JP2012529929A - カテーテル先端位置決め方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【選択図】図9
Description
[0002]本発明は、血管内デバイスの位置決めに関する。詳細には、本発明は、中心静脈カテーテルなどの血管内デバイスの先端を、心電図(ECG)信号を使用して心臓内またはその周りに位置決めする方法に関する。
1.中心静脈アクセス、例えば、CVC、PICC、移植可能ポート。
2.血液透析カテーテル。
3.ペースメーカリード線の定置。
4.血行動態監視カテーテル、例えば、スワン−ガンツおよび中心圧力監視カテーテル。
5.左心内へのガイドワイヤおよびカテーテルのガイド。
[0032]本発明の実施形態は有利には、多くの臨床応用例および設定で、血管内ECGを取得し使用する、(1つまたは複数の)発明装置、コンピュータベースデータ処理アルゴリズムおよび方法を提供する。例えば、デバイスを使用して、心臓内およびその周りに血管内デバイスをガイドする、例えば、上大静脈、右心房、および右心室内に中心静脈アクセスデバイスをガイドすることができる。このような中心静脈アクセスデバイスは、中心静脈カテーテル(CVC)、末梢挿入中心カテーテル(PICC)、移植可能ポート、血液透析カテーテル、トンネルカテーテルなどを備えることができる。本発明の装置でのガイドにより利益を受けることができる他のデバイスは、中心静脈系を通して定置される一時ペースメーカリードである。左心処置で使用されるカテーテルおよびガイドワイヤはまた、これらのデバイスを定位置にガイドするのに必要な、造影および放射線の量を減らすことによって本発明から利益を得ることができる。別の例では、装置を使用して、その電気活動に基づいて心臓疾患を低侵襲的に監視および評価する、例えば心臓サイクル内の前負荷を評価する、または鬱血性心不全内のSTセグメントおよびT波を監視することができる。
[0042]装置100は、アダプタ(120)を通して幅広い様々な市販およびカスタム設計された血管アクセスデバイス(110)に取り付けることができる。このようなデバイスの例としては、中心静脈カテーテル(CVC)、末梢挿入中心カテーテル(PICC)、移植可能ポート、トンネルカテーテル、血液透析カテーテル、ペースメーカリード用ガイドカテーテル、冠状およびその他の血管インターベンションに使用されるガイドワイヤ、冠状およびその他の血管インターベンションに使用されるガイドカテーテル、探り針、注射針などが挙げられる。血管アクセスデバイスが探り針、ガイドワイヤまたは注射針である場合、その材料は十分に導電性があるもの、例えばステンレス鋼またはニチノールでなければならない。このような場合、本発明によるフックまたはダブルクリップアダプタを使用すべきである。血管アクセスデバイスがカテーテルである場合、生理食塩水を使用して、カテーテルの管腔の1つを通して導電経路を確立すべきである。このような場合、本発明による注射器/カテーテルアダプタを使用すべきである。
[0046]図2Aは、2つの端部を有する銅またはステンレス鋼で作られた絶縁性導電ワイヤ(255)で作ることができるアダプタを示しており、一端部は血管アクセスデバイス(255)に接続されており、もう一端部は電子モジュール(250)に接続されている。血管アクセスデバイスに接続する端部は、いくつかの構成を有することができるコネクタを備えている。一実施形態では、コネクタは、J先端が延ばされていない場合の絶縁用途のばねを備えたJクリップコネクタ(230)である。別の実施形態では、コネクタは絶縁性ダブルクリップ(220)である。別の実施形態では、コネクタはカテーテル/注射器アダプタ(210)である。カテーテル/注射器アダプタの一端部(211)は、カテーテルルアに接続することができる。他端部(215)は注射器に接続することができる。金属インサート(214)、例えば金属リングは、アダプタの本体内側に配置され、カテーテル管腔に向かって注射器から流れるときの生理食塩水溶液と接触する。金属インサートは、アダプタ壁面を通してワイヤ(212)に接続され、その後、ワイヤはコネクタ(250)に接続される。一実施形態では、コネクタ(250)は、外部絶縁(241)を通して固定され、電子モジュール内で安全プラグ内に接続する。別の実施形態では、コネクタ(250)は、最適化されたニップル形状(242)を有し、標準的ECGケーブルコネクタの容易で安全な接続が可能になる。
[0050]患者コネクタインターフェイス(310)は、患者(305)に電気リードを接続させることを可能にする。皮膚電極および/または上に論じたアダプタを使用した血管内デバイスへの電気接続のあらゆる組合せを使用することができる。一実施形態では、増幅器(320)は、可変ゲインを備えた4段階増幅器であり、患者ケーブルを通して入力される電気信号、例えば典型的には心電計値を増幅させることができる。アナログデジタル変換器(330)は、マイクロプロセッサ(340)によって読取可能なデジタル形式の信号を変換する。あらゆる数および構成のマイクロプロセッサ、マイクロコントローラ、デジタル信号プロセッサを使用して、マイクロ処理機能(340)を実施することができる。
[0054]図4Aは、例えば右腕上で患者の皮膚に取り付けられた基準電極(410)、およびアダプタを通して血管内デバイス(415)に取り付けられた他の電極を備えた単一のリード構成を示している。右腕上で皮膚に取り付けられた基準電極は、本構成では例示的な目的のみで提示されている。基準電極の他の位置は、必要なECGのタイプによって可能である。アダプタで使用される血管内デバイスの先端と共に、右腕上の基準電極は、基準ECGのリードIIと同様であってもよい。この場合、上大静脈(401)および下大静脈(402)から得られるECGを最適化することができる。標準的ECGの他のリードをシミュレートするために、基準電極をあらゆる他の位置で皮膚に取り付けることができる。基準電極は、患者の心臓(400)内からより局所的な情報を得るために、他の血管内デバイスに取り付けられたアダプタに接続させることができる。
[0059]心臓(504)、右心房(501)、上大静脈(SVC)(502)、および下大静脈(IVC)(503)が図示されている。位置Aは上側SVCにあり、位置BはSVCの下側3分の1にあり、位置Cは導管動脈接合(caval−artial junction)にあり、位置Dは右心房にあり、位置Eは上側下大静脈にある。
[0062]グラフ530は、位置Cで示された血管内ECGを示している。導管動脈接合の位置Cでは、波形の振幅は位置Bでのものよりさらに高く、P波は飛躍的に変化して、R波より高くなる。この波形は、洞房結節の近接の表示である。
[0066]心臓(604)、右心房(601)、上大静脈(SVC)(602)、および下大静脈(IVC)(603)が図示されている。グラフ610は、位置Aで示された血管内ECGスペクトルを示している。位置Aでは、スペクトル(610)は、単一の中心周波数または単一のバンド(660)の外観を有し、周波数分布スペクトル電力およびエネルギーは皮膚レベルのものと同様である。
[0070]グラフ650は、位置Eで示された血管内ECGスペクトルを示している。位置Eでの周波数スペクトルは、位置Aでのものと同様である。異なる位置でのスペクトル波形の差は、対応する位置を区別し、心臓および血管機能を評価するために、本明細書で導入されたアルゴリズムによって使用される。
[0073]ウィンドウ(810)は、取り付けられた電極構成を使用して、電子モジュールによって取得される場合の、ECG波形をリアルタイムで示している。ウィンドウ(820)は基準ウィンドウであり、現在のウィンドウと比較するために使用される凍結波形を示している。一実施形態では、ウィンドウ(820)内の基準波形は、カテーテルの基準位置で電子モジュールに接続された電極を通して、および/または皮膚電極の基準構成を使用して得ることができる。例えば、このような基準波形は、導管動脈接合に定置された血管内デバイスに接続された、本発明によるアダプタを使用して記録されたECGであってもよい。異なる実施形態では、ウィンドウ820内の基準波形は、波形のデータベース内に記録されているとき、およびコンピュータシステムの記憶媒体内に記憶されているときの、脈管構造内の特定の位置での、または特定の心臓疾患の典型的な波形であってもよい。電極構成により、血管内デバイスを使用した心電図の同時心臓監視および記録が可能になる場合、ウィンドウ(830)は、心臓監視のための標準的ECGリードの1つを示しており、ウィンドウ(810)は、上に論じたような、アダプタに接続された場合の、血管内デバイスの先端でのECGを示している。
[0076]アイコン(920)は、心臓の表示であり、位置AからE(930)は、血管内ECGを解析することによって区別することができる、心臓および脈管系内の異なる位置を示している。脈管構造内の位置がアルゴリズムによって識別されるので、アイコン(930)上の対応する場所および文字は強調される、またはいくつかの他の方法で、ユーザに見えるようにされる。バー(940)、(950)および(960)は、信号エネルギーレベルを示している。Eバー(940)は、血管内デバイスの先端の現在位置でのECG周波数スペクトルから算出された電気エネルギー量を示している。Rバー(950)は、基準位置でのECG周波数スペクトルから算出された電気エネルギー量を示している。Mバー(960)は、皮膚電極から入力される監視ECG信号を使用して、ECG周波数スペクトルから算出された電気エネルギー量を示している。「プリント」ボタン(960)により、ユーザが、患者のチャートへの迅速な取り付けのために、プリンタ上、例えばラベルプリンタ上に事例を記録する情報をプリントすることが可能になる。
[0078]図10Aは、SVCの下側3分の1内のカテーテル先端定置処置の事例に対するプリントアウト(1000)を示している。フィールド1010は、上大静脈(SVC)の下側3分の1に対応する文字Bが強調された(1040)心臓アイコンを示している。フィールド1030は、洞房結節に近接した導管動脈接合でのカテーテルの先端で記録された基準ECG波形を示している。フィールド1020は、処置の終了時に定置された位置でのカテーテルの先端のECG波形を示している。図10Aでは、この位置はSVCの下側3分の1にあり、ECG波形はこの位置に対応している。患者名(1001)および処置日(1002)もプリントされる。
[0081]アルゴリズムは、血管内デバイスにアダプタによって取得された入力信号(1102)(ECG)に、任意選択で皮膚電極を通してでも適用される。エラー検出ブロック(1105)は、例えば、除細動器が患者に付けられた場合、ペースメーカが励起パルスを放出している場合、および/またはリード/電極がオフになっている場合などの、少なくとも3つのタイプのエラー状態/例外を検出する。これらのエラー/例外は異なる方法で処理することができ、ユーザに例外の存在および例外の処理方法を知らせることができる(1110)。
1.P、Q、R、S、TおよびU波、そのピーク、振幅および持続時間
2.P−R、S−TおよびT−Pセグメント/インターバルの持続時間
3.S−Tセグメントの上昇
4.P−PおよびR−Rインターバルの分散
5.S−TおよびR−Tインターバルなどの分散
6.P波およびQRS複合のピーク間値
7.P波およびR波振幅の比、およびP波およびQRS複合ピーク間振幅の比
8.P波の極性、単一の正極、単一の負極、または双極
9.P波、QRS複合、およびT波の導関数
10.R−Rインターバルおよび心拍数の時間的平均
11.特定の期間にわたるP波振幅/ピーク、およびP波ピーク間振幅の最大値
12.特定の期間にわたるR波振幅/ピーク、およびORS複合ピーク間振幅の最大値
[0085]これに限らないが以下の1つまたは複数を含む、いくつかの技術を使用して、上に挙げた情報をECG波形から導き出すことができる。
1.「ピーク検出」
2.第1の導関数の算出
3.1心拍数内の信号に沿った、および多数の心拍数に沿った平均化
4.適応閾値化
5.自己相関
[0086]ブロック(1125)内の高速フーリエ変換は、特定の長さのバッファ内に記憶された、いくつかのECGサンプル、例えば256、512、1024、2048以上のデータサンプルに高速フーリエ変換を行う。フーリエ変換は、波形を時間領域から周波数領域に変換する。
1.主成分解析、すなわち周波数スペクトルの最も重要な要素の確定(心電図の形態要素、例えば時間領域内の特定の波形およびセグメントの確定と同様である)
2.主成分に基づいた、算出量を少なくするためのデータ圧縮
3.主成分の数および形態の確定、特にスペクトルが1つだけ、2つまたは多数の主な周波数(周波数帯域)を有するかどうかの確定
4.スペクトル電力、および周波数スペクトルからの信号エネルギーの算出
5.広帯域雑音を減らすための、単一スペクトル上での周波数寸法に沿った平均化
6.アーティファクトをフィルタリングするための、いくつかのスペクトルに沿った平均化
7.スペクトルの追加の形態要素、例えば最大周波数、最大周波数に含まれるエネルギー、周波数ヒストグラム、すなわちどの周波数がどれだけのエネルギーを含んでいるか、最も高い重要な最大エネルギーピークの周波数などの確定
8.スペクトル分布から確定した主成分および他のパラメータの時間経過にわたる挙動および平均の算出、例えば、特定の期間にわたる信号エネルギーおよびスペクトル電力の最大値の確定
9.スペクトル解析に基づいた特定の心臓疾患の確定/推定。この確定/推定はまた、決定サポートブロック1150および1250内でより詳細に行われる。
[0097]これらの図は、心臓の伝導機構を示しており、測定したような心臓内の電気エネルギー分布がなぜ心臓内の特定の位置を示しているのかを説明している。したがって、局所電気信号、挙動およびエネルギー集中を測定することができ、心臓および血管内の位置をより正確に確定することができ、局所心臓疾患をより正確に説明することもできる。
[0101]電気信号および電気エネルギー分布はまた有利には、ガイドワイヤおよびガイドカテーテルを大動脈を通して左心内にガイドするために使用される。この方法は、左心房および冠動脈へのアクセスを単純化するのに、およびこれらの位置に血管内デバイスをガイドするのに必要な造影および放射線の量を減らすのに有用である。異なる応用例では、本発明の装置はまた、カテーテル、例えばスワン−ガンツを右心房を通して肺動脈内にガイドするために使用することができる。他の血管内デバイスをガイドし、使用して本発明に導入された新しい装置で測定された心電図によって識別可能な心臓血管系の他の位置での血管内電気活動を測定することができる。
Claims (20)
- 心電図(ECG)信号を使用して心臓内またはその近くに血管内デバイスを位置決めするコンピュータベースの方法であって、
それぞれ少なくともP波成分を有する複数の波形を含む、血管内デバイスに関連する血管内ECG信号を受信するステップと、
各所定の期間に対するP波振幅およびスペクトル電力を算出するために、複数の所定の期間にわたって前記血管内ECG信号を処理するステップと、
前記複数のP波振幅から最大P波振幅を、また前記複数のスペクトル電力から、関連する最大スペクトル電力を確定するステップと、
前記最大P波振幅および前記最大スペクトル電力を前記心臓内またはその近くの所定の位置に関連付けるステップと、
前記最大P波振幅に対する前記P波振幅の比、および前記最大スペクトル電力に対する前記スペクトル電力の比に基づいて、各所定の期間に対する前記血管内デバイスの位置を算出するステップと、
ユーザに前記血管内デバイスの前記位置を表示するステップとを含む方法。 - 前記P波振幅がピーク間値であり、前記最大P波振幅がピーク間値である、請求項1に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記ECG信号を処理する前記ステップが、各P波振幅に対する極性を確定するステップを含んでおり、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置を確定する前記ステップが、各所定の期間に対する前記P波極性に基づいている、請求項2に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記所定の位置が導管動脈接合である、請求項3に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大P波振幅に対する前記P波振幅の前記比が0.4未満であり、前記最大スペクトル電力に対する前記スペクトル電力の前記比が0.4未満であり、前記P波極性が単極性である場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が上大静脈である、請求項4に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大P波振幅に対する前記P波振幅の前記比が0.4から0.6の間であり、前記最大スペクトル電力に対する前記スペクトル電力の前記比が0.4から0.6の間であり、前記P波極性が単極性である場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が前記上大静脈の下側3分の1である、請求項5に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大P波振幅に対する前記P波振幅の前記比が0.9より大きく、前記最大スペクトル電力に対する前記スペクトル電力の前記比が0.9より大きく、前記P波振幅がR波振幅より大きい場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が前記導管動脈接合である、請求項6に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大スペクトル電力に対する前記スペクトル電力の前記比が0.6から0.9の間であり、前記P波極性が双極性である場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が右心房である、請求項7に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大P波振幅に対する前記P波振幅の前記比が0.4から0.6の間であり、前記最大スペクトル電力に対する前記スペクトル電力の前記比が0.4から0.6の間であり、前記P波極性が逆極性の単極性である場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が下大静脈の上側3分の1である、請求項8に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記血管内デバイスは、カテーテルの先端に曝された生理食塩水溶液カラムと接触している電極を備えたアダプタに結合された中心静脈カテーテルであり、前記血管内ECG信号は、前記電極によって測定された電気信号に基づいている、請求項4に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- それぞれ少なくともP波成分を有する複数の波形を含む、皮膚ECGリードに関連する皮膚ECG信号を同時に受信するステップと、
各所定の期間に対する皮膚P波振幅および皮膚スペクトル電力を算出するために、前記複数の所定の期間にわたって前記皮膚ECG信号を処理するステップと、
複数の前記皮膚P波振幅から最大皮膚P波振幅を、及び複数の前記皮膚スペクトル電力から関連する最大皮膚スペクトル電力を確定するステップと、
前記最大皮膚P波振幅および前記最大皮膚スペクトル電力を前記心臓内またはその近くの前記所定の位置に関連付けるステップと、
前記最大皮膚P波振幅に対する前記血管内P波振幅の比、および前記最大皮膚スペクトル電力に対する前記血管内スペクトル電力の比に基づいて、各所定の期間に対する前記血管内デバイスの位置を算出するステップとをさらに含む、請求項10に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。 - 前記最大皮膚P波振幅に対する前記血管内P波振幅の前記比が0.9から1.2の間であり、前記最大皮膚スペクトル電力に対する前記血管内スペクトル電力の前記比が0.9から1.2の間であり、前記P波極性が単極性である場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が上側上大静脈である、請求項11に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大皮膚P波振幅に対する前記血管内P波振幅の前記比が1.5から2.0の間であり、前記最大皮膚スペクトル電力に対する前記血管内スペクトル電力の前記比が1.5から2.0の間であり、前記P波極性が単極性である場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が前記上大静脈の下側3分の1である、請求項12に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大皮膚P波振幅に対する前記血管内P波振幅の前記比が2.5より大きく、前記最大スペクトル電力に対する前記スペクトル電力の前記比が2.59より大きく、前記血管内P波振幅が血管内R波振幅より大きい場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が導管動脈接合である、請求項13に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大皮膚スペクトル電力に対する前記血管内スペクトル電力の前記比が2.0から2.5の間であり、前記血管内P波極性が双極性である場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が右心房である、請求項14に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記最大皮膚P波振幅に対する前記血管内P波振幅の前記比が0.9から1.2の間であり、前記最大皮膚スペクトル電力に対する前記血管内スペクトル電力の前記比が0.9から1.2の間であり、前記P波極性が逆極性の単極性である場合に、前記血管内デバイスの前記位置が下大静脈の上側3分の1である、請求項15に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 前記P波がPセグメントである、請求項1に記載のコンピュータベースの方法。
- 少なくとも1つのリアルタイムECG波形を表示するための第1の心電図(ECG)波形領域と、
少なくとも1つの記憶されたECG波形を表示するための第2のECG波形領域と、
脈管構造内にカテーテル先端の位置を表示するためのカテーテル先端位置領域と、
前記脈管構造内の前記カテーテル先端位置の異なる位置に関連する前記ECG波形の定量的特徴を表示するためのカテーテル先端位置識別領域と、
ユーザが複数の関連機能に直接または遠隔のいずれかでアクセスすることを可能にする、複数の制御要素を含む制御領域と、
複数のパラメータに基づいて前記表示を自動的に最適化する手段とを備えた、コンピュータベースの方法として実施される、カテーテル位置決めおよびナビゲーションシステム用グラフィカルユーザインターフェイス。 - 2つの端部および内側管腔を有する部材であって、前記端部の一方がカテーテルに連結されており、他方の端部が注射器に連結されているとき、前記注射器からの流体が前記内側管腔を通して前記カテーテル内に流される、部材と、
前記部材の外側に、密封された電気接続部を介して接続する、前記部材の前記内側管腔に沿って配置された金属インサートとを備えた、血管内心電図用アダプタ。 - 患者の上に1つ、2つまたは3つの電極を定置するステップと、
血管内アクセスデバイスを通過する導電経路を通して電極に結合された、血管内アクセスデバイスを前記患者内に導入するステップと、前記血管内アクセスデバイスの先端部の位置を皮膚電極と血管内電極から受け取った電気信号に基づいて確定するステップとを含む、血管内アクセスデバイスのガイドおよびナビゲーション方法であって、
1つの皮膚電極が前記患者上に定置される場合に、前記皮膚電極が左下腹部に配置され、
2つの皮膚電極が前記患者上に定置される場合に、第1の皮膚電極が左下腹部に配置され、第2の皮膚電極が左肩に配置され、
3つの皮膚電極が前記患者上に定置される場合に、第1の皮膚電極が左下腹部に配置され、第2の皮膚電極が左肩に配置され、第3の皮膚電極が右下腹部に配置される、方法。
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CN102802514B (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
JP5795576B2 (ja) | 2015-10-14 |
KR101773207B1 (ko) | 2017-08-31 |
ES2745861T3 (es) | 2020-03-03 |
RU2691318C2 (ru) | 2019-06-11 |
CN102802514A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
US20100317981A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
WO2010144922A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
RU2015110633A3 (ja) | 2018-10-25 |
KR20120027527A (ko) | 2012-03-21 |
US9339206B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
EP3542713A1 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
RU2549998C2 (ru) | 2015-05-10 |
EP2440122B1 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
BRPI1010773B1 (pt) | 2021-06-01 |
BRPI1010773A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
EP2440122A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
RU2015110633A (ru) | 2015-08-27 |
RU2011150917A (ru) | 2013-07-20 |
EP2440122A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
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