JP5096336B2 - バイパスダイオードと一体化した光電池を備えるシステム - Google Patents
バイパスダイオードと一体化した光電池を備えるシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5096336B2 JP5096336B2 JP2008529316A JP2008529316A JP5096336B2 JP 5096336 B2 JP5096336 B2 JP 5096336B2 JP 2008529316 A JP2008529316 A JP 2008529316A JP 2008529316 A JP2008529316 A JP 2008529316A JP 5096336 B2 JP5096336 B2 JP 5096336B2
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- layer
- photovoltaic cell
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- hole blocking
- carrier layer
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- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Natural products O=C1CCCC=C1 FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DHCWLIOIJZJFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlororuthenium Chemical compound Cl[Ru]Cl DHCWLIOIJZJFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N eosin Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001505 inorganic iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001810 isothiocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=S 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-O morpholinium Chemical compound [H+].C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011234 nano-particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotungsten Chemical class [W]=O VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000828 poly(metallocenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound I.C1=CC=NC=C1 BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metatitanate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Ti](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[Ti]([O-])=O GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical group O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- HDERSDBULDLBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-dimethyl-thiophen-2-ylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)C1=CC=CS1 HDERSDBULDLBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PFZLGKHSYILJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[2,3-c]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=C2SC=CC2=C1 PFZLGKHSYILJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
ダイオードは、光電池が光に暴露されるとき、ダイオードが光に暴露されないように構成することができる。
第一正孔キャリア層は、電極を介して第二正孔阻止層と電気的に結合することができる。
光活性層は第一半導体材料を含むことができ、ダイオードは第二半導体材料を含むことができる。幾つかの実施形態において、第一半導体材料は、第二半導体材料と同一である。
電子供与体材料は、ディスコチック液晶、ポリチオフェン、ポリフェニレン、ポリフェニルビニレン、ポリシラン、ポリチエニルビニレン、及びポリイソチアナフタレンからなる群より選択される材料を含むことができる。実施形態によっては、電子供与体材料はポリ(3−ヘキシルチオフェン)である。
第二半導体は、フッ素ドープ酸化スズ又はインジウムスズ酸化物を含むことができる。
第二層は、逆バイアスに対してシステムを保護するように構成することができる。
第一半導体材料は、光増感相互連結ナノ粒子材料を含むことができる。実施形態によっては、光増感相互連結ナノ粒子材料は、セレン化物、硫化物、テルル化物、酸化チタン、酸化タングステン、酸化亜鉛、酸化ジルコニウム、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される材料を含むことができる。
第一電極は、チタン、ステンレス鋼、又はタンタルを含むことができる。
光電池は、有機光電池又は色素増感光電池である。
複数の光電池を備えるモジュールにおいて、光電池と一体化したバイパスダイオードは、光電池が影で覆われるとき、電流に対しダイオードを通過させることができる。それによって、影になった電池の全域に亘り生じる大きな電圧低下、並びに影になった電池への損傷などが防止される。たとえ光電池のうちの一つが影で覆われたとしても、モジュールは機能し続けることができる。
バイパスダイオードはロールツーロールプロセスにより製造できるため、製造コストを有意に低減する。
各図中の類似の部材番号は類似の構成要素を示す。
図1は、複数の光電池(図示せず)を含むシステム10における光電池200の略図である。光電池200は、ダイオード100と一体化されている。ダイオード100は、基板110、電極120、正孔キャリア層132、光活性層130、正孔阻止層134、電極140、基板150、上カバー160、及び下カバー170を含む。光電池200は、基板210、電極220、正孔阻止層232、光活性層230、正孔キャリア層234、電極240、及び基板250を含む。
触媒層330は、全般的に、光活性層340において酸化還元反応を触媒することのできる材料から形成されている。触媒層330が形成される材料の例として、白金と、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン及びそれらの誘導体などのポリマーとが挙げられる。ポリチオフェン誘導体の例として、ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)、ポリ(3−ブチルチオフェン)、ポリ[3−(4−オクチルフェニル)チオフェン]、ポリ(チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン)、及びポリ(チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン−コ−3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)などが挙げられる。一又は複数のポリマーを含有する触媒層は、例えば、同時係属中で、かつ同一権利者による米国実用出願第10/897,268号と第11/302,634号とに開示されており、これらは本明細書に参照として組み込まれている。
(実施例)
図2に基づく光電池は以下のように作製した。Ti箔はハミルトン精密金属社(ペンシルバニア州、ランカスター所在)から購入し、ホットプレート上に載置した。水(100g)中にTiCl4(7.8g)とNH4Cl(0.25g)とを含有する溶液をTi箔上に吹き付けた。水を蒸発させた後、フッ素化された酸化スズ(FTO)の被覆をTi箔上に形成した。次に、TiO2ナノ粒子のペーストをFTO被覆上に塗布し、約480℃で焼結し、TiO2ナノ粒子層を形成した。次に、色素をTiO2ナノ粒子層上に吸収させた。次に、内張り材料をデバイスの端部に付着した。白金化対電極(ポリエチレンナフタレート上のITO層を含む)をTiO2ナノ粒子層上に積層した。最終的に、I2/I3 −の混合物を含有する電解質をTiO2ナノ粒子層内に注入して、光電池を形成した。FTO層を備えない光電池を対照として用いた。
Claims (14)
- 第一正孔キャリア層と、第一正孔阻止層と、前記第一正孔キャリア層と前記第一正孔阻止層との間に光活性層とを含む光電池、及び
第二正孔キャリア層と第二正孔阻止層とを含むダイオードを備え、
前記第一正孔キャリア層は前記第二正孔阻止層と電気的に結合され、
前記第二正孔キャリア層は前記第一正孔阻止層と電気的に結合され、
前記光活性層は、前記第二正孔キャリア層と前記第二正孔阻止層との間に設けられているシステム。 - 請求項1記載のシステムにおいて、
前記ダイオードは、前記光電池が光に暴露されるとき、前記ダイオードが光に暴露されないように構成されているシステム。 - 請求項1記載のシステムにおいて、
前記第一正孔キャリア層は、電極を介して前記第二正孔阻止層と電気的に結合されているシステム。 - 請求項1記載のシステムにおいて、
前記第二正孔キャリア層は、電極を介して前記第一正孔阻止層と電気的に結合されているシステム。 - 請求項1記載のシステムにおいて、
前記光活性層は第一半導体材料を含み、前記ダイオードは第二半導体材料を含むシステム。 - 請求項5記載のシステムにおいて、
前記第一半導体材料は、前記第二半導体材料と同一であるシステム。 - 請求項5記載のシステムにおいて、
前記第一又は第二の半導体材料は、電子供与体材料と電子受容体材料とを含むシステム。 - 請求項7記載のシステムにおいて、
前記電子供与体材料は、ディスコチック液晶、ポリチオフェン、ポリフェニレン、ポリフェニルビニレン、ポリシラン、ポリチエニルビニレン、及びポリイソチアナフタレンからなる群より選択される材料を含むシステム。 - 請求項8記載のシステムにおいて、
前記電子供与体材料は、ポリ(3−ヘキシルチオフェン)を含むシステム。 - 請求項7記載のシステムにおいて、
前記電子受容体材料は、フラーレン、無機ナノ粒子、オキサジアゾール、ディスコチック液晶、炭素ナノロッド、無機ナノロッド、CN基を含有するポリマー、CF3基を含有するポリマー、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される材料を含むシステム。 - 請求項10記載のシステムにおいて、
前記電子受容体材料は置換フラーレンを含むシステム。 - 請求項1記載のシステムにおいて、
前記第一又は第二の正孔キャリア層は、ポリチオフェン、ポリアニリン、ポリビニルカルバゾール、ポリフェニレン、ポリフェニルビニレン、ポリシラン、ポリチエニレンビニレン、ポリイソチアナフタレン、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される材料を含むシステム。 - 請求項1記載のシステムにおいて、
前記第一又は第二の正孔阻止層は、LiF、金属酸化物、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される材料を含むシステム。 - 請求項1記載のシステムにおいて、
前記光電池は有機光電池であるシステム。
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