JP5350587B2 - メッシュ電極を備える光電セル - Google Patents
メッシュ電極を備える光電セル Download PDFInfo
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- JP5350587B2 JP5350587B2 JP2006507473A JP2006507473A JP5350587B2 JP 5350587 B2 JP5350587 B2 JP 5350587B2 JP 2006507473 A JP2006507473 A JP 2006507473A JP 2006507473 A JP2006507473 A JP 2006507473A JP 5350587 B2 JP5350587 B2 JP 5350587B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004985 Discotic Liquid Crystal Substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 71
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 4
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003313 Bynel® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical compound [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
- H10K30/83—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes comprising arrangements for extracting the current from the cell, e.g. metal finger grid systems to reduce the serial resistance of transparent electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Description
メッシュ電極はカソードまたはアノードであり得る。幾つかの実施態様では、光電セルは、メッシュ・カソードおよびメッシュ・アノードを有する。
一定の実施態様では、光電セルにはさらに、カソードを支持する基板とホール・キャリア層との間の接着材料が含まれる。一般に接着材料は、光電セルの標準的な動作条件において、接着材料と接触している材料層を接着することが可能である。幾つかの実施態様では、接着材料には、1つ以上の熱可塑性、熱硬化性、または圧力感応性の接着剤が含まれる。
実施態様では、以下の利点のうちの少なくとも1つが提供され得る。
1つ以上のメッシュ電極を備える光電セルによって、一定の半導体電極に比較して、より効率的な方式で、光の形態のエネルギーを電気の形態のエネルギーに変換することが可能である。
図1には、光電セル100の断面図を示す。光電セル100は、透明基板110、メッシュ・カソード120、ホール・キャリア層130、光活性層(電子受容性材料および電子供与性材料を含有する)140、ホール・ブロック層150、アノード160、および基板170を備える。
成される、メッシュ織物である。例えば、平織り、畳織り(Dutch weave)、綾織り(twill weave)、綾畳織り、またはそれらの組合せを用いて、線材を織ることが可能である。一定の実施態様では、メッシュ・カソード120は、溶接された線材のメッシュから形成される。幾つかの実施態様では、メッシュ・カソード120は、形成されたエキスパンド・メッシュである。エキスパンド・メタル・メッシュは、例えば、材料(例えば、金属などの導電性材料)のシートから開口領域124を取除き(例えば、レーザ除去を介して、化学的エッチングを介して、穴開け(puncturing)を介して)、続いてシートを伸展する(例えば、シートを2次元に伸展するなど)ことによって、調製可能である。一定の実施態様では、メッシュ・カソード120は、開口領域124を取除く(例えば、レーザ除去を介して、化学的エッチングを介して、穴開けを介して)ことによって形成される金属シートであり、続いてシートを伸展することはしない。
形、台形、不定形)。幾つかの実施態様では、メッシュ・カソード120において、異なる開口領域124は異なる形状を有し得る。
カソード120へとホールを輸送し、かつメッシュ・カソード120への電子の輸送を実質的にブロックする材料から形成される。ホール・キャリア層130が形成され得る材料の例には、ポリチオフェン(例えば、PEDOT)、ポリアニリン、ポリビニルカルバゾール、ポリフェニレン、ポリフェニルビニレン、ポリシラン、ポリチエニレンビニレン、ポリイソチアナフタネン(polyisothianaphthanenes )が含まれる。幾つかの実施態様では、ホール・キャリア層130には、ホール・キャリア材料の組合せが含まれ得る。
電子受容性材料の例には、フラーレン、オキサジアゾール、カーボン・ナノロッド、ディスコティック液晶、無機ナノ粒子(例えば、亜鉛酸化物、タングステン酸化物、インジウム燐化物、セレン化カドミウム、硫化鉛、またはそれらのうちの1つ以上から形成されるナノ粒子)、無機ナノロッド(例えば、亜鉛酸化物、タングステン酸化物、インジウム燐化物、セレン化カドミウム、硫化鉛、またはそれらのうちの1つ以上から形成されるナノロッド)、または電子を受容可能な部位もしくは安定なアニオンを形成可能な部位を含むポリマー(例えば、CN基含有ポリマー、CF3基含有ポリマーなど)から形成される材料が含まれる。幾つかの実施態様では、電子受容性材料は置換フラーレン(例えば、PCBMなど)である。幾つかの実施態様では、活性層140は電子受容性材料の組合せを含み得る。
はその両方である。
一般に、接着層410には、メッシュ・カソード120を定位置に保持することが可能な任意の材料が用いられ得る。一般に、接着層410は、光電セル400に用いる厚さにて透明な材料から形成される。接着剤の例には、エポキシおよびウレタンが含まれる。接着層410に用いられ得る市販の材料の例には、デュポン(DuPont)社のBynel(商標)接着剤およびスリーエム(3M)社の615接着剤が含まれる。幾つかの実施態様では、接着層410にはフッ素化接着剤が含まれ得る。一定の実施態様では、接着層410は導電性接着剤を含有する。導電性接着剤は、例えば、上述の導電性ポリマー(例えば、PEDOT)など、本質的に導電性のポリマーから形成され得る。導電性接着剤は、1つ以上の導電性材料(例えば、導電性粒子)を含むポリマー(例えば、本質的に導電性でないポリマー)からも形成され得る。幾つかの実施態様では、接着層410は、1つ以上の導電性材料を含む、本質的に導電性のポリマーを含有する。
幾つかの実施態様では、光電セルは以下のように調製され得る。従来技術を用いて電極160を基板170上に形成し、ホール・ブロック層150を電極160上に形成する(例えば、真空蒸着(vacuum deposition)プロセスまたは溶液コーティング・プロセスを用いて)。活性層140をホール・ブロック層150上に形成する(例えば、スロット・コーティング、スピン・コーティング、またはグラビア・コーティングなど、溶液コーティング・プロセスを用いて)。ホール・キャリア層130を活性層140上に形成する(例えば、スロット・コーティング、スピン・コーティング、またはグラビア・コーティングなど、溶液コーティング・プロセスを用いて)。メッシュ・カソード120をホール・キャリア層130に部分的に配置する(例えば、ホール・キャリア層130の表面にメッシュ・カソード120を配置し、メッシュ・カソード120をプレス加工することによって)。続いて、従来の方法を用いて、基板110をメッシュ・カソード120およびホール・キャリア層130上に形成する。
ード材料は、例えば、スクリーンを通してメッシュのパターンに真空蒸着することも可能であり、蒸着後にフォトリソグラフィーによってパターンを形成されてもよい。
メッシュから形成されるカソードを開示したが、別の例として、幾つかの実施態様ではメッシュ・アノードを用いることが可能である。これは例えば、アノードが伝達した光を用いる場合に所望され得る。一定の実施態様では、メッシュ・カソードおよびメッシュ・アノードの両方が用いられる。これは例えば、カソードおよびアノードの両方が伝達した光を用いる場合に所望され得る。
化カドミウム、銅インジウム硫化物、および銅インジウムガリウム砒化物から形成される活性材料を含む光電セルが含まれる。
図4では中実領域122が別の材料へコーティングされた1つの材料から形成されるように示したが、別の例として、幾つかの実施態様では中実領域122は2つ以上のコーティングされた材料(例えば、3つのコーティングされた材料、4つのコーティングされた材料、5つのコーティングされた材料、6つのコーティングされた材料)から形成され得る。
Claims (17)
- 第1の電極と、
開口領域と導電性材料を含有する中実領域とを有する、メッシュ電極と、
前記第1の電極と前記メッシュ電極との間に位置し、かつ電子受容性材料および電子供与性材料を含有する活性層と、
前記第1の電極と前記活性層との間のホール・ブロック層と、
前記活性層と前記メッシュ電極との間のホール・キャリア層とを備える光電セルであって、
前記光電セルを前記ホール・キャリア層において基板に接着する接着材料をさらに備え、
前記接着材料と、前記ホール・キャリア層のうちの少なくとも一部とは、前記メッシュ電極の開口領域内に配置されている、光電セル。 - 前記メッシュ電極はカソードである請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記導電性材料は金属、合金、ポリマー、およびそれらの組合せから選択される請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記メッシュ電極は線材を含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記線材は導電性材料を含む請求項4に記載の光電セル。
- 前記導電性材料は金属、合金、ポリマー、およびそれらの組合せから選択される請求項5に記載の光電セル。
- 前記線材は導電性材料を含有するコーティングを含む請求項4に記載の光電セル。
- 前記導電性材料は金属、合金、ポリマー、およびそれらの組合せから選択される請求項7に記載の光電セル。
- 前記メッシュ電極はエキスパンド・メッシュを含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記メッシュ電極はメッシュ織物を含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記電子受容性材料はフラーレン、無機ナノ粒子、オキサジアゾール、ディスコティック液晶、カーボン・ナノロッド、無機ナノロッド、CN基含有ポリマー、CF3基含有ポリマー、およびそれらの組合せから選択される材料を含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記電子受容性材料は置換フラーレンを含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記電子供与性材料はディスコティック液晶、ポリチオフェン、ポリフェニレン、ポリフェニルビニレン、ポリシラン、ポリチエニルビニレン、およびポリイソチアナフタレンから選択される材料を含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記電子供与性材料はポリ(3−ヘキシルチオフェン)を含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記ホール・ブロック層はLiF、金属酸化物、およびそれらの組合せから選択される材料を含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記ホール・キャリア層はポリチオフェン、ポリアニリン、ポリビニルカルバゾール、ポリフェニレン、ポリフェニルビニレン、ポリシラン、ポリチエニレンビニレン、ポリイソチアナフタネン、およびそれらの組合せから選択される材料を含む請求項1に記載の光電セル。
- 前記第1の電極は別のメッシュ電極から成る請求項1に記載の光電セル。
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2004
- 2004-03-23 EP EP04758052A patent/EP1606846B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-23 JP JP2006507473A patent/JP5350587B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-23 WO PCT/US2004/008812 patent/WO2004086462A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-03-23 KR KR1020057017679A patent/KR101036539B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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2005
- 2005-10-28 US US11/261,197 patent/US20060090791A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20060090791A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
KR101036539B1 (ko) | 2011-05-24 |
KR20050116151A (ko) | 2005-12-09 |
EP1606846A4 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
JP2006521700A (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
EP1606846A2 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
EP1606846B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
WO2004086462A3 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
WO2004086462A2 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US20070131277A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
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