CN108472936A - 包括粘合剂层的丙烯酸类聚乙烯醇缩醛膜 - Google Patents
包括粘合剂层的丙烯酸类聚乙烯醇缩醛膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108472936A CN108472936A CN201680075361.XA CN201680075361A CN108472936A CN 108472936 A CN108472936 A CN 108472936A CN 201680075361 A CN201680075361 A CN 201680075361A CN 108472936 A CN108472936 A CN 108472936A
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种膜,该膜包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物。靠近膜设置粘合剂组合物的层。粘合剂组合物具有在25℃和1赫兹下小于1MPa的拉伸弹性模量。
Description
发明内容
描述了一种包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物的膜,所述聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物包含具有下式的聚合单元:
其中R1为氢或C1-C7烷基基团。靠近膜设置粘合剂组合物的层。粘合剂组合物具有在25℃和1赫兹下小于1MPa的拉伸弹性模量。
具体实施方式
现在描述的是包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物的膜。在膜上设置粘合剂组合物的层。该膜优选地通过将聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物溶解在可自由基聚合的溶剂单体中来制备。该溶剂单体优选地通过暴露于(例如,紫外线)辐射来聚合。
“Dahlquist粘性标准(Dahlquist Criterion for Tack)”被广泛认为是压敏粘合剂(PSA)的必要条件。它指出PSA在大约室温(25℃)和1赫兹的频率下具有小于3×106达因/cm2(0.3MPa)的剪切储能模量(G’)(Pocius,粘合和粘合剂技术(Adhesion and AdhesiveTechnology),第3版,2012年,第288页)。
剪切储能模量可使用以下公式转化成拉伸储能模量:E’=2G’(r+1),其中r为相关材料的泊松比。使用此公式并且鉴于弹性体和PSA的泊松比接近于0.5,以拉伸储能模量(E’)表示的Dahlquist标准小于0.9MPa(9×106达因/cm2)。
本文所述的膜通常在1赫兹下在25℃下具有大于9×106达因/cm2(0.9MPa)或1×107达因/cm2(1MPa)的拉伸储能模量(E’),如可通过动态力学分析所测量的(如通过实施例中所描述的测试方法所确定的)。在25℃和1赫兹下的拉伸储能模量(E’)通常大于5×107达因/cm2(5MPa),并且在一些实施方案中为至少1×108达因/cm2(10MPa)、5×108达因/cm2(50MPa)。在一些实施方案中,在25℃和1赫兹下的拉伸储能模量(E’)为在1赫兹下至少1×109达因/cm2、5×109达因/cm2或1×1010达因/cm2(即,1000MPa)。因此,根据Dahlquist标准,该膜不是压敏粘合剂。
粘合剂层在25℃下具有小于1×107达因/cm2(1MPa)或小于9×106达因/cm2(0.9MPa)的拉伸储能模量(E’)。
膜可表征为用于粘合剂制品的背衬,诸如片材或条带。
在一些实施方案中,本文所述的膜可设置在第二背衬上或粘结(例如,使用粘合剂)至该第二背衬。第二背衬可设置在粘合剂与包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物的膜之间,和/或第二背衬可设置在相反主表面上或包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物的膜上。
第二背衬可包括多种柔性和非柔性(例如,预成形纤维网)基底,包括但不限于聚合物膜、织造或非织造织物、金属箔、泡沫、纸材、以及它们的组合(例如,金属化的聚合物膜)。聚合物膜包括例如聚烯烃诸如聚丙烯(例如,双轴取向)、聚乙烯(例如,高密度或低密度)、聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚碳酸酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、含氟聚合物、乙酸纤维素、三乙酸纤维素、乙基纤维素、以及生物基材料诸如聚乳酸(PLA)。织造或非织造织物可包含合成或天然材料诸如纤维素(例如,薄纸)、棉、尼龙、聚乙烯、人造丝、玻璃、陶瓷材料等等的纤维或原丝。
在一些实施方案中,第二背衬为热塑性聚合物,诸如聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物、ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)树脂等。
在一些实施方案中,第二背衬为透明膜,其具有至少90%的可见光透射率。在其它实施方案中,第二背衬是不透明(例如,白色)或反射的。
在另一个实施方案中,膜或第二背衬还可包括金属或金属氧化物层。金属的示例包括铝、硅、镁、钯、锌、锡、镍、银、铜、金、铟、不锈钢、铬、钛等等。用于金属氧化物层的金属氧化物的示例包括氧化铝、氧化锌、氧化锑、氧化铟、氧化钙、氧化镉、氧化银、氧化金、氧化铬、氧化硅、氧化钴、氧化锆、氧化锡、氧化钛、氧化铁、氧化铜、氧化镍、氧化铂、氧化钯、氧化铋、氧化镁、氧化锰、氧化钼、氧化钒、氧化钡等等。这些金属和金属氧化物可单独使用或以两种或更多种的组合来使用。这些金属和/或金属氧化物的层可通过已知方法形成,诸如真空沉积、离子电镀、溅射、以及CVD(化学气相沉积)。金属和/或金属氧化物层的厚度通常为至少5nm至最多100或250nm。
膜或第二背衬的厚度通常为至少10微米、15微米、20微米或25微米(1密耳),并且通常不大于500微米(20密耳)厚度。在一些实施方案中,膜或第二背衬的厚度不大于400微米、300微米、200微米或100微米。膜可具有与第二背衬相同的厚度。然而,膜,尤其是在与背衬组合使用时,可具有小于10微米的厚度。在一些实施方案中,包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物的膜通常为至少250nm、500nm、750nm或1微米。总体膜以及第二背衬通常为卷状物的形式,但是也可以是单独片材的形式。
在一些实施方案中,膜和/或第二背衬是可适形的。所谓的“可适形的”意指膜或膜层足够柔软和柔韧,以使其适应基底表面上的曲面、凹陷或凸起,以使该膜可围绕曲面或凸起进行拉伸或可以向下压到凹陷中而不使膜破裂或脱层。还希望膜在施加之后不会从基底表面脱层或脱离(称作起泡)。
合适的可适形的第二背衬包括例如,聚氯乙烯(PVC)、增塑聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、含氟聚合物等。其它聚合物共混物还可能是合适的,包括例如热塑性聚氨酯和纤维素酯。
在一些实施方案中,第二背衬在拉伸之后具有足够的非弹性变形,以使在拉伸时,膜不恢复至其初始长度。优选地,膜在一旦被拉伸至它们初始长度的115%后,则具有至少5%的非弹性变形。在其它实施方案中,包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物的膜的适形能力,如通过%拉伸永久变形所测定的(如WO2016/094277中所述),为至少20%、25%、或30%。
膜或第二背衬可任选地还包括设置在其间的底漆或粘合增进处理。
合适的底漆的示例包括氯化的聚烯烃、聚酰胺、以及美国专利5,677,376、5,623,010中公开的改性聚合物以及WO 98/15601和WO 99/03907中公开的那些,以及其它改性的丙烯酸类聚合物。膜和/或第二背衬还可经受粘合增进处理,诸如空气或氮气电晕处理、等离子体、火焰、或光化辐射。
膜可任选地包括如以引用方式并入本文的共同提交的77044US002中所述的结构化层。在一些实施方案中,结构化层包括基膜层和设置在基膜层的主表面上的结构,其中基膜层和/或结构可包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物。在其它实施方案中,结构化层包括基膜层、包括设置在基膜层的主表面上的峰和谷的结构、以及至少部分地填充谷的填充材料。在此实施方案中,基膜层、和/或结构、和/或填充材料包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物。
膜包含衍生自(例如,非叔)醇的一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的聚合单元,该醇含有1至14个碳原子并且优选地含有平均4至12个碳原子。
单体的示例包括丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与非叔醇的酯,该非叔醇诸如乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、3-戊醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、1-己醇、2-己醇、2-甲基-1-戊醇、3-甲基-1-戊醇、2-乙基-1-丁醇;3,5,5-三甲基-1-己醇、3-庚醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、异辛醇、2-乙基-1-己醇、1-癸醇、2-丙基庚醇、1-十二烷醇、1-十三烷醇、1-十四烷醇等等。
膜包含一种或多种低Tg(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的聚合单元,即(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体当反应形成均聚物时具有不大于0℃的Tg。在一些实施方案中,低Tg单体具有不大于-5℃、或不大于-10℃的Tg。这些均聚物的Tg通常大于或等于-80℃、大于或等于-70℃、大于或等于-60℃、或者大于或等于-50℃。
低Tg单体可具有下式
H2C=CR1C(O)OR8
其中R1为H或甲基,并且R8为具有1至22个碳的烷基或具有2至20个碳和1至6个选自氧或硫的杂原子的杂烷基。该烷基或杂烷基基团可为直链的、支链的、环状的、或它们的组合。
示例性低Tg单体包括例如丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、丙烯酸异戊酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸2-甲基丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸4-甲基-2-戊酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸2-辛酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸异壬酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸异十三烷基酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯和丙烯酸十二烷基酯。
低Tg杂烷基丙烯酸酯单体包括但不限于丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯和丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯。
在一些实施方案中,膜包含至少一种低Tg单体的聚合单元,该低Tg单体具有含6至20个碳原子的烷基基团。在一些实施方案中,低Tg单体具有含7或8个碳原子的烷基基团。示例性单体包括但不限于(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异癸酯以及(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯。在一些实施方案中,该单体为(甲基)丙烯酸与衍生自可再生来源的醇的酯,诸如(甲基)丙烯酸2-辛酯。
基于聚合单元的总重量(即,不包括无机填料或其它添加剂),膜通常包含至少10重量%、15重量%、20重量%或25重量%的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元,该单体具有小于0℃的Tg。如本文所用,聚合单元的重量%是指基于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物以及(当存在时)交联剂的总重量的重量%。基于聚合单元的总重量,膜通常包含不大于60重量%、55重量%、50重量%、45重量%或40重量%的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元,该单体具有小于0℃的Tg。
在其它实施方案中,基于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物以及(当存在时)交联剂的聚合单元的总重量,膜包含小于10重量%的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元,该单体具有小于0℃的Tg。例如,具有小于0℃的Tg的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元的最小浓度可为0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、或9重量%。
当该膜不含非聚合组分诸如无机填料和添加剂时,指定聚合单元的重量%与存在于总膜组合物中的此类聚合单元的重量%大约相同。然而,当膜组合物包含非聚合组分诸如无机填料或其它不可聚合添加剂时,总膜组合物可包含基本上较少的聚合单元。一般来讲,不可聚合添加剂的总量的范围可多至25重量%。因此,在包含此类不可聚合添加剂的膜的情况下,根据此类添加剂的总浓度,指定聚合单元的浓度可减少多达5重量%、10重量%、15重量%、20重量%、25重量%。例如,当该膜包含20重量%无机填料时,低Tg单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的浓度可减少20%,即至少8重量%、12重量%等。
膜通常包含至少一种(例如非极性)高Tg单体,即(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体当反应形成均聚物时具有大于0℃的Tg。高Tg单体更通常具有大于5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、或40℃的Tg。
在典型的实施方案中,该膜包含至少一种高Tg单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,这些高Tg单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体包括例如丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸仲丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂醇酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸降冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯、丙烯酸3,3,5三甲基环己基酯、丙烯酸环己酯和甲基丙烯酸丙酯或组合。
在一些实施方案中,基于聚合单元的总重量(即,不包括无机填料或其它添加剂),该膜包含至少1重量%、2重量%或3重量%至最多35重量%或40重量%的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元,该单体具有大于40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃或80℃的Tg。在一些实施方案中,该膜包含不大于30重量%、25重量%、20重量%或10重量%的高Tg单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元。另外,在一些实施方案中,该膜包含小于1.0重量%、0.5重量%、0.1重量%的高Tg单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元或不含该聚合单元。
在其它实施方案中,基于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物以及(当存在时)交联剂的聚合单元的总重量,膜包含大于40重量%的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元,该单体具有大于40℃的Tg。例如,具有大于40℃的Tg的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元的最大浓度可为50重量%、60重量%、70重量%、80重量%、或90重量%。
各种单体的均聚物的Tg是已知的并且在各种手册中有所报告。一些例示性单体的Tg也报告于PCT申请WO2016/094277中;其以引用方式并入本文中。
在典型的实施方案中,该膜还包含至少10重量%、15重量%或20重量%且不大于65重量%的极性单体的聚合单元。此类极性单体通常有助于使聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物与高和低Tg(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(例如溶剂)单体相容。极性单体通常具有大于0℃的Tg,但Tg可低于高Tg单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体。
代表性极性单体包括例如酸官能单体、羟基官能单体、含氮单体以及它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,该膜包含酸官能单体(高Tg单体的子集)的聚合单元,其中酸官能团可以是酸本身,诸如羧酸,或者一部分可以是其盐,诸如碱金属羧酸盐。可用的酸官能单体包括但不限于选自烯键式不饱和羧酸、烯键式不饱和磺酸、烯键式不饱和膦酸以及它们的混合物的那些。此类化合物的示例包括选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、富马酸、巴豆酸、柠康酸、马来酸、油酸、(甲基)丙烯酸β-羧乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-磺乙酯、苯乙烯磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、乙烯基膦酸以及它们的混合物的那些。
在一些实施方案中,该膜包含0.5重量%至最多20重量%或25重量%的酸官能单体诸如丙烯酸的聚合单元。在一些实施方案中,膜组合物包含至少1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%或5重量%的酸官能单体的聚合单元。在其它实施方案中,膜组合物包含小于1.0重量%、0.5重量%、0.1重量%的酸官能单体的聚合单元或不含所述聚合单元。
在一些实施方案中,膜包含非酸官能极性单体。
一类非酸官能极性单体包括含氮单体。代表性示例包括N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮;N-乙烯基己内酰胺;丙烯酰胺;单或二-N-烷基取代的丙烯酰胺;叔丁基丙烯酰胺;二甲氨基乙基丙烯酰胺;以及N-辛基丙烯酰胺。在一些实施方案中,膜包含至少0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%或5重量%的含氮单体的聚合单元,并且通常不大于25重量%或30重量%。在其它实施方案中,膜包含小于1.0重量%、0.5重量%、0.1重量%的含氮单体的聚合单元或不含所述聚合单元。
另一类非酸官能极性单体包括烷氧基官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。代表性示例包括(甲基)丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、2-(甲氧基乙氧基)乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯以及聚乙二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
在一些实施方案中,膜包含至少0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%或5重量%的烷氧基-官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的聚合单元,并且通常不大于30重量%或35重量%。在其它实施方案中,膜包含小于1.0重量%、0.5重量%、0.1重量%的烷氧基-官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的聚合单元或不含所述聚合单元。
优选的极性单体包括丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯;N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺以及N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。膜通常包含至少10重量%、15重量%或20重量%且通常不大于65重量%、60重量%、55重量%、50重量%或45重量%的量的极性单体的聚合单元。
膜可任选地包含乙烯基单体,这些乙烯基单体包括乙烯基酯(例如,乙酸乙烯酯和丙酸乙烯酯)、苯乙烯、取代的苯乙烯(例如,α-甲基苯乙烯)、乙烯基卤化物以及它们的混合物。如本文所用,乙烯基单体不包括极性单体。在一些实施方案中,膜包含至少0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%或5重量%且通常不大于10重量%的乙烯基单体的聚合单元。在其它实施方案中,膜包含小于1.0重量%、0.5重量%、0.1重量%的乙烯基单体的聚合单元或不含所述聚合单元。
在一些有利的实施方案中,(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的聚合单元含有脂族基团并且缺少芳族部分。
在典型的实施方案中,溶剂单体聚合以形成无规(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物共聚物。
本发明中所用的聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物例如通过使聚乙烯醇与醛反应来获得,如本领域中已知的以及先前引用的WO2016/094277中更加详细地描述的。聚缩醛树脂通常为无规共聚物。然而,嵌段共聚物和递变嵌段共聚物可提供与无规共聚物类似的益处。
聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物的含量通常在聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物的65重量%至最多90重量%的范围内。在一些实施方案中,聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)的含量在约70重量%或75重量%至最多80重量%或85重量%的范围内。聚乙烯醇的含量通常在聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物的约10重量%至30重量%的范围内。在一些实施方案中,聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物的聚乙烯醇的含量在约15重量%至25重量%的范围内。聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物的聚乙酸乙烯酯的含量可以是零或在聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物的1重量%至8重量%的范围内。在一些实施方案中,聚乙酸乙烯酯的含量在约1重量%至5重量%的范围内。
在一些实施方案中,醛的烷基残基包含1至7个碳原子。在其它实施方案中,醛的烷基残基包含3至7个碳原子,诸如在丁醛(R1=3)、己醛(R1=5)、正辛醛(R1=7)的情况下。在这些醛中,最常使用丁醛,也称为正丁醛。聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(“PVB”)聚合物可以商品名“MowitalTM”从可乐丽公司(Kuraray)商购获得并且以商品名“ButvarTM”从首诺公司(Solutia)商购获得。
在一些实施方案中,聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如缩丁醛)聚合物具有在约60℃至最高约75℃或80℃范围内的Tg。在一些实施方案中,聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如缩丁醛)聚合物的Tg为至少65℃或70℃。当在聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物的制备中使用其它醛,诸如正辛醛时,Tg可小于65℃或60℃。聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物的Tg通常为至少35、40或45℃。当聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物具有小于60℃的Tg时,相比于利用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛聚合物的那些,可在膜组合物中使用更高浓度的高Tg单体。当在聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物的制备中使用其它醛,诸如乙醛时,Tg可大于75℃或80℃。当聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物具有大于70℃的Tg时,相比于利用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛聚合物的那些,可在膜组合物中使用更高浓度的低Tg单体。
在一些实施方案中,聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物通常具有至少10,000g/mol或15,000g/mol且不大于150,000g/mol或100,000g/mol的平均分子量(Mw)。在一些有利的实施方案中,聚缩醛(例如PVB)聚合物具有至少20,000g/mol;25,000;30,000、35,000g/mol且通常不大于75,000g/mol的平均分子量(Mw)。
在一些实施方案中,基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物以及(当存在时)交联剂的聚合单元的总重量,膜包含5重量%至30重量%的聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物诸如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。在一些实施方案中,膜包含至少10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%或15重量%的聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物。在一些实施方案中,膜包含不大于25重量%或20重量%的聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物。当膜包含具有小于50,000g/mol的平均分子量(Mw)的聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物时,膜可包含更高浓度的聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物,诸如35重量%或40重量%。因此,膜和组合物包含与大量的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物组合的少量聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如PVB)树脂。(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的量通常为膜的至少50重量%、55重量%、60重量%、65重量%、70重量%、75重量%、80重量%、85重量%、90重量%、或95重量%。
在其它实施方案中,基于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物以及(当存在时)交联剂的聚合单元的总重量,膜包含小于5重量%的聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物。例如,聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物的最小浓度可为0.5重量%、1重量%、1.5重量%、2重量%、1.5重量%、3重量%、3.5重量%、4重量%、或4.5重量%。
在一些实施方案中,膜包含聚合交联剂单元。在一些实施方案中,交联剂为能够使(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的聚合单元交联的多官能交联剂,诸如在包含选自(甲基)丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基和烯基(例如,C3-C20烯烃基团)的官能团的交联剂;以及氯化三嗪交联化合物的情况下。
可用的(例如,脂族)多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的示例包括但不限于二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸酯和四(甲基)丙烯酸酯,诸如1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丁二烯二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和丙氧基化甘油三(甲基)丙烯酸酯以及它们的混合物。
在一个实施方案中,交联单体包含(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团和烯烃基团。烯烃基团包含至少一个烃不饱和基团。交联单体可具有下式
R1为H或CH3,
L为任选的连接基团;并且
R2为烯烃基团,该烯烃基团是任选地被取代的。
丙烯酸二氢环戊二烯基酯为此类交联单体的一个示例。这种类型的包含C6-C20烯烃的其它交联单体在WO2014/172185中有所描述。
在其它实施方案中,交联单体包含选自烯丙基、甲代烯丙基或它们的组合的至少两个末端基团。烯丙基基团具有结构式H2C=CH-CH2-。它由连接至乙烯基基团(-CH=CH2)的亚甲基桥(-CH2-)组成。类似地,甲代烯丙基基团为具有结构式H2C=C(CH3)-CH2-的取代基。术语(甲基)烯丙基包括烯丙基和甲代烯丙基基团两者。这种类型的交联单体在PCT公开WO2015/157350中有所描述。
在一些实施方案中,膜可包含含有乙烯基基团的多官能交联剂,诸如在1,3-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷的情况下。
三嗪交联化合物可具有下式。
其中该三嗪交联剂的R1、R2、R3和R4独立地为氢或烷氧基基团,并且R1、R2、R3和R4中的1至3个为氢。烷氧基基团通常具有不大于12个碳原子。在有利的实施方案中,烷氧基基团独立地为甲氧基或乙氧基。一种代表性物质为2,4,-双(三氯甲基)-6-(3,4-双(甲氧基)苯基)-三嗪。此类三嗪交联化合物在U.S.4,330,590中进一步描述。
在其它实施方案中,交联剂包含羟基反应性基团,诸如异氰酸酯基团,该羟基反应性基团能够使(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(例如,HEA)的烷氧基基团或聚乙烯醇缩醛(PVB)的聚乙烯醇基团交联。可用的(例如,脂族)多官能异氰酸酯交联剂的示例包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯以及它们的衍生物和预聚物。
可采用两种或更多种交联剂的各种组合。
当存在时,基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物和交联剂的聚合单元的总重量,交联剂通常以至少0.5重量%、1.0重量%、1.5重量%或2重量%至最多5重量%或10重量%的量存在。因此,膜包含此类量的聚合交联剂单元。
在其它实施方案中,基于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物以及(当存在时)交联剂的聚合单元的总重量,膜包含大于10重量%的聚合交联剂单元。例如,聚合交联剂单元的最大浓度可最多至50重量%、55重量%、60重量%、65重量%、70重量%、75重量%、或80重量%。
膜可通过各种技术来聚合,但是优选地通过无溶剂辐射聚合法来聚合,包括使用电子束、伽马辐射并且尤其是紫外光辐射的过程。在此(例如,紫外光辐射)实施方案中,通常几乎不使用或不使用甲基丙烯酸酯单体。因此,膜包含零或不大于10重量%、9重量%、8重量%、7重量%、6重量%、5重量%、4重量%、3重量%、2重量%或1重量%的具有甲基丙烯酸酯基团的单体的聚合单元。一种制备本文所述的膜的方法包括将聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物溶解在(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的未聚合溶剂单体中,从而形成足够粘度的可涂覆组合物。
另一种方法包括使一种或多种溶剂单体部分地聚合以产生包含溶解在一种或多种未聚合溶剂单体中的溶质(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的浆料组合物。
可在部分聚合(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的单体之前和/或之后,添加聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物。在此实施方案中,可涂覆组合物包含部分聚合的(例如,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯)溶剂单体和聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物。然后,将可涂覆组合物涂覆在合适的基材上并且进一步聚合。
可涂覆组合物的粘度在25℃下通常为至少1,000cps或2,000cps至最多100,000cps。在一些实施方案中,粘度不大于约75,000;50,000或25,000厘泊。将可涂覆组合物涂覆在合适的基材诸如剥离衬垫上,并且通过暴露于辐射来聚合。
该方法可形成比可通过将预聚合的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)聚合物进行溶剂共混来使用的更高分子量的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物。更高分子量的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物可增加链缠结的量,从而增加内聚强度。另外,交联之间的距离可随高分子量(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物而变大,这使得到相邻(例如,膜)层的表面上的润湿度增加。
膜组合物的分子量可甚至通过包含交联剂而进一步增加。
高分子量(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物以及膜通常具有至少20重量%、25重量%、30重量%、35重量%或40重量%的凝胶含量(如根据使用四氢呋喃(THF)的实施例中所描述的凝胶含量测试方法(Gel Content Test Method)所测量的)。在一些实施方案中,凝胶含量为至少45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%。凝胶含量通常小于100%、99%或98%。当(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物具有高凝胶含量时,其通常不是热塑性的。
聚合优选地在不存在不可聚合的有机溶剂诸如乙酸乙酯、甲苯和四氢呋喃的情况下进行,这些溶剂与溶剂单体和聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,PVB)的官能团不反应。溶剂影响聚合物链中不同单体的掺入速率,并且由于溶液的聚合物胶凝或析出一般导致较低的分子量。因此,膜组合物可不含不可聚合的有机溶剂。
可用的光引发剂包括苯偶姻醚,诸如苯偶姻甲醚和苯偶姻异丙醚;取代的苯乙酮诸如2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮光引发剂,可以商品名IRGACURE651或ESACURE KB-1光引发剂(宾夕法尼亚州威彻斯特的沙多玛公司(Sartomer Co.,West Chester,PA))获得,以及二甲基羟基苯乙酮;取代的α-酮醇,诸如2-甲基-2-羟基苯丙酮;芳族磺酰氯,诸如2-萘磺酰氯;光敏肟,诸如1-苯基-1,2-丙二酮-2-(O-乙氧基-羰基)肟;单-或双-丙烯酰基氧化膦,诸如IRGANOX 819或LUCIRIN TPO。
优选的光引发剂是发生Norrish I裂解以生成自由基的光活性化合物,所述自由基可通过对丙烯酸类的双键加成来引发。光引发剂可在聚合物(例如,浆料)已形成之后添加至待涂覆的混合物,即可添加光引发剂。此类可聚合的光引发剂例如在U.S.5,902,836和5,506,279(Gaddam等人)中有所描述。
此类光引发剂通常以0.1重量%至1.0重量%的量存在。当光引发剂的消光系数较低时,可实现相对厚的涂层。
可使用常规的涂覆技术将膜组合物涂覆在未结构化或结构化的剥离衬垫上。例如,可通过诸如辊涂、流涂、浸涂、旋涂、喷涂、刮涂和模涂的方法来施加这些膜组合物。涂层厚度可变化。膜组合物可具有用于随后涂覆的任何所期望的浓度,但通常在(甲基)丙烯酸类溶剂单体中为5重量%至30重量%、35重量%或40重量%的聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物固体。可通过进一步稀释可涂覆组合物来实现所期望的浓度。涂层厚度可根据所期望的(例如,辐射)固化膜的厚度而变化。
可使经过涂覆的剥离衬垫在固化之前如先前所述的与膜或第二背衬接触。
膜组合物和光引发剂可用在280至425纳米的波长范围下具有最大UVA的激活紫外线辐射照射,以使一种或多种单体组分聚合。紫外光源可有各种类型。低强度光源,诸如黑光,其通常提供在0.1或0.5mW/cm2(毫瓦每平方厘米)至10mW/cm2范围内的强度(如根据美国国家标准技术研究院(United States National Institute of Standards andTechnology)认可的程序所测量,例如用弗吉尼亚州斯特林的电子仪表技术公司(Electronic Instrumentation&Technology,Inc.,in Sterling,VA)制造的UVIMAP UM365L-S辐射计测量)。高强度光源,其通常提供大于10mW/cm2、15mW/cm2或20mW/cm2且最高至450mW/cm2或更大的强度。在一些实施方案中,高强度光源提供最高至500、600、700、800、900或1000mW/cm2的强度。用以使一种或多种单体组分聚合的紫外光可由各种光源提供,诸如发光二极管(LED)、黑光、中压汞灯等、或它们的组合。还可使用如可购自Fusion UVSystems公司的较高强度光源使一种或多种单体组分聚合。用于聚合和固化的紫外线曝光时间可根据所使用的一个或多个光源的强度而变化。例如,用低强度光源进行完全固化可利用在约30秒至300秒范围内的曝光时间实现;而用高强度光源进行完全固化可利用在约5秒至20秒范围内的较短曝光时间实现。用高强度光源进行部分固化通常可利用在约2秒至约5秒或10秒范围内的曝光时间实现。
在一些实施方案中,第一膜层为透明的,其具有至少90%的可见光透射率。在一些实施方案中,膜、膜层、以及(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如缩丁醛)以及(当存在时)交联剂的组合物是透明的,具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、或95%的可见光透射率,如根据实施例中所述的测试方法所测量。在一些实施方案中,透明度为至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、或95%。透射率和透明度通常小于100%。在一些实施方案中,雾度小于15%或10%。在一些实施方案中,雾度小于9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%或2%。雾度可为至少0.5%。
在其它实施方案中,第一膜层是不透明(例如,白色)或反射的。
膜可任选地包含一种或多种常规添加剂。添加剂包括例如抗氧化剂、稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、润滑剂、加工助剂、抗静电剂、着色剂、抗冲击助剂、填料、消光剂、阻燃剂(例如,硼酸锌)等等。填料或颜料的一些示例包括无机氧化物材料,诸如氧化锌、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、炭黑、碳酸钙、三氧化锑、金属粉末、云母、石墨、滑石、陶瓷微球、玻璃或聚合物珠或泡、纤维、淀粉等。
当存在时,添加剂的量可为至少0.1重量%、0.2重量%、0.3重量%、0.4重量%、或0.5重量%。在一些实施方案中,添加剂的量不大于总膜组合物的25重量%、20重量%、15重量、10重量、或5重量%。在其它实施方案中,添加剂的浓度可最高至总膜组合物的40重量%、45重量%、50重量、55重量、或约65重量%。
在一些实施方案中,膜不含增塑剂、增粘剂以及它们的组合。在其它实施方案中,膜组合物包含不大于总膜组合物的5重量%、4重量%、3重量%、2重量%或1重量%的量的增塑剂、增粘剂以及它们的组合。从拉伸强度的角度来看,可优选不添加大量的增粘剂或增塑剂。
在一些实施方案中,膜组合物包含热解法二氧化硅。(例如,热解法)二氧化硅的浓度可变化。在一些实施方案中,膜包含至少0.5重量%或1.0重量%的(例如热解法)二氧化硅。
膜可使用各种技术进行表征。虽然共聚物的Tg可通过使用福克斯公式(Foxequation)基于组成单体的Tg和它们的重量百分比来估计,但是福克斯公式并不考虑可致使Tg偏离所计算的Tg的相互作用,诸如不相容性。膜的Tg是指中点Tg,如通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)根据先前在PCT申请wO2016/094277中所引用的测试方法所测量的。当膜和(例如辐射)固化组合物包含具有大于150℃的Tg的单体时,DSC测试温度的上限选定为高于最高Tg单体的Tg。如通过DSC所测量的中点Tg比如通过动态力学分析(DMA)在10Hz的频率和3℃/min的速率下所测量的峰值温度Tg低10℃-12℃。因此,如根据DSC测量的60℃的Tg等同于当根据如刚刚描述的DMA测量时的70-72℃。
膜的Tg通常为至少20℃、25℃或30℃,且最高至55℃、56℃、57℃、58℃、59℃、或60℃。在一些实施方案中,膜的Tg为至少31℃、32℃、33℃、34℃或35℃。在其它实施方案中,膜的Tg为至少36℃、37℃、38℃、39℃或40℃。在其它实施方案中,膜的Tg为至少41℃、42℃、43℃、44℃或45℃。在一些实施方案中,膜表现出如通过DSC测量的单一Tg。因此,单独的聚合(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物或它们与交联剂的组合可表现出单一Tg。
单一Tg是单一(例如连续)相形态的一个标志。因此,膜以及单独的聚合(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物或它们与交联剂的组合可表征为单一(例如连续相)。另选地,膜或(例如,辐射)固化组合物可根据实施例中所描述的测试方法通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)来测试。单一(例如连续)相形态对于具有低雾度和高透射率的膜是优选的。
在其它实施方案中,膜以及单独的聚合(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物或它们与交联剂的组合可表征为在(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的连续相中具有聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如缩丁醛)的分散相。平均分散尺寸可通过使用TEM对分散相的随机选择颗粒(例如100个颗粒)的直径取平均值来计算。平均分散尺寸可在0.1微米至10微米的范围内。在一些实施方案中,平均分散尺寸小于0.5、0.3、0.4、0.3、0.1微米。小于0.1微米的平均分散尺寸还可提供具有低雾度和高透射率的膜。
膜可根据先前引用的WO2016/094277中所述的测试方法通过拉伸和伸长进行表征。拉伸和伸长特性可与单独或与(例如PSA)粘合剂组合的丙烯酸类聚乙烯醇缩醛膜层有关。在一些实施方案中,拉伸强度为至少10MPa、11MPa、12MPa、13MPa、14MPa或15MPa并且通常不大于50MPa、45MPa、40MPa或35MPa。断裂伸长率的范围可在2%、3%、4%或5%至最多约150%、200%或300%以及更大。在一些实施方案中,伸长率为至少50%、100%、150%或175%并且可以范围至最多225%、250%、275%或300%。
膜优选的是在室温(25℃)下且优选地在最高至(120℉)50℃的(例如储存或运输)温度下摸起来不发粘的。在一些实施方案中,膜可表现出对玻璃的低水平粘附。例如,180°剥离值在12英寸/分钟剥离速率下可为约2盎司/英寸或更低。
粘合剂组合物的层靠近第一膜或第二背衬。粘合剂通常直接设置在第一膜或第二背衬上或可在第一膜或背衬与粘合剂层之间包括底漆或粘合增进处理。底漆的类型将随膜和所用粘合剂的类型而变化,并且本领域技术人员可选择适当的底漆。合适的底漆的示例包括氯化的聚烯烃、聚酰胺、以及美国专利5,677,376、5,623,010中公开的改性聚合物以及WO 98/15601和WO99/03907中公开的那些,以及其它改性的丙烯酸类聚合物。通常,以非常低的浓度例如小于约5%固体将底漆分散到溶剂中,并且涂覆到膜上,并在室温或升高的温度下干燥以形成非常薄的层。所使用的典型的溶剂可包括单独使用或作为它们的共混物使用的水、庚烷、甲苯、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇等等。
粘合剂层可以是任何合适的粘合剂。粘合剂的非限制性示例包括压敏粘合剂、热活化粘合剂、辐射固化性粘合剂等等。制剂类型的示例包括基于溶剂的溶液、水基胶乳、微球、热熔性可涂覆物、以及它们的合适组合。压敏粘合剂(PSA)可以是任何类型的PSA,诸如1989年纽约市范·诺斯特兰德·莱茵霍尔德出版社出版的D.萨塔斯编辑的压敏粘合剂手册第2版(Handbook of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives,Ed.D.Satas,2nd Edition,VonNostrand Reinhold,New York,1989)中所描述的那些。可用的压敏粘合剂的种类包括,例如,橡胶树脂材料诸如增粘的天然橡胶或基于合成橡胶的那些、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚乙烯醚、丙烯酸类(包括丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯两者)、聚氨酯、聚-α-烯烃、有机硅树脂等。可使用这些粘合剂的组合。另外,还可用的粘合剂包括可在升高的温度下活化以在使用温度下施加的那些。这些通常在使用温度下满足Dahlquist准则。
压敏粘合剂本身可以为发粘的。如果需要,可以将增粘剂添加至压敏粘合剂基体材料中,以形成压敏粘合剂。可用的增粘剂包括例如松香酯树脂、芳族烃树脂、脂族烃树脂、混合的芳族/脂族烃树脂以及萜烯树脂。可以出于特殊用途而添加其它材料,包括(例如)油类、增塑剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线(“UV”)稳定剂、氢化丁基橡胶、颜料、填料、固化剂、以及交联剂。填料或颜料的一些示例包括氧化锌、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、炭黑、金属粉末以及碳酸钙。
粘合剂层可利用本领域的技术人员已知的任何常规技术来施加。例如,可利用例如旋杆模头、狭缝模头或凹版辊通过涂覆或挤出涂覆按照常规涂覆重量(例如,0.0004至0.008g/cm2)将粘合剂层施加至膜表面上。粘合剂层的施加还可通过将膜与粘合剂层(任选地,被剥离衬垫覆盖)层合来实现。当使用剥离衬垫时,将粘合剂涂覆在衬垫上并层合至膜,或将粘合剂涂覆在膜上,随后将剥离衬垫施加至粘合剂层。粘合剂层可作为连续层、或图案化的不连续层施加。粘合剂层通常具有约5至约50微米的厚度。
粘合剂的示例包括在施加时为压敏的PSA、热熔性或热活化粘合剂,例如在美国专利4,994,322(Delgado等人)、美国专利4,968,562(Delgado)、EP 0 570 515和EP 0 617708中所公开的压敏粘合剂;以及在美国专利5,296,277和5,362,516(两者均来自Wilson等人)和5,141,790(Calhoun等人)以及WO 96/1687(Keller等人)中所公开的压敏粘合剂。PSA的其它示例在以下文献中有所描述:美国专利Re 24,906(Ulrich)、4,833,179(Young等人)、5,209,971(Babu等人)、2,736,721(Dester)以及5,461,134(Leir等人)。丙烯酸酯基PSA包括美国专利4,181,752(Clemens等人)和4,418,120(Kealy等人)、WO 95/13331中描述的那些。
在一些实施方案中,粘合剂层是可重新定位的粘合剂层。术语“可重新定位的”是指至少在初始时可反复地粘附到基底并从该基底移除而粘附能力无明显损失的能力。可重新定位的粘合剂通常至少在初始时对基底表面的剥离强度低于常规强粘性PSA。合适的可重新定位的粘合剂包括以CONTROLTAC Plus Film品牌和以SCOTCHLITE Plus Sheeting品牌使用的粘合剂类型,两者均由美国明尼苏达州圣保罗市的明尼苏达矿业及制造公司(Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company,St.Paul,Minnesota,USA)制备。
粘合剂层还可以为结构化的粘合剂层或具有至少一个微结构化表面的粘合剂层。在将包括这种结构化粘合剂层的膜制品施加到基底表面时,在膜制品与基底表面之间存在通道等的网络。此类通道等的存在允许空气横向穿过粘合剂层,因此在施加过程中允许空气从膜制品和表面基底下方逸出。
还可使用拓扑结构化的粘合剂以提供可重新定位的粘合剂。例如,已描述粘合剂的相对大比例的压印将永久性地降低压敏粘合剂/基底接触面积,并因此降低压敏粘合剂的粘结强度。各种拓扑结构包括粘合剂层的凹凸V形槽、菱形、杯形、半球形、圆锥形、火山形以及其它三维形状(全部具有显著小于粘合剂层的底面的顶表面积)。通常,这些拓扑结构提供与平滑表面的粘合剂层相比具有较低剥离粘附力值的粘合剂片、膜和条带。在许多情况下,拓扑结构化表面粘合剂还显示出慢的固定粘附以及增加的接触时间。
具有微结构化粘合剂表面的粘合剂层可包括在粘合剂表面的功能部分上方且从粘合剂表面向外突出的均匀分布的粘合剂或复合粘合剂“突起”。当片状材料置于基底表面上时,包括这种粘合剂层的膜制品提供可重新定位的片状材料(参见美国专利5,296,277)。这种粘合剂层还需要一致的微结构化剥离衬垫以在储存和加工过程中保护粘合剂突起。微结构化粘合剂表面的形成还可例如通过将粘合剂涂覆到具有对应微压印图案的剥离衬垫上或将粘合剂(如,PSA)朝具有对应微压印图案的剥离衬垫压缩来实现,如WO 98/29516中所描述的。
如果需要,粘合剂层可包括多个粘合剂子层,以得到粘合剂层组件的组合。例如,粘合剂层可包括热熔性粘合剂子层以及连续或不连续的PSA或可重新定位的粘合剂的覆盖层。
粘合剂层可任选地用剥离衬垫保护。剥离衬垫优选为粘合剂排斥的,更具体地讲包括纸或膜,其被相对于施加的粘合剂具有低表面能的化合物涂覆或改性。有机硅氧烷化合物、含氟聚合物、聚氨酯和聚烯烃可达到该目的。剥离衬垫也可以是聚合物片材,这种片材由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、PVC、聚酯通过添加或不添加粘合剂排斥的化合物制得。如上所述,剥离衬垫可具有微结构化或微压印的图案以将结构赋予粘合剂层。
另选地,膜(例如结构化层或固化的填充材料)的暴露表面可涂覆有合适的剥离材料,在本领域中也称为低粘附力背胶(LAB)。剥离材料是已知的并且包括诸如,例如,有机硅、聚乙烯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚丙烯酸类等的材料。在一些实施方案中,粘合剂为丙烯酸类热活化粘合剂或丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂。此类粘合剂可包含与膜的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物相同的通用组分。然而,粘合剂通常包含不同浓度的此类组分。例如,粘合剂通常包含较高浓度的低Tg单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元和/或足够浓度的增粘剂以降低Tg和拉伸弹性模量。在一个实施方案中,丙烯酸类粘合剂包含至少65重量%、70重量%、75重量%、80重量%、85重量%或90重量%的低Tg单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元,如先前所描述的。在一些实施方案中,丙烯酸类粘合剂包含至少0.1重量%、0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、或10重量%的极性单体,诸如酸性官能单体。极性单体的最大浓度与先前针对膜所描述的相同。在一些实施方案中,丙烯酸类粘合剂包含至少0.4重量%、1重量%、1.5重量%或2重量%且最多约10重量%或15重量%的聚合交联剂单元。交联剂可包含(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团和烯烃基团,如先前所描述的。另选地,丙烯酸类粘合剂可包含小浓度,例如小于1重量%的三嗪交联剂。在一些实施方案中,丙烯酸类粘合剂包含大于5重量%、10重量%、或15重量%的增粘剂,并且通常不大于20重量%、30重量%、40重量%或50重量%。在典型实施方案中,粘合剂不包含聚乙烯醇缩醛(例如,缩丁醛)聚合物。
在一些实施方案中,膜是图形膜,其用于将设计例如图像、图形、文本和/或信息应用于窗户、建筑、路面或车辆,诸如汽车、货车、公共汽车、卡车、有轨电车等上,例如用以实现宣传或装饰等目的。例如车辆的表面中的许多是不规则和/或不平的。
在其它实施方案中,膜为装饰性条带。
在另外其它实施方案中,膜为合成纺织物,诸如合成皮革。
材料
膜和粘合剂组合物的固化
所有的UVA固化膜和粘合剂组合物通过暴露在具有在350-400纳米范围内的最大UVA的UVA光源下来固化。总UVA能量使用配备有低功率感测头的POWERMAP辐射计(购自弗吉尼亚州斯特林的电子仪表与技术公司(EIT Incorporated,Sterling,VA))来确定。然后使用辐射计卷材速度和能量来计算总UVA能量。使用辐射计卷材速度来计算总曝光时间。
测试方法
90度角剥离强度
将测量为0.5英寸(1.27厘米)宽×大约12英寸(30.5厘米)长(在纵向上)的条带样品在测试之前在23℃和50%相对湿度下调理至少24小时。然后将其置于未使用的阳极化铝面板上并且使用4.5磅(2千克)橡胶手动滚筒将其前后滚动一次。以90英寸每分钟(228.6厘米/分钟)测试样品并且在5秒上取平均值。结果以盎司力/0.5英寸记录,并且报告为盎司力/0.5英寸(牛顿/分米)。指出并记录失效模式。在粘合剂完全从其所粘结的基底移除的情况下指定粘合剂失效模式。在粘合剂层分裂开并且一些仍然粘结至背衬而一些仍然粘结至基底的情况下指定内聚失效模式。在粘合剂完全从其所粘结的膜背衬移除的情况下指定双粘结失效模式。
剪切强度
通过用甲基乙基酮和洁净薄纸(可以商品名KIMWIPE购得,购自威斯康辛州尼纳的金佰利克拉克公司(Kimberly-Clark Corporation,Neenah,WI))清洁三次(并且最后一次清洁刚好发生在样品制备之前)来制备测量为5.1厘米(2英寸)长×3.8厘米(1.5英寸)宽×0.13厘米(0.050英寸)厚的不锈钢(SS)板用于测试。将粘合带切割成测量为1.27厘米(0.5英寸)宽且至少15厘米(6英寸)长的条,并且将其粘结至板,使得接触面积为1.27厘米×2.54厘米长。然后将2千克(4.5磅)橡胶辊在组件上前后滚动一次。将组件在23℃和50%相对湿度下平衡15分钟,然后将其转移到158℉(70℃)烘箱中,以2度的角竖直定位,并且通过延伸超出粘结区域的条带的剩余长度将500克砝码附接至组件。记录粘结失效的时间(分钟)。在1,200分钟后中断测试,如果没有失效则将结果记录为1200。对每个样品的三个样本进行测试并且对其取平均值以提供所报告的结果。
180度角剥离粘合强度
通过用甲基乙基酮和洁净薄纸(可以商品名KIMWIPE购得,购自威斯康辛州尼纳的金佰利克拉克公司(Kimberly-Clark Corporation,Neenah,WI))清洁三次(并且最后一次清洁刚好发生在样品制备之前)来制备测量为12.7厘米(5英寸)长×5.1厘米(2英寸)宽×0.13厘米(0.050英寸)厚的不锈钢(SS)板用于测试。将粘合带切割成测量为1.27厘米(0.5英寸)宽且至少20厘米(8英寸)长的条,并且将其粘结至板,使得接触面积为1.27厘米(0.5英寸)×大约15.2厘米(6英寸)长。然后将2千克(4.5磅)橡胶辊在组件上前后滚动两次。将组件在23℃和50%相对湿度下平衡15分钟,然后测试。使用剥离测试仪(型号IMASS SP-200Slip/Peel Tester,购自马萨诸塞州Accord的爱玛施股份有限公司(IMASS,Incorporated,Accord,MA)),以5秒的平均时间以180度的角度并以305毫米/分钟(12英寸/分钟)的速率进行剥离测试。评估两个样品并且以盎司力/0.5英寸记录结果并且转化成盎司力/英寸(牛顿/分米)。
拉伸储能模量(E’)的测定
使用来自TA仪器公司(TA Instruments)的DMAQ800在拉伸模式下通过动态力学分析(DMA)对一些膜和粘合剂进行分析,以将每个样品的物理特性表征为温度的函数。将矩形样品(宽6.2mm且厚度0.05mm至0.07mm)夹持到17mm至19mm长度的仪器的膜张力夹钳中。关闭加热炉并且将温度平衡在-50℃下并保持5分钟。然后将温度以2℃/min从-50℃阶升至50℃,同时将样品以1Hz的频率和0.1%的恒定应变振荡。在25℃下的拉伸储能模量(E’)以MPa记录。
具有压敏粘合剂的着色的多层膜
基础浆料1-2的制备
基础浆料1通过按顺序混合下表1中所示的量的组分来制备。将丙烯酸类单体、交联剂、紫外光吸收剂(UVA)以及光引发剂在1加仑(3.79升)玻璃广口瓶中组合并且使用高剪切电动马达混合以提供均匀的混合物。接着,然后在约三分钟的时间段内,一边搅拌一边添加B60H。接着是进一步高速混合,直到获得均匀的粘稠溶液。然后在9.9英寸(252毫米)汞柱的真空下脱气十分钟。向浆料中添加XP 2617,然后立即进行涂覆。
使用表1所示的量以与基础浆料1相同的方式制备基础浆料2。
表1:基础浆料制剂(重量份)
着色浆料1-2的制备
通过将期望量的基础浆料2添加到1夸脱(0.95升)玻璃广口瓶中,然后添加颜料,以份/100份(pph)基础浆料计,如表2所示,来制备着色浆料。然后使用1.5英寸科勒斯(Cowles)叶片将着色浆料在3,000转/分钟(rpm)下混合5分钟。
表2:着色浆料制剂
浆料标识 | 颜料 | 颜料载量(pph) |
黑色颜料浆料1 | 黑色颜料1 | 6 |
红色颜料浆料1 | 红色颜料1 | 5 |
实施例1
使用缺口棒涂布机以0.0005英寸(13微米)的厚度将基础浆料1涂覆到1080CF1的与具有压敏粘合剂层的侧面相反的表面上,并且使其与PET 1密切接触。通过将PET 1表面暴露于UVA能量300秒,以使总UVA能量为1800毫焦耳/平方厘米来固化浆料。移除PET 1,得到在一个外表面上具有压敏粘合剂且在另一个外表面上具有丙烯酸类/PVB膜层的柔性多层制品。此制品具有光滑的有光泽的表面和纹理化的双色调金属无烟煤色外观。
实施例2
使用缺口棒涂布机以0.0005(13微米)的厚度将基础浆料1涂覆到1080BR的与具有压敏粘合剂层的侧面相反的表面上,并且使其与PET 1密切接触。如实施例1中所述将浆料暴露于UVA能量。移除PET 1,得到在一个外表面上具有压敏粘合剂且在另一个外表面上具有丙烯酸类/PVB膜层的柔性多层制品。此制品具有光滑的有光泽的表面和刷制的金属钢青色外观。
实施例3
将黑色颜料浆料1用刮板涂覆到与1080CF2的具有压敏粘合剂层的侧面相反的表面上,并且使其与PET 1密切接触。如实施例1中所述将浆料暴露于UVA能量。移除PET 1,得到在一个外表面上具有压敏粘合剂且在另一个外表面上具有丙烯酸类/PVB膜层的柔性多层制品。制品具有光滑的有光泽的表面以及在其中具有黑色边界的灰色晶格构造外观。
实施例4
将红色颜料浆料1用刮板涂覆到1080CF1的与具有压敏粘合剂层的侧面相反的表面上。然后在缺口棒涂布机上以0.002英寸(51微米)的厚度用基础浆料1进一步再次涂覆此涂覆制品,并且使其与PET 1密切接触。如实施例1中所述将浆料暴露于UVA能量。移除PET1,得到在一个外表面上具有压敏粘合剂且在另一个外表面上具有丙烯酸类/PVB膜层的柔性多层制品。该制品具有光滑的有光泽的表面和纹理化的双色调金属紫色外观。
基础浆料3-5的制备
使用表3所示的量以与基础浆料1相同的方式制备基础浆料3-5。
表3:基础浆料制剂(重量份)
着色浆料的制备
通过将基础浆料添加到1夸脱(0.95升)玻璃广口瓶中,然后添加颜料,以份/100份(pph)基础浆料计,如表4所示,来制备着色浆料。然后使用1.5英寸科勒斯叶片将着色浆料在3,000转/分钟(rpm)下混合5分钟。
表4:着色浆料制剂
笔记本参考 | 浆料标识 | 基础浆料 | 颜料 | 颜料载量(pph) |
98C4 | 黑色颜料浆料2 | 4 | 黑色颜料2 | 3.0 |
MK-B2 | 黑色颜料浆料3 | 3 | 黑色颜料2 | 2.5 |
98C9 | 白色颜料浆料1 | 4 | 白色颜料 | 15 |
98C5 | 蓝色颜料浆料 | 4 | 蓝色颜料 | 10 |
A4-24 | 白色颜料浆料2 | 6 | 白色颜料 | 10 |
闪光剂浆料的制备
通过将基础浆料添加到1夸脱(0.95升)玻璃广口瓶中,然后添加闪光剂,以份/100份(pph)基础浆料计,如表5所示,来制备闪光剂浆料。然后使用1.5英寸科勒斯叶片将闪光剂浆料在3,000转/分钟(rpm)下混合5分钟。
表5:闪光剂浆料制剂
浆料标识 | 基础浆料 | 闪光剂ID | 闪光剂载量(pph) |
蓝色闪光剂浆料 | 5 | 蓝色闪光剂 | 15 |
红色闪光剂浆料 | 6 | 红色闪光剂 | 15 |
实施例5
使用具有比两个衬垫的组合厚度大0.002英寸(51微米)的间隙设置的双辊涂布机将黑色颜料浆料2涂覆在纹理化纸1与BOPP 1之间。通过将BOPP 1表面暴露于UVA能量228秒,以使总UVA能量为912毫焦耳/平方厘米来固化浆料。移除纹理化纸1,得到在固化的丙烯酸类/PVB膜的暴露表面上具有纹理化表面的双层着色制品。然后使用缺口棒涂布机以0.002英寸(51微米)的厚度将PS90涂覆到暴露的BOPP 1表面上并且在70℃下干燥15分钟。获得在一个外表面上具有压敏粘合剂且在另一个外表面上具有结构化的丙烯酸类/PVB膜层的柔性黑色多层制品。
实施例6
使用缺口棒涂布机以0.002英寸(51微米)的厚度将白色颜料浆料1涂覆到PET 2上,并且用刮板将蓝色颜料浆料涂覆到纹理化纸2上。使用双辊涂布站使用比未涂覆衬垫的组合厚度大0.002英寸(51微米)的间隙设置使两个涂覆衬垫密切接触。通过将PET 2表面暴露于UVA能量228秒,以使总UVA能量为1368毫焦耳/平方厘米来固化浆料。移除纹理化纸2,得到具有双色调(白色和蓝色)着色外观和在固化的丙烯酸类/PVB膜的暴露表面上的纹理化表面的三层制品。然后将PS90涂覆到暴露的PET 2表面上,如实施例5中所述。获得在一个外表面上具有压敏粘合剂且在另一个外表面上具有结构化的丙烯酸类/PVB膜层的柔性双色调着色的多层制品。
实施例7
使用缺口棒涂布机以0.005英寸(127微米)的厚度将黑色颜料浆料3涂覆到BOPP 1上,并且使用缺口棒涂布机以0.004英寸(102微米)的厚度将蓝色闪光剂浆料涂覆到PET 1上。然后使用具有0.0136英寸(345微米)的总间隙设置的双辊涂布站使两个涂覆衬垫密切接触,并且使其暴露于总UVA能量,如实施例6中所述。移除PET 1,得到具有有光泽的闪光外观的三层制品。然后将PS90涂覆到暴露的BOPP 1表面上,如实施例5中所述。获得在一侧上具有丙烯酸类/PVB膜(其具有有光泽的闪光外观)并且在另一侧上具有压敏粘合剂的柔性多层制品。
实施例8
使用刮板将白色颜料浆料2涂覆到纹理化纸3上。通过暴露于60毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量约5秒将涂覆组合物部分固化。照射之后,用红色闪光剂浆料涂覆丙烯酸类/PVB膜的暴露表面,并且使用具有比BOPP 1和涂覆的纹理化纸3的组合厚度大0.002英寸(51微米)的间隙设置的双辊涂布站用BOPP 1覆盖红色闪光剂浆料。然后通过将BOPP 1表面暴露于1368毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量使浆料固化。然后将PS90涂覆到暴露的BOPP 1表面上,如实施例5中所述。获得具有双色调(红色和白色)结构化表面且在一个外表面上具有压敏粘合剂的柔性多层制品。
具有压敏粘合剂的丙烯酸类膜
基础浆料制备
使用表6所示的量以与基础浆料1相同的方式制备基础浆料7。
表6:基础浆料制剂(重量份)
粘合剂浆料制备
粘合剂浆料1
通过以表7所示的量向一加仑(3.8升)广口瓶中装入IOA、AA和Irg651,并且搅拌直到光引发剂溶解并且获得均匀混合物来制备粘合剂浆料1。通过藉由穿过广口瓶的盖子中的开口插入的管引入氮气并且剧烈鼓泡至少5分钟来将混合物脱气。在搅拌的同时,将混合物暴露于UVA光,直到形成具有被认为适于涂覆的粘度的预粘合剂浆料。在UV暴露之后,将空气引入广口瓶中。在预聚合之后,通过滚动过夜将0.1pph三嗪1混合到浆料中。
粘合剂浆料2
通过向一加仑(3.8升)广口瓶中装入1784克IOA、16.2克AA、360克IBOA、54克DPA、以及0.72克651光引发剂,并且搅拌直到光引发剂溶解并且获得均匀混合物来制备粘合剂浆料2。通过藉由穿过广口瓶的盖子中的开口插入的管引入氮气并且剧烈鼓泡至少5分钟来将混合物脱气。在搅拌的同时,将混合物暴露于UVA光,直到形成具有被认为适于涂覆的粘度的预粘合剂浆料。在UV暴露之后,将空气引入广口瓶中。接下来,将360克IBOA、4.32克Irg651、518.4克Reg 6108、以及1.35克Irg 1076添加到预粘合剂浆料中并且通过滚动过夜进行混合。
表7:粘合剂浆料制剂(重量份)
在25℃和1赫兹下测量固化的粘合剂浆料2的拉伸弹性模量并且测定为0.05MPa。
实施例9
使用缺口棒涂布机以0.002英寸(51微米)的厚度将基础浆料7涂覆到PET 1上。通过将浆料的开放表面在氮气惰性环境中暴露于大约90毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量而使浆料部分固化。在照射之后,使用缺口棒涂布机以0.002英寸(51微米)的厚度用粘合剂浆料1在暴露的丙烯酸类/PVB膜表面上涂覆丙烯酸类/PVB膜/PET 1组合,并且使粘合剂的开放表面在氮气惰性环境中暴露于958毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量。移除PET 1之后,获得具有丙烯酸类/PVB膜背衬的制品,该背衬在一侧上具有PSA。针对90度角剥离强度对此进行评估。
比较例1为具有0.0005英寸(12微米)厚聚酯膜(在每一侧上具有0.0027英寸(69微米)厚的粘合剂)、以及在每个粘合剂层上的聚涂覆的牛皮纸衬垫的双涂覆条带。粘合剂是通过在聚酯(而不是丙烯酸类/PVB)膜上涂覆并固化浆料而制备的与实施例9相同的组合物。如通过以下测试结果所证明的,与聚酯背衬相比,实施例9表现出更好的对丙烯酸类/PVB膜的粘合性。
表8
实施例10
使用缺口棒涂布机以0.002英寸(51微米)的厚度将基础浆料7涂覆到PET 3的第二样品上。通过将组合物的开放表面在氮气惰性环境中暴露于大约90毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量而使基础浆料7部分固化,以在PET 3上得到丙烯酸类/PVB膜。通过使用缺口棒涂布机以0.002英寸(51微米)的厚度将粘合剂浆料2涂覆到PET 3上来提供压敏粘合剂的第一层。使用具有0.008英寸(203微米)的总间隙设置的双辊涂布站使经过照射的丙烯酸类/PVB膜/PET 3组合与粘合剂浆料2涂覆的PET 3密切接触并且将其暴露于958毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量。获得具有按顺序为PET 3、PSA、丙烯酸类/PVB膜、以及PET 3的构造。接下来,移除与丙烯酸类膜接触的PET 3。通过使用缺口棒涂布机以0.002英寸(51微米)的厚度将粘合剂浆料2涂覆到PET 3上来提供压敏粘合剂的第二层,并且使用具有0.010英寸(254微米)的总间隙设置的双辊涂布站使其与丙烯酸类/PVB膜的暴露表面密切接触。通过暴露于958毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量使处于氮气惰性环境中的第二粘合剂的开放表面固化。
获得具有按顺序为PET 3、丙烯酸类PSA、丙烯酸类/PVB膜、丙烯酸类PSA、以及PET3的五层构造。移除两个PET 3剥离衬垫之后,获得具有丙烯酸类/PVB膜背衬的制品,该背衬在两侧上具有PSA。针对剪切强度和180度角剥离强度对此进行评估。评估两侧上的粘合剂层。
根据测试方法2和3测试条带样品的剪切和剥离特性。结果在表9中示出。
表9:含PSA制品的剥离和剪切结果
NA:不适用
具有微结构化的压敏粘合剂的丙烯酸类膜
基础浆料制备
使用表10所示的量以与基础浆料1相同的方式制备基础浆料8和9。
表10:基础浆料制剂(重量份)
粘合剂浆料制备
通过以表11所示的量将EHA、AA、IBOA、DPA和Irg 651在一夸脱(0.95升)广口瓶中组合,并且搅拌直到光引发剂溶解并且获得均匀混合物来制备粘合剂浆料3-8。通过藉由穿过广口瓶的盖子中的开口插入的管引入氮气并且剧烈鼓泡至少5分钟来将混合物脱气。在搅拌的同时,将混合物暴露于UVA光,直到形成具有被认为适于涂覆的粘度的预粘合剂浆料。在UV暴露之后,将空气引入广口瓶中。接下来,将0.67克Irg 651添加到预粘合剂浆料中并通过滚动过夜混合。
表11:粘合剂浆料制剂(重量份)
粘合剂浆料 | EHA | IBOA | AA | DPA | Irg 651 |
3 | 88.2 | 2.9 | 6.9 | 2.0 | 0.04 |
4 | 86.5 | 2.9 | 6.7 | 3.8 | 0.04 |
5 | 83.3 | 2.8 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 0.04 |
6 | 85.3 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 2.0 | 0.04 |
7 | 83.6 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 3.8 | 0.04 |
8 | 80.5 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 0.04 |
实施例11
使用缺口棒涂布机以0.003英寸(76微米)的厚度将粘合剂浆料3涂覆到纹理化纸4上。将处于氮气惰性环境中的浆料的开放表面暴露于385毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量。照射之后,使用双辊涂布站,使用具有比PET3和涂覆的纹理化纸4衬垫的组合厚度大0.002英寸(51微米)的间隙设置,用基础浆料8涂覆粘合剂浆料3的暴露表面并用PET 3覆盖。通过将PET 3表面暴露于1824毫焦耳/平方厘米的总UVA能量使基础浆料固化。获得具有按顺序为PET 3、丙烯酸类/PVB膜、丙烯酸类PSA、以及纹理化纸4的四层构造。移除PET 3剥离衬垫和纹理化纸4之后,获得具有丙烯酸类/PVB膜的制品,该背衬在一侧上具有PSA。针对180度角剥离强度对此进行评估。
实施例12
重复实施例11,其中修改如下。使用粘合剂浆料4替代粘合剂浆料3。
实施例13
重复实施例11,其中修改如下。使用粘合剂浆料5替代粘合剂浆料3。
实施例14
重复实施例11,其中修改如下。使用粘合剂浆料6替代粘合剂浆料3。
实施例15
重复实施例11,其中修改如下。使用粘合剂浆料7替代粘合剂浆料3。
实施例16
重复实施例11,其中修改如下。使用粘合剂浆料8替代粘合剂浆料3。
实施例17
重复实施例11,其中修改如下。使用粘合剂浆料8替代粘合剂浆料3并且使用基础浆料9替代基础浆料8。
表12:180度角剥离粘合强度
使用以下测试方法评估由基础浆料7制备的实施例9的相应的膜、丙烯酸类/PVB膜的形态、透射率、雾度以及透明度。测试结果记录在下表13中。
使用BYK Haze-gard plus,目录号4725测量透射率、雾度和透明度。
通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行的形态表征
样品形态的分析表征通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行。在横截面上对所有膜样品成像。
样品制备
如下使用室温超薄切片术制备膜样品:1)使用外科手术刀片从膜样品上切割大致1/4”×1/2”的切片。将这些切片嵌入Scotchcast#5电气树脂中。使嵌入样品室温固化过夜;2)使用金刚石刀通过超薄切片术(Leica FC7)切割嵌入膜的薄片(以横截面形式)。片厚度取决于样品从110nm至150nm变化。切割速度为0.15mm/sec;3)将薄片浮到蒸馏/去离子水上,然后收集到标准TEM样品网格上:支撑在3mm直径、150目Cu网格上的碳/聚醋酸甲基乙烯脂膜。
成像
通过TEM(FEI Osiris,200kv场发射TEM)对制备的薄切片成像。放大倍数范围为450X至20,000X(仪器放大倍数)。使用各种成像模式对形态进行表征。在下文对它们进行简单描述:
TEM:常规透射电子显微镜法是其中电子束透射穿过超薄样本(在这种情况下为110–150nm),从而与其所透射穿过的样本相互作用的显微镜技术。作为电子/样品相互作用的结果形成图像。在此处所用的较低放大倍数下,TEM图像衬度主要由于材料的厚度、结构和组成中的变化造成。
STEM:扫描透射电子显微镜法。TEM中的另选成像模式:在这种情况下,电子束以与SEM图像中大部分相同的方式光栅化,但是具有显著较小的探针尺寸。此成像模式的探针尺寸在0.5nm至5nm的范围内。
HAADF:大角环形暗场成像模式。通过用环形暗场检测器将散射的(相对于透射的)电子收集起来而形成HAADF图像。形成图像的大角无内聚性的散射电子对于平均原子数的变化高度敏感,因此这些图像中的衬度是在组成上敏感的。HAADF成像模式也称为Z-衬度(Z-contrast)成像。
表13
Claims (23)
1.一种膜,包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物,所述聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物包含具有下式的聚合单元
其中R1为氢或C1-C7烷基基团;并且
其中粘合剂组合物的层靠近所述膜设置,并且所述粘合剂组合物具有在25℃和1赫兹下小于1MPa的拉伸弹性模量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中所述粘合剂组合物具有小于25℃或小于0℃的Tg。
3.根据权利要求1至2所述的膜,其中所述粘合剂组合物为压敏粘合剂,所述压敏粘合剂具有在25℃和1赫兹下小于0.9MPa的拉伸弹性模量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中所述膜为粘合剂涂覆的片材或条带的背衬。
5.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中所述膜还包括靠近所述基膜的第二背衬。
6.根据权利要求5所述的膜,其中所述第二背衬包括选自聚合物膜、织造或非织造织物、金属箔、泡沫、纸、以及它们的组合的基底。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的膜,其中所述膜和/或所述第二背衬为可适形的聚合物膜。
8.根据权利要求1至7所述的膜,其中所述粘合剂组合物为丙烯酸类粘合剂组合物。
9.根据权利要求1至8所述的膜,其中所述粘合剂层是结构化的。
10.根据权利要求1至9所述的膜,其中所述膜包括结构化层。
11.根据权利要求1至10所述的膜,还包括设置在所述膜的外暴露表面上的剥离涂层。
12.根据权利要求1至10所述的膜,还包括覆盖所述粘合剂层的可移除剥离衬垫。
13.根据权利要求1至12所述的膜,其中所述膜具有至少30℃的Tg。
14.根据权利要求1至13所述的膜,其中所述膜具有至少20%的凝胶含量。
15.根据权利要求1至14所述的膜,其中所述膜具有在25℃和1赫兹下至少1MPa的拉伸弹性模量。
16.根据权利要求1至15所述的膜,其中所述膜包含至少10重量%、15重量%、20重量%或25重量%的具有小于0℃的Tg的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元。
17.根据权利要求16所述的膜,其中所述膜包含具有小于0℃的Tg的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元。
18.根据权利要求16至17所述的膜,其中所述膜包含单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合单元,所述单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体具有含8个碳原子的烷基基团。
19.根据权利要求1至18所述的膜,其中所述膜包含至少10重量%、15重量%或20重量%且不大于65重量%的极性单体的聚合单元。
20.根据权利要求18所述的膜,其中极性单体选自酸官能单体、羟基官能单体、含氮单体以及它们的组合。
21.根据权利要求1至20所述的膜,其中所述膜包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
22.根据权利要求1至21所述的膜,其中所述膜还包含多官能交联剂的聚合单元,其中所述交联剂包含选自(甲基)丙烯酸酯、烯基和羟基反应性基团的官能团。
23.根据权利要求1至22所述的膜,其中所述膜的所述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物和聚乙烯醇缩醛聚合物组合物具有单相。
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CN108472936B (zh) | 2020-10-27 |
JP2019506473A (ja) | 2019-03-07 |
EP3393798B1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
JP7030054B2 (ja) | 2022-03-04 |
KR20180108599A (ko) | 2018-10-04 |
US10344188B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
US20180346762A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
EP3393798A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
WO2017112537A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
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