CN107847328A - 可伸展植入物 - Google Patents

可伸展植入物 Download PDF

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CN107847328A
CN107847328A CN201680039361.4A CN201680039361A CN107847328A CN 107847328 A CN107847328 A CN 107847328A CN 201680039361 A CN201680039361 A CN 201680039361A CN 107847328 A CN107847328 A CN 107847328A
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pivot axis
vertebra
around
vertebra contact
pivotally coupled
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CN107847328B (zh
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D.托姆门
J.里奇特
P.森恩
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Medos International SARL
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/442Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
    • A61F2/4425Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient made of articulated components
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/4455Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
    • A61F2/447Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages substantially parallelepipedal, e.g. having a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30537Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable
    • A61F2002/3055Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable for adjusting length
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30537Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable
    • A61F2002/30556Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable for adjusting thickness
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/442Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
    • A61F2/4425Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient made of articulated components
    • A61F2002/443Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient made of articulated components having two transversal endplates and at least one intermediate component
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0004Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable
    • A61F2250/0008Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable for adjusting a position by translation along an axis or two perpendicular axes

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种椎间植入物,该椎间植入物包括框架,所述框架包括端部构件和围绕第一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述端部构件的中间构件。所述椎间植入物包括围绕基本上垂直于所述第一枢转轴线的第二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架的第一脊椎接触构件和联接到所述框架的第二脊椎接触构件。所述框架被构造成使得相对于所述端部构件围绕所述第一枢转轴线枢转所述中间构件既改变相对于基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的方向的所述第一脊椎接触构件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的宽度,也改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向的所述第一脊椎接触构件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的高度。

Description

可伸展植入物
技术领域
本申请大体涉及医疗装置。更具体地,本申请涉及用于治疗脊柱的装置、套件和方法。
背景技术
人体脊柱是由多块称为脊椎的骨头形成的柔性承重柱。通常,人体脊柱包括分为五个区域(颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、骶骨和尾骨)的三十三块脊椎。沿着头尾方向顺着脊柱下移,通常有七块颈椎、十二块胸椎、五块腰椎、五块骶椎和四块尾椎。
人体脊椎和相关联的结缔组分容易受到可导致疼痛和残疾的各种疾病和病症的影响。这些疾病和病症包括椎关节强硬、脊椎前移、脊椎不稳、脊柱狭窄、椎间盘退变和椎间盘突出。脊椎和相关联的结缔组分也容易受伤,包括骨折和韧带撕裂,且还有可能忍受手术操作(包括椎板切除术)以减轻脊髓或附近神经上的压力。
与疾病和病症有关的疼痛和残疾通常由全部或部分脊椎从脊柱剩余部分的移位而引起。脊柱融合是旨在将移位的脊椎恢复到正常位置并将先前移位的脊椎固定在脊柱内的外科手术。在脊柱融合手术期间,将脊椎融合在一起,使得融合的脊椎之间不再发生相对运动。通常,脊柱融合手术包括移除受损的椎间盘并恢复融合的脊椎之间的间隔,由此消除不稳定性,并且移除由于疾病或病症而引起疼痛的神经元上的压力。脊柱融合手术还可包括在脊椎(例如相邻脊椎)之间植入椎间植入物,以再现先前由损坏的和现在移除的椎间盘提供的相邻脊椎之间的自然椎间隙。
椎间植入物和与植入椎间植入物相关联的技术通常涉及开放式外科手术。开放式外科手术是其中患者体内的切口尺寸足以允许在外科医生的直视下进行外科手术的任何外科技术。换句话讲,所涉及的结构和组织可被看到和摸到,并且直接暴露于空气。开放式外科手术可导致成本更高,住院时间过长,及术后疼痛增加。
开放式外科手术的替代方法是微创外科手术,例如涉及内窥镜技术的外科手术。微创外科手术通常包括通过一个或多个小切口进入病理部位,以达到保护介入组织的完整性的目的。与开放式外科手术相比,微创外科手术可使得术后疼痛减少,术后恢复时间缩短,以及对健康组织的损伤减少。
微创外科技术对于脊柱和神经外科应用是特别理想的,因为需要进入身体深处的位置,并且存在对至关重要的介入组织造成损伤的危险。例如,这种微创技术可用于脊柱椎间盘切除术或椎间盘摘除术和其中将两个或更多个脊椎融合在一起以阻止它们之间的运动的脊柱融合。
然而,在使用椎间植入物的微创脊柱融合手术中,患者体内开口的尺寸必须足够大以适应椎间植入物的最大尺寸。另外,椎间植入物的最大尺寸可限制可供外科医生在微创脊柱融合手术期间使用的入路。本公开解决了现有技术的这些和其他缺点。
发明内容
根据本公开的一个方面,本申请公开一种植入物,所述植入物包括框架,所述框架包括端部构件和围绕第一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述端部构件的中间构件。所述植入物包括围绕基本上垂直于所述第一枢转轴线的第二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架的第一脊椎接触构件,所述第一脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第一脊椎的面。所述植入物包括联接到所述框架的第二脊椎接触构件,所述第二脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第二脊椎的面。所述框架被构造成使得相对于所述端部构件围绕所述第一枢转轴线枢转所述中间构件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的方向的所述第一脊椎接触构件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的宽度。所述框架还被构造成使得相对于所述框架围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转所述第一脊椎接触构件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向的所述第一脊椎接触构件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的高度。
根据本公开的一个方面,本申请公开一种植入物,所述植入物包括框架,所述框架包括端部构件和围绕第一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述端部构件的中间构件。所述植入物包括围绕基本上垂直于所述第一枢转轴线的第二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架的第一脊椎接触构件,所述第一脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第一脊椎的面。所述植入物包括联接到所述框架的第二脊椎接触构件,所述第二脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第二脊椎的面。所述框架被构造成使得相对于所述端部构件围绕所述第一枢转轴线枢转所述中间构件改变所述第一脊椎接触构件的宽度,所述宽度是沿着基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的直线测量的。所述框架还被构造成使得相对于所述框架围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转所述第一脊椎接触构件改变沿着基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线从所述第一脊椎接触构件的所述面到所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述面测量的高度。
根据本公开的一个方面,一种植入物包括第一脊椎接触构件和第二脊椎接触构件,所述第一脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第一脊椎的面,所述第二脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第二脊椎的面。所述植入物包括框架,所述框架包括端部构件、中间构件、第一联动装置和第二联动装置,所述第一联动装置将所述端部构件枢转地联接到所述中间构件,使得所述端部构件和所述中间构件能够相对于彼此围绕彼此平行的第一对枢转轴线枢转,所述第二联动装置将所述中间构件枢转地联接到所述第一脊椎接触构件,使得所述中间构件和所述第一脊椎接触构件能够相对于彼此围绕彼此平行并且垂直于所述第一对枢转轴线的第二对枢转轴线枢转。所述第一对枢转轴线分开沿着基本上平行于所述第二对枢转轴线的直线测量的第一距离,所述第二对枢转轴线分开沿着基本上平行于所述第一对枢转轴线的直线测量的第二距离,并且所述第一距离大于所述第二距离。
附图说明
上述发明内容以及以下对本申请的例示性实施方案的详细说明在结合附图阅读时能够得到更好地理解。出于例示本公开的目的,附图中示出了一些例示性实施方案。然而,应当理解,本申请并非仅限于所公开的具体实施方案和方法,且为此参考权利要求书。在附图中:
图1为脊柱区域的后侧视图;
图2为根据本公开的一个方面的椎间植入物的等轴视图,所述椎间植入物被植入到图1所示的脊柱区域中;
图3A为根据本公开的一个方面的图2所示的椎间植入物的等轴视图,所述椎间植入物处于一个构型;
图3B为图3A所示的椎间植入物的另一个等轴视图;
图3C为图3A所示的椎间植入物的侧正视图;
图3D为图3A所示的椎间植入物的俯视平面图;
图4A为图3A所示的椎间植入物的等轴视图,所述椎间植入物处于另一个构型;
图4B为图4A所示的椎间植入物的俯视平面图;
图5A为图3A所示的椎间植入物的等轴视图,所述椎间植入物处于另一个构型;
图5B为图5A所示的椎间植入物的侧正视图;
图6A为根据本公开的一个方面的图2所示的椎间植入物的等轴视图,所述椎间植入物处于一个构型;
图6B为图6A所示的椎间植入物的另一个等轴视图;
图6C为图6A所示的椎间植入物的前正视图,所述椎间植入物处于另一个构型;
图7A为根据本公开的一个方面的图2所示的椎间植入物的等轴视图,所述椎间植入物处于一个构型;
图7B为图7A所示的椎间植入物的另一个等轴视图;
图7C为图7A所示的椎间植入物的侧正视图,所述椎间植入物处于另一个构型;
图7D为图7C所示的椎间植入物的另一个侧正视图;
图8A为根据本公开的一个方面的促动器的等轴视图;
图8B为沿着线8B-8B的图8A所示的促动器以及椎间植入物的第一端部构件的横截面图;
图8C为沿着线8B-8B的图8A所示的促动器以及椎间植入物的第一端部构件的横截面图;
图8D为图8A所示的促动器的俯视平面图;
图8E为根据本公开的另一个方面的促动器的俯视平面图;
图8F为根据本公开的另一个方面的处于一个构型的促动器的侧正视图;
图8G为处于另一个构型的图8G所示的促动器的侧正视图;
图9为根据本公开的一个方面的植入物构建体的等轴视图,所述植入物构建体包括第一椎间植入物和第二椎间植入物;
图10A为根据本公开的一个方面的植入在椎间盘空间中的植入物构建体的俯视平面图;
图10B为根据本公开的另一个方面的植入在椎间盘空间中的植入物构建体的俯视平面图;
图11A为根据本公开的另一个方面的植入在椎间盘空间中的植入物构建体的侧正视图,所述植入物构建体包括第一椎间植入物和第二椎间植入物;
图11B为根据本公开的另一个方面的植入在椎间盘空间中的植入物构建体的侧正视图,所述植入物构建体包括第一椎间植入物、第二椎间植入物和第三椎间植入物。
具体实施方式
下列描述中所使用的某些术语仅为了方便起见且并非限制性的。词汇“右”、“左”、“下”和“上”指定附图中的方向,以此作为参照。词汇“朝近侧”和“朝远侧”分别是指朝向和远离使用医疗装置的外科医生的方向。词汇“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”以及相关的词汇和/或短语指定人体中的优选位置和取向,以此作为参照并且其并非是限制性的。术语包括以上列举的词汇、它们的派生词以及具有类似含义的词汇。
现在将参考附图详细地描述本公开的各方面,在附图中,除非另外指明,否则类似的参考编号自始至终指代类似的元件。下述说明所使用的某些术语仅为了方便起见且并非限制性的。本文所用的术语“多个”意指多于一个。结构的术语“一部分”和“至少一部分”包括整个结构。本文在单独实施方案的上下文中描述的本公开的某些特征也可以组合形式提供在单个实施方案中。反之,在单个实施方案的上下文中描述的本公开的各种特征也可单独地或以任何子组合形式提供。
本文所提及的第一结构枢转地联接到第二结构或者相对于第二结构枢转包括以下情形中的每种情形:1)第一结构枢转地联接到第二结构或者相对于第二结构枢转(使得第一结构运动而第二结构保持静止);2)第二结构枢转地联接到第一结构或者相对于第一结构枢转(使得第二结构运动而第一结构保持静止);和3)第一结构和第二结构两者枢转地联接到彼此或者相对于彼此枢转(使得第一结构和第二结构两者同时地或顺序地运动)。本文关于第一结构和第二结构所用的术语“枢转地联接”包括第一结构和第二结构两者直接联接(使得相应的枢转轴线穿过第一结构和第二结构两者),以及间接联接(使得除了穿过中间结构以外,相应的枢转轴线仅穿过第一结构和第二结构中的一者)。
参考例如待植入椎间植入物的人体,提供第一三维坐标系。第一三维坐标系包括头尾方向CC、垂直于头尾方向CC的内外方向ML以及垂直于头尾方向CC和内外方向ML两者的前后方向AP。头尾方向CC、内外方向ML和前后方向AP中的每个都是双向的。头尾方向CC包括头方向CC1和与头方向CC1相反的尾方向CC2。内外方向ML包括内方向和与内方向相反的外方向。前后方向AP包括前方向和与前方向相反的后方向。
还参考被构造成例如植入到人体中的医疗装置,提供第二三维坐标系。第二三维坐标系包括纵向L、垂直于纵向L的侧向A以及垂直于纵向L和侧向A两者的横向T。
参见图1,脊柱2(例如人体脊柱)可包括区域4,并且区域4包括上脊椎6、下脊椎8、椎间盘空间10、退出神经根12和横贯神经根14。根据本公开的一个方面,上脊椎6与下脊椎8相邻,下脊椎8沿尾方向CC2与上脊椎6分开,并且椎间盘空间10相对于头尾方向CC定位在上脊椎6与下脊椎8之间。此外,根据本公开的一个方面,退出神经根12相对于头尾方向CC从上脊椎6与下脊椎8之间的椎管16中出现,并且横贯神经根14相对于头尾方向CC穿过椎间盘空间10并在沿头方向CC2与下脊椎8分开的位置处从椎管16中出现。
区域4包括称为Kambin三角形18的区域。Kambin三角形18是定位在椎间盘空间10的背外侧部分之上的直角三角形。如所示实施方案所示,Kambin三角形18的斜边20由退出神经根12限定。Kambin三角形18的第一边22(也称为基部或宽度)由下脊椎8的上边界24限定,并且Kambin三角形18的第二边26(也称为高度)由横贯神经根14限定。
Kambin三角形18是在使用后外侧入路的微创椎间盘切除术期间使用的已知位点。使用后外侧入路可在椎间盘切除术期间保护与所述区域相邻的身体组织免受伤害。Kambin三角形18限定在椎间盘空间10处具有约5mm×约10mm的横截面进入窗的方法。由Kambin三角形18所施加的尺寸限制限制在后外侧入路中使用具有大于约5mm×约10mm的横截面占用面积的器械和植入物。此外,具有等于或小于约5mm×约10mm的横截面占用面积的植入物可能无法提供上脊椎6与下脊椎8之间的固体融合所需的稳定性。然而应当理解
参见图2,系统28包括植入物(例如椎间植入物30)和插入器械32。系统28可被构造成例如通过Kambin三角形18沿插入方向ID在椎间盘空间10中植入椎间植入物30。系统28还可被构造成使用任何其他入路将椎间植入物30植入到椎间盘空间10中,包括但不限于前部、前外侧、外侧、椎间孔外和后部。
参见图3A到图3D,椎间植入物30限定沿着纵向L测量的横截面长度L1、沿着侧向A测量的宽度W1和沿着横向T测量的高度H1。根据本公开的一个方面,长度L1是沿着沿纵向L的直线测量的椎间植入物30的最大尺寸,宽度W1是沿着沿侧向A的直线测量的椎间植入物30的最大尺寸,并且高度H1是沿着沿横向T的直线测量的椎间植入物30的最大尺寸。
参见图2和图3A,当插入方向ID与第二三维坐标系的方向中的一个对齐时,椎间植入物30限定由第二三维坐标系的另外两个剩余方向限定的最大横截面占用面积。根据本公开的一个实施方案,椎间植入物30被构造成被插入,使得纵向L与插入方向ID对齐,并且宽度W1和高度H1限定椎间植入物30的最大横截面占用面积。椎间植入物30可被构造成使得宽度W1和高度H1中的一者限定约10mm或以下的最大尺寸,并且宽度W1和高度H1中的另一者限定约5mm或以下的最大尺寸,使得椎间植入物30被构造成沿着通过Kambin三角形18的后外侧入路植入。由于Kambin三角形18是限制较多的入路中的一种,所以就在通过Kambin三角形18的入路中所使用的任何植入物的横截面尺寸而言,如果植入物(例如椎间植入物30)被构造成沿着通过Kambin三角形18的后外侧入路植入,则植入物也将被构造成沿着许多其他限制较少的入路植入。
参见图3A到图5B,椎间植入物30包括植入物主体34,植入物主体34限定前端36和沿着纵向L与前端36分开的相对的后端38。植入物主体34还包括沿着侧向A间隔开的相对的侧40。前端36沿向前的方向与后端38分开,并且后端38沿着与向前的方向相反的向后的方向与前端36分开,使得向前的方向和向后的方向组合起来限定纵向L。植入物主体34还包括第一脊椎接触构件42和基本上沿着横向T与第一脊椎接触构件42分开的第二脊椎接触构件44。根据所示实施方案,在第一构型中,主体34沿着纵向L伸长。
根据本公开的一个方面,植入物主体34还包括框架46,并且第一脊椎接触构件42枢转地联接到框架46,如下文所详述。框架46包括端部构件(例如第一端部构件48)和中间构件(例如枢转地联接到第一端部构件48的第一中间构件50)。如所示实施方案所示,第一端部构件48围绕第一枢转轴线P1枢转地联接到第一中间构件50。椎间植入物30可被取向成使得第一枢转轴线P1基本上平行于横向T。
椎间植入物30被构造成使得第一脊椎接触构件42围绕基本上垂直于第一枢转轴线P1的第二枢转轴线P2枢转地联接到框架46。本文所用的基本上垂直是指在制造公差内完全垂直或接近垂直的元件。椎间植入物30可被取向成使得第二枢转轴线P2基本上平行于侧向A。第一脊椎接触构件42限定被构造成直接接触脊椎(例如图1所示的上脊椎)的面52。第二脊椎接触构件44限定被构造成直接接触脊椎(例如图1所示的下脊椎)的面53。面52、面53或两者可为光滑的、粗糙的、带纹理的或带齿的,以有利于直接接触相应的脊椎。
根据本公开的一个方面,框架46可被构造成使得相对于第一端部构件48围绕第一枢转轴线枢转第一中间构件50改变相对于基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的方向的第一脊椎接触构件42与第二脊椎接触构件44之间的宽度W2。如所示实施方案所示,框架46可被构造成使得相对于第一端部构件48围绕第一枢转轴线枢转第一中间构件50改变相对于侧向A的第一脊椎接触构件42的一部分与第二脊椎接触构件44的一部分之间的宽度W2。
根据本公开的一个方面,框架46可被构造成使得相对于框架46围绕第二枢转轴线P2枢转第一脊椎接触构件42改变相对于基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的方向的第一脊椎接触构件42与第二脊椎接触构件44之间的高度H2。如所示实施方案所示,框架46可被构造成使得相对于框架46围绕第二枢转轴线P2枢转第一脊椎接触构件42改变相对于横向T的第一脊椎接触构件42的一部分与第二脊椎接触构件44的一部分之间的高度H2。
第二脊椎接触构件44可围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第三枢转轴线P3枢转地联接到框架46。框架46可被构造成使得相对于框架46围绕第三枢转轴线P3枢转第二脊椎接触构件44改变相对于基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的方向的第一脊椎接触构件42与第二脊椎接触构件44之间的高度H2。如所示实施方案所示,框架46可被构造成使得相对于框架46围绕第三枢转轴线P3枢转第二脊椎接触构件44改变相对于横向T的第一脊椎接触构件42的一部分与第二脊椎接触构件44的一部分之间的高度H2。
框架46可包括第二端部构件54和围绕基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的第四枢转轴线P4枢转地联接到第二端部构件54的第二中间构件56。框架46可被构造成使得相对于第二端部构件54围绕第四枢转轴线P4枢转第二中间构件56改变相对于基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的方向的第一脊椎接触构件42与第二脊椎接触构件44之间的宽度W2。如所示实施方案所示,框架46可被构造成使得相对于第二端部构件54围绕第四枢转轴线P4枢转第二中间构件56改变相对于侧向A的第一脊椎接触构件42的一部分与第二脊椎接触构件44的一部分之间的宽度W2。
如所示实施方案所示,第一脊椎接触构件42可包括第一脊椎接触部件58和相对于基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的方向与第一脊椎接触部件58分开的第二脊椎接触部件60。第一脊椎接触部件58可围绕第二枢转轴线P2枢转地联接到框架46,并且第二脊椎接触部件60可围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第五枢转轴线P5枢转地联接到框架46。根据本公开的一个方面,第二枢转轴线P2和第五枢转轴线P5是共线的。另选地,第二枢转轴线P2和第五枢转轴线P5相对于垂直于第二枢转轴线P2的方向(例如纵向L)偏移。
框架46可被构造成使得相对于框架46围绕第二枢转轴线P2枢转第一脊椎接触部件58改变相对于基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的方向在第一脊椎接触部件58与第二脊椎接触构件44之间测量的高度H3。框架46还可被构造成使得相对于框架46围绕第五枢转轴线P5枢转第二脊椎接触部件60改变相对于基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的方向的第二脊椎接触部件60与第二脊椎接触构件44之间的高度H4。高度H3可等于高度H4,如所示实施方案所示。另选地,高度H3可不同于(例如大于或小于)高度H4。
第二脊椎接触构件44可包括第一脊椎接触部件62和相对于基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的方向与第一脊椎接触部件62分开的第二脊椎接触部件64。第一脊椎接触部件62可围绕第三枢转轴线P3枢转地联接到框架46,并且第二脊椎接触部件64可围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第六枢转轴线P6枢转地联接到框架46。根据本公开的一个方面,第三枢转轴线P3和第六枢转轴线P6是共线的。另选地,第三枢转轴线P3和第六枢转轴线P6相对于垂直于第二枢转轴线P2的方向(例如纵向L)偏移。
框架46可被构造成使得相对于框架46围绕第三枢转轴线P3枢转第一脊椎接触部件62改变相对于基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的方向在第一脊椎接触部件58与第一脊椎接触构件62之间测量的高度H3。框架46还可被构造成使得相对于框架46围绕第六枢转轴线P6枢转第二脊椎接触部件64改变相对于基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的方向在第二脊椎接触部件60与第二脊椎接触构件64之间测量的高度H4。高度H3可等于高度H4,如所示实施方案所示。另选地,高度H3可不同于(例如大于或小于)高度H4。
根据本公开的一个方面的植入物主体34(例如框架46)包括多个联动装置。所述多个联动装置可包括第一联动装置66,第一联动装置66围绕第一枢转轴线P1枢转地联接到第一端部构件48,并且还围绕基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的第七枢转轴线P7枢转地联接到第一中间构件50。所述多个联动装置可包括第二联动装置68,第二联动装置68围绕第二枢转轴线P2枢转地联接到第一中间构件50,并且还围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第八枢转轴线P8枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触构件42。
所述多个联动装置可包括第三联动装置70,第三联动装置70围绕第三枢转轴线P3枢转地联接到第一中间构件50,并且还围绕基本上平行于第三枢转轴线P3的第九枢转轴线P9枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触构件44。所述多个联动装置可包括第四联动装置72,第四联动装置72围绕第四枢转轴线P4枢转地联接到第二端部构件54,并且还围绕基本上平行于第四枢转轴线P4的第十枢转轴线P10枢转地联接到第二中间构件。
所述多个联动装置可包括第五联动装置74,第五联动装置74围绕第五枢转轴线P5枢转地联接到第二中间构件56,并且还围绕基本上平行于第五枢转轴线P5的第十一枢转轴线P11枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触构件42。所述多个联动装置可包括第六联动装置76,第六联动装置76围绕第六枢转轴线P6枢转地联接到第二中间构件56,并且还围绕基本上平行于第六枢转轴线P6的第十二枢转轴线P12枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触构件44。
椎间植入物30可包括多个水平联动装置和多个垂直联动装置,所述多个水平联动装置围绕基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的一个或多个轴线枢转,所述多个垂直联动装置围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的一个或多个轴线枢转。如所示实施方案所示,所述多个水平联动装置包括第一联动装置66和第四联动装置72,并且所述多个垂直联动装置包括第二联动装置68、第三联动装置70、第五联动装置74和第六联动装置76。
如所示实施方案所示,第一中间构件50可包括第一中间部件78和沿着基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的方向与第一中间部件78分开的第二中间部件80。另选地,第二中间构件56可包括第一中间部件82和沿着基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的方向与第一中间部件82分开的第二中间部件84。
第一联动装置66可包括第一连杆86和第二连杆88。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆86既可以围绕第一枢转轴线P1枢转地联接到第一端部构件48,也可以围绕第七枢转轴线P7枢转地联接到第一中间构件50的第一中间部件78。第二连杆88既可以围绕基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的第十三枢转轴线P13枢转地联接到第一端部构件48,也可以围绕基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的第十四枢转轴线P14枢转地联接到第二中间部件80。
第一联动装置66还可包括第一销轴90、第二销轴92、第三销轴94和第四销轴96,第一销轴90将第一连杆86围绕第一枢转轴线P1枢转地联接到第一端部构件48,第二销轴92将第一连杆86围绕第七枢转轴线P7枢转地联接到第一中间部件78,第三销轴94将第二连杆88围绕第十三枢转轴线P13枢转地联接到第一端部构件48,第四销轴96将第二连杆88围绕第十四枢转轴线P14枢转地联接到第二中间部件80。
第二联动装置68可包括第一连杆98和第二连杆100。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆98既可以围绕第二枢转轴线P2枢转地联接到第一中间部件78,也可以围绕第八枢转轴线P8枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件58。第二连杆100既可以围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第十五枢转轴线P15枢转地联接到第二中间部件80,也可以围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第十六枢转轴线P16枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件60。
第二联动装置68还可包括第一销轴102、第二销轴104、第三销轴106和第四销轴108,第一销轴102将第一连杆98围绕第二枢转轴线P2枢转地联接到第一中间部件78,第二销轴104将第一连杆98围绕第八枢转轴线P8枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件58,第三销轴106将第二连杆100围绕第十五枢转轴线P15枢转地联接到第二中间部件80,第四销轴108将第二连杆100围绕第十六枢转轴线P16枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件60。
第三联动装置70可包括第一连杆110和第二连杆112。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆110既可以围绕第三枢转轴线P3枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,也可以围绕第九枢转轴线P9枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件62。第二连杆112既可以围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第十七枢转轴线P17枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,也可以围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第十八枢转轴线P18枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件64。
第三联动装置70还可包括第一销轴114、第二销轴116、第三销轴118和第四销轴120,第一销轴114将第一连杆110围绕第三枢转轴线P3枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,第二销轴116将第一连杆110围绕第九枢转轴线P9枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件62,第三销轴118将第二连杆112围绕第十七枢转轴线P17枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,第四销轴120将第二连杆112围绕第十八枢转轴线P18枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件64。
第四联动装置72可包括第一连杆122和第二连杆124。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆122既可以围绕第四枢转轴线P4枢转地联接到第二端部构件54,也可以围绕第十枢转轴线P10枢转地联接到第一中间部件82。第二连杆124既可以围绕基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的第十九枢转轴线P19枢转地联接到第二端部构件54,也可以围绕基本上平行于第一枢转轴线P1的第二十枢转轴线P20枢转地联接到第二中间部件84。
第四联动装置72还可包括第一销轴126、第二销轴128、第三销轴130和第四销轴132,第一销轴126将第一连杆122围绕第四枢转轴线P4枢转地联接到第二端部构件54,第二销轴128将第一连杆122围绕第十枢转轴线P10枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,第三销轴130将第二连杆124围绕第十九枢转轴线P19枢转地联接到第二端部构件54,第四销轴132将第二连杆124围绕第二十枢转轴线P20枢转地联接到第二中间部件84。
第五联动装置74可包括第一连杆134和第二连杆136。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆134既可以围绕第五枢转轴线P5枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,也可以围绕第十一枢转轴线P11枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件58。第二连杆136既可以围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第二十一枢转轴线P21枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,也可以围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第二十二枢转轴线P22枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件60。
第五联动装置74还可包括第一销轴138、第二销轴140、第三销轴142和第四销轴144,第一销轴138将第一连杆134围绕第五枢转轴线P5枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,第二销轴140将第一连杆134围绕第十一枢转轴线P11枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件58,第三销轴142将第二连杆136围绕第二十一枢转轴线P21枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,第四销轴144将第二连杆136围绕第二十二枢转轴线P22枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件60。
第六联动装置76可包括第一连杆146和第二连杆148。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆146既可以围绕第六枢转轴线P6枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,也可以围绕第十二枢转轴线P12枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件62。第二连杆148既可以围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第二十三枢转轴线P23枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,也可以围绕基本上平行于第二枢转轴线P2的第二十四枢转轴线P24枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件64。
第六联动装置76还可包括第一销轴150、第二销轴152、第三销轴154和第四销轴156,第一销轴150将第一连杆146围绕第六枢转轴线P6枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,第二销轴152将第一连杆146围绕第十二枢转轴线P12枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件62,第三销轴154将第二连杆148围绕第二十三枢转轴线P23枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,第四销轴156将第二连杆148围绕第二十四枢转轴线P24枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件64。
根据本公开的一个方面,枢转轴线P1到枢转轴线P24中的至少一者穿过所述销轴中的一者的中心。如所示实施方案所示,枢转轴线P1到枢转轴线P24中的每个穿过所述销轴中的一者的中心。
椎间植入物30还可包括促动器200,促动器200被构造成被促动,以将椎间植入物30从第一构型(例如如图3A到图3D所示)转变到第二构型(例如如图5A和图5B所示)。当纵向L与插入方向ID对齐时,最大宽度W1和最大高度H1限定椎间植入物30的最大横截面占用面积。根据本公开的一个方面,第一构型中的最大宽度W1小于第二构型中的最大宽度W1,并且第一构型中的最大高度H1小于第二构型中的最大高度H1。例如,在第一构型中,最大宽度W1小于或等于10mm,且最大高度H1小于或等于5mm,并且在第二构型中,最大宽度W1大于10mm,且最大高度H1大于5mm。
促动器200还可被构造成将椎间植入物30从第一构型转变到第三构型(例如如图4A和图4B所示),以及从第三构型转变到第二构型。根据本公开的一个方面,第三构型中的最大宽度W1大于第一构型中的最大宽度W1,并且第三构型中的最大高度H1基本上等于第一构型中的最大高度H1。此外,第三构型中的最大宽度W1可基本上等于第二构型中的最大宽度W1,并且第三构型中的最大高度H1可小于第二构型中的最大高度H1。例如,在第一构型中,最大宽度W1小于或等于10mm,且最大高度H1小于或等于5mm,在第三构型中,最大宽度W1大于10mm,且最大高度H1小于或等于5mm,并且在第二构型中,最大宽度W1大于10mm,且最大高度H1大于5mm。
促动器200可被构造成对第一端部构件48和第二端部构件54施加压缩力,使得所述压缩力例如通过中间第三构型将椎间植入物30从第一构型转变到第二构型。如所示实施方案所示,促动器200包括沿着中心轴线204伸长的促动螺杆202,并且促动螺杆202包括外表面206,外表面206包括外表面206的至少一部分上的外螺纹208。根据本公开的一个方面,促动螺杆202限定沿着中心轴线204测量的固定长度。
促动螺杆202可被固定到框架46,使得促动螺杆202能够相对于第一端部构件48和第二端部构件54两者围绕中心轴线204旋转。促动螺杆202还可被固定到框架46,使得中心轴线204平行于纵向L,促动螺杆202相对于第一端部构件48和第二端部构件54中的一者平移地固定,并且能够相对于第一端部构件48和第二端部构件54中的另一者平移。
根据本公开的一个方面,促动螺杆202被构造成围绕中心轴线204旋转,使得外螺纹208接合第一端部构件48和第二端部构件54中的一个。例如,第一端部构件48可包括与促动螺杆202的外螺纹208螺纹配合的内螺纹(图中未示出)。第二端部构件54可连接(例如轴颈连接)到促动螺杆202,使得促动螺杆202可相对于第二端部构件54围绕中心轴线204自由地旋转,并且促动螺杆202沿着平行于促动螺杆202的方向相对于第二端部构件54固定,或者不能沿着平行于促动螺杆202的方向相对于第二端部构件54平移。
促动器200可包括锁定机构210,锁定机构210被构造成在锁定构型中阻止促动器200的促动。锁定机构210还可被构造成使得在解锁构型中,锁定机构210不阻止促动器200的促动。如所示实施方案所示,锁定机构210可包括螺母,所述螺母具有被构造成与促动螺杆202的外螺纹208配合的内螺纹(图中未示出)。在解锁构型中,锁定机构210与植入物主体34的第一端部构件48间隔开,使得促动器200能够促动以使第一端部构件48沿着纵向L朝向或远离第二端部构件54运动。在解锁构型中,锁定机构210邻接第一端部构件48,使得促动器200不能促动以使第一构件48沿着纵向L远离第二端部构件54运动。
参见图1到图5B,在使用中,促动器200被构造成被促动,由此根据牛顿第三运动定律沿着纵向L对第一端部构件48和第二端构件54施加压缩力F。参见图3A到图3D,当椎间植入物30处于如图所示的第一构型时,压缩力F相对于第一端部构件48枢转第一中间构件50。根据一个实施方案,压缩力F相对于第一端部构件48围绕第一枢转轴线P1和第七枢转轴线P7两者枢转第一中间部件78。压缩力F还相对于第一端部构件48围绕第十三枢转轴线P13和第十四枢转轴线P14两者枢转第二中间部件80,由此增加第一中间部件78与第二中间部件80之间的距离,所述距离是沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的。
第一端部构件48和第一中间构件50可限定多个止动表面,所述多个止动表面被构造成邻接以阻止相对于彼此的进一步枢转。如所示实施方案所示,第一端部构件48和第一中间部件78共同限定第一对止动表面160,并且第一端部构件48和第二中间部件80共同限定第二对止动表面162。
根据本公开的一个方面,第一脊椎接触部件58和第二脊椎接触部件60分别与第一中间部件78和第二中间部件80联接,使得随着第一中间部件78与第二中间部件80之间的距离增加,沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的第一脊椎接触部件58与第二脊椎接触部件60之间的距离也增加。
第一脊椎接触部件62和第二脊椎接触部件64可分别与第一中间部件78和第二中间部件80联接,使得随着第一中间部件78与第二中间部件80之间的距离增加,沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的第一脊椎接触部件62与第二脊椎接触部件64之间的距离也增加。
第一脊椎接触部件58和第二脊椎接触部件60可分别与第一中间部件78和第二中间部件80联接,并且第一脊椎接触部件62和第二脊椎接触部件64可分别与第一中间部件78和第二中间部件80联接,使得随着第一中间部件78与第二中间部件80之间的距离增加,相对于侧向A并且沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的第一脊椎接触部件58与第二脊椎接触部件64之间的距离也增加。
压缩力F还可相对于第二端部构件54枢转第二中间构件56。根据一个实施方案,压缩力F相对于第二端部构件54围绕第四枢转轴线P4和第十枢转轴线P10两者枢转第一中间部件82。压缩力F还相对于第二端部构件54围绕第十九枢转轴线P19和第二十枢转轴线P20两者枢转第二中间部件84,由此增加第一中间部件82与第二中间部件84之间的距离,所述距离是沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的。
第二端部构件54和第二中间构件56可限定多个止动表面,所述多个止动表面被构造成邻接以阻止相对于彼此的进一步枢转。如所示实施方案所示,第二端部构件54和第一中间部件82共同限定第三对止动表面164,并且第二端部构件54和第二中间部件84共同限定第四对止动表面166。
根据本公开的一个方面,第一脊椎接触部件58和第二脊椎接触部件60分别与第一中间部件82和第二中间部件84联接,使得随着第一中间部件82与第二中间部件84之间的距离增加,沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的第一脊椎接触部件58与第二脊椎接触部件60之间的距离也增加。
第一脊椎接触部件62和第二脊椎接触部件64可分别与第一中间部件82和第二中间部件84联接,使得随着第一中间部件82与第二中间部件84之间的距离增加,沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的第一脊椎接触部件62与第二脊椎接触部件64之间的距离也增加。
第一脊椎接触部件58和第二脊椎接触部件60可分别与第一中间部件82和第二中间部件84联接,并且第一脊椎接触部件62和第二脊椎接触部件64可分别与第一中间部件82和第二中间部件84联接,使得随着第一中间部件82与第二中间部件84之间的距离增加,相对于侧向A并且沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的第一脊椎接触部件58与第二脊椎接触部件64之间的距离也增加。
参见图3A到图4B,椎间植入物30被构造成使得压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第一脊椎接触构件42。根据本公开的一个实施方案,在第一对止动表面160彼此邻接,第二对止动表面162彼此邻接,第三对止动表面164彼此邻接,第四对止动表面166彼此邻接,或它们的任意组合之后,压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第一脊椎接触构件42。如图4A和图4B所示,第一对止动表面160彼此邻接,第二对止动表面162彼此邻接,第三对止动表面164彼此邻接,并且第四对止动表面166彼此邻接,并且椎间植入物30处于第三构型。
根据另一个实施方案,在第一对止动表面160彼此邻接,第二对止动表面162彼此邻接,第三对止动表面164彼此邻接,第四对止动表面166彼此邻接,或它们的任意组合之前,压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第一脊椎接触构件42。例如,椎间植入物30可例如以下述方式来进行构造:改变相应的枢转轴线的摩擦特性,使得与枢转穿过弧的第二部分相比,枢转穿过弧的第一部分需要更小的力。因此,椎间植入物30可被构造成使得在第一对止动表面160彼此邻接之前,在第一中间构件50已相对于第一端部构件48围绕第一枢转轴线P1枢转穿过弧的第一部分之后,并且在第一中间构件50相对于第一端部构件48围绕第一枢转轴线P1枢转穿过弧的第二部分之前,压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第一脊椎接触构件42。
参见图4A到图4B,根据一个实施方案,压缩力F相对于第一中间部件78围绕第二枢转轴线P2和第八枢转轴线P8两者枢转第一脊椎接触部件58,并且压缩力F还相对于第一中间部件82围绕第五枢转轴线P5和第十一枢转轴线P11两者枢转第一脊椎接触部件58。压缩力F还相对于第二中间部件80围绕第十五枢转轴线P15和第十六枢转轴线P16两者枢转第二脊椎接触部件60,并且还相对于第二中间部件84围绕第二十一枢转轴线P21和第二十二枢转轴线P22两者枢转第二脊椎接触部件60,由此增加第一脊椎接触构件42与第二脊椎接触构件44之间的距离,所述距离是沿着平行于横向T的直线测量的。
第二联动装置68和第一中间构件50可限定多个止动表面,所述多个止动表面被构造成邻接以阻止相对于彼此的进一步枢转。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆98和第一中间部件78共同限定第五对止动表面168,并且第二连杆100和第二中间部件80共同限定第六对止动表面170。第五联动装置74和第二中间构件56可限定多个止动表面,所述多个止动表面被构造成邻接以阻止相对于彼此的进一步枢转。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆134和第一中间部件82可限定第七对止动表面172,并且第二连杆136和第二中间部件84可限定第八对止动表面174。
椎间植入物30还可被构造成使得压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第二脊椎接触构件44。根据本公开的一个实施方案,在第一对止动表面160彼此邻接,第二对止动表面162彼此邻接,第三对止动表面164彼此邻接,第四对止动表面166彼此邻接,或它们的任意组合之后,压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第二脊椎接触构件44。
椎间植入物30可被构造成使得压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第二脊椎接触构件44,并且同时相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第一脊椎接触构件42。另选地,椎间植入物30可被构造成使得在压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第一脊椎接触构件42之前或之后,所述压缩力相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第二脊椎接触构件44。
根据一个实施方案,压缩力F相对于第一中间部件78围绕第三枢转轴线P3和第九枢转轴线P9两者枢转第一脊椎接触部件62,并且压缩力F还相对于第一中间部件82围绕第六枢转轴线P6和第十二枢转轴线P12两者枢转第一脊椎接触部件62。压缩力F还相对于第二中间部件80围绕第十七枢转轴线P17和第十八枢转轴线P18两者枢转第二脊椎接触部件64,并且还相对于第二中间部件84围绕第二十三枢转轴线P23和第二十四枢转轴线P24两者枢转第二脊椎接触部件64,由此增加第一脊椎接触构件42与第二脊椎接触构件44之间的距离,所述距离是沿着平行于横向T的直线测量的。
参见图3B,第三联动装置70和第一中间构件50可限定多个止动表面,所述多个止动表面被构造成邻接以阻止相对于彼此的进一步枢转。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆110和第一中间部件78共同限定第九对止动表面176,并且第二连杆112和第二中间部件80共同限定第十对止动表面178。第六联动装置76和第二中间构件56可限定多个止动表面,所述多个止动表面被构造成邻接以阻止相对于彼此的进一步枢转。如所示实施方案所示,第一连杆146和第一中间部件82可限定第十一对止动表面180,并且第二连杆148和第二中间部件84可限定第十二对止动表面182。
再次参见图4A和图4B,椎间植入物30可被构造成使得随着压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第一脊椎接触构件42,相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第二脊椎接触构件44,或二者兼之,椎间植入物30的高度H1会改变。例如,当椎间植入物30处于图4A和图4B所示的第三构型,并且压缩力F相对于第一中间构件50和第二中间构件56两者枢转第一脊椎接触构件42和第二脊椎接触构件44两者时,沿着平行于横向T的直线从面52到面53测量的高度H1增加。
参见图3A到图5B,根据本公开的一个实施方案,椎间植入物30被构造成使得当第一对止动表面160中的至少一个彼此邻接,第二对止动表面162彼此邻接,第三对止动表面164彼此邻接,第四对止动表面166彼此邻接,并且第五对止动表面168中的至少一个彼此邻接,第六对止动表面170彼此邻接,第七对止动表面172彼此邻接,第八对止动表面174彼此邻接,第九对止动表面176彼此邻接,第十对止动表面178彼此邻接,第十一对止动表面180彼此邻接,并且第十二对止动表面182彼此邻接时,椎间植入物30处于第二构型。
例如,椎间植入物30可被构造成使得当第一对止动表面160彼此邻接,第二对止动表面162彼此邻接,第三对止动表面164彼此邻接,第四对止动表面166彼此邻接,第五对止动表面168彼此邻接,第六对止动表面170彼此邻接,第七对止动表面172彼此邻接,第八对止动表面174彼此邻接,第九对止动表面176彼此邻接,第十对止动表面178彼此邻接,第十一对止动表面180彼此邻接,并且第十二对止动表面182彼此邻接时,椎间植入物30处于第二构型,如图5A和图5B所示。
参见图5A和图5B,当椎间植入物30处于第二构型时椎间植入物30的沿着平行于横向T的直线从面52到面53测量的高度H1大于当椎间植入物30处于第三构型时所述椎间植入物的沿着平行于横向T的直线从面52到面53测量的高度H1(如图4A和图4B所示)。椎间植入物30的沿着平行于侧向A的直线测量的宽度W1可在第二构型中等于在第三构型中。椎间植入物30的沿着平行于纵向L的直线测量的长度L1在第三构型中可大于在第二构型中。
参见图3C和图3D,椎间植入物30可被构造成使得压缩力F在枢转所述多个垂直联动装置之前枢转所述多个水平联动装置。另选地,椎间植入物30可被构造成使得压缩力F在枢转所述多个水平联动装置之前枢转所述多个垂直联动装置。
根据一个实施方案,椎间植入物30被构造成被植入,使得由上脊椎6和下脊椎8在椎间植入物30上提供的阻力致使压缩力F在枢转所述多个垂直联动装置之前枢转所述多个水平联动装置。例如,植入物30可被构造成使得在没有施加到椎间植入物30的外部阻力的环境中,压缩力F同时枢转所述多个水平联动装置和所述多个垂直联动装置。
根据另一个实施方案,椎间植入物30限定沿着基本上平行于横向T的直线在穿过所述多个垂直联动装置的连杆中的一个的所述两个枢转轴线之间测量的第一距离D1,并且椎间植入物30限定沿着基本上平行于侧向A的直线在穿过所述多个水平联动装置的连杆中的一个的所述两个枢转轴线之间测量的第二距离D2。椎间植入物30可被构造成使得当D2大于D1时,压缩力F在枢转所述多个垂直联动装置之前枢转所述多个水平联动装置。椎间植入物30可被构造成使得当D1大于D2时,压缩力F在枢转所述多个水平联动装置之前枢转所述多个垂直联动装置。
例如,如果沿着侧向A在第十三枢转轴线P13与第十四枢转轴线P14之间测量的第二距离D2大于沿着横向T在第二枢转轴线P2与第八枢转轴线P8之间测量的第一距离D1,则压缩力F可在枢转第一连杆之前枢转第二连杆88。
参见图3A到图5B,根据本公开的一个方面,椎间植入物30被构造成使得沿着穿过第一脊椎接触部件58,穿过第一脊椎接触部件62,并且平行于横向T的直线测量的高度H1等于沿着穿过第二脊椎接触部件60,穿过第二脊椎接触部件64,并且平行于横向T的直线测量的高度H1。如上段所述的具有相同高度H1的椎间植入物30在本文中被称为具有均匀的高度。
如所示实施方案所示,相应联动装置中的每个的第一连杆和第二连杆可具有沿着垂直穿过穿过相应连杆的相应枢转轴线中的每个的直线测量的相等长度。例如,第一连杆98可具有沿着垂直穿过第二枢转轴线P2和第八枢转轴线P8的直线测量的等于连杆100的沿着垂直穿过第十五枢转轴线P15和第十六枢转轴线P16的直线测量的长度的长度。
参见图6A到图6C,椎间植入物30可被构造成使得沿着穿过第一脊椎接触部件58,穿过第一脊椎接触部件62,并且平行于横向T的直线测量的高度H1'不同于沿着穿过第二脊椎接触部件60,穿过第二脊椎接触部件64,并且平行于横向T的直线测量的高度H1”。如上段所述的具有不同高度H1的椎间植入物30在本文中被称为具有不均匀的高度。
如所示实施方案所示,相应联动装置中的至少一些的第一连杆和第二连杆可具有沿着垂直穿过穿过相应连杆的相应枢转轴线中的每个的直线测量的不同的长度。例如,第一连杆98可具有沿着垂直穿过第二枢转轴线P2和第八枢转轴线P8的直线测量的不同于连杆100的沿着垂直穿过第十五枢转轴线P15和第十六枢转轴线P16的直线测量的长度的长度。另外,第一连杆134可具有沿着垂直穿过第五枢转轴线P5和第十一枢转轴线P11的直线测量的不同于连杆136的沿着垂直穿过第二十一枢转轴线P21和第二十二枢转轴线P22的直线测量的长度的长度。
椎间植入物30可被构造成使得第一连杆110可具有沿着垂直穿过第三枢转轴线P3和第九枢转轴线P9的直线测量的不同于连杆112的沿着垂直穿过第十七枢转轴线P17和第十八枢转轴线P18的直线测量的长度的长度。另外,第一连杆146可具有沿着垂直穿过第六枢转轴线P6和第十二枢转轴线P12的直线测量的不同于连杆148的沿着垂直穿过第二十三枢转轴线P23和第二十四枢转轴线P24的直线测量的长度的长度。
具有不均匀的高度H1的椎间植入物30可在对具有弯曲脊柱的患者进行脊柱融合手术期间使用,例如以恢复适当的脊柱前凸。椎间植入物30的不均匀高度H1可用于校正曲率变形,同时还融合相邻的脊椎。
参见图7A到图7D,根据本公开的一个方面,椎间植入物30被构造成使得联动装置中的一者或多者包括可变形部分,而不是相应联动装置的销轴中的一者或两者。本文所述的可变形部分可包括椎间植入物30的弹性变形或塑性变形的部分。可变形部分可具有与椎间植入物30的周围结构相比缩减的横截面尺寸。
如所示实施方案所示,第一联动装置66可包括第一可变形部分290、第二可变形部分292、第三可变形部分294和第四可变形部分296,第一可变形部分290将第一连杆86围绕第一枢转轴线P1枢转地联接到第一端部构件48,第二可变形部分292将第一连杆86围绕第七枢转轴线P7枢转地联接到第一中间部件78,第三可变形部分294将第二连杆88围绕第十三枢转轴线P13枢转地联接到第一端部构件48,第四可变形部分296将第二连杆88围绕第十四枢转轴线P14枢转地联接到第二中间部件80。
第二联动装置68还可包括第一可变形部分302、第二可变形部分304、第三可变形部分306和第四可变形部分308,第一可变形部分302将第一连杆98围绕第二枢转轴线P2枢转地联接到第一中间部件78,第二可变形部分304将第一连杆98围绕第八枢转轴线P8枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件58,第三可变形部分306将第二连杆100围绕第十五枢转轴线P15枢转地联接到第二中间部件80,第四可变形部分308将第二连杆100围绕第十六枢转轴线P16枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件60。
第三联动装置70还可包括第一可变形部分314、第二可变形部分316、第三可变形部分318和第四可变形部分320,第一可变形部分314将第一连杆110围绕第三枢转轴线P3枢转地联接到第一中间部件78,第二可变形部分316将第一连杆110围绕第九枢转轴线P9枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件62,第三可变形部分318将第二连杆112围绕第十七枢转轴线P17枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,第四可变形部分320将第二连杆112围绕第十八枢转轴线P18枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件64。
第四联动装置72还可包括第一可变形部分326、第二可变形部分328、第三可变形部分330和第四可变形部分332,第一可变形部分326将第一连杆122围绕第四枢转轴线P4枢转地联接到第二端部构件54,第二可变形部分328将第一连杆122围绕第十枢转轴线P10枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,第三可变形部分330将第二连杆124围绕第十九枢转轴线P19枢转地联接到第二端部构件54,第四可变形部分332将第二连杆124围绕第二十枢转轴线P20枢转地联接到第二中间部件84。
第五联动装置74还可包括第一可变形部分338、第二可变形部分340、第三可变形部分342和第四可变形部分344,第一可变形部分338将第一连杆134围绕第五枢转轴线P5枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,第二可变形部分340将第一连杆134围绕第十一枢转轴线P11枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件58,第三可变形部分342将第二连杆136围绕第二十一枢转轴线P21枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,第四可变形部分344将第二连杆136围绕第二十二枢转轴线P22枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件60。
第六联动装置76还可包括第一可变形部分350、第二可变形部分352、第三可变形部分354和第四可变形部分356,第一可变形部分350将第一连杆146围绕第六枢转轴线P6枢转地联接到第一中间部件82,第二可变形部分352将第一连杆146围绕第十二枢转轴线P12枢转地联接到第一脊椎接触部件62,第三可变形部分354将第二连杆148围绕第二十三枢转轴线P23枢转地联接到第二中间部件84,第四可变形部分356将第二连杆148围绕第二十四枢转轴线P24枢转地联接到第二脊椎接触部件64。
根据本公开的一个方面,椎间植入物30的联动装置中的每个包括相应的第一可变形部分和第二可变形部分,使得植入物主体34可包括单个整体式结构,所述单个整体式结构包括第一端部构件48、第二端部构件54、第一中间构件50、第二中间构件56、第一脊椎接触表面42、第二脊椎接触表面44以及联动装置中的每个。另选地,椎间植入物30可被构造成使得联动装置中的一些包括相应的销轴,并且联动装置中的一些包括相应的可变形部分。
参见图7C和图7D,椎间植入物30可包括第一支撑构件184,第一支撑构件184被构造成在椎间植入物30处于第二构型时对第一脊椎接触构件42提供支撑。第一支撑构件184可包括被构造成支撑(例如直接邻接)第一脊椎接触部件58的第一支撑部件186,并且还包括被构造成支撑(例如直接邻接)第二脊椎接触部件60的第二支撑部件188。
如所示实施方案所示,第一支撑部件186邻接第一脊椎接触部件58,使得第一支撑部件186阻挡第一脊椎接触部件58沿着横向T朝向第一脊椎接触部件62的运动。第二支撑部件188同样可邻接第二脊椎接触部件60,使得第二支撑部件188阻挡第二脊椎接触部件60沿着横向T朝向第二脊椎接触部件64的运动。
椎间植入物30可被构造成既使得第一支撑部件186的第一支腿190平行于第一连杆98,也使得第一支撑部件186的第二支腿192平行于第一连杆134,而不管椎间植入物30的当前构型如何。椎间植入物30可被构造成既使得第二支撑部件188的第一支腿194平行于第二连杆100,也使得第二支撑部件188的第二支腿196平行于第二连杆136,而不管椎间植入物30的当前构型如何。
椎间植入物30可包括第二支撑构件284,第二支撑构件284被构造成在椎间植入物30处于第二构型时对第二脊椎接触构件44提供支撑。第二支撑构件284可包括被构造成支撑(例如直接邻接)第一脊椎接触部件62的第一支撑部件286,并且还包括被构造成支撑(例如直接邻接)第二脊椎接触部件64的第二支撑部件288。
如所示实施方案所示,第一支撑部件286邻接第一脊椎接触部件62,使得第一支撑部件286阻挡第一脊椎接触部件62沿着横向T朝向第一脊椎接触部件58的运动。第二支撑部件288同样可邻接第二脊椎接触部件64,使得第二支撑部件288阻挡第二脊椎接触部件64沿着横向T朝向第二脊椎接触部件60的运动。
椎间植入物30可被构造成既使得第一支撑部件286的第一支腿290平行于第一连杆110,也使得第一支撑部件286的第二支腿292平行于第一连杆146,而不管椎间植入物30的当前构型如何。椎间植入物30可被构造成既使得第二支撑部件288的第一支腿294平行于第二连杆112,也使得第二支撑部件288的第二支腿296平行于第二连杆148,而不管椎间植入物30的当前构型如何。
参见图8A到图8E,椎间植入物30的促动器200可包括沿着中心轴线214伸长的促动构件212。根据本公开的一个方面,促动构件212包括外表面216,外表面216包括外表面216的至少一部分上的齿218。
参见图3A和图8A到图8E,促动构件212可被固定到框架46,使得促动构件212能够相对于第一端部构件48沿着纵向L平移,以及相对于第二端部构件54沿着纵向L平移地固定。促动构件212还可被固定到框架46,使得中心轴线214基本上平行于纵向L。根据本公开的一个方面,中心轴线214可基本上是直的,例如如图8D所示,使得中心轴线214基本上平行于纵向L。另选地,中心轴线214可以是弯的,例如如图8E所示。
参见图3A和图8A到图8E,促动构件212可被固定到框架46,使得促动构件212能够相对于第一端部构件48沿着纵向L平移,以及相对于第二端部构件54沿着纵向L平移地固定。促动构件212还可被固定到框架46,使得中心轴线214基本上平行于纵向L。根据本公开的一个方面,中心轴线214可基本上是直的(例如如图8C所示),使得中心轴线214基本上平行于纵向L。另选地,中心轴线214可以是弯的(例如如图8D所示)。
参见图8B和图8C,根据本公开的一个方面,促动螺杆202被构造成相对于第一端部构件48沿着基本上平行于中心轴线214的方向平移,由此向椎间植入物30施加压缩力F。促动器200可包括锁定机构220,锁定机构220被构造成阻止促动器200沿平行于中心轴线214的第一方向的促动,同时允许促动器200沿与第一方向相反的第二方向的促动。
如所示实施方案所示,锁定机构220包括促动构件212的外表面216上的齿218。锁定机构220还可包括由第一端部构件48携带的棘爪222。齿218和棘爪222可被构造为单向棘轮,使得齿218和棘爪222接合,使得促动构件212能够沿着第一方向224平移但不能沿着与第一方向224相反的第二方向226平移。例如,棘爪222可被构造成当促动构件212相对于第一端部构件48沿第一方向224平移时在齿218之上进行凸轮运动,并且棘爪222还可被构造成当沿第二方向226向促动构件212施加力时不在齿222之上进行凸轮运动,由此阻止促动构件212相对于第一端部构件48沿第二方向226的运动。根据本公开的一个方面,棘爪222是附接到第一端部构件48的单独构件,例如如图8B所示。根据本公开的另一个方面,棘爪222与第一端部构件48为整体的,例如如图8C所示。
参见图8F和图8G,根据一个实施方案,促动器200可包括沿着中心轴线404伸长的促动螺杆402,并且促动螺杆402包括外表面406,外表面406包括外表面406的至少一部分上的外螺纹408。促动螺杆402可包括第一部分410,第一部分410可动地(例如可伸缩地)联接到促动螺杆402的第二部分412。如所示实施方案所示,促动螺杆402限定沿着中心轴线404从促动螺杆402的第一端部414到促动螺杆402的第二端部416测量的可变长度L2。
参见图3A、图8F和图8G,促动螺杆402可被固定到框架46,使得促动螺杆402能够相对于第一端部构件48和第二端部构件54两者围绕中心轴线404旋转。促动螺杆402还可被固定到框架46,使得中心轴线404平行于纵向L。
根据本公开的一个方面,促动螺杆402的一部分(例如第一部分410和第二部分412中的一者)被构造成相对于第一部分410和第二部分412中的另一者围绕中心轴线404旋转,使得外螺纹408接合第二部分412的内螺纹(图中未示出),以便改变促动螺杆402的长度L2。当促动螺杆402的长度L2改变(例如缩短)时,促动螺杆402对第一端部构件48和第二端部构件54施加压缩力,由此将椎间植入物从一个构型(例如第一构型)转变到另一个构型(例如第三构型)。
参见图9,多个椎间植入物30可被构造成与至少一个以上的椎间植入物30进行组合,以形成可插入到单个椎间盘空间中的植入物构建体300。如所示实施方案所示,所述植入物构建体可包括两个或更多个相同的椎间植入物30。参见图10A和图10B,植入物构建体300可包括植入物构建体300沿着其伸长的中心轴线302。植入物构建体300可被构造成插入到椎间盘空间10中,使得中心轴线302基本上是直的,如图10A所示。植入物构建体300可被构造成插入到椎间盘空间10中,使得中心轴线302不是基本上直的(例如基本上弯的),如图10B所示。
参见图11A和图11B,植入物构建体300可包括两个或更多个不相同的椎间植入物30。例如,植入物构建体300可包括第一椎间植入物30a和第二椎间植入物30b,当第一椎间植入物30a处于第二构型时,第一椎间植入物30a限定高度H1a,当第二椎间植入物30b处于第二构型时,第二椎间植入物30b限定高度H1b,并且高度H1a不同于高度H1b。包括如上文所述的第一椎间植入物30a和第二椎间植入物30b的植入物构建体300可在对具有弯曲脊柱(例如具有脊柱前凸的脊柱)的患者进行的脊柱融合手术期间使用。不同的高度H1a和H1b可用于校正曲率变形,同时还融合相邻的脊椎。
参见图11B,植入物构建体300还可包括第三椎间植入物30c,第三椎间植入物30c限定等于高度H1a或H1b中的一者的高度H1c。植入物构建体300可被构造成使得第三椎间植入物30c的高度H1c基本上等于第一椎间植入物30a的高度H1a,而第二椎间植入物30b的高度H1b大于高度H1a和高度H1c两者。植入物构建体300还可被构造成使得第二椎间植入物30b被定位在第一椎间植入物30a与第三椎间植入物30c之间。
参见图11A和图11B,植入物构建体300可被构造成匹配限定椎间盘空间10的上脊椎6的端板17a和下脊椎8的端板17b中的一者或两者的自然构形。使用被构造成匹配上脊椎6的端板17a和下脊椎8的端板17b中的一者或两者的自然构形的植入物构建体300可使得在整个植入物构建体300上的负载分布均匀、下沉风险降低、用于将植入物构建体300固定在椎间盘空间10中的附加固定装置(例如骨螺杆)减少、或它们的任意组合。
参见图9到图11B,植入物构建体300可包括单个促动器200,单个促动器200被构造成将包括在植入物构建体300中的椎间植入物30中的每个从一个构型转变到另一个构型。例如,植入物构建体300可包括促动器200(例如促动螺杆202),促动器200被构造成使得围绕中心轴线204旋转促动螺杆202将第一椎间植入物30a和第二椎间植入物30b两者从第一构型转变到第三构型,以及从第三构型转变到第二构型。根据本公开的一个方面,促动器200被构造成使得围绕中心轴线204旋转促动螺杆202会同时将第一椎间植入物30a和第二椎间植入物30b两者从一个构型转变到另一个构型。
应当理解,上述说明提供所公开的系统和技术的一些示例。然而,设想到本公开的其他实施方式可在细节上不同于上述示例。在所有提及本公开或其示例时均旨在提及此刻正在讨论的具体示例,而非旨在更一般地暗示对本公开的范围的任何限制。所有关于某些特征的区别和贬低的语言均旨在表示对这些特征缺乏偏好,但是除非另外指明,否则不完全将其从本公开的范围中排除。
除非本文另外指明,否则本文列举的数值范围仅旨在充当个别地指代落在所述范围内的每个独立值的简便方法,并且每个独立值就像在本文中个别地引用那样并入本说明书。除非本文另外指明或者与上下文明显矛盾,否则本文所述的所有方法都可以按照任何合适的顺序进行。
尽管已详细描述了本公开,然而应当理解,在不背离如随附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围的条件下,可对本文作出各种改变、替代和更改。此外,本公开的范围并非旨在仅限于本说明书中所述的具体实施方案。本领域的普通技术人员根据本发明的公开内容将容易地理解,根据本公开可采用与本文所述的对应实施方案执行基本上相同的功能或实现基本上相同结果的目前存在或今后将开发出来的工艺、机器、制造、物质组合物、装置、方法或步骤。

Claims (20)

1.一种植入物,包括:
框架,所述框架包括端部构件和围绕第一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述端部构件的中间构件;
第一脊椎接触构件,所述第一脊椎接触构件围绕基本上垂直于所述第一枢转轴线的第二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架,所述第一脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第一脊椎的面;和
联接到所述框架的第二脊椎接触构件,所述第二脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第二脊椎的面,
其中所述框架被构造成使得:1)相对于所述端部构件围绕所述第一枢转轴线枢转所述中间构件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的方向在所述第一脊椎接触构件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的宽度,并且2)相对于所述框架围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转所述第一脊椎接触构件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向在所述第一脊椎接触构件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的高度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述第二脊椎接触构件围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第三枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架,并且所述框架被构造成使得相对于所述框架围绕所述第三枢转轴线枢转所述第二脊椎接触构件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向在所述第一脊椎接触构件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的高度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所述端部构件是第一端部构件,所述中间构件是第一中间构件,所述框架包括第二端部构件和第二中间构件,所述第二中间构件围绕基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的第四枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二端部构件,并且所述框架被构造成使得相对于所述第二端部构件围绕所述第四枢转轴线枢转所述第二中间构件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向在所述第一脊椎接触构件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的宽度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的植入物,其中所述第一脊椎接触构件包括第一脊椎接触部件和相对于基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的方向与所述第一脊椎接触部件分开的第二脊椎接触部件,所述第一脊椎接触部件围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架,所述第二脊椎接触部件围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第五枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架,并且所述框架被构造成使得:1)相对于所述框架围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转所述第一脊椎接触部件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向在所述第一脊椎接触部件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的第一高度,并且2)相对于所述框架围绕所述第五枢转轴线枢转所述第二脊椎接触部件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向在所述第二脊椎接触部件与所述第二脊椎接触构件之间的第二高度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的植入物,其中所述第一高度等于所述第二高度。
6.根据权利要求4所述的植入物,其中所述第二脊椎接触构件包括第一脊椎接触部件和相对于基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的方向与所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件分开的第二脊椎接触部件,所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件围绕所述第三枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架,所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第二脊椎接触部件围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第六枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架,并且所述框架被构造成使得:1)相对于所述框架围绕所述第三枢转轴线枢转所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向在所述第一脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件与所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件之间的第一高度,并且2)相对于所述框架围绕所述第六枢转轴线枢转所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第二脊椎接触部件改变相对于基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的方向在所述第一脊椎接触构件的所述第二脊椎接触部件与所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第二脊椎接触部件之间的第二高度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的植入物,其中所述第一高度不同于所述第二高度。
8.根据权利要求6所述的植入物,还包括:
第一联动装置,所述第一联动装置围绕所述第一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一端部构件,并且围绕基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的第七枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一中间构件;
第二联动装置,所述第二联动装置围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一中间构件,并且围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第八枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一脊椎接触构件;
第三联动装置,所述第三联动装置围绕所述第三枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一中间构件,并且围绕基本上平行于所述第三枢转轴线的第九枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二脊椎接触构件;
第四联动装置,所述第四联动装置围绕所述第四枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二端部构件,并且围绕基本上平行于所述第四枢转轴线的第十枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件;
第五联动装置,所述第五联动装置围绕所述第五枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件,并且围绕基本上平行于所述第五枢转轴线的第十一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一脊椎接触构件;和
第六联动装置,所述第六联动装置围绕所述第六枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件,并且围绕基本上平行于所述第六枢转轴线的第十二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二脊椎接触构件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的植入物,其中所述第一中间构件包括第一中间部件和沿着基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的方向与所述第一中间部件分开的第二中间部件,并且所述第二中间构件包括第一中间部件和沿着基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的方向与所述第二中间构件的所述第一中间部件分开的第二中间部件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的植入物,其中:
所述第一联动装置包括第一连杆:1)其围绕所述第一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一端部构件,并且2)围绕所述第七枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一中间构件的所述第一中间部件;
所述第二联动装置包括第一连杆:1)其围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一中间构件的所述第一中间部件,并且2)围绕所述第八枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件;
所述第三联动装置包括第一连杆:1)其围绕所述第三枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件的所述第一中间部件,并且2)围绕所述第九枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件;
所述第四联动装置包括第一连杆:1)其围绕所述第四枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二端部构件,并且2)围绕所述第十枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件的所述第一中间部件;
所述第五联动装置包括第一连杆:1)其围绕所述第五枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件的所述第一中间部件,并且2)围绕所述第十一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件;并且
所述第六联动装置包括第一连杆:1)其围绕所述第六枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件的所述第一中间部件,并且2)围绕所述第十二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第一脊椎接触部件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的植入物,其中:
所述第一联动装置包括第二连杆:1)其围绕基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的第十三枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一端部构件,并且2)围绕基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的第十四枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一中间构件的所述第二中间部件;
所述第二联动装置包括第二连杆:1)其围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第十五枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一中间构件的所述第二中间部件,并且2)围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第十六枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一脊椎接触构件的所述第二脊椎接触部件;
所述第三联动装置包括第二连杆:1)其围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第十七枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件的所述第二中间部件,并且2)围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第十八枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第二脊椎接触部件;
所述第四联动装置包括第二连杆:1)其围绕基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的第十九枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二端部构件,并且2)围绕基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的第二十枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件的所述第二中间部件;
所述第五联动装置包括第二连杆:1)其围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第二十一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件的所述第二中间部件,并且2)围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第二十二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第一脊椎接触构件的所述第二脊椎接触部件;并且
所述第六联动装置包括第二连杆:1)其围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第二十三枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二中间构件的所述第二中间部件,并且2)围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第二十四枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述第二脊椎接触部件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的植入物,其中所述连杆中的每个通过销轴枢转地联接到相应的部件,并且所述枢转轴线中的每个穿过所述销轴中的一个的中心。
13.根据权利要求11所述的植入物,其中所述连杆中的每个通过弱化的节段枢转地联接到相应的部件。
14.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,还包括促动器,所述促动器被构造成使得所述促动器的促动:1)相对于所述端部构件围绕所述第一枢转轴线枢转所述中间构件,并且2)相对于所述框架围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转所述第一脊椎接触构件。
15.根据权利要求14所述的植入物,其中所述促动器是螺杆,所述螺杆通过围绕所述螺杆的中心轴线旋转所述螺杆而被促动。
16.根据权利要求14所述的植入物,还包括锁定机构,所述锁定机构被构造成接合所述促动器,使得在至少一个方向上阻止所述促动器的促动。
17.一种植入物,包括:
框架,所述框架包括端部构件和围绕第一枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述端部构件的中间构件;
第一脊椎接触构件,所述第一脊椎接触构件围绕基本上垂直于所述第一枢转轴线的第二枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架,所述第一脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第一脊椎的面;和
联接到所述框架的第二脊椎接触构件,所述第二脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第二脊椎的面,
其中所述框架被构造成使得:1)相对于所述端部构件围绕所述第一枢转轴线枢转所述中间构件改变所述第一脊椎接触构件的宽度,所述宽度是沿着基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的直线测量的,并且2)相对于所述框架围绕所述第二枢转轴线枢转所述第一脊椎接触构件改变沿着基本上平行于所述第一枢转轴线的直线从所述第一脊椎接触构件的所述面到所述第二脊椎接触构件的所述面测量的高度。
18.根据权利要求17所述的植入物,其中所述第二脊椎接触构件围绕基本上平行于所述第二枢转轴线的第三枢转轴线枢转地联接到所述框架,并且所述框架被构造成使得相对于所述框架围绕所述第三枢转轴线枢转所述第二脊椎接触构件改变所述高度。
19.一种植入物,包括:
第一脊椎接触构件,所述第一脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第一脊椎的面;
第二脊椎接触构件,所述第二脊椎接触构件限定被构造成接合第二脊椎的面;和
框架,所述框架包括端部构件、中间构件、第一联动装置和第二联动装置,所述第一联动装置将所述端部构件枢转地联接到所述中间构件,使得所述端部构件和所述中间构件能够相对于彼此围绕彼此平行的第一对枢转轴线枢转,所述第二联动装置将所述中间构件枢转地联接到所述第一脊椎接触构件,使得所述中间构件和所述第一脊椎接触构件能够相对于彼此围绕彼此平行并且垂直于所述第一对枢转轴线的第二对枢转轴线枢转,
其中所述第一对枢转轴线分开沿着基本上平行于所述第二对枢转轴线的直线测量的第一距离,所述第二对枢转轴线分开沿着基本上平行于所述第一对枢转轴线的直线测量的第二距离,并且所述第一距离大于所述第二距离。
20.根据权利要求19所述的植入物,还包括促动器,所述促动器被构造成被促动,使得所述端部构件相对于所述中间构件枢转,直至由所述端部构件限定的止动表面邻接由所述中间构件限定的止动表面,
其中所述植入物被构造成使得在由所述端部构件限定的所述止动表面邻接由所述中间构件限定的所述止动表面之后,所述促动器的进一步促动相对于所述中间构件枢转所述第一脊椎接触构件。
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