。カテーテル組
立ての手動操作は、図12でより詳細に示される制御シス
テム150に具備されているパワー制御装置及び温度ディ
スプレイと共に、図11でより詳細に示される手動制御ユ
ニットによって制御される。
図12は、本発明のシステムの手動制御システムの実施
例の等角図である。手動制御装置152は図13に示される
コンソールに通じているチューブ160を持つピストル形
の握り158を有する。チューブ160は、RFパワー供給ケー
ブルと、温度センサ、超音波トランスデューサのパワー
及び信号伝達用リード線と、バルーン膨脹流体及び真空
用の内腔とを収容する。
ロッカー・スイッチ162及び164はバルーン30及び32の
膨らまし及び収縮を制御する（図１及び図２参照）。溝
168内を摺動するタブ166はスタイレット62に連結され、
タブ166が前方へ動かされる時、それを標的の組織の中
へ前進させる。ロータリ・ダイアル170はカテーテル154
に取付けられ、単数或いは複数のスタイレットの方向付
けのためにカテーテルを回転するのに使用されることが
できる。ウインドウ172はバルーンの膨脹のパーセント
を示す目盛りを有する。
図12は、本発明のシステムのパワー及び制御のコンソ
ール150の実施例の等角図である。このコンソールのハ
ウジングは、例えばスタイレットへのパワー、アンテナ
の温度、組織の温度、インピーダンスの値、及び他のデ
ータを示すディジタル式読取りディスプレイ176を持つ
ディスプレイ・パネル174を有する。ハウジングはシス
テム制御ボタン179を有する封止されたメンブレン・ス
イッチ・パネル178を支持することができる。パワー・
コード180は標準の出力口に通じている。ケーブル182
は、図11に示される手動カテーテル制御ユニット152に
通じている。ケーブル184は選択的な脚動パワー制御ユ
ニットに通じている。ケーブル185は単極システムで使
用するための接地用パッチに通じている。
図14は、本発明の装置の別の４本のプローブの実施例
の図である。装置はハンドル部分180とカテーテル部分1
82とを具備する。カテーテル部分182は末端のカテーテ
ル・プローブの端部186を有する細長いカテーテル184を
具備する。複数のスタイレット188はプローブ端部186か
ら外側に延在している。ハンドル部分180の端部190はカ
テーテル182の基部側の端部に取付けられ、手動制御タ
ブ192及び194はハンドル部分の側壁と摺動的係合するた
めにその上に装着される。制御のためにハンドル180を
使って、カテーテルは、身体の導管、血管構造、或いは
例えば尿道のような管の中に導入され、治療位置、例え
ば前立腺に隣接する位置まで導管を押し込まれる。スタ
イレット188は、夫々の手動制御タブの対192及び194の
動きによって末端端部190から周囲の組織を通って標的
の組織へ外側へ向って個々にまた選択的に通される。ス
タイレットが移動可能なスリーブによって取囲まれる導
電体である時、下記で更により詳細に説明されるよう
に、スリーブは手動制御タブ194の動きによってスタイ
レットの端部から引込められることができる。好ましく
は、カテーテル182の基部側の端部は身体の導管内への
挿入の間制御を容易にするために剛性であることが好ま
しく、一方では末端部分はカテーテルが曲った導管の部
分を通り抜けることができるように可撓性であることが
好ましい。
図14は、側部の口から延在しているスタイレットを持
つ図13に示されるカテーテルの末端のプローブ端部の部
分断面側面図であり、図15は、図14に示される、線15−
15に沿って採られたこの装置のプローブ端部の断面端面
図である。末端のカテーテルの先端186は、テーパされ
た先端部分198と合体する横側表面196を有するスタイレ
ット誘導ハウジングである。スタイレット188は横側表
面196から外側へ延在し、電極200及び可動性の取囲むス
リーブ202を具備する。スタイレット誘導体214の基部側
の部分204は、カテーテルのステム208の末端端部206に
連結される。そこからスタイレット203が延在している
口のような別のスタイレット口は、口216よりも先端198
からより大きい間隔を置いて配置される。図14及び図15
に示される実施例は２組のスタイレットを具備し、各対
はカテーテルの中心軸に垂直な共通の面内で口から延在
している。長手方向のアレイ或いは螺旋状のアレイのよ
うな他のスタイレットのアレイも使用されることがで
き、これらの変形例は完全に本発明の範囲内にあると考
えられるということは当業者には容易に分かるであろ
う。
カテーテルのステム208は、平行関係で配置される複
数のスタイレットのステム212を囲む外側環状ハウジン
グ210を具備する。図15から分かるように、個々のスタ
イレットは互いに角度を形成する軸を有するパスで外側
を指向する。向い合って配置されるスタイレットは180
゜までの角度を形成することができ、一方で図示される
ように、例えば隣接するスタイレットの軸は90゜までの
角度を形成することができる。
図16は、図15の線16−16に沿って採られた、本発明の
装置のプローブ端部の部分断面図である。スタイレット
は、別のスタイレット誘導体と平行するスタイレット誘
導体の基部側の端部204内のパスからスタイレット口216
を通って横方向に通じている末端のカテーテル端部186
でスタイレット誘導手段214を通って方向付けられる。
誘導パスを通るスタイレットの長手方向の動きを容易に
するために、誘導パスは口216へ延在している曲った部
分218を有することが好ましい。曲ったパスは、配備さ
れ、延在されるスタイレットを望ましい角度に偏向させ
るのに十分な半径、即ちカテーテルの直径に応じて、0.
5cmまでの半径を任意で有する。誘導パスが、口216から
曲ったパス218の始まりへ向って外側方向へ基部側のカ
テーテル端部204で軸方向に平行するパスから延在して
いる反対側に曲った部分220も有することが最上であ
る。
カテーテルの末端の先端198は超音波を反射する中空
の空間或いは気泡222を有することができ、図１に示さ
れるような直腸用プローブによって発生させられる超音
波でそれを容易に鑑定するのを可能にする。代りに、ト
ランスポンダが末端の先端198に装着されることができ
る。
図17は、図13に示される、装置のハンドル及び制御端
部のその中心軸に沿って採られた断面図である。制御ハ
ンドル180はカテーテルのステム208の制御端部に取付け
られる。ハンドル180はカテーテルのステム208の基部側
端部226を囲む軸方向のスリーブ224を形成する末端の端
部を有するハウジングを具備する。基部側端部226は、
スリーブ224を通って延在している留めねじ228によって
適所に保持される。手動係合手段192及び194は横方向の
ハンドル・ハウジングの壁230及び232を係合し、夫々の
ハウジングの壁内で夫々のスロット234及び236と摺動す
るように係合するために装着される。それらは手の動き
をスタイレット誘導手段でスタイレットの長手方向の動
きに変換する。
図18は、図13に示される、装置の制御端部の、図17に
示す線18−18に沿って採られた、断面図である。図17及
び図18の両方を参照すると、指が係合するスリーブ移動
タブ192は夫々の長手方向のスロット234を通って延在し
ている連結摺動部分238と、ハンドル壁230の内側表面と
摺動的係合を形成する内側部分240とに連結される。連
結摺動部分でスロット242は、スリーブ・コネクタ246を
通って延在しているピン244を受容する。従ってタブ192
の軸方向の動きはハンドル内の対応するスリーブ248の
軸方向の動きを生じる。ハンドルの各側部は一対の長手
方向に平行するスロットを有し、スリーブと導電体の両
方のために手動のタブを収容することができる。
図19は、図13に示された器具の制御端部の、図18に示
す線19−19に沿って採られた、断面図である。図17及び
図19を参照すると、指が係合する導電体移動タブ194
は、夫々の長手方向のスロット236を通って、ハンドル
壁232の内側表面と摺動的係合を形成する内側部分252へ
延在している連結摺動部分250で連結される。スロット2
54は導電体・コネクタ258を通って延在しているピン256
を受容する。従ってタブ194の軸方向の動きは、ハンド
ル内の対応する導電体260の軸方向の動きを生じる。
隣接するタブ192及び194の動きは、対応するスリーブ
と導電体とを一緒に、対応するスタイレット誘導体を通
って、対応するスタイレット口から出て、介在する組織
を通り、除去される標的の組織へ進める。除去に先立っ
てスリーブ・タブ192を逆方向へ動かして、スリーブを
引込めて、組織内で導電体表面の選択された領域を露出
する。
図20は、図17及び図18に示される実施例の非導電性ス
リーブの側面図であり、図21は図20に示された非導電性
スリーブの、線21−21に沿って採られた、断面図であ
る。連結ピン244はスリーブ・コネクタ246の孔を通って
延在する。スリーブ・コネクタ246の軸方向の縁部は、
スリーブの基部側の端部部分248に連結される。
図22は、図17及び図19に示される実施例の導電体・コ
ネクタの側面図であり、図23は、図22に示された導電体
・コネクタの、線23−23に沿って採られた、断面図であ
る。連結ピン256は、導電体・コネクタ258の孔を通って
延在する。導電体・コネクタ258の軸方向の縁部は、導
電体の基部側端部部分260に連結される。
図24は、図15乃至図17に示された非導電性スリーブの
末端端部の、その中心軸に沿って採られた、断面図であ
る。非導電性スリーブは202は、テイパの付けられた先
導先端部262と剛性の基部側部分264とを具備する。可撓
性部分266は先導先端部262と剛性の基部側部分264まで
の間に延在する。可撓性部分266は、螺旋型コイル、ワ
イヤ・ブレイド、ステンレス鋼チューブ、或いは必要と
される可撓性及びトルク強度を有するカテーテルをもた
らす何等かの別の可撓性の構成の何等かの可撓性の形状
であり得る。可撓性部分266及び剛性の基部側の部分264
が金属のような導電性材料からできているならば、それ
らは絶縁性スリーブ268で被覆され得る。剛性の基部側
の部分の環状リッジ270及び先端部のフランジ272はスリ
ーブを係合して、スリーブを適所に固定する。非導電性
スリーブ202の内側内腔274は電気コネクタ200を受容す
る。サーミスタ271のような温度センサは先端部に装着
されて、局部の温度の情報を提供する。超音波トランス
ポンダ273も先端部に装着されて、除去される組織内の
スタイレットの先端部の精密な位置決めに有用な信号を
提供することができる。
図25は、本発明のRF除去カテーテルの２本のスタイレ
ットの好ましい実施例の平面図である。ハンドル302に
取付けられた可撓性のカテーテル300は２本のスタイレ
ット306及び308を持つ終端スタイレット誘導体304を有
する。ハンドルは、下記でより詳細に説明されるよう
に、スタイレット・スリーブ・タブ358と電極タブ354と
を有する。ハンドルは、視覚モニタ301、RFパワー・コ
ネクタ303、トランスポンダ・コネクタ305、及び熱電対
307にも連結される。ハンドル302からスタイレット誘導
体先端部304へ通じているカテーテル300の部分は、選択
的に累進的な剛性度を有する。例えば、カテーテルはハ
ンドルの近くでより剛性になり、先端部の近くでより可
撓性になるか、或いはなんらかの別の剛性の輪郭である
ように設計されることができる。カテーテルは、米国特
許第5,322,064号に説明されるような、外側の可撓性ス
リーブを持つ内側にスロットを有するステンレス鋼チュ
ーブで構成されることができ、それを具備する全体はこ
こで参考資料として組入れられる。それは、外側スリー
ブが接着されるコイル或いは組ひものワイヤからも作ら
れることができる。
図26は、図25に示される実施例のスタイレットの先端
分の平面図であり、図27は、図26に示される単一の研磨
電極の先端部の側面図であり、図28は、図27で示される
電極の先端部の端面図である。この実施例に於て鋭くさ
れた先端部326及び先導する切削刃328及び330は先端の
１つの表面を研磨することによって形成され、切削刃部
は先端部の中心軸と平行する線と15゜乃至45゜、好まし
くは25゜乃至35゜の角度“d"を形成する。先端部の基部
側表面は、スリーブ336の先導即ち末端端部が当接する
肩部332を形成し、鋭くされた先端部の上にスリーブが
動くのを妨げる。スリーブ336は、サーミスタ338のよう
な温度センサ及び超音波トランスポンダ340も支持する
ことができる。
図29は代替の双研磨電極の先端の側面図であり、図30
は図29に示された電極の先端の端面図である。この実施
例に於いて、鋭くされた先端342及び誘導切削刃344と34
6はこの先端の両表面を研磨する事で形成される。この
先端の基部側表面はスリーブの誘導或いは末端端部（図
示されていない）が当接してスリーブが鋭い先端の上に
移動するのを防ぐ肩部348を形成する。この実施例の前
方切削刃はカテーテル先端のスタイレット誘導体の内側
表面と殆ど接触せずこの切削刃のなまくらになる事を防
ぐ。
図31は図25の除去カテーテルのハンドル部分の平面図
である。ハンドル302はその上で摺動体352を位置付けて
いるスタイレット・スリーブと摺動体354を手動チュー
ブ356と358と共に位置付けている電極とがハウジングの
中心軸の方向に摺動する様に装着されるハウジング上部
プレート350を有する。ハウジング・プレート表面に目
盛られたマーキング362に対応する摺動体の先導端部360
の位置は、スリーブとスタイレットがスタイレット誘導
体から治療される組織に向かって進められた距離を決め
るのに使用される。
図32は部分的に取除かれたハウジング・カバー・プレ
ートを持つ、線32−32に沿って採られた図31に示される
ハンドル部分の側面図である。カテーテル300の基部側
端部は、ナールの付いた円筒状ノブ366と、ハウジング
上部プレート350とハウジング下部プレート370との末端
端部に向い合う半円筒状表面により形成される円筒状レ
セプタ368との円筒状孔364を通る。ナールの付いた円筒
状ノブ366の基部側端部は、ハウジングプレート350と37
0との末端端部で形成された円筒状突出部374と摺動嵌合
を形成する円筒状レセプタ372を具備する。止めねじ376
はノブ366をカテーテル300に固着させこれらが一体とし
て一緒に回転する様にする。ピン368はノブ366を突抜け
環状の溝380内迄延在して、ノブ366のシリンダ374に対
する回転を許容するが軸方向の動きを妨げる。ハウジン
グプレート350に対するノブ366の角度位置はノブ上の目
盛り384に対する矢印382（図31）によって示される。ナ
ールの付いたノブ386はハウジングプレート350の孔388
にねじ係合する。カテーテル・ノブ366がカテーテル300
（及びその端部上のスタイレット誘導体）を回す様に望
まれたスタイレットの方向迄回されてしまった時の、カ
テーテル・プレート390に対するノブ386の前進はその角
度位置を固定する。それでスタイレットは回りの組織を
通って目盛り362で示される必要な深さまで進められ
る。
図33はカテーテルと末端ノブと底部のカバー・プレー
トとが取除かれている図31に示されたハンドル部分の底
面図であり、図34は図33の線34−34に沿って採られたハ
ンドル部分の断面図である。スタイレット移動誘導面39
2と394はハウジング上部プレート350の内側表面の終端
端部レセプタ396にしっかりと装着される。夫々の誘導
面392と394はその中にスリーブ誘導スロット398と電極
誘導スロット400とを有する。ねじ402は、スリーブ誘導
スロット400を通って延在し、スリーブ誘導ブロック404
にねじ係合する。ねじ402とそれに取付けられた誘導ブ
ロック404との軸方向の移動はスロット398の長さにより
制限される。スタイレット・スリーブ408に取付けられ
たスリーブ・コネクタ406はねじ410によって誘導ブロッ
ク404に固着される。ハウジングプレート350のスロット
414内での摺動の為に装着された摺動プレート352は誘導
ブロック404に固着される。ねじ416はスリーブ誘導スロ
ット400を通って延在し、電極誘導ブロック418にねじ係
合する。ねじ416とそれに取付けられた誘導ブロック418
との軸方向の移動はスロット400の長さにより制限され
る。スタイレット電極422に取付けられた電極コネクタ4
20はねじ424によって誘導ブロック418に固着される。ハ
ウジング・プレート350のスロット426内での摺動の為に
装着された摺動プレート354は誘導ブロック418に固着さ
れる。
図35はスタイレットとスリーブの引入れられた位置に
ある（図31の位置に対応する）図32に示されるハンドル
部分の中央部分の断面図である。図36は伸ばされた位置
にあるスタイレットとスリーブのある断面図であり、図
37は伸ばされた位置にあるスタイレットとそこから部分
的に引入れられた位置にあるスリーブとのある断面図で
ある。スタイレット誘導体が治療される標的の組織に横
方向で隣接する位置に来る迄カテーテルが挿入され、ス
タイレット誘導体の出口が標的の組織の方向に向く迄カ
テーテルが回されて終った後でスタイレットが伸ばされ
る。手動タブ356と358を図36に示されるハンドルの末端
端部の方に動かす事によってスタイレットは介在組織を
通り標的の組織まで伸ばされる。この事はスタイレット
・スリーブ408と電極422との同期した動きをもたらす。
電極の先端422が標的の組織の中にある様になる望まれ
た伸び迄伸ばしが行われた後で、目盛り362により示さ
れる電極の望まれた部分（図31）を露出する様に手動タ
ブ356を動かす事によりスリーブ408は図37に示される位
置まで引入れられる。そしてRF電流が、必要な除去が達
成される迄、電極に印加される。
図38は、重なり合う領域の除去の為のスタイレットの
方向を示している、前立腺内の二本のスタイレットの配
置の略図である。限定することなしに例示するために前
立腺はこの説明のために選択され、本体の他の領域に対
する応用が含まれることが意図される。
BPHの治療に対して治療される組織は、前立腺の遷移
領域428にある。この本発明のカテーテル430は尿道432
から前立腺に隣接する位置まで挿入される。２本のスタ
イレット434及び436は、尿道壁432及び周囲の組織を通
って標的の組織の中へ押され、非導電スリーブ438及び4
40は、各スタイレットの端部で夫々の導電体の部分422
及び444を露出するように引込まれる。この実施例のス
タイレットの軸間の角度“e"は、180゜未満、好ましく
は110゜未満である。最も重なり合っている除去のため
に、15゜乃至90゜、より一般的には20゜乃至70゜の角度
が最も実際的である。接地プレート（図示されていな
い）は身体の外側に配置される。
電極から接地プレートへの回路が閉じられて電極442
及び444にRF電流が供給される。組織を通って流れる電
流密度は、治療される標的の組織を通り抜け、重なり合
うゾーン446及び448のほぼ断面の形状を有する外傷を作
る。電流密度は距離の関数として急速に下がり、外傷の
大きさを制限する。このようにして、外傷はより大きな
外傷を形成するように重なり合わされ、治療効果を高め
ることができる。これらの工程は、説明されたように、
同時に、或いは連続的に実行されることができ、これら
の変更例は本発明に含まれるように意図されるというこ
とは容易に明白であろう。
主題の発明の好ましい実施例はある程度詳細に説明さ
れたが、添付の請求の範囲によって規定される本発明の
意図及び真意から逸脱することなしに明白な変形例が作
られ得るということが理解される。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ルンドキスト、インジェマー・エイチ アメリカ合衆国、カリフォルニア州 93953、ペブル・ビーチ、マイル・ドラ イブ・アットザ・デュンス 17 (72)発明者 シャーキー、ヒュー・アール アメリカ合衆国、カリフォルニア州 94061、レッドウッド・シティ、アイリ ス・ストリート 654 (56)参考文献 米国特許5454809（ＵＳ，Ａ) 米国特許4565200（ＵＳ，Ａ) 米国特許4950267（ＵＳ，Ａ) 国際公開92／7622（ＷＯ，Ａ１) 国際公開92／10142（ＷＯ，Ａ１) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) A61N 1/40 A61N 5/02 A61N 5/06

Claims (11)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】底部を有する膀胱と、長手方向軸線に沿っ
    て膀胱の底部に延びる尿道壁によって形成された尿道を
    もつ陰茎とを有し、膀胱の底部の近傍に尿道を取り囲む
    前立腺の組織をもつ男性の前立腺の組織における標的を
    ラジオ周波数除去によって治療するための医療用装置で
    あって、 基端及び末端と長手方向軸線とを有し、尿道に挿入可能
    に寸法決めされ、かつ、先端が前立腺の近傍に配置され
    たとき、基端が尿道の外にあるような長さを有し、ま
    た、基端から先端に延びる通路を有する細長いプローブ
    部材と、 前記細長いプローブ部材の通路に摺動自在に配置された
    スタイレットと、 前記細長いプローブ部材の基端に連結されたハンドル
    と、 前記ハンドルによって支持され、かつ、スタイレットを
    細長いプローブ部材の通路内で移動させるために、スタ
    イレットに連結された操作手段と、 ラジオ周波数エネルギーをスタイレットに供給するため
    に、スタイレットに連結された戻りパスを含む手段とを
    有し、 前記スタイレットは、尖った先端をもつラジオ周波数導
    電性電極と、ラジオ周波数導電性電極の末端部分は絶縁
    されずに、ラジオ周波数エネルギーがラジオ周波数導電
    性電極に供給されるとき、前立腺の標的における組織を
    除去するために前立腺の組織に露出されるように、ラジ
    オ周波数導電性電極に同軸状に配置された絶縁材の層と
    を有し、また、絶縁材の層が尿道壁を通して延び、尿道
    壁をラジオ周波数導電性電極に供給されたラジオ周波数
    エネルギーから保護することを特徴とする医療用装置。
  2. 【請求項２】前記絶縁材の層及び前記ラジオ周波数導電
    性電極が、相対的に摺動移動可能であり、また、前記ハ
    ンドルが、前記ラジオ周波数導電性電極と絶縁材の層と
    の間の相対移動をさせるため、前記ラジオ周波数導電性
    電極と前記絶縁材の層に固定された手段を有する、こと
    を特徴とする請求項１に記載の医療用装置。
  3. 【請求項３】ラジオ周波数導電性電極が、軸線方向に内
    腔を貫通する管状である、ことを特徴とする請求項１に
    記載の医療用装置。
  4. 【請求項４】細長いプローブ部材の通路に摺動自在に配
    置された更なるスタイレットと、ハンドルによって支持
    され、かつ、前記更なるスタイレットを前記細長いプロ
    ーブ部材の通路内で移動させるために、前記更なるスタ
    イレットに連結された走者手段とを有し、前記更なるス
    タイレットは、尖った先端をもつラジオ周波数導電性電
    極と、ラジオ周波数導電性電極に同軸状に配置された絶
    縁材の層とを有し、前記更なるスタイレットの前記ラジ
    オ周波数導電性電極の末端部分が絶縁されずに、ラジオ
    周波数エネルギーが前記更なるスタイレットの前記ラジ
    オ周波数導電性電極に供給されるとき、前立腺の標的に
    おける組織を除去するために前立腺の組織に露出され、
    また、前記更なるスタイレットの絶縁材の層が尿道壁を
    通して延び、尿道壁を前記更なるスタイレットの前記ラ
    ジオ周波数導電性電極に供給されたラジオ周波数エネル
    ギーから保護する、ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の
    医療用装置。
  5. 【請求項５】ラジオ周波数導電性電極が、前立腺の標的
    の中に互いに鋭角をなして延びる、ことを特徴とする請
    求項４に記載の医療用装置。
  6. 【請求項６】前記戻りパスを含む手段が、ラジオ周波数
    導電性電極の間に配置された組織を除去するように、ラ
    ジオ周波数エネルギーを第１のラジオ周波数導電性電極
    に、前立腺の組織を通って第２のラジオ周波数導電性電
    極へと供給するための手段を有する、ことを特徴とする
    請求項４に記載の医療用装置。
  7. 【請求項７】除去を行っている間、前立腺の組織の温度
    を測定するために、絶縁材の層に設けられた温度を測定
    するための手段を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項１に
    記載の医療用装置。
  8. 【請求項８】前立腺における組織のインピーダンスを測
    定するための手段を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項１
    に記載の医療用装置。
  9. 【請求項９】絶縁材の層が、内方かつラジオ周波数導電
    性電極の尖った先端に向かって先端方向にテーパされた
    先端を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の医療
    用装置。
  10. 【請求項１０】ラジオ周波数導電性電極が、導電性材料
    のみで構成されている、ことを特徴とする請求項１に記
    載の医療用装置。
  11. 【請求項１１】細長いプローブ部材によって支持され、
    かつ、スタイレットが長手方向軸線に対して角度をなし
    て延びるように、スタイレットが湾曲した通路を通って
    移動させるため、細長いプローブ部材の通路の中に協働
    的に設けられた手段を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項
    １に記載の医療用装置。
JP06506335A 1992-08-12 1993-08-11 医療用プローブ装置 Expired - Fee Related JP3128242B2 (ja)

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US929,638 1993-02-02
US012,370 1993-02-02
US08/012,370 US5370675A (en) 1992-08-12 1993-02-02 Medical probe device and method
PCT/US1993/007437 WO1994004220A1 (en) 1992-08-12 1993-08-11 Medical probe device and method

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JPH07503645A JPH07503645A (ja) 1995-04-20
JP3128242B2 true JP3128242B2 (ja) 2001-01-29

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EP (3) EP0611314B1 (ja)
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AT (1) ATE132046T1 (ja)
AU (2) AU657235B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR9306893A (ja)
CA (2) CA2121032C (ja)
DE (4) DE4305663C2 (ja)
ES (2) ES2084510T3 (ja)
FI (1) FI950584A (ja)
FR (1) FR2694700B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB2269538B (ja)
IL (1) IL104647A (ja)
IN (1) IN182704B (ja)
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