CN1427672A - 抗微生物抗病毒的聚合物材料 - Google Patents
抗微生物抗病毒的聚合物材料 Download PDFInfo
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- A61F6/00—Contraceptive devices; Pessaries; Applicators therefor
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Abstract
本发明提供一种抗微生物抗病毒的聚合物材料,它其中包覆有并从其表面突出出来的铜离子的微粒。
Description
本发明涉及一种抗微生物抗病毒的聚合物材料及其制备方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种用于农产品包装材料的抗微生物聚合物材料,以及用于制成避孕套护套、外科手术造管(tubing)和外科用手套的抗病毒的聚合物材料。
所有食品出口商所面临的问题是农产品收获后在运输过程中受微生物的侵蚀。当运输期限是以天、周、或月而不是以小时计算时,情形尤其是这样的。众所周知,微生物会引起农产品严重破坏,造成转移给消费者的额外费用。其实例之一是在以色列收获的草莓。每年,大约有50%的收成在运输过程中由于微生物的侵蚀而损失。迄今为止,还没有开发出能够有效降低废品率的有效体系。
目前,已经有多种用于食品运输的包装材料,从粗麻布袋子到高级的聚合物包装材料,它们具有例如强度、柔软性、透气性和价格便宜的性能。然而,迄今为止,还没有一种包装材料能够控制在包装的农产品上滋生的微生物的生长。
现在,根据本发明,发现通过在将要制成包装材料的聚合物浆料中加入少量粉末形式的Cu++,则该包装材料就被赋予了抗微生物性。
还令人惊奇地发现,通过在将要制成避孕套的聚合物浆料中加入粉末形式的Cu++,就制成了抑制并减少体液中活性HIV-1的避孕套。
同样,具有抗微生物抗病毒性能的外科用手套和外科手术造管也能够根据本发明制成。
WO98/06508和WO98/06509中,教导了多种具有全部或部分金属或金属氧化物镀层且直接牢固地粘合到纤维上的织物,其中包括铜的金属和金属氧化物粘合到所述纤维上。
更具体地说,WO98/06509提供了一种包括下述步骤的方法:(a)提供一种金属化织物,(b)将金属化织物结合在制品中,其中所述金属化织物包括:(i)一种织物,其中含有选自天然纤维、合成纤维素纤维、再生纤维、丙烯酸纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚氨酯纤维、乙烯基纤维及其混合物的纤维,和(ii)一种镀层,包括选自金属和金属氧化物的材料,金属化织物的特征在于镀层直接粘结到纤维上。
在所述发明的说明书中,术语“织物”包括纤维、不管是天然纤维(例如棉、丝、毛和亚麻)还是合成纤维由这些纤维纺成的纱线以及由这些纱线制成的机织、针织和无纺织物。所述发明的范围包括用于纺织应用的所有的天然纤维、以及所有合成纤维,包括但不限于合成纤维素纤维(即再生纤维素纤维例如人造丝、和纤维素衍生物纤维例如乙酸酯纤维),再生蛋白质纤维,丙烯酸纤维,聚烯烃纤维,聚氨酯纤维和乙烯基纤维,及其它们的共混物,但不包括尼龙和聚酯纤维。
所述发明包括采用用于塑料电解镀层技术的产品的应用,特别是由塑料和金属制成的印刷电路板。例如,参见Encyclopedia ofPolymer Science and Engineering(Jacqueline l.Kroschwitz,editor),Wiley and Sons,1987,vol IX第580-598页。关于涂覆织物,该方法包括两个步骤。第一步是通过在织物上沉淀催化性贵金属成核位来活化织物。这一步是这样完成的:首先是通过将织物浸泡在低氧化态还氧剂阳离子溶液中,而后将织物浸泡在贵金属阳离子的溶液,优选Pd++阳离子溶液的溶液,最优选酸性PdCl2溶液。低氧化态的阳离子将贵金属阳离子还原为贵金属本身,同时本身被氧化为更高的氧化态。优选的是,还原剂阳离子是既在初始低氧化态又在最终的高氧化态下可溶的一种还原性阳离子,例如Sn++被氧化为Sn++++,或者Ti+++被氧化为Ti++++。
第二步是以与活化织物靠得很近的方式还原金属阳离子,其还原是通过贵金属催化的。用于还原阳离子的还原剂通常是分子形式,例如对于Cu++来说是甲醛。由于还原剂被氧化,因此本文中金属阳离子被称作“氧化剂阳离子”。这样制成的金属化织物的特征在于,它们的金属镀层直接粘结到织物纤维上。
WO98/06508描述并要求保护一种复合物,包括:
(a)一种织物,含有选自天然纤维、合成纤维素纤维、再生蛋白质纤维、丙烯酸纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚氨酯纤维、乙烯基纤维及其共混物的纤维;和
(b)一种镀层,含有选自金属和金属氧化物的材料;
该复合物的特征在于所述镀层直接粘结到所述纤维上。
所述文献还要求保护一种复合物,包括:
(a)一种织物,含有选自天然纤维、合成纤维素纤维、再生蛋白质纤维、丙烯酸纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚氨酯纤维、乙烯基纤维及其共混物的纤维;和
(b)多个成核位,每个所述合成位包括至少一种贵金属;
该复合物的特征在于催化至少一种金属阳离子还原为还原的金属,由此用所述还原的金属给所述纤维镀层。
另外,所述文献公开并要求保护制备所述产品的方法。
根据所述文献,一种制备金属化织物的优选方法包括下述步骤:
a)选择一种选自纱线和织物形式的织物,所述织物包括选自天然纤维、合成纤维素纤维、再生蛋白质纤维、丙烯酸纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚氨酯纤维、乙烯基纤维及其共混物的纤维;
b)将所述织物浸泡在一种溶液中,该溶液中含有至少一种具有至少两个正的氧化态的还原剂阳离子,所述至少一种阳离子处于所述至少两个正氧化态中的低氧化态;
c)将所述织物浸泡在含有至少一种贵金属阳离子的溶液中,这样就制成了活性织物;和
d)与所述活性织物接触来还原至少一种氧化性阳离子,这样就制成了金属化织物。
然而,所述文献仅限于根据所述方法制成的涂覆纤维和织物,没有公开或提议本文中所述并例示的将铜离子结合在聚合物浆料中的可能性,从而制成膜和纤维,其中铜离子微粒包覆在其中并从其上面突出出来,并具有抗微生物抗病毒的聚合物性能。
牢记本领域的这种说明,现在,根据本发明提供了一种抗微生物抗病毒的聚合物材料,该材料中具有包覆在其中并从其表面突出出来的铜离子微粒。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种制备抗微生物抗病毒的聚合材料的方法,包括制备聚合物浆料,将铜离子粉末引入和分散在所述浆料中,然后将所述浆料挤出形成聚合物材料,其中所述铜离子颗粒包覆在其中并从其表面突出出来。
本发明的聚合物材料可以是膜、纤维或纱线的形式,其中所述膜以其自身的形式使用,所述纤维和纱线能够制成农产品的包装材料。
所述材料能够由几乎所有的合成聚合物制成,该聚合物中将能够将铜离子粉末引入到聚合物的浆料中。一些材料的实例是聚酰胺(尼龙)、聚酯、丙烯酸、聚丙烯、硅橡胶和胶乳。当铜粉末磨碎成细粉末时,例如大小为1-10微米的粉末并以少量例如聚合物重量的0.25-10%引入到浆料中时,发现,随后由这种浆料制成的产品既具有抗微生物性也具有抗病毒性。
不同于例如WO98/06508和WO98/06509所述的纤维,其中纤维的外面被涂层,本发明产品中,聚合物具有包覆在其中并从其表面突出出来的铜离子微粒。这些从聚合物材料表面突出出来的颗粒,根据后文中描述的测试所示,具有活性。
通常,本发明的产品是按照下述方法制备的:
1浆料是由任何聚合物制成的,其主要原料优先选自聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚氨酯和聚酯。如果多于一种所述材料是相容的或者调整到相容,那么它们的结合也可以使用。该聚合物原料通常是珠粒形式,性质上可以是单组分、双组分、或多组分。这些珠粒优选在大约120℃-180℃的温度下加热熔融。
2在挤出前的热混合阶段,铜离子粉末被加入到浆料中,并能够在加热的浆料中分散。颗粒大小优选为1-10微米,然而,当膜或纤维厚度能够容纳更大的颗粒时,颗粒可以更大。
3然后,将液体浆料加压通过形成圆形、称作喷丝板的一系列金属板上的孔。当浆料通过靠近在一起的小孔时,形成单纤维,或者如果彼此接触,形成膜或护套。热的液体纤维或膜同冷空气一起向上推出形成一组连续纤维或环形片材。纤维或片材的厚度通过孔的大小和浆料通过孔并通过冷空气流向上推出的速度控制。
4在所示的高达10wt%铜离子的混合物表明,在成品的聚酰胺浆料中,物理性能没有降低。当测试时,低到1%的混合物仍然表现出抗微生物性,以及令人惊奇的表现出抑制HIV-1活性的性质。
参考作为收获后的包装体系的材料的应用,发现,包装材料外面的微生物不能进入内部面积,包装袋内部的微生物难以在通常由于在包封面积内部的浓集而孵育的包装材料内部生长。
如上所述,具有包覆其中的铜离子微粒的本发明的聚合材料还能够利用模具/形状构型制备一次性手套和避孕套。
通常,主要的原料是浓缩的、保藏的天然橡胶胶乳。另外,可以加入化学品例如酸、氯气、碱和玉米淀粉,然而,正如现有技术所知,根据本发明还可以加入粉末形式的Cu++。
阴模(或阳模)是通过防止液体胶乳粘结其上的制备方法制备。如本领域所知,这是通过一组浸辊和对模具的处理完成的。然后将阴模清洁并干燥,并浸渍在凝结剂化学品的溶液中。该凝结剂在阴模上形成一层,当阴模浸渍在胶乳罐中时,有助于固化胶乳。
将阴模浸渍在胶乳混合物中,从中拉出并通过硫化箱。手套和/或避孕套将在它们通过温度大约为120℃-140℃的烘箱的不同位置时硫化。该方法交联胶乳橡胶来赋予所需要的物理性能。
制备一次性手套/避孕套的常规方法和本发明方法之间的区别是在原料中加入了Cu++粉末。
下面,尽管本发明将结合下面实施例中的某些优选实施方式并参考附图进行说明,以使本发明的这些方面可以被更充分地理解,但是决不是想将本发明限定为这些具体实施方式。相反,本发明意欲同包括在后面权利要求中限定的本发明的范围一样,覆盖所有的变化形式、改变形式和等价变化形式。因此,后面这些包括优选实施方式的实施例将用于说明本发明的实施,它应当理解为,所示的细节是通过实施例的形式并且仅仅是用于说明性讨论本发明的优选实施方式,并且当它们被认为是最有用的并且易于理解配方过程以及本发明的原理和概念性方面的描述时,才存在。
附图的简要说明
图1是加入到聚合物浆料中后,其中包埋有并从中突出出来的铜颗粒的尼龙纤维的电子显微镜照片;
图2是根据本发明,浸渍有不同量铜离子的乳胶手套的消毒样片上,表示抑制HIV-1的图。
实施例1-纤维的制备
通过在分别为160℃的两个单独浴中加热两种珠粒形化学品来制备一共500g的聚酰胺双组分化合物。然后将两个单独组分混合在一起,并搅拌15分钟直到混合物在色泽上呈现均相。再次将混合的化学品分在两个单独罐中。一个罐中,将25gCuO和Cu2O粉末的混合物加入,得到1%的混合物。第二个罐中,将6.25gCuO和Cu2O粉末的混合物加入,得到0.25%的混合物。这两个混合物都保持160℃的温度。搅拌混合物直到色泽上呈现均相。
将这两种混合物挤出通过带孔的喷丝板,得到直径为50-70微米的纤维。由于Cu++防粘粉末被研磨成小于20微米的颗粒,因此喷丝板的孔中没有发生堵塞。将挤出的纤维空气冷却,并缠在圆锥体上。
测试纤维的生物活性。
制备任何合成纤维的常规方法和本发明方法之间的区别是在原料中加入了Cu++防粘粉末。
实施例2
将高度浓缩HIV-1病毒的100μl等分试样在37℃下的纤维表面上孵育30分钟。然后,将10μl预先处理的病毒加入到在1ml培养基中孵育的MT-2细胞(Lymphocyte Human Cell Line)中。然后,将细胞在37℃下在保湿孵育箱中孵育5天,并利用市售ELISA(EnzymeBased Immuno-absorbtion Assay)试剂盒通过测试上清液中p24(一种特定的HIV-1蛋白质)的量的方法来测试病毒传染性和增殖。结果是多个试验的平均值。作为CuO或Cu2O对细胞可能存在的细胞毒性的对照例,按照上述方法进行类似试验,不同的是纤维是在100μl没有加HIV-1的天然培养基中孵育。没有观察到细胞毒性,即在上述试验条件下,没有观察到宿主细胞被杀死。
下面,概括了组织培养中,浸渍了CuO或Cu2O的几种纤维对抑制HIV-1增殖能力的评价:
阴性对照(不含有CuO或Cu2O的聚合物纤维): 不抑制
阳性对照(CuO或Cu2O粉末): 抑制70%
1%的CuO或Cu2O纤维: 抑制26%
实施例3 抗真菌易感性的测试
易感性测试是按照下述方法进行的:
用于该测试的琼脂配方是根据NCCLS文献M27-A:RPMI(RPG)选择的,并选择了一种缓冲到pH值为7.0的0.165M的吗啉丙烷磺酸缓冲液(MOPS)。
测试中,使用了一种带有琼脂厚度为4.0mm的90mm直径的板。对于白色假丝酵母(Candida albicans),新型隐球酵母(Cryptococcusneoformans),微球菌属(Micrococcus),Tinea pedis和Tineacurpus,接种物分别是由24小时培养物和48小时培养物制成的;而对于绳状曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)和须发癣菌(Trichophytonmentagrophytes),使用了5天的老培养物。在浊度调整为0.5McFarland标准的消毒的0.85%NaCl中,制备了细胞悬浮液。在琼脂表面通过将浸在细胞悬浮液中的无毒棉拭在琼脂整个表面上在三个方向划线来接种。
过量湿气被吸收在琼脂并且表面完全干燥后,将浓度为3%-10%的Chemtex/MTC处理的纤维用各种镀层液涂覆。该镀层是在35℃小培养并在24小时、48小时和7天后读数。如果纤维下面和周围没有观察到抑制性,那么处理纤维的抗真菌活性就被认为是正的。
抗细菌易感性测试
在进行下述改变后,按照上述抗真菌活性的方法进行易感性测试。pH值调整为7.2-7.4。用于该研究的细菌是大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli),金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphphylococcus aureus),短杆菌属(brevubacterium),不动杆菌属(acinetobacter)和微球菌属(micrococcus)。
结果
浓度为3%-10%的处理纤维在纤维下面和周围具有特殊的抑制区,说明了正的抗真菌和抗细菌活性。对照例(未处理的纤维)没有抗真菌或抗细菌活性。
实施例4
将含有HIV-1IIIB(实验室亲T细胞菌株,0.36pg p24[病毒含量])的50μl RPMI1640培养基放在UV消毒的手套样片的表面。作为病毒活性的阴性对照,将50μl培养基放置在手套上,作为阳性对照,将病毒放置在正常的手套(即没有Cu++)上。该试验进行多次,即在各个手套上(不同浓度的Cu++)放置两个单独液滴,分别是含有或不含有病毒。
室温下孵育20分钟后,将含有病毒的50μl液滴与450μl新鲜培养基(含有10%的胎牛血清)混合,并将该混合物加入到1ml培养基(含有10%的胎牛血清)中的2×105MT-2细胞(淋巴细胞系)中。
然后将病毒细胞混合物在24孔板中,在37℃的CO2保湿培养中孵育。孵育4天后,每个孔中病毒的存在量用Reverse Transcriptase(RT)Assay进行量化分析。
RT是HIV-1的关键酶,它能够由RNA链聚合DNA链。通过加入放射性同位素标记的脱氧核苷酸,新合成的DNA的量能够量化测出。如图2所示,抑制性的百分比是将用每只手套得到的每分钟的平均数(CPM)除以正常对照手套中得到的平均数计算的。从该图中可以看出,经浓缩的HIV-1病毒暴露在浸渍有1%或更多铜离子的化合物的乳胶手套表面20分钟后,结果是,随后病毒对淋巴细胞的感染性的中和超过95%(HIV-1的主要目标)。该结果指出,将铜离子浸渍在将要制成手套或其它物品例如避孕套的浆料中来中和传染的病毒的潜在性,其中这种传染的病毒可以在人体被污染的体液例如血液或精液中发现。
对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,本发明并不限于上面说明性实施例的细节,本发明可以包括不偏离本发明基本特性的其它方面,因此,本发明的实施方式和实施例希望被认为在所有方面被认为是说明性的,而不是限制性的,构成后面权利要求的参考而不是上述描述,因此在权利要求意思范围内和等价范围的所有改变都包括在其中。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗微生物抗病毒聚合物材料,它具有包覆在其中并从其表面突出处理的铜离子微粒。
2.根据权利要求1的所述的抗微生物抗病毒聚合物材料,其中所示聚合物材料是膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物抗病毒聚合物材料,其中所述聚合物材料是纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物抗病毒聚合物材料,其中所述聚合物材料是纱线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物抗病毒聚合物材料,其中所述颗粒的大小为1-10微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物抗病毒聚合物材料,其中所述颗粒在聚合物中的含量为0.25-10wt%。
7.一种含有权利要求1中的抗微生物聚合物材料的包装材料。
8.一种包括抗病毒聚合物材料的避孕套,具有包覆在其中并从其表面突出处理的铜离子微粒。
9.一种制备抗微生物抗病毒聚合物材料的方法,包括制备一种聚合物浆料,将铜离子引入到所述浆料中并在其中分散,然后挤出所述浆料形成聚合物材料,其中所述铜离子颗粒被包覆在其中,并从其表面突出出来。
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- 2001-04-01 WO PCT/IL2001/000299 patent/WO2001074166A1/en active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
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US9439437B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
DE60102291T2 (de) | 2005-02-17 |
ATE261248T1 (de) | 2004-03-15 |
EP1272037B1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
KR100851022B1 (ko) | 2008-08-12 |
US20040224005A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
JP2012229424A (ja) | 2012-11-22 |
IL135487A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
CN1258979C (zh) | 2006-06-14 |
US20160338359A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
IL135487A (en) | 2005-07-25 |
AU2001246791A1 (en) | 2001-10-15 |
TR200400908T4 (tr) | 2004-07-21 |
CA2404972A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
JP5285199B2 (ja) | 2013-09-11 |
US20070184079A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
WO2001074166A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
KR20020087485A (ko) | 2002-11-22 |
JP5457504B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
EP1272037A1 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
WO2001074166B1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
JP2003528975A (ja) | 2003-09-30 |
US7169402B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 |
DE60102291D1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
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