JP2007525263A - カテーテルによる血管の状態の検出方法及び装置 - Google Patents
カテーテルによる血管の状態の検出方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
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- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
- A61B17/2202—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement the ultrasound transducer being inside patient's body at the distal end of the catheter
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- A61B2017/22082—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において説明する或る特定の実施形態は、患者の血管系内の治療部位のところの状態を検出する方法及び器械を提供する。検出された状態を用いて患者の治療を誘導し又は調節するのがよい。一実施形態では、治療部位は、患者の血管系内の閉塞部のところ又はその近くに置かれる。別の実施形態では、患者の神経血管系内の閉塞部の存在場所を突き止める。以下に説明するように、状態を種々の仕方で用いると、治療を促進することができる。例えば、検出された状態を用いると、治療器具に対する閉塞部の位置、血液の流れが再び確立された度合又は程度及び(又は)患者の状態を指示することができる。検出された状態を治療部位のところの状態に関する有益な情報を提供する多くの測定可能な特性のうちの任意のものから決定できる。かかる特性としては、治療部位のところの血管系内の温度、圧力、化学的組成物及びガス組成物が挙げられるが、これらには限定されない。以下に説明するように、治療部位のところの状態を検出する方法及び器械は、種々の治療法と組み合わせて利用できる。しかしながら、好ましい実施形態のうちの多くは、細い血管又は小さな内径を持つ他の体内管腔の治療に用いるのに好適な超音波カテーテルと組み合わせて説明される。かかる実施形態を用いると、体内の治療部位のところにおける薬剤、薬物、薬理学的作用剤及び他の治療用製剤の治療効果を高めることができる。これについては、例えば、米国特許第5,318,014号明細書、同第5,362,309号明細書、同第5,474,531号明細書、同第5,628,728号明細書、同第6,001,069号明細書及び同第6,210,356号明細書を参照されたい。本明細書において説明する或る特定の実施形態は、細い血管、例えば、大脳動脈中の血栓性閉塞部の治療に用いるのに特に好適である。しかしながら、かかる治療用製剤は又、体内の多種多様な場所、例えば、循環器系の他の部分、中実組織、管系及び体腔でも利用できる。上述の特許文献を参照により引用し、これらの記載内容を本明細書の一部とする。
図1〜図2Bは、遠位解剖学的構造の細い血管、例えば、脳内に位置する遠隔の小径血管内に用いられるのに好適な超音波カテーテル100の例示の実施形態を示している。
本明細書において説明したカテーテルを製造するには、種々のカテーテルコンポーネントをカテーテル組立体上に次々に位置決めするのがよい。例えば、一製造方法では、超音波輻射部材124を細長い管の中間部分の外面に嵌める。細長い管は、内部コア110としての役目を果たし、この管は、投与ルーメン112を形成する。次に、第1のワイヤ126及び第2のワイヤ128も又超音波輻射部材124の近位側で内部コア110の外面に沿って配置する。図2Aに示すように、第1のワイヤ126を超音波輻射部材124の内面に電気的に接続し、第2のワイヤを超音波輻射部材124の外面に電気的に接続する。電気的接続は、例えばはんだ継手を用いて達成できる。
上述したように、超音波カテーテルが患者の血管系を通って前進している間に座屈し又はキンクを生じた場合、超音波輻射部材を治療部位まで運ぶことは可能ではない場合がある。さらに、カテーテルの座屈又はキンクは、患者の血管系を損傷させる場合があり、しかもガイドワイヤが管状本体内でつかえて動かなくなる場合がある。かくして、患者の血管系の困難な領域中のナビゲーションを可能にするのに十分な可撓性を保持しながら耐キンク及び座屈性を高めた改良型超音波カテーテルが開発された。これら特性の向上は、改良型複合投与ルーメンを提供することにより得られる。
上述したように、超音波カテーテルは、超音波輻射部材の近くの遠位領域に可撓性の減少した領域を有する場合が多い。この遠位剛性部分は、特に遠位剛性部分の長さが増大すると、患者の血管系の困難な領域を通るカテーテルの移動を阻害する場合がある。この問題は、可撓性遠位先端部が楕円化状態になり、超音波カテーテルがガイドワイヤ上でこれに沿って動いている間にガイドワイヤを挟んだ場合に顕在化する場合が多い。
図6は、本明細書において説明している超音波カテーテル100に用いることができる制御システム68の一実施形態を示している。例示の実施形態では、制御システム68は、制御ボックスコネクタ120(図1に示されている)によって超音波カテーテル100に組込まれた状態でこれに作動的に接続されている。制御システム68により、温度センサ136により検出された温度をモニタすることができ、しかも、超音波輻射部材124を駆動するために用いられるエネルギー源70の出力電圧をそれに応じて調節することができる。制御システム68は、閉ループフィードバックシステム又は開ループフィードバックシステムとして構成されたものであるのがよい。図6では1つの超音波輻射部材124及び1つの温度センサ136が示されているが、改造型実施形態では、追加の超音波輻射部材及び(又は)温度センサを用いてもよい。
血液の流れの再確立
上述したように、本明細書において開示している超音波カテーテルの種々の実施形態を治療用製剤と共に用いると、凝血を溶解させると共に血管内での血液の流れを再確立することができる。凝血を十分溶解させて血液の流れを再確立した後、治療用製剤及び(又は)超音波エネルギーの投与を中断するのがよい。治療用製剤は、血液の流れを再確立した後にこれを引き続き投与した場合、副作用を引き起こす場合がある。加うるに、超音波エネルギーの発生は、熱を生じさせる傾向があり、これにより血管が損傷する場合がある。さらに、血液の流れを再確立した後、患者の治療は、別のステージに移ると共に(或いは)別の閉塞部に移る必要のある場合がある。かくして、凝血を十分に溶解させると共に(或いは)血液の流れを十分に再確立した時期を判定するために用いることができる方法及び装置を開発した。
別の実施形態では、治療部位88のところ又はその近くで取られた温度測定値は、血液の流れの再確立及び(又は)凝血に対するカテーテルの位置を判定する際の助けとして用いられる。かかる一実施形態では、熱検出器152が取り付けられ又は結合され、或いは熱源150の近くに位置決めされる(例えば図2及び図7に示されている)。別のかかる実施形態では、熱検出器152は、熱源から軸方向に間隔を置いて設けられる(例えば、図8に示されている)。一実施形態では、凝血溶解治療が進むにつれ、カテーテルの周りの血液の流れが増大し、それにより熱源150により生じた熱エネルギーのうち幾分かを運び去るのに役立つ血液の流れが増大する。熱源150に送られる平均電力が実質的に一定である実施形態では、例えば、熱源150が超音波輻射部材である場合、熱エネルギーは、実質的に一定の量で治療部位88に送られることになる。かかる実施形態では、治療部位88のところで観察される温度が実質的に一定である場合、熱消散と熱発生との間には実質的に定常状態が存在する。
上述したように、説明したカテーテルにより収集された熱に関する情報を種々の仕方で用いると患者の治療を促進することができる。しかしながら、他の特性又は局所測定値も又、患者の治療を促進するために使用できることが予想される。
Claims (22)
- 患者の血管系中の治療部位のところに位置する血管閉塞部を治療する方法であって、
神経血管用カテーテルを前記治療部位まで前進させるステップと、
前記神経血管用カテーテル上に位置決めされたセンサを用いて前記治療部位のところの特性を検出するステップと、
少なくとも或る程度は前記検出された特性に基づいて治療パラメータを選択するステップと、
前記血管閉塞部を治療するステップとを有する、方法。 - 前記神経血管用カテーテルを前記治療部位まで前進させるステップは、前記神経血管用カテーテルを患者の神経血管系中へ前進させるステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記治療部位のところの特性を検出する前記ステップは、前記治療部位のところの温度を検出するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記治療部位のところの特性を検出する前記ステップは、前記治療部位のところの化合物を検出するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 少なくとも或る程度は前記検出された特性に基づいて治療パラメータを選択する前記ステップは、前記神経血管用カテーテルの位置を前記閉塞部に対して調節するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 少なくとも或る程度は前記検出された特性に基づいて治療パラメータを選択する前記ステップは、前記治療部位に与えられる治療用製剤の量を選択するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記血管閉塞部を治療する前記ステップは、超音波エネルギーを前記治療部位に投与するステップを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 熱源及び熱検出器を有するカテーテルを患者の血管系中に位置決めするステップと、
熱エネルギーを前記熱源から前記患者の血管系に投与するステップと、
前記熱検出器を用いて複数の温度測定値を取るステップと、
前記温度測定値を用いて前記患者の血管系中の遮断部に対する前記カテーテルの位置を求めるステップとを有する、方法。 - 熱エネルギーを前記熱源から前記患者の血管系に投与する前記ステップは、超音波エネルギーを投与するステップを含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記温度測定値をディスプレイ上に表示するステップを更に有する、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記遮断部を縮小させるよう工夫された医学的治療を実施するステップを更に有する、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記遮断部を縮小させるよう工夫された医学的治療を実施するステップを更に有し、前記医学的治療は、超音波エネルギー及び治療用製剤を前記カテーテルから前記患者の血管系に投与することを含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記遮断部を縮小させるよう工夫された医学的治療を実施するステップを更に有し、前記医学的治療は、前記カテーテルから凝血捕捉器具を配備することを含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 患者の血管系中の閉塞部を治療する方法であって、
カテーテルを前記患者の血管系中の治療部位に位置決めするステップを有し、遮断部が前記治療部位のところに位置しており、
医学的治療を前記治療部位のところで実施するステップを有し、前記医学的治療は、前記遮断部を減少させるよう工夫されており、
前記治療部位のところで複数の温度測定値を取るステップを有し、
前記温度測定値を用いて前記遮断部の縮小具合を評価するステップを有する、方法。 - 患者の血管系中の治療部位のところに位置する血管閉塞部を治療する方法であって、
ガイドワイヤルーメンを備えたカテーテルをガイドワイヤ上でこれに沿って前記治療部位まで前進させるステップと、
前記ガイドワイヤを前記ガイドワイヤルーメンから抜去するステップと、
前記カテーテルのガイドワイヤルーメンを通ってセンサを前進させるステップと、
前記センサにより前記治療部位の状態を検出するステップと、
前記血管閉塞部を治療するステップとを有する、方法。 - 前記血管閉塞部を治療する前に前記センサを前記カテーテルから取り出すステップを更に有する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 超音波エネルギーを用いて前記血管閉塞部を治療するステップを更に有する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 血管閉塞部を治療するためのカテーテルであって、
血管系中に挿入されるように形作られた細長い管状本体を有し、該細長い管状本体は、遠位端部及び近位端部を有し、前記カテーテルの治療ゾーンに位置決めされる少なくとも1つの開口部を備えた薬剤投与ルーメンを構成し、
前記カテーテルの前記治療ゾーンに位置決めされた光センサと、
前記光センサから前記カテーテルの前記近位端部まで延びる少なくとも1本の光ファイバとを有する、
カテーテル。 - 前記治療ゾーン内に位置決めされた少なくとも1つの超音波要素を更に有する、請求項18記載のカテーテル。
- 血管閉塞部を治療するためのカテーテルであって、
血管系中に挿入されるよう形作られた細長い管状本体と、
前記管状本体によって少なくとも一部が構成された薬剤投与ルーメンと、
前記管状本体内に挿入され、前記カテーテルの遠位端部から近位端部まで延びるよう形作られたセンサ要素とを有し、該センサ要素は、少なくとも1本の光ファイバ及び光センサを備える、
カテーテル。 - 血管閉塞部を治療するためのカテーテルであって、
血管系中に挿入されるように形作られた細長い管状本体を有し、該細長い管状本体は、遠位端部及び近位端部を有し、前記カテーテルの治療ゾーンに位置決めされる少なくとも1つの開口部を備えた薬剤投与ルーメンを構成し、
前記カテーテルの前記治療ゾーンに位置決めされた光センサと、
前記光センサから前記カテーテルの前記近位端部まで延びる少なくとも1本の光ファイバとを有する、
カテーテル。 - 患者の神経血管系中の血管閉塞部を治療するためのシステムであって、
血管系中に挿入されるように形作られた細長い管状本体を有し、該細長い管状本体は、遠位端部及び近位端部を有し、前記カテーテルの治療ゾーンに位置決めされる少なくとも1つの開口部を備えた薬剤投与ルーメンを構成し、
前記治療ゾーン内に位置決めされた超音波要素と、
前記カテーテルの前記治療ゾーンに位置決めされたセンサと、
前記センサにより収集された情報を表示するよう構成されたディスプレイユニットとを有する、
システム。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2553165A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
WO2005072409A3 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
US9107590B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
EP1713537A2 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
EP1713537A4 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
WO2005072409A2 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
US20050215946A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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