JP2011205149A - メッシュ電極を備える光電セル - Google Patents
メッシュ電極を備える光電セル Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004985 Discotic Liquid Crystal Substance Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical compound [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
- H01G9/2081—Serial interconnection of cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2013—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
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- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
- H10K30/83—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes comprising arrangements for extracting the current from the cell, e.g. metal finger grid systems to reduce the serial resistance of transparent electrodes
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Abstract
【解決手段】光電セルは、第1の電極と、開口領域を有し、導電性材料を含有するメッシュ電極と、メッシュ電極の開口領域に配置されている半導体材料と、第1の電極とメッシュ電極との間に位置し、かつ電子受容性材料および電子供与性材料を含有する活性層と、第1の電極と活性層との間のホール・ブロック層と、メッシュ電極と活性層との間のホール・キャリア層とを備える。
【選択図】図1
Description
なくとも一方はメッシュ形状である。活性層には、電子受容性材料と電子供与性材料とが含まれる。
メッシュ電極はカソードまたはアノードであり得る。幾つかの実施態様では、光電セルは、メッシュ・カソードおよびメッシュ・アノードを有する。
一定の実施態様では、光電セルにはさらに、カソードを支持する基板とホール・キャリア層との間の接着材料が含まれる。一般に接着材料は、光電セルの標準的な動作条件において、接着材料と接触している材料層を接着することが可能である。幾つかの実施態様で
は、接着材料には、1つ以上の熱可塑性、熱硬化性、または圧力感応性の接着剤が含まれる。
実施態様では、以下の利点のうちの少なくとも1つが提供され得る。
1つ以上のメッシュ電極を備える光電セルによって、一定の半導体電極に比較して、より効率的な方式で、光の形態のエネルギーを電気の形態のエネルギーに変換することが可能である。
領域124とが含まれる。一般に、メッシュ・カソード120において、開口領域124を介して光がメッシュ・カソード120を通過し、かつ中実領域122を介して電子が伝導されるように、中実領域122は導電性材料から形成される。
グされたPEDOTである。
電子受容性材料の例には、フラーレン、オキサジアゾール、カーボン・ナノロッド、ディスコティック液晶、無機ナノ粒子(例えば、亜鉛酸化物、タングステン酸化物、インジウム燐化物、セレン化カドミウム、硫化鉛、またはそれらのうちの1つ以上から形成されるナノ粒子)、無機ナノロッド(例えば、亜鉛酸化物、タングステン酸化物、インジウム燐化物、セレン化カドミウム、硫化鉛、またはそれらのうちの1つ以上から形成されるナノロッド)、または電子を受容可能な部位もしくは安定なアニオンを形成可能な部位を含むポリマー(例えば、CN基含有ポリマー、CF3基含有ポリマーなど)から形成される材料が含まれる。幾つかの実施態様では、電子受容性材料は置換フラーレン(例えば、PCBMなど)である。幾つかの実施態様では、活性層140は電子受容性材料の組合せを含み得る。
層140の厚さは、0.05μm以上(例えば、約0.1μm以上、約0.2μm以上、約0.3μm以上)、約1μm以下(例えば、約0.5μm以下、約0.4μm以下)、またはその両方である。幾つかの実施態様では、層140の厚さは、約0.1μm〜約0.2μmである。
平面的な表面は、例えば、湾曲していること、または段を有することが可能である。幾つかの実施態様では、基板170の非平面的な表面にはパターンが形成されている(例えば、パターンの形成された段を有し、フレネル・レンズ、レンチキュラー・レンズ、またはレンチキュラー・プリズムを形成する)。
一般に、接着層410には、メッシュ・カソード130を定位置に保持することが可能な任意の材料が用いられ得る。一般に、接着層410は、光電セル400に用いる厚さにて透明な材料から形成される。接着剤の例には、エポキシおよびウレタンが含まれる。接着層410に用いられ得る市販の材料の例には、デュポン(DuPont)社のBynel(商標)接着剤およびスリーエム(3M)社の615接着剤が含まれる。幾つかの実施態様では、接着層410にはフッ素化接着剤が含まれ得る。一定の実施態様では、接着層410は導電性接着剤を含有する。導電性接着剤は、例えば、上述の導電性ポリマー(例えば、PEDOT)など、本質的に導電性のポリマーから形成され得る。導電性接着剤は、1つ以上の導電性材料(例えば、導電性粒子)を含むポリマー(例えば、本質的に導電性でないポリマー)からも形成され得る。幾つかの実施態様では、接着層410は、1つ以上の導電性材料を含む、本質的に導電性のポリマーを含有する。
幾つかの実施態様では、光電セルは以下のように調製され得る。従来技術を用いて電極160を基板170上に形成し、ホール・ブロック層150を電極160上に形成する(例えば、真空蒸着(vacuum deposition)プロセスまたは溶液コーティング・プロセスを用いて)。活性層140をホール・ブロック層150上に形成する(例えば、スロット・コーティング、スピン・コーティング、またはグラビア・コーティングなど、溶液コーティング・プロセスを用いて)。ホール・キャリア層130を活性層140上に形成する(例えば、スロット・コーティング、スピン・コーティング、またはグラビア・コーティングなど、溶液コーティング・プロセスを用いて)。メッシュ・カソード120をホール・キャリア層130に部分的に配置する(例えば、ホール・キャリア層130の表面にメッシュ・カソード120を配置し、メッシュ・カソード120をプレス加工することによって)。続いて、従来の方法を用いて、基板110をメッシュ・カソード120およびホール・キャリア層130上に形成する。
・プロセスを用いて)。従来技術を用いて接着層410をホール・キャリア層130上に配置する。メッシュ・カソード120を接着層410およびホール・キャリア層130に部分的に配置する(例えば、接着層410の表面にメッシュ・カソード120を配置し、メッシュ・カソード120をプレス加工することによって)。続いて、従来の方法を用いて、基板110をメッシュ・カソード120および接着層410上に形成する。
メッシュから形成されるカソードを開示したが、別の例として、幾つかの実施態様ではメッシュ・アノードを用いることが可能である。これは例えば、アノードが伝達した光を用いる場合に所望され得る。一定の実施態様では、メッシュ・カソードおよびメッシュ・アノードの両方が用いられる。これは例えば、カソードおよびアノードの両方が伝達した光を用いる場合に所望され得る。
まれる。典型的には、メッシュ電極の開口領域に配置される半導体材料は、光電セルに用いる厚さにて透明である。
図4では中実領域122が別の材料へコーティングされた1つの材料から形成されるように示したが、別の例として、幾つかの実施態様では中実領域122は2つ以上のコーティングされた材料(例えば、3つのコーティングされた材料、4つのコーティングされた材料、5つのコーティングされた材料、6つのコーティングされた材料)から形成され得る。
Claims (1)
- 第1の電極と、
開口領域を有し、導電性材料を含有するメッシュ電極と、
メッシュ電極の開口領域に配置されている半導体材料と、
第1の電極とメッシュ電極との間に位置し、かつ電子受容性材料および電子供与性材料を含有する活性層と、
第1の電極と活性層との間のホール・ブロック層と、
メッシュ電極と活性層との間のホール・キャリア層とを備える光電セル。
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WO2024054299A2 (en) * | 2022-07-16 | 2024-03-14 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Multivalent organic salts for photovoltaics |
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EP1606845A4 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
EP1606845B1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
US20110308604A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
JP5248770B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
JP2006523369A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
DE602004029770D1 (de) | 2010-12-09 |
EP1606845A2 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
WO2004086464A2 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US20030230337A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
KR101024876B1 (ko) | 2011-03-31 |
US20040187911A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
JP5616852B2 (ja) | 2014-10-29 |
KR20050116152A (ko) | 2005-12-09 |
JP2013093328A (ja) | 2013-05-16 |
WO2004086464A3 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
US7022910B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
ATE486378T1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
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