JP2015003926A - 抗炎症性ピラゾロピリミジン - Google Patents
抗炎症性ピラゾロピリミジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015003926A JP2015003926A JP2014203621A JP2014203621A JP2015003926A JP 2015003926 A JP2015003926 A JP 2015003926A JP 2014203621 A JP2014203621 A JP 2014203621A JP 2014203621 A JP2014203621 A JP 2014203621A JP 2015003926 A JP2015003926 A JP 2015003926A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2004年11月19日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/629,639号の利益を主張し、この仮特許出願は、本明細書においてその全体が参考として援用される。
プロテインキナーゼは広範な種類の細胞過程に関与しており、当該過程の一例としては、成長因子応答、サイトカイン応答、免疫応答、ストレス応答及び細胞周期の調節等が挙げられる。その不適切な調節は癌や炎症を含む種々の疾患を誘発すると考えられているため、プロテインキナーゼは前記疾患の治療にとって重要な薬剤標的となる。
本発明は炎症が疾患の進行又は疾患若しくは状態の症状の発現に関与している、疾患及び状態の治療に有用な抗炎症性化合物を提供する。
特定の実施形態では、本発明の化合物がT細胞活性化抑制剤となる。別の実施形態では、本発明の化合物が単球活性化抑制剤となる。別の実施形態では、本発明の化合物がガンマインターフェロンシグナリング抑制剤となる。
例えば、本発明は以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
以下の式を有する化合物であって、
式中、
R1は置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
R2はR10置換C1〜C20アルキル、置換もしくは非置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキル、R11置換C3〜C8シクロアルキル、R11置換C3〜C8ヘテロシクロアルキル、R12置換ヘテロアリール、又はR13置換アリールであり、ここで、
R10はオキソ、−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換3〜7員ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール、又はR13置換アリールであり、
R11はオキソ、−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり、
R12は−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり、
R13は−OH、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール又は置換もしくは非置換アリールであり;
R3及びR4は独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
L1は結合、置換もしくは非置換アルキレン、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキレン、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキレンであり、
ここでR3及びR4は、必要に応じて、それらが結合する窒素と連結して、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成し、
ここでR3及びR4が水素で、R1が4−メチルフェニルである場合、R2は2−エチルアセチルでない、化合物。
(項目2)
以下の式を有する化合物であって、
式中、
R1はR14置換C1〜C20アルキル、非置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、R15置換ヘテロアリール、置換もしくは非置換縮合環ヘテロアリール、又はR16置換アリールであり、ここで、
R14はオキソ、−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換3〜7員ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール、又はR16置換アリールであり、
R15は−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり、
R16は置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール、又は置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換o−ベンジルオキシであり;
R2、R3及びR4は独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
L1は結合、置換もしくは非置換アルキレン、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキレン、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキレンであり、
ここでR3及びR4は、必要に応じて、それらが結合する窒素と連結して、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成し、
ここでR1が非置換アルキルでない場合、R1は必要に応じて置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキルである、化合物。
(項目3)
以下の式を有する化合物であって、
式中、
R1は置換ナフチル、又は置換もしくは非置換アセナフテニルであり;
R2、R3及びR4は独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
L1は結合、置換もしくは非置換アルキレン、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキレン、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキレンであり、
ここでR3及びR4は、必要に応じて、それらが結合する窒素と連結して、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成する、化合物。
(項目4)
以下の式を有する化合物であって、
式中、
R1は置換もしくは非置換ナフチル又は置換チオフェニルであり;
R2は水素又はメチルであり;
R3及びR4は独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
L1は結合、置換もしくは非置換アルキレン、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキレン、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキレンであり、
ここでR3及びR4は、必要に応じて、それらが結合する窒素と連結して、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成する、化合物。
(項目5)
項目4に記載の化合物であって、
R1は置換もしくは非置換ナフチルであり;
R2は水素である、化合物。
(項目6)
以下の式を有する化合物であって、
式中、
R1は置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
R2は置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
R3及びR4は独立して、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
L1は結合、置換もしくは非置換アルキレン、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキレン、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキレンであり、
ここでR3及びR4は、必要に応じて、それらが結合する窒素と連結して、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成する、化合物。
(項目7)
R3及びR4が非置換アルキルである、項目6に記載の化合物。
(項目8)
以下の式を有する化合物であって、
式中、
R1はハロゲン、メチル、−OH、−CF3、−OCH3又は−NH2により置換されるフェニルであり;
R2はC1〜C10非置換アルキルであり;
R3及びR4は独立して、水素又はメチルであり;
L1はメチレンである、化合物。
(項目9)
R1がハロゲンにより置換されるフェニルである、項目8に記載の化合物。
(項目10)
前記ハロゲンが塩素である、項目9に記載の化合物。
(項目11)
R1がオルト−クロロフェニルである、項目8に記載の化合物。
(項目12)
R1がハロゲン、−OH、−CF3、−OCH3又は−NH2により置換されるフェニルである、項目8に記載の化合物。
(項目13)
R3及びR4が水素である、項目8に記載の化合物。
(項目14)
R3が水素であり、R4がメチルである、項目8に記載の化合物。
(項目15)
以下の式を有する化合物であって、
式中、
R1は置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
R2、R3及びR4は独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
L1は[1,1]−シクロアルキレンである、化合物。
(項目16)
L1が[1,1]−シクロプロピレンである、項目15に記載の化合物。
(項目17)
以下の式を有する化合物であって、
式中、
R1は置換もしくは非置換チオフェニル−フェニルであり;
R2、R3及びR4は独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
L1は結合、置換もしくは非置換アルキレン、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキレン、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキレンであり、
ここでR3及びR4は、必要に応じて、それらが結合する窒素と連結して、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成する、化合物。
(項目18)
異常な炎症により特徴付けられる障害を治療又は予防する方法であって、以下の式を有する化合物の治療上有効な量を被験体に投与することを含み、
式中、
R1は置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
R2、R3及びR4は独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり;
L1は結合、置換もしくは非置換アルキレン、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキレン、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキレンであり、
ここでR3及びR4は、必要に応じて、それらが結合する窒素と連結して、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成し、
ここでL1が結合で、R2がt−ブチルで、R3及びR4が水素である場合、R1はパラ−メチルフェニルでない、方法。
(項目19)
L1が結合で、R2が非置換アルキルで、R3及びR4が水素である場合、R1はメチルフェニルでない、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目20)
項目18に記載の方法であって、
R2はR10置換C1〜C20アルキル、置換もしくは非置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキル、R11置換C3〜C8シクロアルキル、R11置換C3〜C8ヘテロシクロアルキル、R12置換ヘテロアリール、又はR13置換アリールであり、ここで、
R10はオキソ、−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換3〜7員ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール、又はR13置換アリールであり、
R11はオキソ、−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり、
R12は−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり、
R13は−OH、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール、又は置換もしくは非置換アリールであり、
ここでR3及びR4が水素で、R1が4−メチルフェニルである場合、R2は2−エチルアセチルでない、方法。
(項目21)
項目18に記載の方法であって、
R1はR14置換C1〜C20アルキル、非置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、R15置換ヘテロアリール、置換もしくは非置換縮合環ヘテロアリール、又はR16置換アリールであり、ここで、
R14はオキソ、−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換3〜7員ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール、又はR16置換アリールであり、
R15は−OH、ハロゲン、−CF3、−NH2、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールであり、
R16は置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール、又は置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換o−ベンジルオキシであり、
ここでR1が非置換アルキルでない場合、R1は必要に応じて置換2〜20員ヘテロアルキルである、方法。
(項目22)
R1が置換ナフチル又は置換もしくは非置換アセナフテニルである、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目23)
項目18に記載の方法であって、
R1は置換もしくは非置換ナフチル又は置換チオフェニルであり;
R2は水素又はメチルである、方法。
(項目24)
項目18に記載の方法であって、
R1は置換もしくは非置換ナフチルであり;
R2は水素である、方法。
(項目25)
R3及びR4が独立して、置換もしくは非置換アルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換シクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、置換もしくは非置換アリール、又は置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールである、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目26)
R3及びR4が非置換アルキルである、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目27)
項目18に記載の方法であって、
R1はハロゲン、メチル、−OH、−CF3、−OCH3又は−NH2により置換されるフェニルであり;
R2は非置換C1〜C10アルキルであり;
R3及びR4は独立して水素又はメチルであり;
L1はメチレンである、方法。
(項目28)
R1がハロゲンにより置換されるフェニルである、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記ハロゲンが塩素である、項目28に記載の方法。
(項目30)
R1がオルト−クロロフェニルである、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目31)
R1がハロゲン、−OH、−CF3、−OCH3又は−NH2により置換されるフェニルである、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目32)
R3及びR4が水素である、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目33)
R3が水素であり、R4がメチルである、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目34)
L1が[1,1]−シクロアルキレンである、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目35)
L1が[1,1]−シクロプロピレンである、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目36)
R1が置換もしくは非置換チオフェニル−フェニルである、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目37)
前記障害が、感染、外傷、自己免疫疾患、心臓血管疾患、新生物、過形成、中毒、感染、肥満、細胞変性、アポトーシス又は老化、又は分化に応答して生じるか、又はそれらの遠因となる炎症性過程である、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目38)
前記障害が、血管炎、多発性硬化症、糖尿病、炎症性腸疾患、乾癬、慢性関節リューマチ、クローン病、潰瘍性結腸炎、喘息、卒中、アテローム性動脈硬化症及び狼瘡からなる群から選択される、項目18に記載の方法。
定義
本明細書において使用する略記法は、化学及び生物学の技術分野における従来の意味を有する。
(A)−OH、−NH2、−SH、−CN、−CF3、−NO2、オキソ、ハロゲン、非置換アルキル、非置換ヘテロアルキル、非置換シクロアルキル、非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、非置換アリール、非置換ヘテロアリール、及び、
(B)以下から選択される少なくとも一つの置換基により置換されるアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール及びヘテロアリール:
(i)オキソ、−OH、−NH2、−SH、−CN、−CF3、−NO2、ハロゲン、非置換アルキル、非置換ヘテロアルキル、非置換シクロアルキル、非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、非置換アリール、非置換ヘテロアリール、及び、
(ii)以下から選択される少なくとも一つの置換基により置換されるアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール及びヘテロアリール:
(a)オキソ、−OH、−NH2、−SH、−CN、−CF3、−NO2、ハロゲン、非置換アルキル、非置換ヘテロアルキル、非置換シクロアルキル、非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、非置換アリール、非置換ヘテロアリール、及び、
(b)オキソ、−OH、−NH2、−SH、−CN、−CF3、−NO2、ハロゲン、非置換アルキル、非置換ヘテロアルキル、非置換シクロアルキル、非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、非置換アリール及び非置換ヘテロアリールから選択される少なくとも一つの置換基により置換されるアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール又はヘテロアリール。
一態様では、本発明が以下の構造式により表される化合物を提供する。
本発明の化合物は、一般的によく知られた合成方法の適切な組み合わせにより合成される。本発明の化合物を合成する上で有用な技法は、本明細書の開示内容を鑑みれば当業者に容易に明らかとなり、使用可能となる。以下の考察は、本発明の化合物を組み立てる際に使用可能な様々な方法の一部を説明するために行う。しかし、当該考察は、本発明の化合物を調製する上で有用な反応又は反応順序の範囲を定義することを意図していない。
別の態様では、本発明が抗炎症性ピラゾロピリミジン化合物を同定する方法を提供する。前記方法には、候補となる抗炎症性ピラゾロピリミジン化合物を細胞培養アッセイと接触させることが含まれる。前記細胞培養アッセイには、本明細書に細胞培養アッセイの組み合わせとして言及される1種類以上の細胞が含まれる場合がある。前記の細胞培養アッセイの組み合わせには、例えば末梢血単核細胞を持つ又は持たない炎症状態のヒト内皮細胞が含まれるが、これに限定されない。細胞培養アッセイの一つの型では、炎症状態に関連する少なくとも二種類の遺伝子産物の発現における変化が検出される。少なくとも二種類の遺伝子産物の発現における変化は、候補となる抗炎症性ピラゾロピリミジン化合物の非存在下における当該遺伝子産物の発現と比較され、そして、候補化合物が抗炎症作用と同じように(例えば炎症状態を誘導するか、炎症状態を表す遺伝子産物の発現を低減させることにより、又は炎症を抑制する遺伝子産物の発現を増大させることにより)当該遺伝子産物の1種以上の発現を改変させる場合は、それにより前記候補化合物が抗炎症性ピラゾロピリミジン化合物として同定される。細胞培養アッセイ、並びに本発明の前記態様において有用となる、当該アッセイにより得られるデータを分析する方法については、参考として本明細書に盛り込まれる、PCT公開05/023987;04/094992;04/094609;04/022711;03/023753;及び01/067103;及び米国特許6,656,695;及び6,763,307に記載される。
別の態様では、本発明が炎症により特徴付けられる障害を治療又は予防する方法を提供し、前記方法には、本発明の化合物の治療上有効な量を被験体に投与することが含まれる。
前述の通り、本発明は、炎症が疾患の進行又は疾患若しくは状態の症状の発現に関与している、疾患及び状態の治療に有用な抗炎症性化合物を提供する。
別の態様では、本発明が、製薬上許容可能な賦形剤、及び前述の式(I)の範囲内の化合物のような本発明の化合物を含む医薬組成物を提供する。
本発明の化合物が多様な疾患の治療に有用であることは、当業者に理解されるところである。又、特定の疾患の治療に本発明の化合物を使用する時には、本発明の化合物を当該疾患に使用される種々の既存の治療薬と組み合わせられるか、その他の態様で同時投与される場合があることも、当業者に理解されるところである。例えば慢性関節リューマチの治療では、本発明の化合物を、TNF−α阻害剤、例えば抗TNFモノクローナル抗体及びTNF受容体免疫グロブリン分子(例えばEnbrel.RTM)、低用量メトトレキセート、レフルノミド、ヒドロキシクロロキン、d−ペニシラミン、オーラノフィン、又は非経腸若しくは経口用の金製剤のような薬剤と組み合わせられるか、同時投与される場合がある。
B)疼痛及び炎症の多重治療が望まれる場合は、前記抑制性化合物が、基本的に以下からなる群から独立して選択される1種以上のメンバーを含む、その他の炎症メディエーターの抑制剤と組み合わせて投与される:
(1)NSAID;
(2)H4受容体拮抗剤;
(3)キニン−B1−及びB1−受容体拮抗剤;
(4)PGD−、PGF−、PGI2−及びPGE−受容体拮抗剤からなる群から選択されるプロスタグラジン阻害剤;
(5)トロンボキサンA2(TXA2−)阻害剤;
(6)5−、12−及び15−リポキシゲナーゼ阻害剤;
(7)ロイコトリエンLTC4−、LTD4/LTE4−及びLTB4−阻害剤;
(8)PAF−受容体拮抗剤;
(9)1種以上の親水性基を伴ったオーロチオ基の形態の金製剤;
(10)シクロスポリン、アザチオプリン及びメトトレキセートからなる群から選択される免疫抑制剤;
(11)抗炎症性糖質コルチコイド;
(12)ペニシラミン;
(13)ヒドロキシクロロキン;
(14)抗痛風剤(例えばコルヒチン)、キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害剤(例えばアロプリノール);及びプロベネシド、スルフィンピラゾン及びベンズブロマロンから選択される尿酸排泄剤;
C)老齢哺乳類において認められる疾患状態、症候群及び症状に関して高齢の哺乳類を治療する場合は、前記抑制性化合物が、基本的に以下からなる群から独立して選択される1種以上のメンバーと組み合わせて投与される:
(1)記憶の消失及び障害に対処するための認知治療薬;
(2)以下からなる群から選択されるアテローム性動脈硬化症、高血圧、心筋虚血、狭心症、うっ血性心不全及び心筋梗塞の転帰を排除することを目的とした抗高血圧剤及びその他の心臓血管剤;
a.利尿剤;
b.血管拡張剤;
c.β−アドレナリン作用性受容体拮抗剤
d.アンジオテンシンII変換酵素阻害剤(ACE阻害剤)単独又は必要に応じて中性エンドペプチダーゼ阻害剤との組み合わせ;
e.アンジオテンシンII受容体拮抗剤;
f.レニン阻害剤;
g.カルシウムチャンネルブロッカー;
h.交感神経遮断剤;
i.α2−アドレナリンアゴニスト;
j.α−アドレナリン作用性受容体拮抗剤;及び、
k.HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害剤(抗高コレステロール血症剤);
(3)ビンカアルカロイド(例えばビンブラスチン及びビンクリスチン)のような抗有糸分裂剤から選択される抗新生物剤;
(4)成長ホルモン分泌促進薬;
(5)強力な鎮痛剤;
(6)局所及び全身麻酔薬;及び、
(7)H2−受容体拮抗剤、プロトンポンプ阻害剤及びその他の胃保護剤。
種々のピラゾロピリミジン化合物の抗炎症特性を、以下に詳述する方法を使用して試験した。
組み換えヒトインターフェロン−γ(IFN−γ)、TNF−α、インターロイキン(IL)−1β及びIL−4を、R&D Systems(米国ミネソタ州ミネアポリス)から入手した。ヒスタミンはSigma(米国ミズーリ州セントルイス)から入手した。マウス抗体は以下の市販品、即ち、ネズミIgG及び抗ヒト血管内皮成長因子受容体−2(VEGFR−2)(mIgG1;Sigma)、抗ヒト組織因子(mIgG1;Calbiochem[米国カリフォルニア州サンディエゴ])、抗ヒト細胞間接着分子−1(ICAM−1)(mIgG1;Beckman Coulter[米国カリフォルニア州フラトン])及び抗ヒトE−セレクチン(mIgG1;HyCult Biotechnology[オランダ ウーデン])から入手した。ヒト血管細胞接着分子−1(VCAM−1)(mIgG1)、HLA−DR(mIgG2a)、CD3(mIgG1)、CD40(mIgG1)、CD69(mIgG1)、MIG(mIgG1)、MCP−1(mIgG1)、CD14(mIgG1)、IL−1α(mIgG1)、P−セレクチン(mIgG1)、DAF(mIgG2a)、ウロキナーゼ型プラスミノーゲン活性化受容体(uPAR)(mIgG1)及びCD38(mIgG1)に対するマウス抗体は、BD Biosciences(米国カリフォルニア州サンホゼ)から入手した。エオタキシン−3(mIgG1)、IL−8(mIgG1)及びM−CSF(mIgG1)に対するマウス抗体は、R&D Systemsから入手した。ブドウ球菌エンテロトキシンB、S・アウレウス由来の毒性ショック症候群毒素−1(ブドウ球菌エンテロトキシンF)(スーパー抗原[SAG]と総称する)、及びサルモネラ・エンテリティディス由来のリポ多糖類(LPS)は、Sigmaから入手した。
ELISAにより測定した各パラメータの平均の光学密度の数値を、実験当たり3連の試料から計算した。ウェル間の変動係数は測定したパラメータに応じて1〜12%であり、対照全体では平均5%であった。所定の読み取り値、系及び投与に関する測定日間の変動は、全体的変動に最も大きく寄与していた(全変動の10〜60%の範囲)が、本発明者等の多変量解析法と一貫して、全ての測定の誤差境界を同時に与えるために予測エンベロープを使用することにより調整される。エンベロープは平均周囲の測定値の変動性を推定する(全データを中心とする)。複数の実験から得た同様の測定値を組み合わせることにより、全体の誤差の測定が確立されると同時に、各実験の特定の偏向が排除される。所定の信頼限界内の反復プロファイルを正確に分類するために必要な反復の回数に関しては、広範な研究が行われており、投与当たり少なくとも3種の重複ウェル、及び少なくとも3種の独立した反復の必要性が得られている(未公開の観察結果)。
各実験内において、平均の光学密度値を使用して、投与対照(例えば化合物又はsiRNA)と一致対照(例えば培地又はジメチルスルホキシド)のパラメータ値の間の比率を求めた。次に前記の正規化されたパラメータの比率をlog10に変換した。log標示の比率は全てのピアソン相関の計算に使用した。相関はAT&T GraphVizソフトウエアを使用した多次元スケーリングにより2次元で視覚化した。化合物間の距離はその類似性を表しており、プロファイルが偶然ではなく任意の水準で同様である化合物の間には、線が引かれている。有意な相関は、以下を行うことにより求めた:(a)プロファイルの観察されたピアソン相関分布における所定の閾値を超える相関数を同定する、(b)実験的なプロファイルを複数回並べ替えることにより得られた無作為化データから計算された相関を使用してこの閾値を超えるピアソン相関の平均数を計算する、(c)誤検出率(FDR)が最小限となるようにピアソン相関閾値を再選択する(FDRから有意な相関が擬陽性となる確率を得る)、及び(d)前記カットオフピアソン相関値を実験プロファイル間の相関に適用する。これにより、5%FDRにおいて、実験プロファイルに由来する相関の95%が偶然でないことが確実となる。
以下の化合物は、特定のピラゾロピリミジン化合物に関する説明のための特性データを示す。全ての出発物質及び合成試薬は、特段の記載がない限り市販品の販売元から調達した。容易に市販品を入手できない酸クロリドは、Ward and Rhee,1991,Tetrahedron Lett.32:7165−7166に記載の通り、ジエチルエーテル中の過剰量のオキサリルクロリド及び触媒量のDMFを使用して相当するカルボン酸を処理することによって合成した。有用なプロトコルは、Hanefeld et
al.,1996,J.Chem.Soc.,Perkin Trans.1,1996,1545−1552から採用した。命名法の如何なる相違も本明細書に開示した実施例の説明上の価値を制限することを意図していないことは、当業者の理解するところである。
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
白色粉末;
以下の実施例は、本発明の方法において有用な化合物が好中球及び単球の動員を低減する、並びにマウス腹腔内炎症モデルにおける白血球の総数を低減する能力を示す。
Claims (1)
- 明細書に記載の発明。
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EP1831225A2 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
JP2012087152A (ja) | 2012-05-10 |
US20090124638A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
US9512125B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
WO2006068760A3 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
US20110144134A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
WO2006068760A2 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
JP6127034B2 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
JP2008520744A (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
JP5746985B2 (ja) | 2015-07-08 |
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