JP2012528885A - 発酵ブロスの成分を分離する方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【選択図】 図1
Description
本発明は、全般的に発酵ブロスの成分の分離に関し、より詳細には、水より高い沸点を有する水混和性成分の、他の発酵ブロス成分からの単離に関する。
規模が違うだけで、実験室のベンチトップ規模で開発された単離手順は、パイロットスケール又は商業スケールでは非現実的又は実行不可能にすらなる。複雑な混合物からの化合物の単離は、化合物が周囲温度で固体と液体のどちらであるか、化合物の沸点、密度、極性、pHに敏感な官能基の有無、水対有機溶媒への溶解度を含む多くの因子に依存する。これらの因子は、目的とする化合物が単離される混合物の他の成分全てにも当てはまる。化合物、特に有機化合物の単離に含まれる他の性質は、水と有機溶媒との間など、2種の非混和性相の間でどのように分配するかである。特に極性の高い化合物は、抽出過程に使用される通常の有機溶媒よりも水に溶けやすいことが多い。いくつかの化合物は、その両親媒的な性質のため、抽出法により水から単離するのが特に困難である。両親媒性物質は、極性部分と親油性部分とを両方有する化合物である。これらの化合物は、処理しづらいエマルションを生み出すことにより、抽出による単離を複雑にすることがある。
コモディティケミカルの発酵産生は、再生不能な化石燃料フィードストックを利用する従来の製造に代わる有用な代替法である。再生利用されたバイオマスなどの再生可能なフィードストックを利用する能力を持っているので、該方法は、化石燃料に基づく製造よりも経済的及び環境的に健全になり得る。発酵から生じた産物は多くの用途に有用なことがある。特定の実施態様において、本発明は、1,4-BDOの産生の方法を提供する。1,4-ブタンジオール(BDO)はポリマー中間体及び工業的な溶剤である。下流で、ブタンジオールはさらに変換されることがあり、例えば、酸化によりγブチロラクトンになり、さらにピロリドン及びN-メチル-ピロリドンに転化され、或いは水素化分解を受けてテトラヒドロフランになることがある。これらの化合物は、ポリマー中間体、溶剤、及び添加剤として種々の用途を有する。
この実施例は、ディスクスタック遠心分離機を使用して、細胞集団及び他の固体を発酵ブロスから除去することを示す。
遺伝子改変された大腸菌により産生された1,4-ブタンジオール発酵ブロスを遠心分離により清澄化した。GEA-Westfaliaディスクスタック遠心分離機をこの工程のために使用した。ラボスケールの遠心分離機、CTC 1型Whispefugeのボウル容量は1.0リットル、固体収容空間は0.55リットルである。ボウルフード、分配器、ディスクスタック、プロセス水湿潤部品(process wetted parts)の全ては、高引張強度ステンレススチールで構成されている。遠心分離ユニットへの供給は、蠕動ポンプを利用して、およそ0.25リットル毎分で一定に保たれた流速に制御した。約15psi(103kPa)の背圧を、出口濃縮液流の調整弁を絞って系中に維持した。遠心分離機は12,000rpmで運転し、供給材料は室温であった。遠心分離機は、発酵ブロスから細胞バイオマス及び不溶性物質を除く。細胞バイオマス及び不溶性物質の濃度は、600nmでの光学濃度(OD)により測定される濁度により示される。供給発酵ブロス及び清澄化濃縮液の濁度データを表5に示す。供給材料は見てわかるほど濁っており、OD測定値が13.3であった。清澄化された濃縮液は外観上はるかに澄んでいて、OD測定値が0.18であった。全体として、濁度はおよそ99%低下し、ディスクスタック遠心分離機による優れた清澄化を表す。
この実施例は、実施例Iにおいて実施された遠心分離による細胞集団及び他の固体の除去の後の発酵ブロスの限外濾過を示す。
GEAラボスケール濾過ユニットModel Lを使用して、実施例1において産生された産物をさらに清澄化した。Model L濾過ユニットは、Hydranautics 5K PES平膜を備えていた。設置された膜総面積は0.144 m2であった。膜内外圧力は、入口流及び背圧調整弁の調整によりおよそ36 psi(248 kPa)に維持した。供給材料の温度は、入口熱交換器を利用しておよそ27℃に維持した。実験の経過全体にわたって透過液流速を測定して、流束を決定した。表6は、体積濃度因子(VCF)の関数としてリットル/m2/hで表した透過流束を表す。
この実施例は、実施例IIにおいて実施された限外濾過の後の発酵ブロスのナノ濾過を示す。
GEAラボスケール濾過ユニットModel Lは、GE DKナノ濾過平膜を備えていた。設置された膜総面積は0.072m2であった。この構成を利用して、実施例2で得られたUF透過液を濾過した。膜内外圧力は、入口流及び背圧調整弁の調整によりおよそ270 psi(1861 kPa)に維持した。供給材料の温度は、入口熱交換器を利用しておよそ38℃に維持した。実験の経過全体にわたって透過液流を測定し、流束を決定した。表8は、体積濃度因子(VCF)の関数としてリットル/m2/hで表した流束を表す。
この実施例は、実施例IIIにおいて実施されたナノ濾過の後の発酵ブロスのイオン交換クロマトグラフィー精製を示す。
実施例IIIで得られたナノ濾過透過液をイオン交換工程で処理し、残っているイオンを除き、産物をさらに清澄化した。強酸カチオン交換樹脂であるAmberlite IR 120H及び弱塩基アニオン交換樹脂であるAmberlite IRA 67をこの工程に使用した。高さが2フィート(61cm)で直径が1インチ(2.5cm)である個々のカチオン及びアニオン交換カラムには、それぞれ5.3×10-3立方フィート(0.15×10-3m3)のカチオン及びアニオン交換樹脂が充填されていた。ナノ濾過透過液は、10mL/分で40℃で、最初にカチオン交換カラムに供給され、次いでアニオン交換カラムに供給された。イオン交換は、ICによりイオン含量について分析した。残存イオンの全ては、0.1 mEq/L未満の濃度まで除去された。残存有機酸の全てもこの工程で除去された。産物は、外観上黄色が全くなく非常に澄んでいた。
この実施例は、ロータリーエバポレーターによる実験室規模の蒸発晶析による、合成供給材料からの塩の除去を示す。
蒸発は、Buchi Rotavap R-205を、水浴温度50℃で約100mmHgの真空で利用して実施した。合成供給材料は、およそ92 mEq/Lの一価カチオン、5 mEq/Lの二価カチオン、及び125 mEq/Lのアニオンを含む水の中の約8%のBDOにより製造した。塩のイオンを同時に溶液から沈殿させながら、この混合物から水を蒸発させた。イオンクロマトグラフィーによる分析のために少量のサンプルアリコートをとることにより、蒸発の間溶液中のイオン濃度を監視した。分析の前に、沈殿した固体は濾去した。表10は、BDOがおよそ10から95%に濃縮された時の溶解状態のイオンの濃度(供給材料試料における100%に規格化)を示す。イオン濃度は、溶液における飽和点まで上昇した(およそ30%BDO)。この点の後、さらなる蒸発が、塩の結晶化(沈殿)を推し進めた。全体として、この蒸発晶析工程は、塩イオンの97.5%をBDO溶液から沈殿させた。
この実施例は、1,4-BDOを含む種々の小さい炭素鎖ジオールにおける塩の溶解度プロファイルを示す。
さまざまな量の1,4-ブタンジオール(BDO)、1,3-プロパンジオール(PDO)、又は1,2-エタンジオール(モノエチレングリコール、MEG)を含む異なる溶液での塩の溶解度を測定した。塩を、溶液が飽和するまで、10mLの溶液に加えた。飽和の塩の溶解度を、イオンクロマトグラフィーを利用して測定した。表11は、室温(およそ20℃)での4種の異なる塩の塩溶解度を示す。塩溶解度は、BDO濃度の上昇と共に著しく低下し、蒸発晶析を利用する塩の除去の可能性を示している。表12は、室温での異なる濃度の1,4-BDO、PDO、又はMEG溶液における3種の異なる塩の塩溶解度を示す。この結果は、MEGからPDOへ、1,4-BDOへと行く塩の溶解度の低下を示し、1,4-BDOが3種の化合物の間で蒸発晶析に最も適していることを示す。
Claims (35)
1,4-BDO経路酵素をコードする1つ以上の外因性遺伝子及び/又は1つ以上の遺伝子破壊を含む1,4-BDO経路を有する微生物を含む1,4-BDO産生微生物を発酵装置中で1,4-BDOを産生するのに十分な時間培養すること;
請求項29及び32のいずれか一項による方法により1,4-BDOを単離すること
を含む、前記方法。
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