JP5730759B2 - 三次元加工電極のアレイ構造を有する有機太陽電池および発光ダイオード - Google Patents
三次元加工電極のアレイ構造を有する有機太陽電池および発光ダイオード Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
ここに、特定の実施形態における、導体または半導体材料から構成される三次元電極を公開する。これらの導体または半導体材料は、以下から選択される:炭素、炭素同素体、有機ポリマーのいずれか。また、電極の形状は垂直軸に沿って変化する。一部の実施形態では、電極は全ポリマー電極である。
[0052] 一部の実施形態では、電極は三次元電極である。一部の実施形態では、三次元電極の形状は円柱、角錐、ダイヤモンド形状、球体、半球、底面が長方形の角柱のいずれかである。一部の実施形態では、三次元電極の形状は角錐である。一部の実施形態では、三次元電極の形状は円柱である。一部の実施形態では、三次元電極を使用することで電極/ポリマーの接触表面積が増し、これによって相互作用も向上する。一部の実施形態では、三次元電極の間に細い隙間を設置することで、抵抗を上げることなく光活性層を厚くして、装置を完全に稼動させることができる。一部の実施形態では、電極/ポリマーの接触表面積を上げることで、効率も向上させることができる。
製造
素材
ここに、特定の実施形態における、三次元電極の製造方法を公開する。これには、望ましい三次元形状になるよう導体または半導体材料をパターン形成させる工程、ならびにパターン形成した導体または半導体材料を加熱する工程が含まれる。一部の実施形態では、電極はポリマー前駆物質から製造される。一部の実施形態では、電極は(凝縮または部分的に凝縮された)粉末前駆物質から製造される。一部の実施形態では、電極は炭素または炭素同素体から製造される。
既製の太陽電池は通常、2本の金属電極の間に挟まれた薄い光活性層(例えば、約100ナノメートル)から構成される。特定の形態では、陽極は透過性の誘電性金属酸化物(インジウムスズ酸化物など)である。特定の形態では、陰極はアルミニウムである。
電極は、ウエハー、金属または非金属の基板、シート、あるいはフィルム上でパターン形成される。
透過性の材料
一部の実施形態では、本電池は太陽電池モジュールを製造するために使用される。ここで使用する「太陽電池モジュール」という用語は、太陽電池の相互接続アセンブリーを指す。
ここに、特定の実施形態における、ダイオードの形状は垂直軸に沿って変化する、透過性の導体、半導体または半導体材料から構成される三次元ダイオードを公開する。一部の実施形態では、ダイオードは全ポリマーダイオードである。
形状
製造
[00133] 一部の実施形態では、ダイオードは多孔性である。一部の実施形態では、多孔性により表面積が増している。
素材
製造方法
LED電池
ダイオード
ダイオードは、ウエハー、金属または非金属の基板、シート、あるいはフィルム上でパターン形成される。
一部の実施形態では、電界発光電池は透過性の材料に取り囲まれ、この透過性の材料が電池の酸化を防いでいる。一部の実施形態では、電界発光電池はガラス、プラスチック、セラミック、またはこれらの組み合わせによる透過性の材料に取り囲まれている。一部の実施形態では、電界発光電池はガラスの透過性の材料に取り囲まれ、このガラスが電池の酸化を防いでいる。一部の実施形態では、電界発光電池はプラスチックの透過性の材料に取り囲まれ、このプラスチックが電池の酸化を防いでいる。
用途
例 1 - 有機太陽電池
三次元電極マイクロアレイのマイクロ加工には、C-MEMS(有機MEMS)工程が用いられた。従来のフォトリソグラフィーに続き、熱分解を用いることで、シリコン基板の200 μm上に三次元フォトレジスト由来炭素電極を設置することができた。電極は直径150 μm、間隔は350 μmであり、幅が75 μmで1 mm x 1 mmのサイズのバンプパッドをトレースできる。熱分解による収縮を補うため、電極の柱状体のフォトレジスト層をまずは厚さ220 μmでスピンコートし、最終的な高さは200 μmとなった。チップ全体のサイズはl cm x l cmである。
PCBMはNano-C(マサチューセッツ州ウエストウッド)から購入し、これをさらに精製せずに使用した。P3HTはRieks Metal Inc.,(ネブラスカ州リンカーン)から購入した。PEDOT:PSS(ポリ-3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)はSigma-Aldrich(ミズーリ州セントルイス)から持ち込まれた。溶媒となるジクロロベンゼンはSigma-Aldrich(ミズーリ州セントルイス)から持ち込まれた。
P3HTとPCBMを1 : 1の重量比で混ぜてから、これをクロロベンゼンで溶解することで、P3HT/PCBMの混合物を調製した。0.0133グラムのP3HTおよびPCBMをそれぞれ1 mLのジクロロベンゼン溶液で溶解し、27時間培養した。この混合物を、培養器内で3時間振動させた。混合物に上記の物質を0.0133グラムずつ追加し、さらに48時間振動させた。素材の抽出
試験および測定
太陽電池混合物およびPEDOT:PSSの層を塗布した後、光学顕微鏡を用いてそれぞれのチップの表面形態を調査した。図12は、光活性混合物を5層加えた後の、あるチップセット(10 x 10アレイ)の光学顕微鏡図である。
サンプルをAM 1.5フィルターで1000 W/m2の光度に当て、発生した電流をマルチメーターで測定した。
いずれの実験においても、粒度が200〜500 nmのニッケル粉(INCO 210H)を使用した。3種類の実験/サンプル構成について調査を行った。これらは表2に示されている。
Claims (6)
- 光起電力電池であって、
a)基板上の微小電極のアレイであって、前記微小電極は導体材料または半導体材料を含み、前記微小電極はそれぞれが均等に間隔をあけて配列されている隆起した形状を有しており、
前記微小電極は陽極と陰極の両方から成り、前記導体材料または半導体材料は炭素または炭素同素体から選択され、
それぞれが均等に間隔をあけて配列されている前記隆起した微小電極の直径は、少なくとも150μmであり、高さは前記直径よりも大きい値であり、
前記隆起した微小電極の均等な間隔は、0.5μm以上350μm以下であり、
前記陽極がPEDOT:PSSでコーティングされていることを特徴とする基板上の微小電極のアレイと、
b)前記微小電極を覆う少なくとも1つの光活性材料であって、P3HT(ポリ(3-ヘキシルチオフェン))及びPCBM(フェニル-C61-酪酸メチルエステル)の組み合わせを含む光活性材料と、
c)一連の陽極および陰極を個別に接続するための1つ以上のワイヤートレースであって、2つ以上の微小電極に接続されており、前記基板上又は基板内に積層されている1つ以上のワイヤートレースと、
を含むことを特徴とする光起電力電池。 - さらに、
太陽電池を形成するために、前記光起電力電池が透過性の上部層と透過性の下部層とで挟まれている、請求項1の光起電力電池。 - 前記太陽電池はさらに、複数の太陽電池のアレイで構成される、請求項2の光起電力電池。
- 少なくとも一部の微小電極は、円柱状、角錐状、球状、半球状、角柱状の形状である、請求項1の光起電力電池。
- 光起電力電池であって、微小電極のアレイは、5×5の配列、10×10の配列、30×30の配列、50×50の配列、75×75の配列、100×100の配列、200×200の配列、250×250の配列、500×500の配列、750×750の配列からなるグループから選択される配列で、単一チップ上に構成される、請求項1の光起電力電池。
- 光起電力電池であって、微小電極のアレイは、350μm、150μm、75μm、50μm、20μm、10μm、1μm、0.5μm、からなるグループから選択される間隔を有する柱状体の配列として、単一チップ上に構成される、請求項1の光起電力電池。
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