JP2006152251A - ドーパントとしてフッ化イオン交換ポリマーを有するポリチエノチオフェンの水性ディスパージョン - Google Patents
ドーパントとしてフッ化イオン交換ポリマーを有するポリチエノチオフェンの水性ディスパージョン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006152251A JP2006152251A JP2005298675A JP2005298675A JP2006152251A JP 2006152251 A JP2006152251 A JP 2006152251A JP 2005298675 A JP2005298675 A JP 2005298675A JP 2005298675 A JP2005298675 A JP 2005298675A JP 2006152251 A JP2006152251 A JP 2006152251A
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- Prior art keywords
- dispersion
- layer
- polythienothiophene
- colloid
- aqueous dispersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- PFZLGKHSYILJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[2,3-c]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=C2SC=CC2=C1 PFZLGKHSYILJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C=CS2 VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000816 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000333 cerium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 51
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 51
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 183
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 32
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- -1 poly (paraphenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical group FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-phenylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M brilliant green Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical group FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
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- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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Abstract
【解決手段】ポリチエノチオフェンおよびコロイド形成性ポリマー酸の水性ディスパージョンを含む組成物から得られる膜は、例えば有機発光ダイオード(OLED)ディスプレイ等のエレクトロルミネッセンスデバイスを含む有機エレクトロニクスデバイスにおける正孔注入層として、有機光電デバイス等の有機オプトエレクトロニクスデバイスにおける正孔引抜き層として、金属ナノワイヤーまたはカーボンナノチューブと組み合わせて薄膜電界効果トランジスタにおけるドレイン、ソースまたはゲート電極等の用途に有用である。
【選択図】なし
Description
本願は、2005年3月24日に出願された仮出願番号60/665,026号および2004年10月13日に出願された仮出願第60/618,471号の利益を主張する。これらの出願の開示を参照することにより本明細書に取り込む。
アノード/正孔注入層/EL層/カソード
正極/正孔引抜き層(hole extraction layer)/光収穫層(複数可)/負極
(c)酸化剤および/または触媒の水溶液を、コロイド形成性ポリマー酸の水性ディスパージョンと混合する工程;および
ディスパージョンA
実施例2
19.8mgのMEH−PPV(ポリ(2−メトキシ、5−(2’−エチル−ヘキシルオキシ)−p−フェニレン−ビニレン)、ADS130RE、カナダ国、ケベック州、Baie D’UrfeのAmerican Dye Source製)を60℃のホットプレート上で2時間2.84gのトルエンに溶解させて、発光ポリマーMEH−PPVのトルエン溶液を調製し、次いで、0.45μmPVDFフィルターで濾過した。前記溶液を以下で溶液Aと称する。この実施例により得られたデバイスを図2に示すが、任意の層140はない。
ディスパージョンCを正孔注入/輸送層として用い、実施例2と同様にOLEDデバイスを作成した。スピンコートの前に、ディスパージョンCを0.45ミクロンの細孔径のPVDFフィルターで濾過した。厚さが約78nmのPTT:ナフィオンの均一な膜が、1500rpmの回転速度で得られた。このデバイスの構造を図2に示すが、任意の層140はない。デバイスは、約2.1Vで1cd/cm2に達し、最大外部量子効率は1.26%であった。100mA/cm2の電流密度で、前記デバイスは3,040cd/cm2の輝度を示した。1000mA/cm2の電流密度で、輝度は26,400cd/cm2であった。この実施例により得られたデバイスを運転した性能結果を図4に示す。
66.2mgのポリ(N−ビニルカルバゾール)(アメリカ合衆国、ウィスコンシン州、ミルウォーキーのアルドリッチ ケミカル社(Aldrich Chemical Company,Inc)製)、38.7mgの2−(4−ビフェニリル)−5−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール(アルドリッチ ケミカル社.)、24.8mgのN,N’−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−N,N’−ジフェニルベンジジン(アルドリッチ ケミカル社.)および8.5mgのトリプレットエミッター(triplet emitter)トリス(2−(4−トリル)フェニルピリジン)イリジウム(III)(American Dye Source, Inc.製)を5.38gのクロロベンゼンに溶解させ、溶液を調製した。溶液を、60℃のホットプレート上で2時間加熱し、次いで0.2ミクロンフィルターで濾過し、以下で溶液Bと称する。溶液Cは溶液B1.0mL中に0.5mLのクロロベンゼンを加えて調製し、デバイス製造に用いた。
ディスパージョンCを正孔注入/輸送層として用いて、実施例4と同様にOLEDデバイスを調製した。このデバイスの構造を図2に示すが、任意の層140はない。デバイスは、約5.9Vで1cd/cm2に達し、最大外部量子効率は2.02%であった。100mA/cm2の電流密度で、前記デバイスは6,630cd/cm2の輝度を示した。1000mA/cm2の電流密度で、輝度は48,900cd/cm2であった。
表面抵抗10−15オーム/スクエアの3つのパターニングされたITO支持体を実施例2と同様に洗浄した。次いで、ITO支持体に、1500rpmの回転速度で、それぞれ、ディスパージョンC、ディスパージョンDおよび参照することにより本明細書に取り込む米国特許出願公開番号2005−0151122−A1に開示されている手順にしたがい製造したPTT:PSSAディスパージョンをスピンコートした。次いで、ITO支持体を180から200℃で15分間アニーリングした。アニーリングの後、約80nmの厚さのLUMATION Green 1304(住友化学(株)製)の層をトルエン溶液からスピンコートした。次いで、試料を、窒素ガス保護下で、ホットプレート上で、130℃で20分間ベーキングした。次いで、試料を、アルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス中に置かれている真空エバポレーターのチャンバー中に移した。5nmの厚さのBa層を、約1.5Å/sの速度でマスクを通して1×10-7トール未満で真空堆積させ、120nmの厚さのAg層を、堆積速度約3.0−4.0Å/sでBa層の上に真空堆積した。次いで、デバイスを、アルゴングローブボックス中でガラスカバー蓋およびUV硬化エポキシで密封した。デバイスをグローブボックスから取りだし、実施例2と同様にIV曲線および輝度に関して測定した。デバイスの効率を図5に示した。キャラクタリゼーションの後、デバイスをCDT Eclipse PLED Lifetime Tester上に置き、初期輝度2000cd/cm2でDC寿命試験を行った。図6は寿命試験結果を示す。ディスパージョンCおよびDを利用したデバイスは、PTT:PSSAを正孔注入層として利用したデバイスに比べ著しく長い寿命を示した。デバイスの半減期は、デバイスの輝度が初期値2000cd/cm2の50%、すなわち1000cd/cm2に達するのにかかる時間として定義される。デバイスの半減期は、PTT:PSSAデバイスでは289時間であるが、PTT:ナフィオン(登録商標)ディスパージョンCおよびディスパージョンDのPTT:ナフィオン(登録商標)系デバイスでは1870時間および1650時間であった。図7に示すとおり、ディスパージョンCおよびDを利用したデバイスの動作電圧は、PTT:PSSAを正孔注入層として利用したデバイスに比べはるかに安定していた。PTT:PSSAデバイスの電圧上昇率は、289時間で0.6Vであった。PTT:ナフィオン(登録商標)ディスパージョンCおよびDに基づくデバイスでは電圧上昇率は1870時間で0.6Vおよび1650時間で0.5Vであった。
表面抵抗10−15オーム/スクエアの3つのパターニングされたITO支持体を実施例2と同様に洗浄した。次いで、ITO支持体に、1500rpmの回転速度で、それぞれ、ディスパージョンB、ディスパージョンCおよび参照することにより本明細書に取り込む米国特許出願公開番号2005−0151122−A1に開示されている手順にしたがい製造したPTT:PSSAディスパージョンをスピンコートした。次いで、ITO支持体を180から200℃で15分間アニーリングした。アニーリングの後、約80nmの厚さのLUMATION Blue LEP発光ポリマー(住友化学(株)製)の層をトルエン溶液からスピンコートした。次いで、試料を、窒素ガス保護下で、ホットプレート上で、130℃で20分間ベーキングした。次いで、試料を、アルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス中に置かれている真空エバポレーターのチャンバー中に移した。5nmの厚さのBa層を、約1.5Å/sの速度でマスクを通して1×10-7トール未満で真空堆積させ、120nmの厚さのAg層を、堆積速度約3.0−4.0Å/sでBa層の上に真空堆積した。次いで、デバイスを、アルゴングローブボックス中でガラスカバー蓋およびUV硬化エポキシで密封した。デバイスをグローブボックスから取りだし、実施例2と同様にIV曲線および輝度に関して測定した。キャラクタリゼーションの後、デバイスをCDT Eclipse PLED Lifetime Tester上に置き、初期輝度1000cd/cm2でDC寿命試験を行った。図8は寿命試験結果を示す。ディスパージョンCおよびBを利用したデバイスは、PTT:PSSAを正孔注入層として利用したデバイスに比べ著しく長い寿命を示した。デバイスの半減期は、PTT:PSSAデバイスでは42時間であるが、PTT:ナフィオン(登録商標)ディスパージョンBおよびディスパージョンC系デバイスでは122時間および175時間であった。図9に示すとおり、PTT:ナフィオン(登録商標)ディスパージョンCおよびDを利用したデバイスの動作電圧は、PTT:PSSAを正孔注入層として利用したデバイスに比べはるかに安定していた。PTT:PSSAデバイスの電圧上昇率は、42時間で2.3Vであった。PTT:ナフィオン(登録商標)ディスパージョンBおよびディスパージョンCに基づくデバイスでは電圧上昇率は122時間で0.9Vおよび175時間で0.8Vであった。
実験1のディスパージョンEに記載の手順にしたがい、ディスパージョンを作成した。3mLのディスパージョンを1インチ×3インチのガラス支持体にドロップキャストした。ディスパージョンを乾燥した後、支持体を、3つの1インチ×1インチ試料に切断し、それらを以下で試料10A、試料10Bおよび試料10Cと称する。次いで、試料10Bおよび10Cを、ホットプレートを用いて空気中で、それぞれ160および180℃で15分間アニーリングした。3試料全てについて、アメリカ合衆国、マサチューセッツ州、ビルリカのBruker Daltonics製のBiflex IIIデバイスで、マトリックス支援レーザー脱離イオン化飛行時間(MALDI−TOF)質量分析法により分子量を分析した。7,7’,8,8’−テトラシアノキノジメタン(TCQN、Aldrich製)をマトリックスとして使用した。試料調製には、試料10A、10Bまたは10Cの薄膜の薄片のいくつかを約3mgのTCNQとMALDIプレート上で混合した。MALDI−TOF質量分析の結果は、高温でのアニーリングの後、より多数の繰り返し単位を持つポリチエノチオフェンがより多くあることを示した。図11は、試料10Aおよび10CのMALDI−TOFマススペクトルを示す。この結果は、導電性ポリマー膜が高温でアニーリングされると、更なる重合が固体状態で起こり、導電性ポリマーの鎖長が増すことを示している。
Claims (20)
- ポリチエノチオフェンおよび少なくとも1種のコロイド形成性ポリマー酸を含む水性ディスパージョン(dispersion)。
- 前記ポリチエノチオフェンがポリ(チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン)を含む請求項1に記載のディスパージョン。
- 前記コロイド形成性ポリマー酸が、少なくとも1種のフッ化スルホン酸ポリマーを含む請求項1に記載のディスパージョン。
- 以下の工程を含む、ポリチエノチオフェンを含むディスパージョンを製造する方法:
(a)少なくとも1種の酸化剤および/または少なくとも1種の触媒を含む水性ディスパージョンを提供する工程;
(b)少なくとも1種のコロイド形成性ポリマー酸を含む水性ディスパージョンを提供する工程;
(c)工程(a)の水性ディスパージョンを、工程(b)の水性ディスパージョンと混合する工程;および
(d)工程(c)の混合した水性ディスパージョンにチエノチオフェンモノマーを加える工程;および
(e)ポリチエノチオフェンを形成する工程。 - 前記の少なくとも1種の酸化剤が、硫酸鉄(III)、塩化鉄(III)、過硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸カリウムおよび過硫酸アンモニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1メンバーを含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記の少なくとも1種の触媒が、硫酸鉄(III)、塩化鉄(III)および硫酸セリウム(III)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1メンバーを含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリチエノチオフェンがポリ(チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン)を含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリチエノチオフェンディスパージョンを少なくとも2種のイオン交換樹脂と接触させる工程を更に含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 以下の工程を含む、導電性膜を支持体上に形成する方法:
ポリチエノチオフェンを含むディスパージョンを形成するために、少なくとも1種のフッ化材料の存在下でチエノチオフェンモノマーを重合する工程、
前記ディスパージョンを支持体上に塗布して膜を形成する工程、
前記支持体および膜を加熱する工程;および
膜を塗布された支持体を回収する工程。 - 前記加熱が、膜の導電率を上昇させるに充分な温度および時間である請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱が、MALDIを利用して測定されるポリマー繰り返し単位の数を増加させるに充分である請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリチエノチオフェンがポリ(チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン)を含む請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記の少なくとも1種のフッ化材料が少なくとも1種のフッ化スルホン酸ポリマーを含む請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱が約130℃を超える温度で実施される請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記膜が、鉄、カリウムおよびナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1金属を更に含む請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記金属が鉄を含む請求項16に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2つの電極、ポリ(チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン)を含む層および少なくとも1種の半導性材料を含む層を含むデバイス。
- 前記デバイスが光電デバイスを含み、前記半導性材料が光活性である請求項18に記載のデバイス。
- 前記電極の1つがカソードを含み、片方がアノードを含み、前記半導性材料がエレクトロルミネッセンス層を含む請求項18に記載のデバイス。
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US8383009B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2013-02-26 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Stabilized compositions of conductive polymers and partially fluorinated acid polymers |
JP2010509405A (ja) * | 2006-06-30 | 2010-03-25 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 導電性ポリマーと部分フッ素化酸ポリマーとの安定化組成物 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI300785B (en) | 2008-09-11 |
KR20060052222A (ko) | 2006-05-19 |
US7569158B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 |
JP2010222588A (ja) | 2010-10-07 |
US20060076557A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
EP1647566A2 (en) | 2006-04-19 |
CN102432843A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
CN102174246A (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
ATE430172T1 (de) | 2009-05-15 |
JP2013177591A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
EP1647566B1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
KR100839138B1 (ko) | 2008-06-19 |
JP5505901B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
JP5270065B2 (ja) | 2013-08-21 |
TW200624462A (en) | 2006-07-16 |
CN102174246B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
CN102432843B (zh) | 2015-08-12 |
SG137861A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 |
DE602005014182D1 (de) | 2009-06-10 |
SG121978A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
EP1647566A3 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
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