CN1672649A - 一种脑脊液穿刺引流器 - Google Patents
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- A61M27/00—Drainage appliance for wounds or the like, i.e. wound drains, implanted drains
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Abstract
一种脑脊液穿刺引流器,它包括穿刺设备和外设的引流装置,所述的穿刺设备设有穿刺针芯、穿刺针鞘、导丝和引流管,穿刺针芯和针鞘由不锈钢材料制成,针鞘套装于针芯外,共同用于穿刺;导丝用于替换针芯,导丝由塑刚材料制成,柔软便于塑形,并有形状记忆功能;引流管用于置换针鞘和引流,引流管由柔软的硅胶制成,顺应性好,管头圆钝,以减少组织损伤,便于沿导丝外径送入需引流的腔室内。针鞘套装于针芯外用于穿刺,当刺入适当位置时,取出针芯,将导丝从针鞘的内孔穿入,再将针鞘从体拔出,再将引流管沿导丝外径送入需引流的腔室内,或在DSA监视下送入侧脑室以远的更深部位。引流管的外端通过导管与外设的引流装置相接,导管上装有控液阀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗设备,特别是一种脑脊液穿刺引流器。
背景技术
蛛网膜下腔出血和脑室出血是常见脑血管疾病。其特点为突发头痛、呕吐、精神异常或意识障碍等为首发症状。血液积聚于脑室系统和蛛网膜下腔,引起脑室铸型、脑脊液循环受阻、急性高颅压症甚至脑疝死亡。幸存者常因积血的再吸收致脑血管痉挛、正常颅压脑积水、多数颅神经炎和脊髓蛛网膜炎等并发症,导致严重后果。因此,及时清除积血、输通脑脊液循环是早期救治的关键。但现用的引流管或引流方法难以达到侧脑室以远的第三、四脑室,引流效果不佳。而用腰椎穿刺进行脑脊液置换,以达到清除蛛网膜下腔积液的目的,但抽取脑脊液后不能留置和持续引流,只有反复穿刺才能清除蛛网膜下腔不断产生的积血,增加了病人的痛苦和损伤,有时还会加重病情,增加感染机会,更不能随时观察蛛网膜下腔的出血情况及压力变化,其引流效率也低。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提出了一种临床上用于腰大池穿刺和脑室穿刺的脑脊液穿刺引流器。
本发明要解决的技术问题是通过以下技术方案来实现的,一种脑脊液穿刺引流器,它包括穿刺设备和外设的引流装置,其特点是:所述的穿刺设备设有穿刺针芯、穿刺针鞘、导丝和引流管,
穿刺针芯和针鞘由不锈钢材料制成,针鞘套装于针芯外,共同用于穿刺;
导丝用于替换针芯,导丝由塑刚材料制成,柔软便于塑形,并有形状记忆功能;
引流管用于置换针鞘和引流,引流管由柔软的硅胶制成,顺应性好,管头圆钝,以减少组织损伤,便于沿导丝外径送入需引流的腔室内。
针鞘套装于针芯外用于穿刺,当刺入适当位置时,取出针芯,将导丝从针鞘的内孔穿入,再将针鞘从体拔出,再将引流管沿导丝外径送入需引流的腔室内,或在DSA监视下送入侧脑室以远的更深部位。
本发明要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现,引流管的外端通过导管与外设的引流装置相接,导管上装有控液阀。
本发明要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现,引流管的前端管壁上开有2-5个侧引流孔,以增加引流速度,避免血块堵管。
本发明要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现,所述的针芯是中空的注射式针芯,后端连接有一个观察室。以便于观察是否有脑脊液流入。
本发明要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现,所述的引流装置设有一个脑脊液引流袋,脑脊液引流袋的上部设有悬挂装置,脑脊液引流袋的底部向内装有一个引入管,引入管下端与所述的导管相接,引入管的上端口距穿刺点的高度为10~18cm,脑脊液引流袋的下部还与一个集液袋相连通,引入管上标有刻度。通过对引入管上端口与穿刺点高度的控制,可以控制需引流的腔室的压力,减少并发症的发生机率。
本发明要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现,所述的穿刺针鞘、导丝和引流管的外表面都标有刻度。以便于观察刺进深度。
本发明与现有技术相比,它公开了一种脑脊液穿刺引流器,包括穿刺设备和外设的引流装置,穿刺设备设有穿刺针芯、穿刺针鞘、导丝和引流管,针鞘套装于针芯外用于穿刺,当刺入适当位置时,取出针芯,将导丝从针鞘的内孔穿入,再将针鞘从体拔出,再将引流管沿导丝外径送入需引流的腔室内。由于导丝由塑刚材料制成,柔软便于塑形,并有形状记忆功能,引流管可在导丝的引导下,在DSA的Roadmapping监视下自室间孔置入第三脑室,或进一步经中脑导水管置入第四脑室。本发明在穿刺后可多次使用,通过设在导管上控液阀来控制关开。
附图说明
图1为腰大池穿刺设备结构简图。
图2为脑室穿刺设备结构简图。
图3为脑室穿刺外引流简图。
具体实施方式
一种脑脊液穿刺引流器,它包括穿刺设备和外设的引流装置,所述的穿刺设备设有穿刺针芯2、穿刺针鞘1、导丝3和引流管4,
穿刺针芯2和针鞘1由不锈钢材料制成,针鞘1套装于针芯2外,共同用于穿刺;
导丝3用于替换针芯2,导丝3由塑刚材料制成,柔软便于塑形,并有形状记忆功能;
引流管4用于置换针鞘1,引流管4由柔软的硅胶制成,顺应性好,管头圆钝,以便沿导丝3外径送入需引流的腔室内。
针鞘1套装于针芯2外用于穿刺,当刺入适当位置时,取出针芯2,将导丝3从针鞘1的内孔穿入,再将针鞘1从体拔出,再将引流管4沿导丝3外径送入需引流的腔室内。引流管4的外端通过导管9与外设的引流装置相接,导管9上装有控液阀10。
实施例1,本实施方式专供腰大池穿刺外引流或腰大池置管给药一次性使用。
结构与组成
一次性灭菌腰大池穿刺引流器由腰椎穿刺针(针鞘及针芯)、导丝3、引流管4、导管9和脑脊液引流袋7部件组成。所有部件消毒后用无菌塑料袋封装。
(一)腰椎穿刺针,
A:针鞘1:由不锈钢制成,针尖呈斜面,有利于刺入腰大池。针鞘总长度为105mm。
基座:外径4mm,内径3mm,长5mm,呈圆柱状,远端呈漏斗状,与针干相延续。
针干:成圆柱形,长100mm,外径1.22mm,内径1.06mm(18号穿刺针),内腔呈圆柱形,光滑。尖端呈斜形。由尖端向后刻有长度刻度(厘米数),有利于观察进针深度。
B:针芯2:由不锈钢制成,实心,与其尾座相连。尖端呈斜形,有利于刺入腰大池。针芯总长度为107mm。
基板:由不锈钢制成,实心,与其尾座相连,呈圆柱形,外径8mm,厚2mm,有利于控制进针深度。
尾座:由不锈钢制成,与针心及基板相连,呈圆柱形实心体,外径3mm,长5mm,其远端有与针鞘相应部位匹配的斜形坡度。
针芯:长102mm,直径1.0mm,其尖端可外露2mm。
(二)导丝3:由塑钢材料制成,柔软便于塑形,并有形状记忆功能。尖端圆钝,以减轻对组织的损伤,表面光滑,以便插入。直径0.83mm,实心,长400mm。自尖端向后刻有长度刻度(厘米数)。
(三)引流管4:为柔软的硅胶制成,顺应性好,管头圆钝,以便送入腰大池深处。自尖端向后刻有长度刻度(厘米数),有利于观察插入深度。其尖端有侧孔,以便引流。
引流管4连接体:呈漏斗形,大头端外径4mm,内径3.4mm,壁厚0.3mm,长5mm,小头端外径1.22mm,内径1.06mm,内腔呈漏斗状,光滑,与导管内腔平滑延续。
引流管干:外径1.22mm,内径1.06mm,长300mm,尖端圆钝。
引流侧孔:直径0.5mm,开口于导管端头,共3个,相邻两侧孔间距6mm。
(四)连接导管
连接导管9由聚丙烯材料制成,是连接引流管与引流袋的通道。带有控液阀,其开关可直接限制/开通脑脊液流入引流袋,以便脑室注药后的定时开闭。
尾端接口:其形状和大小与引流袋之引入口的乳头匹配,内腔成漏斗状。大头端外径4mm,内径3.4mm,壁厚0.3mm,长8mm,小头端外径1.22mm,内径1.06mm,内腔呈漏斗状,光滑。
控液阀10:其结构及功能与普通输液管开关无异,其大小与本连接管匹配。
连接导管:管长300mm,外径4mm,内径3mm。
乳头:其形状和大小与导管的连接体匹配,呈漏斗状,长8mm,近端内径3mm,外径4mm,尖端外径1.22mm,内径1.06mm。
(五)脑脊液引流袋7
脑脊液引流袋由一个软薄型聚丙烯塑料制成的透明长方形袋和两根硬塑料管组成。除引入、出两管外,再无其他通道相通,利于密闭防污染。引入、出两管不相接,且不在同一水平,是为了消除管道的“吸引”效应,有利脑室内压力的恒定和维持。引入管上刻有高度刻度(厘米),有利于监测蛛网膜下腔内压。
挂口:为双引流腔壁延续而成,外缘呈半圆型,直径为40mm,挂口为圆形,直径为20mm。用于悬挂。
引流腔:为长方形圆角的空腔。长150mm,宽40mm。
引入管:为垂直的倒“L”型,自下而上刻有高度刻度(厘米),入口呈空针乳头状,其形状和大小与连接管之尾端接口匹配。引入管外径4mm,内径3.4mm,壁厚0.3mm,垂直部长158mm,弯曲部长20mm。
引出管:为一垂直的管道,出口呈空针乳头状,其形状和大小与其他普通医用引流袋(如尿袋)的接口匹配。引出管外径4mm,内径3.4mm,壁厚0.3mm。
实施例2,本实施方式专供脑室穿刺外引流或脑室置管给药一次性使用。
一次性灭菌脑室穿刺引流器由脑室穿刺针(针鞘及针芯)、导丝、引流管、连接管和脑脊液引流袋5部件组成。所有部件消毒后用无菌塑料袋封装。
(一)脑室穿刺针,
A:穿刺针外鞘;由硅胶制成,针尖呈圆钝状,使之能紧贴针芯而减轻组织损伤。针柄内腔呈光滑漏斗形,利于插入导丝。
基板:外径10mm,内径4mm,厚1mm,呈环状,内缘与针柄壁相连。
针柄:呈圆锥形,大头端外径4mm,内径3.4mm,壁厚0.3mm,长8mm,小头端外径2.64mm,内径2.31mm(9号穿刺针),内腔呈漏斗状,光滑,于穿刺针内腔平滑延续。
针干:成圆柱形,长100mm,外径2.64mm,内径2.31mm(9号穿刺针),内腔呈圆柱形,光滑。尖端呈圆钝状。由尖端向后刻有长度刻度(厘米数)。
B:针芯:由不锈钢制成,中空,与其尾座之透明塑料腔平滑延续,便于观察是否有脑脊液流入。尖端呈圆钝状,以减轻对组织的损伤,后与针芯尾座相连。
尾座:为透明塑料圆柱形空腔,长5mm,外径6mm,内径5mm,底端有一1mm直径的小孔,用以排气。
针柄:由硬塑料制成,呈圆柱形,外径4mm,长4mm,呈漏斗状包绕针芯尾端。
针芯:长113mm,外径2.2mm,内径1.6mm,插入穿刺针外鞘中,其尖端可外露5mm。
(二)导丝:由塑钢材料制成,柔软便于塑形,并有形状记忆功能。尖端圆钝,以减轻对组织的损伤,表面光滑,以便插入。直径0.83mm,实心,长500mm。自尖端向后刻有长度刻度(厘米数),用以观察置入深度。
(三)引流管:为柔软的硅胶制成,顺应性好,管头圆钝,以便在DSA的Roadmapping监视下自室间孔置入第三脑室,或进一步经中脑导水管置入第四脑室。
引流连接体:呈漏斗形,大头端外径4mm,内径3.4mm,壁厚0.3mm,长5mm,小头端外径2.64mm,内径2.31mm,内腔呈漏斗状,光滑,与导管内腔平滑延续。
引流管干:外径2.64mm,内径2.31mm,长300mm,尖端圆钝。
引流侧孔:直径1mm,开口于导管端头,共3个,相邻两侧孔间距6mm。
(四)导管与脑脊液引流袋同实施方式1。
Claims (6)
1.一种脑脊液穿刺引流器,它包括穿刺设备和外设的引流装置,其特征在于:所述的穿刺设备设有穿刺针芯(2)、穿刺针鞘(1)、导丝(3)和引流管(4),
穿刺针芯(2)和针鞘(1)由不锈钢材料制成,针鞘(1)套装于针芯(2)外,共同用于穿刺;
导丝(3)用于替换针芯(2),导丝(3)由塑刚材料制成,柔软便于塑形,并有形状记忆功能;
引流管(4)用于置换针鞘(1)和引流,引流管(4)由柔软的硅胶制成,顺应性好,管头圆钝,以便沿导丝(3)外径送入需引流的腔室内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脑脊液穿刺引流器,其特征在于:引流管(4)的外端通过导管(9)与外设的引流装置相接,导管(9)上装有控液阀(10)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的脑脊液穿刺引流器,其特征在于:引流管(4)的前端管壁上开有2-5个侧引流孔(5)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脑脊液穿刺引流器,其特征在于:所述的针芯(2)是中空的注射式针芯,后端连接有一个观察室(6)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的脑脊液穿刺引流器,其特征在于:所述的引流装置设有一个脑脊液引流袋(7),脑脊液引流袋(7)的上部设有悬挂装置,脑脊液引流袋(7)的底部向内装有一个引入管(8),引入管(8)下端与所述的导管(9)相接,引入管(8)的上端口距穿刺点的高度为10-18cm,脑脊液引流袋(7)的下部还与一个集液袋(11)相连通,引入管(8)上标有刻度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的脑脊液穿刺引流器,其特征在于:所述的穿刺针鞘(1)、导丝(3)和引流管(4)的外表面都标有刻度。
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Cited By (47)
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