JP6673598B2 - ペーシングを伴う組織の高分解能マッピング - Google Patents
ペーシングを伴う組織の高分解能マッピング Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2014年11月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/081,710号明細書および2015年7月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/193,547号明細書に対する優先権を主張し、それらの各々の全内容が全体として参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
である。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルは0.1〜3ミリアンペア(mA)(たとえば、0.1〜0.2mA、0.2〜0.3mA、0.3〜0.4mA、0.4〜0.5mA、0.5〜0.6mA、0.6〜0.7mA、0.7〜0.8mA、0.8〜0.9mA、0.9〜1.0mA、1.0〜1.1mA、1.1〜1.2mA、1.2〜1.3mA、1.3〜1.4mA、1.4〜1.5mA、1.5〜1.6mA、1.6〜1.7mA、1.7〜1.8mA、1.8〜1.9mA、1.9〜2mA、2〜2.5mA、2.5〜3mA等)である。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルは0.5〜2ミリアンペア(mA)である。
高レベル未満に低下した後、アブレーション電極への焼灼エネルギーの送達を終了するステップをさらに含む。
関するデータを提供するステップをさらに含む。いくつかの実施形態では、少なくとも1つの出力部はディスプレイ(たとえば、ディスプレイ、他のモニタ等)を備える。いくつかの実施形態では、対象者の心拍数に関するデータが電気生理学(EP)記録システムを介して提供され、かつEP記録システムによって処理される。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション電極に焼灼エネルギーを送達するステップは、高周波(RF)エネルギーを送達するステップを含む。
〜160bpm、160〜165bpm、165〜170bpm、170〜175bpm、175〜180bpm、180〜185bpm、185〜190bpm、190〜195bpm、195〜200bpm等)である。いくつかの実施形態では、所定のペーシングレベルでの心臓組織のペーシング時の心拍数の高レベルは120〜150心拍数/分(bpm)である。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルは0.1〜3ミリアンペア(mA)(たとえば、0.1〜0.2mA、0.2〜0.3mA、0.3〜0.4mA、0.4〜0.5mA、0.5〜0.6mA、0.6〜0.7mA、0.7〜0.8mA、0.8〜0.9mA、0.9〜1.0mA、1.0〜1.1mA、1.1〜1.2mA、1.2〜1.3mA、1.3〜1.4mA、1.4〜1.5mA、1.5〜1.6mA、1.6〜1.7mA、1.7〜1.8mA、1.8〜1.9mA、1.9〜2mA、2〜2.5mA、2.5〜3mA等)である。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルは0.5〜2ミリアンペア(mA)である。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション後ペーシング閾値レベルは10ミリアンペア(mA)を上回る。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション後ペーシング閾値レベルは20ミリアンペア(mA)を上回る。
ペーシング閾値レベルを上回るペーシングレベルを含み、プロセッサは、対象者の心臓の捕捉の喪失後に電極へのエネルギーの送達を終了するように構成されている。
カに結合するように構成されており、プロセッサは、ペースメーカによってカテーテルに提供される所定のペーシング信号を介して、対象者の心拍数を基準レベルから高レベルまで増加させるように構成されており、所定のペーシング信号はアブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルを上回るペーシングレベルを含み、プロセッサは、対象者の心臓の捕捉の喪失後に電極へのエネルギーの送達を終了するように構成されている。
ャフト、ワイヤおよび/または他の細長い器具を含む。他の実施形態では、医療器具は、血管内に配置されず、腹腔鏡または開腹処置を介して血管外に配置される。さまざまな実施形態では、医療器具20は、カテーテル、シャフト、ワイヤおよび/または他の細長い器具を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、医療器具20の遠位端に、またはその細長いシャフトに沿ってもしくはそのハンドル内に、1つまたは複数の温度検知デバイスまたはシステム60(たとえば、熱電対、サーミスタ等)を含めることができる。「遠位端」という用語は、必ずしも遠位先端または遠位端を意味するとは限らない。遠位端は、遠位先端、または遠位先端から間隔が空けられているが概して医療器具20の遠位端部分における位置を意味することができる。
その近くに配置された温度センサ(たとえば、熱電対)は、アブレーション部材と標的組織との間に接触がなされているか否か(および/またはこうした接触がどの程度なされているか)の判断に役立つことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、こうしたピーク温度は、放射測定を用いることなく求められる。
ャップ、したがって、物理的に(たとえばギャップにより)分離されているが互いに近接している追加の電極または電極部分210、212、214の使用により、システムの高分解能マッピング能力に対する追加の利益を提供することができる。たとえば、2つ(または3つ以上)のギャップを使用することにより、治療されている組織に関するより正確な高分解能マッピングデータを提供することができる。こうした複数のギャップは、心臓信号伝播の指向性に関する情報を提供することができる。さらに、複数のギャップを含む高分解能電極部分による高分解能マッピングにより、アブレーションプロセス中の損傷部の進行のより広範な観察と、標的治療容積内に生存組織ストランドが残されていないというより高い確実性とを提供することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、複数のギャップを含む高分解能電極は、焼灼された組織の表面に対するマッピングされた組織の表面の比を最適化することができる。好ましくは、こうした比は、0.2〜0.8の範囲(たとえば、0.2〜0.3、0.3〜0.4、0.4〜0.5、0.5〜0.6、0.6〜0.7、0.7〜0.8、上記範囲の間の比等)である。図4は、合計3つの電極または電極部分210、212、214(したがって、2つのギャップG1、G2)を有する実施形態を示すが、さらなる電極または電極部分、したがってさらなるギャップを備えるように、システムを設計しまたは変更することができる。たとえば、いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーションまたは他の治療システムは、要求または必要に応じて、4つ以上(たとえば、5、6、7、8、9つ以上等)の電極または電極部分(したがって、3つ以上、たとえば3、4、5、6、7つのギャップ、8つ以上のギャップ等)を含むことができる。こうした構成では、図2〜図4に示す実施形態に従って、隣接する電極または電極部分の間にギャップ(および/または電気的セパレータ)を配置することができる。
または複数を配置することができる。
は複数の構成要素または特徴を有することができる。さらに、こうしたモジュールは、要求または必要に応じて、手動でまたは自動的に操作されるように構成することができる。
される。しかしながら、他の実施形態では、フィルタリング素子は、カテーテルと分離されている。たとえば、カテーテルが固定されるハンドル内にまたはそれに沿って、発生器または他のエネルギー送達モジュール内に、別個のプロセッサまたは他のコンピューティングデバイスまたはコンポーネント内等に、フィルタリング素子を配置することができる。
おける電位図400aの振幅A1は、すでに焼灼されたかまたは治療された電位図400bの振幅A2より大きい。したがって、いくつかの実施形態では、電位図の振幅を測定して、組織が治療されたか否かを判断することができる。たとえば、対象者の未治療組織の電位図振幅A1を記録し、ベースラインとして使用することができる。その後の電位図振幅測定値を取得し、組織が適切なまたは所望の程度まで焼灼されたかまたは治療されたか否かを判断しようとして、こうしたベースライン振幅に対して比較することができる。
に行うことができる。
または複数の(たとえば、2、3、4つ以上等)追加のマッピング電極(たとえば、標準的なリング電極)を備えることができる。たとえば、いくつかの実施形態では、カテーテル2220は、2つのリング電極2228を含むことができ、それらは、高分解能電極または電極部分に対して近位に配置され、かつ対象者の周囲の組織からマッピングデータを取得するように構成されている。
5〜30mA、上記範囲の間の電流、30mAを超える電流等)。いくつかの実施形態では、ペースメーカ装置またはシステムによって提供されるペーシング電流は5〜20mA(たとえば、10〜15mA)である。
、上記範囲の間の値、0.1mA未満の値等)である。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション前ペーシング閾値は0.1〜5mA(たとえば、0.5〜2mA)である。さらに、いくつかの構成では、アブレーション後ペーシング閾値は10ミリアンペア(mA)より大きい。たとえば、アブレーション後ペーシング閾値は10〜15mA(たとえば、10〜11mA、11〜12mA、12〜13mA、13〜14mA、14〜15mA、上記範囲の間の値、15mAより大きい値等)である。しかしながら、他の実施形態では、アブレーション後ペーシング閾値は、要求または必要に応じて、10mA未満(たとえば、5〜6mA、6〜7mA、7〜8mA、8〜9mA、9〜10mA、上記範囲の間の値、5mA未満等)である。逆に、他の実施形態では、アブレーション後ペーシング閾値は20mAを超える場合がある。いくつかの実施形態では、アブレーション後ペーシング閾値は10mAまたは20mAを超える。
まで高分解能チップ電極カテーテルまたは他の医療器具を移動させて、詳細な、正確なかつ完全な電気マップを生成することができる。
1つまたは複数の構成要素と統合されるかまたはそれとは別個のペースメーカを用いて)治療されている対象者の心拍数を増加させる手段等である。
形態および均等物まで広がる。実施形態の具体的な特徴および態様のさまざまな組合せまたは部分的組合せが作成され得、それらは、依然として本発明の範囲内にあり得ることも企図される。したがって、開示した本発明のさまざまな態様を形成するために、開示した実施形態のさまざまな特徴および態様を互いに組み合わせ得るかまたは置き換え得ることが理解されるべきである。したがって、本明細書に開示する本発明の範囲は、上述した特定の開示した実施形態によって限定されるべきではなく、以下の特許請求の範囲の公正な解釈によってのみ判断されるべきであることが意図されている。
Claims (28)
- 対象者の標的心臓組織にエネルギーを送達し、かつ前記標的心臓組織のアブレーションの成功を確認するシステムであって、
カテーテルであって、前記カテーテルの遠位端に沿って高分解能電極を備えるカテーテルと、
プロセッサを備えるエネルギー送達モジュールであって、前記カテーテルに作動的に結合するように構成されており、前記高分解能電極に通電して前記高分解能電極に隣接する標的心臓組織を選択的に焼灼するように構成されているエネルギー送達モジュールと、
ペースメーカと
を備え、
前記ペースメーカが前記エネルギー送達モジュールと一体的であり、
前記システムが前記高分解能電極を介して前記高分解能電極で局所心拍数信号に関する信号を検出するように構成されており、
前記エネルギー送達モジュールが、前記対象者の心臓の捕捉を達成するために心臓組織を選択的にペーシングするペースメーカに結合するように構成されており、
前記システムが、前記ペースメーカによって前記カテーテルに提供される所定のペーシング信号を介して、前記対象者の心拍数を基準レベルから高レベルまで増加させるように構成されており、前記所定のペーシング信号がアブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルを上回るペーシングレベルを含み、
前記プロセッサが、前記対象者の前記心臓の捕捉の喪失後に前記高分解能電極へのエネルギーの前記送達を終了するように構成されており、
前記高分解能電極が遠位部分および近位部分を備え、前記高分解能電極の前記遠位部分および前記近位部分が少なくとも1つのフィルタリング素子を用いて互いに作動的に結合されている、システム。 - 前記エネルギー送達モジュールが前記高分解能電極に高周波(RF)エネルギーを送達するように構成されており、
前記エネルギー送達モジュールが高周波(RF)発生器を備え、
所定のペーシング信号の前記ペーシングレベルが5〜20ミリアンペア(mA)であり、
前記所定のペーシングレベルでの前記心臓組織のペーシング時の前記心拍数の前記高レ
ベルが100〜200心拍数/分(bpm)であり、
前記エネルギー送達モジュールが少なくとも1つのフィルタを備え、前記少なくとも1つのフィルタが、前記局所心拍数信号に関する前記信号を隔離するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記フィルタリング素子がコンデンサを備える、請求項1または2に記載のシステム。
- 前記カテーテルが少なくとも1つの追加のマッピング電極をさらに備える、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 所定のペーシング信号の前記ペーシングレベルが5〜20ミリアンペア(mA)である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記所定のペーシングレベルでの前記心臓組織のペーシング時の前記心拍数の前記高レベルが100〜200心拍数/分(bpm)である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記アブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルが0.1〜3ミリアンペア(mA)である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記プロセッサが、前記心拍数が前記高レベル未満に低下すると直ちに、または前記対象者の前記心臓の捕捉の喪失後に前記高分解能電極へのエネルギーの前記送達を終了するように構成されている、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記プロセッサが、前記心拍数が前記高レベル未満に低下した後または前記対象者の前記心臓の捕捉の喪失後の所定の期間に続き、前記高分解能電極へのエネルギーの前記送達を終了するように構成されている、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記所定の期間が0.5〜10秒を含む、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記対象者の心拍数に関するデータを受け取るように構成された少なくとも1つの出力部をさらに備える、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの出力部がディスプレイを備える、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの出力部が前記システム内に統合されている、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの出力部が前記システムとは別個である、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記対象者の心拍数に関するデータがEP記録システムを介して提供され、かつ前記EP記録システムによって処理される、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 対象者の標的心臓組織にエネルギーを送達し、かつ前記標的心臓組織のアブレーションの成功を確認するシステムであって、
カテーテルであって、前記カテーテルの遠位端に沿って高分解能電極を備えるカテーテルと、
プロセッサを備えるエネルギー送達モジュールであって、前記カテーテルに作動的に結合するように構成されており、前記高分解能電極に通電して前記高分解能電極に隣接する標的心臓組織を選択的に焼灼するように構成されるエネルギー送達モジュールと
を備え、
前記エネルギー送達モジュールが、前記対象者の心拍数を選択的に増加させるために心臓組織を選択的にペーシングするペースメーカに結合するように構成されており、
前記システムが、前記ペースメーカによって前記カテーテルに提供される所定のペーシング信号を介して、前記対象者の前記心拍数を基準レベルから高レベルまで増加させるように構成されており、前記所定のペーシング信号が、アブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルを上回りかつアブレーション後ペーシング閾値レベル未満であるペーシングレベルを含み、
前記対象者の心拍数が、前記アブレーション後ペーシング閾値レベルに達する前に前記高レベルにあり、
前記対象者の心拍数が、前記高分解能電極が隣接する組織を標的治療レベルまで焼灼すると、前記高レベル未満に低下し、
前記プロセッサが、前記対象者の心拍数が前記高レベル未満に低下した後、前記高分解能電極へのエネルギーの前記送達を終了するように構成されている、システム。 - 前記ペースメーカが前記エネルギー送達モジュールと一体的である、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記ペースメーカが前記エネルギー送達モジュールとは別個である、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギー送達モジュールが前記高分解能電極に高周波(RF)エネルギーを送達するように構成されている、請求項16〜18のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記高分解能電極が遠位部分および近位部分を備え、前記高分解能電極の前記遠位部分および前記近位部分が少なくとも1つのフィルタリング素子を用いて互いに作動的に結合されている、請求項16〜19のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのフィルタリング素子がコンデンサを備える、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギー送達モジュールが少なくとも1つのフィルタを備え、前記少なくとも1つのフィルタが、前記高分解能電極を用いて測定される局所心拍数信号に関する信号を隔離するように構成されている、請求項16〜21のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 所定のペーシング信号の前記ペーシングレベルが5〜20ミリアンペア(mA)である、請求項16〜22のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記所定のペーシングレベルでの前記心臓組織のペーシング時の前記心拍数の前記高レベルが100〜200心拍数/分(bpm)である、請求項16〜23のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記アブレーション前ペーシング閾値レベルが0.1〜3ミリアンペア(mA)である、請求項16〜22のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記プロセッサが、前記心拍数が前記高レベル未満に低下すると直ちに、または前記対象者の心臓の捕捉の喪失後に前記高分解能電極へのエネルギーの前記送達を終了するように構成されている、請求項16〜25のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記プロセッサが、前記心拍数が前記高レベル未満に低下した後または前記対象者の前
記心臓の捕捉の喪失後の所定の期間に続き、前記高分解能電極へのエネルギーの前記送達を終了するように構成されている、請求項16〜26のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記所定の期間が0.5〜10秒を含む、請求項27に記載のシステム。
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