JP5712769B2 - 有機光電変換素子及び太陽電池 - Google Patents
有機光電変換素子及び太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5712769B2 JP5712769B2 JP2011100628A JP2011100628A JP5712769B2 JP 5712769 B2 JP5712769 B2 JP 5712769B2 JP 2011100628 A JP2011100628 A JP 2011100628A JP 2011100628 A JP2011100628 A JP 2011100628A JP 5712769 B2 JP5712769 B2 JP 5712769B2
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- photoelectric conversion
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- organic photoelectric
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- VELSFHQDWXAPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracontacyclo[25.6.5.516,28.44,32.35,11.321,34.28,10.212,15.222,35.229,31.113,20.124,38.02,6.014,19.017,25.018,23.030,37.033,36.547,54.446,53.448,58.126,51.150,52.03,45.07,42.09,61.039,40.041,43.044,63.049,76.055,78.056,62.057,68.059,64.060,67.065,69.066,71.070,73.072,75.074,77]octaheptaconta-1,3(45),4(48),5(61),6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24(39),25,27(38),28,30,32,34(42),35(40),36,41(43),44(63),46,49(76),50(77),51,53,55(78),56(62),57,59,64,66,68,70(73),71,74-nonatriacontaene Chemical compound c12c3c4c5c6c1c1c7c8c2c2c3c3c9c4c4c5c5c%10c%11c%12c%13c%14c%15c%12c%12c%16c%17c%18c%19c%20c%21c%17c%17c%22c%21c%21c%23c%20c%20c%19c%19c%24c%18c%16c%15c%15c%24c%16c(c7c%15c%14c1c6c5%13)c8c1c2c2c3c3c(c%21c5c%22c(c%11c%12%17)c%10c4c5c93)c%23c2c%20c1c%19%16 VELSFHQDWXAPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
4.前記一般式(3)において、Zがアルキル基で置換されたケイ素であることを特徴とする前記3に記載の有機光電変換素子。
図1は、本発明の有機光電変換素子の構成の例を示す概略断面図である。
(一般式(1)で表される部分構造を有する高分子化合物)
光電変換層は、p型有機半導体材料として下記一般式(1)で表される部分構造と、チオフェン環、フラン環、ピロール環、シクロペンタジエン、シラシクロペンタジエン又はこれら複素5員環を縮合環として含む構造と、が結合した繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物を含有する。
前記一般式(1)で表される部分構造は、βシアノチオフェン構造を有する下記一般式(2A)〜(2D)で表されるいずれかの部分構造であることが好ましい。
p型有機半導体材料は、より好ましくは、前記p型有機半導体材料が、前記一般式(1)、(2A)〜(2D)で表される部分構造と、前記一般式(3)で表される前記複素5員環を縮合環として含む構造との共重合体である。
本発明に係る化合物のうち、一般式(1)で表される部分構造を有する高分子化合物は、Chemistry−A European Journal,2006,p1244、及びSynthesis 2004,p23、J.Org.Chem.,1986,p230等を参考として合成することができる。
以下、本発明の有機光電変換素子用化合物の合成例を記載する。
本発明に係る光電変換層に用いられるn型有機半導体材料としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、フラーレン、オクタアザポルフィリン等、p型有機半導体の水素原子をフッ素原子に置換したパーフルオロ体(パーフルオロペンタセンやパーフルオロフタロシアニン等)、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド等の芳香族カルボン酸無水物やそのイミド化物を骨格として含む高分子化合物等を挙げることができる。
p型有機半導体材料とn型有機半導体材料とを含有する光電変換層の形成方法としては、蒸着法、塗布法(キャスト法、スピンコート法を含む)等を例示することができる。
本発明の有機光電変換素子は、光電変換層とカソードとの中間に電子輸送層を形成することで、光電変換層で発生した電荷をより効率的に取り出すことが可能となるため、これらの層を有していることが好ましい。
本発明の有機光電変換素子は、光電変換層とアノードとの中間には正孔輸送層を、光電変換層で発生した電荷をより効率的に取り出すことが可能となるため、これらの層を有していることが好ましい。
本発明の有機光電変換素子の構成としては、光電変換効率の向上や、素子寿命の向上を目的に、各種中間層を素子内に有する構成としてもよい。
本発明の有機光電変換素子においては、第一の電極と第二の電極を有するが、タンデム構成をとる場合には、中間電極を用いることでタンデム構成を達成することができる。
本発明の第一の電極に用いられる材料としては、例えば、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、AZO、FTO、SnO2、ZnO、酸化チタン等の透明金属酸化物、Ag、Al、Au、Pt等の非常に薄い金属層または金属ナノワイヤ、カーボンナノチューブ等のナノワイヤやナノ粒子を含有する層、PEDOT:PSS、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子材料等を用いることができる。
第二の電極は導電材単独層であってもよいが、導電性を有する材料に加えて、これらを保持する樹脂を併用してもよい。
また、前記図3のようなタンデム構成の場合に必要となる中間電極の材料としては、透明性と導電性を併せ持つ化合物を用いた層であることが好ましく、前記アノードで用いたような材料(ITO、AZO、FTO、SnO2、ZnO、酸化チタン等の透明金属酸化物、Ag、Al、Au、Pt等の非常に薄い金属層または金属ナノワイヤ、カーボンナノチューブ等のナノワイヤやナノ粒子を含有する層、PEDOT:PSS、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子材料等)を用いることができる。
本発明において、基板は透明な基板であるが、透明な、とは前述の電極の記載と同様の意味を有する。
本発明の有機光電変換素子は、太陽光のより効率的な受光を目的として、各種の光学機能層を有していてよい。光学機能層としては、例えば、反射防止膜、マイクロレンズアレイ等の集光層、カソードで反射した光を散乱させて再度発電層に入射させることができるような光拡散層等を設けてもよい。
本発明に係る各々の電極、光電変換層や、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層等をパターニングする方法やプロセスには特に制限はなく、公知の手法を適宜適用することができる。
本発明の太陽電池は、上記の有機光電変換素子を有する。
〔有機光電変換素子の作製〕
(有機光電変換素子1の作製)
特開2009−146981号公報を参考として、逆層型の有機光電変換素子を作製した。
先ず、100ml三口フラスコに2−メトキシエタノール12.5mlと、6.25mmolのチタニウムテトライソプロポキシドとを入れ、氷浴中で10分間冷却した。次に、12.5mmolのアセチルアセトンをゆっくり加えて、氷浴中で10分間撹拌した。次に、混合溶液を80℃で2時間加熱後、1時間還流した。最後に、室温まで冷却し、メトキシエタノールを用いて所定の濃度(150mmol/L)に調整し、TiOx前駆体を得た。なお、上記工程は全て窒素雰囲気で行った。
上記有機光電変換素子1の作製において、p型半導体材料を表1に記載の材料に変更し、さらにp:n比を表1に記載の組成(全固形分濃度は1.8質量%に固定)に代えた以外は同様にして有機光電変換素子2〜13を得た。
(光電変換効率の評価)
上記作製した有機光電変換素子に、ソーラーシミュレーター(AM1.5Gフィルタ)の100mW/cm2の強度の光を照射し、有効面積を9.0mm2にしたマスクを受光部に重ね、短絡電流密度Jsc(mA/cm2)及び開放電圧Voc(V)、曲線因子(フィルファクター)FFを、同素子上に形成した4箇所の受光部をそれぞれ測定し、平均値を求めた。また、Jsc、Voc、FFから式1に従って光電変換効率η(%)を求めた。
評価の結果を表1に示す。
〔有機光電変換素子の作製〕
(有機光電変換素子2′の作製)
実施例1で作製した有機光電変換素子2と同様の素材及び組成を用いて、以下のような順層型の有機光電変換素子を作製した。
上記有機光電変換素子2′の作製において、p型半導体材料として、比較化合物2の代わりに例示化合物23を用い、他は同様にして順層型の有機光電変換素子6′を作製した。
(光電変換効率の評価)
上記作製した有機光電変換素子及び実施例1で作製した有機光電変換素子2、3について、実施例1と同様にして、短絡電流密度Jsc(mA/cm2)、開放電圧Voc(V)、曲線因子(フィルファクター)FFを求め、光電変換効率η(%)を算出した。
温度80℃、湿度80%に保持した容器内に保存し、定期的に取り出して電圧−電流特性を測定し、初期の光電変換効率を100として、初期の光電変換効率の80%にまで低下する時間をLT80として評価した。
11 基板
12 第一の電極
13 第二の電極
14 光電変換層
14′ 第一の光電変換層
15 電荷再結合層
16 第二の光電変換層
17 正孔輸送層
18 電子輸送層
Claims (5)
- 透明な基板上に、透明な第一の電極、p型有機半導体材料とn型有機半導体材料とを含有する光電変換層、及び第二の電極をこの順に有する有機光電変換素子であって、該光電変換層が、該p型有機半導体材料として下記一般式(2C)で表される部分構造と、シアノ基を有しないチオフェン環、フラン環、ピロール環、シクロペンタジエン、シラシクロペンタジエン若しくはこれら複素5員環を縮合環として含む構造と、が結合した繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物、又は下記構造を有する化合物19、20、24、25、26、31、32、37、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49若しくは50を含有することを特徴とする有機光電変換素子。
- 前記高分子化合物の数平均分子量が、15000〜50000であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記一般式(3)において、Zがアルキル基で置換されたケイ素であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記第一の電極がカソードであり、第二の電極がアノードである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子を具備することを特徴とする太陽電池。
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