WO2009119557A1 - 組成物及びそれを用いた光電変換素子 - Google Patents
組成物及びそれを用いた光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119557A1 WO2009119557A1 PCT/JP2009/055776 JP2009055776W WO2009119557A1 WO 2009119557 A1 WO2009119557 A1 WO 2009119557A1 JP 2009055776 W JP2009055776 W JP 2009055776W WO 2009119557 A1 WO2009119557 A1 WO 2009119557A1
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- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- composition
- photoelectric conversion
- coating method
- conversion element
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 56
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- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-AOOOYVTPSA-N cis-decalin Chemical compound C1CCC[C@H]2CCCC[C@H]21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-AOOOYVTPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
- H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
- H10K71/15—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating characterised by the solvent used
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/30—Devices controlled by radiation
- H10K39/32—Organic image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition and a photoelectric conversion element using the composition.
- An organic thin-film solar cell is a solar cell in which an organic photoelectric conversion layer is disposed between two different electrodes, and there is a possibility that the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced as compared with an inorganic solar cell typified by silicon. It is attracting attention as a cheaper photovoltaic power generation element.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses orthodichlorobenzene as a solvent, poly (3-hexylthiophene) as a conjugated polymer compound, and [6,6] -phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a fullerene derivative. ) Is described.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composition capable of suppressing defects due to bubbles when used for forming a large-area organic film contained in an organic solar cell.
- the present invention first includes a conjugated polymer compound, a fullerene derivative, a first solvent, and a second solvent, and the sum of the weight of the first solvent and the weight of the second solvent is 100.
- the weight of the first solvent is 70 to 97
- the surface tension of the first solvent at 25 ° C. is greater than 25 mN / m
- the surface tension of the second solvent at 25 ° C. is 15 to A composition is provided that is 25 mN / m.
- the present invention secondly includes a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent, and an organic layer having a photoelectric conversion function between the electrodes, wherein the organic layer is formed from the composition.
- An element is provided.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a photoelectric conversion element comprising a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent, and an organic layer having a photoelectric conversion function sandwiched between the electrodes.
- the manufacturing method of a photoelectric conversion element which has the process of manufacturing an organic layer from the said composition is provided.
- the present invention provides an image sensor including the photoelectric conversion element.
- composition of the present invention is extremely useful industrially because it suppresses defects due to bubbles when it is used for forming a large-area organic film contained in an organic solar cell.
- 3 is a photograph of the surface of an organic film formed using Composition 1.
- 4 is a photograph of the surface of an organic film formed using Composition 5.
- the first solvent contained in the composition of the present invention has a surface tension at 25 ° C. of more than 25 mN / m, preferably more than 25 mN / m and less than 60 mN / m.
- Specific examples of the first solvent include toluene (27.9 mN / m), benzonitrile (34.5 mN / m), 1,3-benzodioxole (28.8 mN / m), orthoxylene (29.
- an aromatic compound having a substituent is preferable, and chlorobenzene, orthodichlorobenzene, metadichlorobenzene, paradichlorobenzene, orthoxylene, metaxylene, paraxylene, and toluene are more preferable.
- the first solvent preferably dissolves 0.3% by weight or more of the conjugated polymer compound at 25 ° C. Further, it is preferable to dissolve 0.3% by weight or more of the fullerene derivative at 25 ° C.
- the second solvent contained in the composition of the present invention has a surface tension at 25 ° C. of 15 to 25 mN / m.
- the second solvent is preferably a solvent that is uniformly mixed with the first solvent.
- Specific examples of the second solvent include isopropylamine (21.8 mN / m), ethanol (24.0 mN / m), n-octane (21.1 mN / m), dibutyl ether (22.4 mN / m), Dipropyl ether (20.0 mN / m), n-decane (23.4 mN / m), 1-decene (23.5 mN / m), triethylamine (20.2 mN / m), n-nonane (22.4 mN / m) m), 1-nonene (22.6 mN / m), tert-butyl alcohol (16.9 mN / m), butyl ethyl ether (2
- linear alkanes alkanes such as branched alkanes or cycloalkanes, linear alcohols, branched alcohols or alicyclic alcohols are preferable.
- n-octane is preferable.
- the solvent which does not impair the stability as a composition is preferable. That is, a solvent that does not evaporate rapidly under normal storage and use environments, and a solvent that suppresses aggregation and precipitation of solute components such as a conjugated polymer compound and a fullerene derivative are preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the first solvent and the second solvent in the composition of the present invention is the solubility, surface tension, and addition amount of the conjugated polymer compound and the fullerene derivative as the solute, the surface tension of the first solvent, and It is possible to adjust according to the surface tension of the second solvent.
- the weight of the first solvent is 70 to 97.
- the first solvent The weight of is preferably 90 to 95.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a third solvent for the purpose of improving the film formability and reproducibility of the organic film and the power generation characteristics of the photoelectric conversion element.
- the weight of the third solvent is preferably 30 or less when the sum of the weights of the first solvent and the second solvent is 100.
- the conjugated polymer compound used in the present invention includes (1) a polymer consisting essentially of a structure in which double bonds and single bonds are alternately arranged, and (2) a double bond and a single bond via a nitrogen atom.
- unsubstituted or substituted fluorenediyl group unsubstituted or substituted benzofluorenediyl group, unsubstituted or substituted dibenzofurandiyl group, unsubstituted or substituted dibenzothiophenediyl group, unsubstituted or substituted A carbazolediyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted thiophenediyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted furandyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted pyrroldiyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted benzothiadiazolediyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted phenylenevinylenediyl group, One or two or more types selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted thienylene vinylene diyl group and an unsubstituted or substituted triphenylamine diyl group are used as repeating units,
- the weight of the conjugated polymer compound contained in the composition of the present invention is 0.1 to 3 from the viewpoint of solubility when the sum of the weight of the first solvent and the weight of the second solvent is 100. 0.0 is preferable, and 0.5 to 2.0 is more preferable.
- fullerene derivative contained in the composition of the present invention examples include C 60 , C 70 , C 84 and derivatives thereof. Specific examples of the fullerene derivative include the following.
- the weight of the fullerene derivative contained in the composition of the present invention is 0.1 to 3.0 from the viewpoint of solubility when the sum of the weight of the first solvent and the weight of the second solvent is 100. Preferably, it is 0.5 to 2.0.
- conjugated polymer compound and fullerene derivative contained in the composition of the present invention are preferably dissolved, but any one of them may be aggregated with a size of 100 nm or less.
- Organic film The organic film obtained from the composition of the present invention is used as, for example, an organic layer that converts light energy into electric energy, and functions as an organic layer that is a power generation source of the photoelectric conversion element.
- a single organic film for converting light energy into electric energy is included in each cell of the photoelectric conversion element. See, for example, Science, 2007, vol. 317, pp. As described in 222 to 225, two or more layers may be included in order to obtain higher power generation efficiency.
- the organic film used in the present invention is formed on a solid substrate. That is, the organic film is not a three-dimensional solid, but is formed on a support and used in that state.
- As the support it is possible to use a solid substrate having either a rigid or flexible property.
- rigid base materials include heat-resistant glass and engineering plastics
- flexible base materials include metal films and resin films.
- an organic film may be directly formed on the surface of the solid base material, but a transparent conductive solid electrode layer is formed on the surface of the transparent solid base material, and used as a transparent electrode of the organic thin film solar cell. It is also possible to use it.
- the transparent conductive solid electrode layer is made of a transparent conductive oxide film typified by indium tin oxide (ITO), a metal thin film such as Ag or Au, an alloy thin film composed of two or more metals, or poly (ethylene diethylene).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a layer having both transparency and electrical conductivity, such as a conductive polymer having transparency represented by oxythiophene (PEDOT), can be used.
- the solid substrate in order to improve the wettability of the composition of the present invention and the interfacial adhesion between the organic layer and the substrate, physical means such as ultraviolet ozone treatment, corona discharge treatment, and plasma treatment are applied to the solid substrate. Therefore, it is preferable to clean and modify the surface.
- a method of chemically modifying the surface of the solid substrate such as a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, and a thiol self-assembled monolayer is also effective.
- a coating method can be used.
- a printing method using any one of an intaglio plate, a relief plate, a lithographic plate and a stencil plate is preferred.
- one of the printing methods using an intaglio plate The gravure printing method is more preferable.
- a slit coating method, a capillary coating method, a gravure coating method, a micro gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a knife coating method and a spin coating method are preferable.
- either the nozzle printing method or the ink jet printing method can be selected.
- the organic layer formed from the composition of the present invention is an organic layer having a function of converting light energy into electric energy (photoelectric conversion function), and at least one sandwiching the organic layer Is an organic thin film solar cell having a pair of electrodes that are transparent or translucent.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has a structure in which two electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent, are arranged so as to face each other with the organic layer interposed therebetween.
- the transparent or translucent electrode is a transparent conductive oxide film typified by ITO (indium tin oxide), a metal thin film such as Ag or Au, an alloy thin film composed of two or more metals, or poly (ethylene diethylene). Any electrode having both transparency and electrical conductivity, such as a conductive polymer having transparency represented by oxythiophene (PEDOT), may be used.
- the above-described transparent electrode non-transparent metal such as Al, Ag, Au, Ti, Fe, and non-metal such as graphite can be used.
- a coating method can be used.
- a printing method using any one of an intaglio plate, a relief plate, a lithographic plate and a stencil plate is preferred.
- the gravure printing method is more preferable.
- uniform film formation is performed on the entire surface of a substrate such as a large area cell, a slit coating method, a capillary coating method, a gravure coating method, a micro gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a knife coating method and a spin coating method are preferred.
- the nozzle printing method or the ink jet printing method can be selected.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably higher than 60 ° C. and lower than 250 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably longer than 1 minute and shorter than 24 hours.
- the heat treatment can be performed in the air or in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, but is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration due to thermal oxidation or the like of the organic layer material. .
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes a property of selectively extracting electrons or holes between the electrode and the organic layer, a property of lowering an energy barrier between the electrode and the organic layer, or a laminate. It is also possible to have an intermediate layer having a function of improving power generation characteristics, process durability, etc., such as film forming properties when forming a film to be formed and characteristics for reducing damage to the lower layer of the film.
- the intermediate layer is included as a lower layer and / or an upper layer of the organic film.
- the intermediate layer can be formed using a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a vapor phase method such as a laser ablation method, a sol-gel method, a spray coating method, or a wet method such as a coating method similar to an organic film.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention can be operated as an organic thin film solar cell by generating a photovoltaic force between the electrodes by irradiating light such as sunlight from a transparent or translucent electrode. It can also be used as an organic thin film solar cell module by integrating a plurality of organic thin film solar cells.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention can be operated as an organic photosensor by irradiating light from a transparent or translucent electrode in a state where a voltage is applied between the electrodes, so that a photocurrent flows. Furthermore, the organic photosensor is used as a light receiving unit, a drive circuit unit that detects an output due to a signal current generated by the organic photosensor and reads the signal charge, and a wiring that connects the organic photosensor and the drive circuit are provided. It can be used as an organic image sensor.
- the organic light sensor can be used with a color filter on the light incident surface side to provide color selectivity of light to be detected, or light absorption with high selectivity for each of the three primary colors of light. A plurality of types of organic photosensors having characteristics can also be used.
- the drive circuit is an IC chip formed of a transistor using single crystal silicon, or a thin film transistor using a compound semiconductor such as polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, or cadmium selenide, and a conjugated organic compound semiconductor such as pentacene. What is constructed can be used.
- the organic image sensor has a lower manufacturing cost than a conventional image sensor using a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) as a photographing element for a scanner, digital camera, digital video, etc. Advantages such as a small installation area can be expected.
- CCD charge coupled device
- CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- Example 1 (Preparation of Composition 1) Ortho-dichlorobenzene (surface tension at 25 ° C. is 36.7 mN / m) is used as the first solvent, n-octane (surface tension at 25 ° C. is 21.1 mN / m) as the second solvent, and the weight percentage is They were weighed and mixed so as to be 90% by weight and 10% by weight, respectively.
- poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (trade name licicon SP001, lot. EF431002) as a conjugated polymer compound, and PCBM (trade name E100, frontier carbon company) as a fullerene derivative. lot.7B0168-A) was added.
- P3HT poly (3-hexylthiophene)
- PCBM trade name E100, frontier carbon company
- the solute concentration was 1.5% by weight for P3HT and 1.2% by weight for PCBM with respect to the total weight of the composition. After adding the solute component, the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 2 hours, and then filtered through a filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to obtain a composition 1.
- Test example 1 Organic film printing test
- a gravure printing apparatus manufactured by RK Print Coat Instruments, model: K303
- an intaglio engraved with a rectangular pattern of 10 ⁇ 100 mm a printability test was performed by a gravure printing method.
- An ITO film film thickness: about 150 nm
- the composition 1 was printed on the ITO surface by gravure printing.
- the presence or absence of bubbles in the organic film was observed in an undried state after printing, and the presence or absence of defects due to bubbles was evaluated.
- the results are shown in Table 1 below.
- FIG. 1 shows a photograph of the dried organic film surface taken with a microscope (manufactured by Hilox, model: KH-7700).
- Example 2 (Production and evaluation of organic thin-film solar cells) A glass substrate provided with an ITO film with a thickness of 150 nm by a sputtering method was subjected to surface treatment by ozone UV treatment. Next, the composition 1 was applied by spin coating to form an organic film to obtain an organic layer. Thereafter, heat treatment was performed in the atmosphere at 150 ° C. for 3 minutes using a hot plate. Thereafter, drying was performed in vacuum at room temperature for 60 minutes. The film thickness after drying was about 150 nm. Thereafter, Al was deposited to a thickness of 100 nm by a vacuum deposition machine. The degree of vacuum during vapor deposition was 1 to 9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa in all cases .
- the shape of the organic thin-film solar cell which is the obtained photoelectric conversion element was a regular square of 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the obtained organic thin film solar cell was obtained by irradiating light with an irradiance of 100 mW / cm 2 through an AM1.5G filter using a solar simulator (trade name YSS-80, manufactured by Yamashita Denso Co., Ltd.). The current and voltage were measured to determine the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 3 (Preparation of composition 2) Ortho-dichlorobenzene was used as the first solvent and n-octane was used as the second solvent, and they were weighed and mixed so that the weight percentages were 92 wt% and 8 wt%, respectively. Otherwise, composition 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 4 (Production and evaluation of organic thin-film solar cells) An organic thin film solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the composition 2 was used in place of the composition 1, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Test example 2 Organic film printing test An organic film was formed in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the composition 2 was used in place of the composition 1. In an undried state after printing, the presence or absence of bubbles in the organic film was observed, and the presence or absence of defects due to bubbles was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 5 (Preparation of composition 3) Using orthodichlorobenzene as the first solvent and n-hexane (the surface tension at 25 ° C. is 17.9 mN / m) as the second solvent, weigh it so that the weight percentage is 90 wt% and 10 wt%, respectively. And mixed. Otherwise, composition 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 6 (Production and evaluation of organic thin-film solar cells) An organic thin film solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the composition 3 was used in place of the composition 1, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Test example 3 Organic film printing test An organic film was formed in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the composition 3 was used in place of the composition 1. In an undried state after printing, the presence or absence of bubbles in the organic film was observed, and the presence or absence of defects due to bubbles was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 7 (Preparation of composition 4) Ortho-dichlorobenzene was used as the first solvent and tert-butyl alcohol (surface tension at 25 ° C. was 16.9 mN / m) as the second solvent, so that the weight percentages were 90 wt% and 10 wt%, respectively. Weighed and mixed. Otherwise, composition 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 8 (Production and evaluation of organic thin-film solar cells) An organic thin film solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the composition 4 was used in place of the composition 1, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Test example 4 Organic film printing test An organic film was formed in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the composition 4 was used in place of the composition 1. In an undried state after printing, the presence or absence of bubbles in the organic film was observed, and the presence or absence of defects due to bubbles was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 5 Organic film printing test An organic film was formed in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the composition 5 was used instead of the composition 1. In an undried state after printing, the presence or absence of bubbles in the organic film was observed, and the presence or absence of defects due to bubbles was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 below. A photograph of the organic film surface after drying, taken with a microscope, is shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 2 (Preparation of composition 6) Using orthodichlorobenzene as the first solvent, tetradecane (surface tension at 25 ° C. of 26.1 mN / m) as the second solvent, weighed so that the weight percentages were 90 wt% and 10 wt%, respectively. Mixed. Otherwise, composition 6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Test Example 6 Organic film printing test An organic film was formed in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the composition 6 was used instead of the composition 1. In an undried state after printing, the presence or absence of bubbles in the organic film was observed, and the presence or absence of defects due to bubbles was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Comparative Example 3 (Preparation of composition 7) Orthodichlorobenzene was used as the first solvent, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (surface tension at 25 ° C. was 27.5 mN / m) as the second solvent, and the weight percentages were 70 wt% and 30 wt%, respectively. And weighed and mixed. Otherwise, composition 6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 7 Organic film printing test An organic film was formed in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the composition 7 was used in place of the composition 1. In an undried state after printing, the presence or absence of bubbles in the organic film was observed, and the presence or absence of defects due to bubbles was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- composition of the present invention is extremely useful industrially because it suppresses defects due to bubbles when it is used to form a large-area organic film contained in an organic solar cell.
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Abstract
Description
による欠陥を抑制するため、本発明は工業的に極めて有用である。
(組成物)
本発明の組成物に含まれる第1の溶媒は、25℃における表面張力が25mN/mより大きく、好ましくは25mN/mより大きく60mN/mより小さい。第1の溶媒の具体例としては、トルエン(27.9mN/m)、ベンゾニトリル(34.5mN/m)、1,3-ベンゾジオキソール(28.8mN/m)、オルトキシレン(29.8mN/m)、メタキシレン(28.5mN/m)、パラキシレン(28.0mN/m)、シクロヘキサノン(34.6mN/m)、クロロベンゼン(33.0mN/m)、オルトジクロロベンゼン(36.7mN/m)、メタジクロロベンゼン(35.4mN/m)、パラジクロロベンゼン(32.5mN/m)、cis-デカリン(32.2mN/m)、trans-デカリン(29.9mN/m)、エチルベンゼン(28.7mN/m)、1,2,4-トリメチルベンゼン(29.2mN/m)、1,3,5-トリメチルベンゼン(27.5mN/m)、クロロホルム(26.7mN/m)、テトラデカン(26.1mN/m)、エチレングリコール(48.4mN/m)等が挙げられる。括弧内の数値は25℃における表面張力を表す。表面張力は、「Lange‘s Handbook of Chemistry 13th edition」、John.A.Dean編著、McGaw-Hill社、1972年発刊、pp.10/103-10/116に記載された値である。共役高分子化合物の溶解性の観点からは、置換基を有する芳香族化合物が好ましく、クロロベンゼン、オルトジクロロベンゼン、メタジクロロベンゼン、パラジクロロベンゼン、オルトキシレン、メタキシレン、パラキシレン、トルエンがより好ましい。
本発明の組成物より得られる有機膜は、例えば、光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する有機層として用いられ、光電変換素子の発電起源となる有機層として機能する。通常は光電変換素子のセル1つにつき光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する有機膜が1層含まれているが、例えばScience、2007年、vol.317、pp.222~225に記載されているように、より高い発電効率を得るために2層以上を含む場合もある。
本発明の1つの態様は、本発明の組成物から形成される有機層が、光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する機能(光電変換機能)を有する有機層であり、その有機層を挟む、少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極を有してなる有機薄膜太陽電池である。
(組成物1の調製)
第1の溶媒としてオルトジクロロベンゼン(25℃における表面張力は36.7mN/m)を、第2の溶媒としてn-オクタン(25℃における表面張力は21.1mN/m)を用い、重量%がそれぞれ90重量%と10重量%となるように秤量し、混合した。この混合溶媒中に、共役高分子化合物としてポリ(3-ヘキシルチオフェン)(P3HT)(メルク社製、商品名lisicon SP001、lot.EF431002)、フラーレン誘導体としてPCBM(フロンティアカーボン社製、商品名E100、lot.7B0168-A)を添加した。溶質濃度は、組成物全体重量に対し、P3HTが1.5重量%、PCBMが1.2重量%とした。溶質成分を添加後、70℃で2時間撹拌を行った後、孔径0.2μmのフィルタにてろ過を行い、組成物1を得た。
(有機膜の印刷試験)
グラビア印刷装置(RK Print Coat Instruments社製、型式:K303)、及び10×100mmの長方形パターンが彫刻された凹版を用い、グラビア印刷法により印刷性の試験を行った。PENフィルム基板上にITO膜(膜厚:約150nm)をコートし、該ITO表面に、グラビア印刷により組成物1を印刷した。印刷後の未乾燥の状態で有機膜の気泡の有無を観察し、気泡による欠陥の有無を評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。また、マイクロスコープ(ハイロックス社製、型式:KH-7700)にて撮影された、乾燥後の有機膜表面の写真を図1に示す。
(有機薄膜太陽電池の作製と評価)
スパッタ法により150nmの厚みでITO膜を付けたガラス基板をオゾンUV処理して表面処理を行った。次に、組成物1を、スピンコートにより塗布して有機膜を製膜し、有機層とした。その後、ホットプレートを用い大気中150℃、3分間熱処理を施した。その後、真空中室温で60分間乾燥を行った。乾燥後の膜厚は約150nmであった。その後、真空蒸着機によりAlを厚さ100nm蒸着した。蒸着中の真空度は、すべて1~9×10-4Paであった。また、得られた光電変換素子である有機薄膜太陽電池の形状は、2mm×2mmの正四角形であった。得られた有機薄膜太陽電池の光電変換効率をソーラシミュレーター(山下電装社製、商品名YSS-80)を用い、AM1.5Gフィルターを通した放射照度100mW/cm2の光を照射し、得られた電流及び電圧を測定し、光電変換効率を求めた。結果を下記表2に示す。
(組成物2の調製)
第1の溶媒としてオルトジクロロベンゼンを、第2の溶媒としてn-オクタンを用い、重量%がそれぞれ92重量%と8重量%となるように秤量し、混合した。それ以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で組成物2を調製した。
(有機薄膜太陽電池の作製と評価)
組成物1に代えて組成物2を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の手法で有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、光電変換効率を測定した。結果を下記表2に示す。
(有機膜の印刷試験)
組成物1に代えて組成物2を用いた以外は、試験例1と同様の手法で有機膜を製膜した。印刷後の未乾燥の状態で、有機膜の気泡の有無を観察し、気泡による欠陥の有無を評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。
(組成物3の調製)
第1の溶媒としてオルトジクロロベンゼンを、第2の溶媒としてn-ヘキサン(25℃における表面張力は17.9mN/m)を用い、重量%がそれぞれ90重量%と10重量%となるように秤量し、混合した。それ以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で組成物3を調製した。
(有機薄膜太陽電池の作製と評価)
組成物1に代えて組成物3を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の手法で有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、光電変換効率を測定した。結果を下記表2に示す。
(有機膜の印刷試験)
組成物1に代えて組成物3を用いた以外は、試験例1と同様の手法で有機膜を製膜した。印刷後の未乾燥の状態で、有機膜の気泡の有無を観察し、気泡による欠陥の有無を評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。
(組成物4の調製)
第1の溶媒としてオルトジクロロベンゼンを、第2の溶媒としてtert-ブチルアルコール(25℃における表面張力は16.9mN/m)を用い、重量%がそれぞれ90重量%と10重量%となるように秤量し、混合した。それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法で組成物4を調製した。
(有機薄膜太陽電池の作製と評価)
組成物1に代えて組成物4を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の手法で有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、光電変換効率を測定した。結果を下記表2に示す。
(有機膜の印刷試験)
組成物1に代えて組成物4を用いた以外は、試験例1と同様の手法で有機膜を製膜した。印刷後の未乾燥の状態で、有機膜の気泡の有無を観察し、気泡による欠陥の有無を評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。
(組成物5の調製)
第1の溶媒としてオルトジクロロベンゼンを用い、第2の溶媒は用いなかった。それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法で組成物5を調製した。
(有機膜の印刷試験)
組成物1に代えて組成物5を用いた以外は、試験例1と同様の手法で有機膜を製膜した。印刷後の未乾燥の状態で、有機膜の気泡の有無を観察し、気泡による欠陥の有無を評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。マイクロスコープにて撮影された、乾燥後の有機膜表面の写真を図2に示す。
(組成物6の調製)
第1の溶媒としてオルトジクロロベンゼンを、第2の溶媒としてテトラデカン(25℃における表面張力は26.1mN/m)を用い、重量%がそれぞれ90重量%と10重量%となるように秤量し、混合した。それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法で組成物6を調製した。
(有機膜の印刷試験)
組成物1に代えて組成物6を用いた以外は、試験例1と同様の手法で有機膜を製膜した。印刷後の未乾燥の状態で、有機膜の気泡の有無を観察し、気泡による欠陥の有無を評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。
(組成物7の調製)
第1の溶媒としてオルトジクロロベンゼンを、第2の溶媒として1,3,5-トリメチルベンゼン(25℃における表面張力は27.5mN/m)を用い、重量%がそれぞれ70重量%と30重量%となるように秤量し、混合した。それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法で組成物6を調製した。結果を下記表1に示す。
(有機膜の印刷試験)
組成物1に代えて組成物7を用いた以外は、試験例1と同様の手法で有機膜を製膜した。印刷後の未乾燥の状態で、有機膜の気泡の有無を観察し、気泡による欠陥の有無を評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。
Claims (14)
- 共役高分子化合物とフラーレン誘導体と第1の溶媒と第2の溶媒とを含み、該第1の溶媒の重量と該第2の溶媒の重量との合計を100とした場合に、該第1の溶媒の重量が70~97であり、該第1の溶媒の25℃における表面張力が25mN/mより大きく、該第2の溶媒の25℃における表面張力が15~25mN/mである組成物。
- 前記第1の溶媒の重量が90~95である請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記第2の溶媒が直鎖状のアルカン、分岐状のアルカン又はシクロアルカンである請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記第2の溶媒が直鎖状のアルコール、分岐状のアルコール又は脂環式アルコールである請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記共役高分子化合物がチオフェン環構造を含む請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の溶媒が置換基を有する芳香族化合物である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、該電極間に光電変換機能を有する有機層とを含み、該有機層が請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物から形成される光電変換素子。
- 前記有機層が塗布法により形成される請求項7に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記塗布法が、凹版、凸版、平版又は孔版を用いる印刷法である請求項8に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記印刷法が、グラビア印刷法である請求項9に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記塗布法が、スリットコート法、キャピラリーコート法、グラビアコート法、マイクログラビアコート法、バーコート法、ナイフコート法又はスピンコート法である請求項8に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記塗布法が、ノズル印刷法又はインクジェット印刷法である請求項8に記載の光電変換素子。
- 少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、該電極間に挟まれた光電変換機能を有する有機層とを含む光電変換素子の製造方法において、塗布法を用いて、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物から有機層を製造する工程を有する、上記方法。
- 請求項7~12のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子を含むイメージセンサー。
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JP2013506283A (ja) * | 2009-09-25 | 2013-02-21 | ロディア オペレーションズ | 形態構造が制御された有機光起電性コーティング |
WO2016076213A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-19 | 住友化学株式会社 | インク組成物およびそれを用いて製造した光電変換素子 |
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JP2011192916A (ja) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-29 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 光電変換素子およびその素子の製造方法 |
JP2011204883A (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-13 | Lintec Corp | フラーレン誘導体、それを含む組成物及び有機光電変換素子 |
KR101244112B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-03-18 | 주식회사 탑 엔지니어링 | 태양전지용 광흡수층 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
US20170040550A1 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2017-02-09 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Material for photoelectric conversion element for use in imaging element, and photoelectric conversion element including same |
JP5889998B1 (ja) | 2014-11-19 | 2016-03-22 | 株式会社東芝 | 有機薄膜太陽電池 |
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WO2016076213A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-19 | 住友化学株式会社 | インク組成物およびそれを用いて製造した光電変換素子 |
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US20110018088A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
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JP2009260324A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
EP2259356A1 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
US8871847B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
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