CN107106258B - 具有用于未长出或者长出中的牙齿的腔体的牙科矫正器 - Google Patents

具有用于未长出或者长出中的牙齿的腔体的牙科矫正器 Download PDF

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CN107106258B
CN107106258B CN201580061922.6A CN201580061922A CN107106258B CN 107106258 B CN107106258 B CN 107106258B CN 201580061922 A CN201580061922 A CN 201580061922A CN 107106258 B CN107106258 B CN 107106258B
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erupting
unerupted
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崔智英
李春华
约翰·莫顿
巴斯蒂安·皮森帝
瓦季姆·马托夫
亚历山大·别列亚耶夫
彼得·乌山诺夫
罗曼·A·罗斯琪恩
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Abstract

一种方法，包括经由计算设备接收代表多个牙齿的数据；识别表示多个牙齿中的哪个处于未长出或长出中的数据；使用一个以上的牙齿长出预测因子，预测未长出或长出中的牙齿在它们完全长出之后的至少一个特征；基于完全长出的牙齿的预测的至少一个特征生成新数据，该数据代表在多个长出状态下的未长出或长出中的牙齿；以及基于代表多个长出状态下的未长出或长出中的牙齿的新数据，利用新的数据生成一系列渐进的牙齿矫正器，以定义建议的正畸治疗。

Description

具有用于未长出或者长出中的牙齿的腔体的牙科矫正器
技术领域
本公开大体涉及牙科治疗领域。特别地，本公开涉及用于创建具有用于未长出(unerupted)或者长出中(erupting)的牙齿的腔体的牙科矫正器的系统、方法、计算设备可读介质以及设备。
背景技术
牙科治疗可以包括例如恢复和/或正畸程序。恢复程序可以设计为在患者口腔内植入牙修复体(例如，齿冠、齿桥嵌体、填补物、护面等)。正畸程序可以包括重定位未对齐的牙齿和改变咬合构造用以改善外貌和/或牙齿功能。例如能够通过在一段时间内向一个或多个牙齿施加受控制的力来实现正畸重定位。
作为实例，可以通过使用用以重新对齐牙齿的定位牙科矫正器(dentalappliance)的牙科处理来提供正畸重定位。被称为“校准器(aligner)”这样的矫正器可以采用具有弹性性能的轻量和/或透明材料的薄壳体，其大致符合患者的牙齿，但是与当前牙齿构造稍微不对齐。
能够在牙科处理中产生的正畸重定位的实例是使用一个以上用以重新对齐牙齿的定位牙科矫正器的处理。矫正器在牙齿上的放置可以在特定位置处提供受控制的力，以逐渐将牙齿移动到新的构造中。利用处于渐进的构造的相继的矫正器重复该处理就能够通过一系列的中间排列而将牙齿移动到最终期望排列。
在一些应用中，在患者口中的一个或多个牙齿可能还未完全从齿龈露出到它们的最终位置。这样的过程通常被称为牙齿的长出。如本文所使用的，将还未从齿龈露出的牙齿称为未长出，将已经从齿龈露出并且正在朝向其最终位置移动的牙齿称为部分长出，并且当论述长出时，在本文中将处于其最终位置的牙齿称为完全长出。
这样的牙科矫正器具有形成在矫正器的壳中的腔体，其中一个或多个牙齿将定位在该腔体中。此外，用作校准器的牙科矫正器依靠校准器材料的弹性性能来对一个或多个牙齿施加力以移动牙齿，并且因此必须对壳体设置壳体中的用于长出中的牙齿的空间，并且该空间还必须被设计成提供治疗计划所期望的那样的力。因此，不能以简单的方式完成壳体上的空间的设计。
当为具有长出中的牙齿的患者设计牙科矫正器时，当可能还不清楚或不知道牙齿是正要露出还是尚未露出时，难以提供适当形状的矫正器。例如，成长年龄中的正畸患者经常在永久性犬齿和/或二尖齿未完全长出时开始他们的治疗。
这些牙齿的自然长出被用来长出牙齿。该处理在齿弓中提供了足够的空间，并且防止了在长出期间与校准器结构的干扰，因为即使小幅度的一致或反复的力也能够阻碍或终止长出。
此外，在一些情况下，用于长出中的牙齿的腔体对于长出中的牙齿可能是尺寸错误的(例如，在牙齿长出之前或者长出的早期阶段中的患者口腔内的空间的基础上)。另外，可能难以预测牙齿可能长出的速度，并且因此，壳体可能被设计为使得其在牙齿长出时不能适当地容纳牙齿。在这样的情况下，在其它可能的问题中，牙齿可能与腔体的一个以上的表面接触，这会减慢长出过程，引起患者的不适，并且/或者不期望地改变矫正器的定位。
附图说明
图1示出根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的几种牙齿类型的虚拟几何结构的实例。
图2示出能够根据本公开的一个以上的实施例创建的几种牙齿类型的标准虚拟几何结构的实例。
图3示出能够在根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的矫正器的创建中使用的，患者的上颌和下颌的虚拟模型的部分的实例视图。
图4示出用于本公开的治疗计划的过程的实例。
图5在左图中提供了现有技术的用于长出中的牙齿的腔体的实例，并且在右图中提供了根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的用于长出中的牙齿的腔体的实例。
图6在左图中提供了长出中的牙齿的直线置位的实例，并且在右图中提供了根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的长出中的牙齿的弓线置位的实例。
图7示出利用颊侧移位和腭侧移位定位的已长出犬齿的实例。
图8示出用于根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的治疗计划的系统。
图9示出用于创建具有用于未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体的牙科矫正器的本公开的方法实施例的实例。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及用于创建具有用于未长出或者长出中的牙齿的腔体的牙科矫正器的系统、方法、计算设备可读介质以及设备。当前，对于为青少年使用牙科矫正器，一些最常见的临床障碍是由于未长出的牙齿带来的挑战。
在牙科治疗过程中，医生很难预测长出时间、速度、牙齿的尺寸、朝向和/或位置。本公开的实施例能够更接近地预测牙齿尺寸和/或位置。本公开的实施例还能够使用鼓泡出的空间在设备的壳体中形成用于置位长出中的牙齿的腔体，以通过减少或最小化与牙科矫正器的表面的潜在干扰而更好地确保自然长出。然而，其并不是仅为了使腔体更大，腔体的尺寸必须适应腔体周围的其它物体(例如，相邻牙齿、齿龈、相对的颌的牙齿、患者的舌等)。
在诸多益处中，这些特征能够减轻治疗医师在治疗期间对长出的担忧。上述对于青少年使用的临床障碍的降低能够使得治疗医师治疗更多患者。并且，当前的虚拟几何结构分析可能要求治疗医师手动地调整患者牙齿的模型，这导致了治疗不一致。本公开的实施例包括这样的实施例，其能够极大地基于自动程序，从而减少技术人员处理时间并且将协议一致性最大化。
本公开还包括设备实施例。例如，在一些实施例中，设备是被设计为实施治疗计划的至少一部分的矫正器，包括壳体，该壳体中具有多个腔体，该腔体被设计为利用多个腔体中的至少一个腔体收纳颌的牙齿，该腔体是用于在其中容纳未长出的或长出中的牙齿的腔体，其中，用于容纳未长出的或长出中的牙齿的至少一个腔体的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者基于对未长出的或者长出中的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向中的至少一者的预测。
另外，本公开的实施例可以包括系统实施例，其中，能够按顺序使用多个牙科矫正器，以根据治疗医师开展的治疗计划而移动一个或多个牙齿。例如，在一些实施例中，牙科矫正器系统可以包括设计成渐进地实施治疗计划的一系列矫正器的第一矫正器，其包括第一壳体，该第一壳体中具有多个腔体，该腔体设计成在治疗计划的第一阶段中收纳颌的牙齿，其中多个腔体中的至少一个是用于在其中容纳未长出或者长出中的牙齿的腔体。
系统还可以包括一系列矫正器的第二矫正器，其包括第二壳体，该第二壳体中具有多个腔体，该腔体设计成在治疗计划的第二阶段中收纳颌的牙齿，第二壳体具有与第一壳体的用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体相对应的腔体，并且其中，根据各个壳体的各自的治疗阶段，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体基于对未长出或长出中的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向的预测而确定尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向。以该方式，在一个或多个牙齿长出时，壳体的腔体能够被调整为更精确地适配各个长出的牙齿。
在各种实施例中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体在至少一个牙齿长出预测因素(例如，尺寸、形状、位置和朝向)上互不相同。例如，这能够通过使用代表长出的多个状态下的未长出或长出中的牙齿的数据而实现，该数据基于预测的完全长出的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向，以调整腔体的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的一者以上。
如本文更详细讨论的，还能够基于其它的牙齿长出预测因素来确定和/或调整尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者。例如，能够基于包括如下因素的数据来确定用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向：与未长出或长出中的牙齿相邻的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向，以及/或者基于包括如下因素的数据来确定用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向：与未长出或长出中的牙齿相对的牙齿(例如，在患者的相对的颌上的可能与未长出或长出中的牙齿相互作用的牙齿)的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向。可选地或者附加地，可以基于包括如下因素的数据来确定用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向：与未长出或长出中的牙齿是同类型牙齿(即，犬齿、前臼齿等)的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向。
在一些实施例中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体包括齿龈边缘，并且其中，根据各个壳体的各自的治疗阶段，基于对将与齿龈边缘相邻的齿龈的位置和形状的预测来确定齿龈边缘的位置和形状。以这样的方式，由于牙科矫正器之间的可调节性，能够调整齿龈边缘的腔体的位置和形状，以提供更特定的力的特征。例如，当在使用牙科矫正器的治疗计划的阶段期间牙齿露出时，各个矫正器的齿龈边缘能够被不同地定形，以容纳露出了牙齿的齿龈的不同的形状。
在一些这样的实施例中，例如，通过使用来自患者的附加信息，能够更精确化诸如长出中的牙齿的预测的朝向这样的预测特征，所述附加信息诸如，如果从诸如X射线图像这样的二维(2D)扫描技术可以看到长出中的牙齿的齿冠和/或齿根(例如，可以在x射线图像的平面上测量长出中的牙齿的长轴朝向)，则该信息将会用作长出中的牙齿的齿冠的朝向的预测因子。
另一实例中，如果从诸如锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)这样的3维(3D)扫描技术中可见长出中的牙齿的齿冠或者齿根，则可以预测特征。例如，可以相对于在虚拟治疗数据中可见的相邻相的牙齿，在三维中测量长出中的牙齿的长轴朝向。然后，将使用该信息作为特征的预测因子，该特征诸如长出中的牙齿的齿冠的朝向。
下文还将参考附图中提供的实例详细讨论本公开的实施例的很多其他方面。在本公开的以下的详细说明中，对形成本公开的一部分的附图进行参考，其中以示例的方式示出了如何实施本公开的多个实施例。对这些实施例进行了详细描述，以使本领域普通技术人员能够实践本公开的实施例，并且应当理解，可以利用其他实施例，并且可以在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下对过程和/或结构进行改变。本文所使用的“数个”特定事物可以指一个或多个这样的事物(例如，数个力可以指一个以上的力)。
如应当理解的，本文中各种实施例中示出的元件能够被增加、更换和/或去除，以提供本公开的多个附加的实施例。另外，如应当理解的，附图中提供的元件的比例和相对大小意在示出本发明的特定实施例，并且不应被视为有限的意义。
图1示出根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的几种牙齿类型的虚拟几何结构的实例。在图1所示的实施例中，选择并且互相比较了数个(例如，十个、二十个、一百个等等)牙齿解剖结构(例如，互相重叠)，以建立包括目标牙齿的最大可能尺寸的牙齿形状(通用尺寸牙齿设计)。例如，第一牙齿形状具有特殊形状，并且与同类型的第二牙齿相比时，第二牙齿具有多个尺寸上的不同的外部轮廓的不同形状，使得例如其可以具有比第一牙齿大的近中远(MD)长度，但是具有比第一牙齿小的颊舌(BL)长度。
在这样的实施例中，可以叠加两个数据集进行比较，并且取距离参考点(例如，牙齿中心点)最远的数据点，以产生作为两个组合数据集的最大尺寸的齿形。可以使用多于两个牙齿的数据集(例如，可以使用数十，数百，数千，数百万等的牙齿的数据集)来实现该方法。
这种创建的通用尺寸牙齿设计信息可用于每个目标牙齿，以帮助预测目标牙齿的尺寸、位置、形状和/或朝向中的至少一个，并提供可用于任何病人的目标牙齿的通用牙形。
能够从各种资源提供解剖结构。例如，在其他资源中，可以从其他患者病例、一个以上的假牙库、正畸操作训练模具和/或患者的其他牙齿提供解剖结构。此外，例如，可以自动地(例如，基于将结构互相比较的可执行计算指令，如上所述，并且/或者基于比较的结构而将结构与未长出或长出中的牙齿的预测的形状、尺寸、位置和/或朝向比较)或者由治疗医师或计算设备操作员进行选择。
从这些选择中，如上所述，可以创建包络了重叠几何结构的最外表面的通用尺寸设计。通用包络可以例如被表示为定制的参数化3D表面模型，近似于牙齿几何结构。例如，在一些较简单的实施例中，通用表面是固定的、定制的几何结构形状，并且允许参数在每个维度(例如，近中远侧、颊舌侧、冠状顶端)独立地缩放。在其他实施例中，可以用一组参数面(例如，非均匀有理B样条)来表示表面。在这样的实施例中，例如，表面的控制点和任意其它参数能够调节为近似于重叠几何结构的最外表面。
在其它实施例中，如在附图的实施例中示出的，从两个角度示出两个牙齿包络(即，100和102示出了围绕犬齿103的第一包络101，并且104和106示出了围绕107双尖牙的第二包络105)。在一些实施例中，如图1所示，该信息能够被显示在诸如计算设备的显示器上。然而，在一些实施例中，信息是在创建一个以上的牙科矫正器的过程中使用的数据，并且不被显示。
重叠几何结构的最外表面创建了泡状形式101，其代表牙齿从三维中的基准点应该向外延伸的最大程度(至少，基于上述计算中使用的选择的解剖结构)。以该方式，相对于特殊牙齿类型，具有与泡状形式相似的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向的牙科矫正器腔体不应该与长出中的牙齿的任意表面接触。当设计牙科矫正器时，本公开的实施例能够考虑该信息。
从对一个以上的预测牙齿的形状、位置、朝向和尺寸以及潜在的泡状形式的计算中，能够创建一个以上的标准几何结构，如关于图2所详细论述的。图2示出能够根据本公开的一个以上的实施例创建的几种牙齿类型的标准虚拟几何结构的实例。图2所示的是基于例如来自图1的几何尺寸设计信息的形状。图2中的形状被设计为从多个数据集的比较中的参考点普遍包络最大数据点。
在一些实施例中，使用目标牙齿的患者的附加信息，能够使得牙齿和/或泡状物的虚拟几何形状更精确。例如，如果从2D扫描技术(例如，x射线图像)可以看见未长出或长出中的牙齿的齿冠，则能够在x射线图像中测量齿冠的近中远侧和冠状顶端尺寸(例如，与一个或多个相邻的完全长出的牙齿成比例，并且被用于计算要长出的牙齿的几何结构的尺寸)。该患者特定信息能够用于修改通用尺寸设计形状，以使得形状对于患者的口腔更精确。
例如，可以手动测量尺寸并由使用者在软件中输入尺寸，可以通过所选择的一个或多个地标点半自动地在未长出或者长出中的牙齿齿冠和相邻牙齿上检测尺寸(例如，可选择四点：近中侧的、远侧的、冠的和顶端的，并且然后可以经由使用这些点的计算设备可执行指令来自动地完成处理)，或者可以自动地检测，例如通过轮廓检测和其它图像处理技术，并且该信息可以在创建通用尺寸设计中和/或修改从非患者数据集创建的通用尺寸设计形状中使用。
在另一实例中，如果可以从诸如CBCT这样的3D扫描技术的输出中看到已经从齿龈露出的长出中的牙齿的齿冠，则能够局部地或者完全地重建未长出牙齿的齿冠表面。在局部重建的情况下，例如，可以使用通用齿冠数据(通用齿冠数据的实例，见专利：US 7,865,259)完成齿冠。然后，能够从重建的3D数据中测量要长出的齿冠的尺寸。另外，能够从扫描的几何结构中导出要重建的虚拟几何结构的3D形状。这样的方法可以作为牙齿尺寸回归模型的补充或替代，如本文别处讨论的那样。
在图2的实例中，对于四个牙齿类型示出了标准虚拟几何结构。几何结构208代表下方第二个双尖牙，几何结构210代表上方第二个双尖牙，几何结构212代表下方犬齿，并且几何结构214代表上方犬齿。
由于能够通过使用来自多个牙齿解剖结构，并且在一些情况下是许多个牙齿解剖结构的数据来创建这些几何结构，所以可以在许多患者中对该类型牙齿使用这些标准虚拟几何结构。在不适配这样的标准几何结构或者期望更加精确的患者中，本文将更详细地讨论进一步的细化(refine)过程。示出的几何结构代表了泡状形式，其能用于确定在牙科矫正器的壳体中形成的腔体的形状。
图3示出能够在根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的矫正器的创建中使用的患者的上颌和下颌的虚拟模型的一部分的实例视图。如本文所讨论的，一个或多个相邻的牙齿能够被用于帮助预测未长出或者长出中的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向。例如，如果未长出或长出中的牙齿在上颌316的6号牙齿位置中，则能够使用在5号和7号位置(相邻牙齿)中以及27号和28号位置(相对牙齿)中的一个或多个牙齿。
另外，在一些实施例中，能够使用在口中的另一部分中的已经(部分或完全)长出的相同牙齿类型的牙齿。例如，如果一个上犬齿是未长出的，但是有时被称为“对应(counterpart)牙齿”的另一犬齿已经长出，则在对应牙齿中可能存在一个以上的牙齿长出预测因素(例如，特征：尺寸、位置、形状和/或朝向)，其能够用于独立地或者与一个或多个未长出或长出中的牙齿的相邻牙齿组合地预测长出中或者未长出的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向。
如以上所讨论地，在一些实施例中，能够从一个或多个相邻牙齿(相邻、相对和/或对应的牙齿)的已知特征推得部分长出或者未长出的牙齿的预期的尺寸。例如，可以使用诸如部分长出或者完全长出的相邻牙齿的颊舌(BL)宽度和/或近中远(MD)宽度这样的一个以上的牙齿长出预测因素作为多变量回归模型中的回归量，如下文更详细地论述的。这样的分析例如能够用于牙齿尺寸预测中。
图4示出用于本公开的治疗计划的过程的实例。在该实例中，首先在409处检查情况以判定患者是否具有长出中的牙齿。如果患者不具有长出中的牙齿，则识别一个或多个牙齿。能够通过如下可执行指令完成这些过程，例如：检查牙齿尺寸、位置、形状和/或朝向，以确定与正畸操作训练模具、假牙库或标准虚拟几何机构中的牙齿的尺寸、位置、形状和/或朝向的实质匹配，如本文所讨论的。
在图4的实施例中，在411处，方法分析了对应的、相邻的和/或相对的牙齿的数据，以确定在预测长出中或未长出的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向中使用的，以及/或者在预测要在一个以上的牙科矫正器的壳体上创建的腔体的尺寸形状、位置和/或朝向中使用的各个对应的、相邻的或相对的牙齿的至少一个尺寸(例如，三维坐标系中的X、Y和/或Z尺寸数据)。
在一些实施例中，诸如在图4的实施例中所示的，在413处，可以使用多变量回归模型或其他合适的模型，例如本文所描述的其他模型，以进一步改进长出中或未长出的牙齿的尺寸和/或要在一个或多个牙科矫正器上创建的壳体的腔的尺寸、形状、位置和/或朝向。例如，该类型的模型能够用在具有在这样的分析中使用的多个相邻的、相对的或者相应的牙齿的情况下。
例如，多个牙齿能够被用于预测模型中。在这样的实施当中，例如可以识别在建模中使用的牙齿数量，可以选择能够使用该牙齿数量的模型，可以通过使用所选择的回归模型将回归过程应用于牙齿数据。该分析能够用于确定一个以上的预计牙齿尺寸，如图4所示。
在一些实施例中，能够定制一个以上的标准虚拟几何结构和/或预定义的虚拟几何结构(例如，从假牙库中、部分长出或完全长出的对应牙齿)尺寸，例如，如以上参考图1和2讨论的，以匹配一个或多个预计牙齿尺寸。一旦选择了这样的虚拟几何结构，数据能够被用于确定如何将虚拟几何尺寸向大或小缩放以更好地适应患者牙齿的尺寸。在一些实施例中，可以将比例因子应用于一个或多个虚拟几何尺寸以匹配一个或多个预计牙齿尺寸或创建泡状的虚拟几何结构。比例因子能够用于向大或小缩放尺寸。例如，为了确保长出中的牙齿不与腔体的表面接触，预计牙齿尺寸的Z尺寸将被放大为使得牙齿不会延伸到远离患者齿龈或其他参考点的位置。
在一些实施例中，可以不同地缩放各个尺寸。例如，X尺寸可以放大5％，Y尺寸放大3％，并且Z尺寸放大7％。在一些实施例中，比例因子还可以应用于一个以上的标准虚拟几何尺寸。这可以在将它们与长出中或未长出的牙齿的预计尺寸进行比较之前，将各种来源的虚拟几何结构的尺寸进行更改，或者调整虚拟几何尺寸，以使其尺寸在应用于下一个患者时是不同的。
各种这些过程能够用于计算目标牙齿的一个以上的预计尺寸(例如，如415处所示)，并且用于为特定患者的特定牙齿以及/或者在治疗过程中的特定时间处创建定制的虚拟几何结构，如417处所示的实例。可选地或者附加地，在一些实施例中，还可以计算泡状虚拟几何结构(例如，在图4的419处)。以这些方式，基于使用上述一个以上的处理进行的个别的分析，每个患者都可以拥有定制的适配的牙科矫正器。
如图4所示，其后虚拟几何结构能够被插入患者的颌的虚拟模型内，用于规划患者的牙齿的移动和/或一个以上的牙科矫正器的设计，如在421处所示。然后可以基于本公开的实施例提供的修改几何结构来将虚拟几何结构定位和定向，以提供用于治疗患者的治疗计划，如423处所示。
在各种实施例中，回归量和/或模型的数量能够依据部分或完全长出的相邻牙齿的可获得性而变化。例如，如果两个相邻的牙齿，两个相对的牙齿和患者齿弓另一侧的对应牙齿都完全长出，则可以选择5-回归量模型。
如果，例如，两个相邻牙齿和一个相对牙齿都完全长出，则可以选择3-回归量模型。然后，已经基于这样的回归而细化的标准虚拟几何结构可以相应地放大/缩小，以通过合适地确定尺寸和形状的泡状空间包含预计的未长出的牙齿。如本文所述，对于虚拟几何结构的不同尺寸，缩放可以是不同的。
例如在MD和BL方向上，每个虚拟几何结构的泡厚度可以是恒定的或变化的。包括预期的牙齿尺寸和/或比例因子的所有的数值计算都可以是自动的(例如，经由可执行指令)，以减少或最小化治疗医师或计算设备操作者的手动调节，并且提高治疗方案的一致性等等。例如，除其他潜在益处之外，创建带有泡状空间的定制牙齿尺寸的虚拟几何结构的实施例可以将虚拟几何结构与在长出期间或者长出之后的实际牙齿的潜在的尺寸不匹配最小化。
在一些实施例中，置位的虚拟几何结构(特别是那些具有泡状几何结构的)可以与相对的齿弓中的牙齿(例如，虚拟几何结构)碰撞(即，齿弓间碰撞)，这会导致碰撞时的开牙合(颌不完全配合或者关闭)。对此的一个解决方案是通过移除将要与相对的齿弓碰撞的腔体的体积来对虚拟几何结构重新定形。
例如，能够根据治疗期间的相对的牙齿的阶段性位置来动态地调节体积，以确保期望的咬合。例如，能够如下识别要被移除的体积：在虚拟模型中，将颌移动到完全关闭位置，并且然后查看数据以识别牙齿可能重叠的位置。一旦识别了重叠区域，就在一个以上的尺寸上修改虚拟几何结构，以移除任何重叠的区域，并且/或者修改一个以上的表面，以更好地与相对牙齿的表面相匹配。
图5在左图中提供了现有技术的用于长出中的牙齿的腔体的实例，并且在右图中提供了根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的用于长出中的牙齿的腔体的实例。如以上讨论的，在一些实施例中，除其它益处之外，牙科矫正器的齿龈边缘(例如，图5的图中的524和530)可以被定形为提供比矫正器的其余部分提供更大的力分布。在诸如图5的左图所示的这样的设备中，在许多情况下，用于虚拟几何结构的齿龈边缘524是虚拟地绕开(bypass)的，这会在制造的校准器中导致腔体520的齿冠高度短。这样的实施方式的目的是防止与长出中的牙齿522的不期望的接触。
在本公开的实施例中，其内具有长出中的牙齿528的腔体526的齿龈边缘530能够与牙齿完全长出时相似地成形，并且从而校准器的机械完整性不会受到损害，并且失真和断裂的机会较少。在一些实施例中，能够随着牙齿持续长出，从一个矫正器到治疗的后期阶段期间佩戴的随后的矫正器地调整齿龈边缘，并且因此，用于实施治疗计划的一系列矫正器中的一个以上的矫正器可以具有不同形状的齿龈边缘。
图6在左图中提供了长出中的牙齿的直线置位的实例，并且在右图中提供了根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的长出中的牙齿的弓线置位的实例。在图6的左图所示的现有技术的实施方式中，基于虚拟几何结构被定位在连接了两个相邻牙齿的接触点(即，两个相邻的牙齿互相接触的点，或者如果两个相邻的牙齿要被移动以进行接触时的将要互相接触的点)的直线637的中点639中的牙齿置位算法，将虚拟几何结构置位于齿弓中。因此，现有技术的虚拟几何置位算法会导致固有误差，即与自然长出中的牙齿将要被定位的位置相比，虚拟几何结构可能被定位成更位于舌侧。该缺点对于犬齿和前臼齿而言更显著，因为通常犬齿在齿弓中的位置处于最凸出地弯曲的区域。
本公开的实施例能够使用一种置位方法，其基于齿弓形态分析(即，考虑患者的颌的齿弓形状和其上定位的牙齿的齿弓样式)，而不是使用直线方法，从而降低了这种固有置位误差。图6的右图提供这样的实施例。在右图中，用线635示出齿弓形态。在这样的实施例中，不采用直线637的中点，方法考虑了齿弓形态635的位置。
在一些实施例中，齿弓形态概念被并入到用于定位牙齿的计算中。例如，可以分析来自一个以上患者的历史数据(在一些情况下，该分析可以包括，例如，数十、数百、数千或数百万患者)，并且能够确定自然长出的牙齿的位置与被置于直线的中点处的牙齿位置之间的距离或数值。然后，该预定的距离或量能够被应用于任意患者，并且用于调整患者的牙齿，使得其更接近齿弓形态。
在这样的实施例中，齿弓形态信息能够被用于识别牙齿被定位成使得其与两个相邻的牙齿接触的位置(例如，在直线637的端部处的点)以及齿弓形态的线的位置(例如，在点641处)。如从该图示所见的，牙齿因此被从直线的中点移出一个距离，这应该使牙齿置位于更期望的位置。
图7示出具有颊侧移位和腭移位的自然长出的犬齿的实例。在图7中，图示出了两个牙齿731和733的不同位置。左图提供了颊侧移位的犬齿的实例，并且右图提供了腭移位的犬齿的实例。虽然这些牙齿是已长出的，但是图7被设置为使得读者能够更好地理解颊侧移位和腭移位的概念。
在一些情形下，可用的齿弓空间对于长出中的牙齿而言不够大。在这样的情形下，牙齿的正常长出可能会被妨碍，使得牙齿可能不能长出到沿着齿弓形态的位置中，如图7的实例中所示。
因此，牙齿可能在偏离的位置长出以避免与相邻牙齿碰撞，导致长出中的牙齿的所谓的颊侧移位或腭移位，如本公开所定义的。如本文所使用的，颊侧移位当牙齿在比其相邻牙齿和/或齿弓形态在更向颊侧的位置上长出时产生，并且腭移位当牙齿在比其相邻牙齿和/或齿弓形态在更向舌侧的位置长出时产生。这样的移位对于牙齿置位算法可能成为挑战，并且因此，治疗医师可能不得不提供输入以确保牙齿模型精确地代表患者的齿列。
在这样的情形下，可以使用本公开的各种实施例，以利用齿弓中的可使用空间尺寸以及单变量或多变量回归模型(例如，颊侧移位犬齿(BDC)预测模型)中的长出中的牙齿的预测尺寸，以对上颌和/或下颌中的颊侧移位的犬齿确定长出中的牙齿的潜在的移位量。例如，可以通过确定可使用的空间尺寸与BDC预测模型中作为第一回归量的预测的牙齿近中远(MD)之间的差来确定潜在的移位量。长出中的牙齿的颊舌(BL)宽度越大，则颊侧移位可能越显著。因此，长出中的牙齿的预测的BL宽度能够用作BDC预测模型中的附加回归量。
一旦确定了从临床评估预计的患者犬齿中的一个犬齿的颊侧移位长出，则BDC预测模型例如能够附加地应用于牙齿置位算法，以提高用于长出中的牙齿的虚拟几何位置的精确度。例如，能够由治疗医师通过使用齿龈触诊、目视检查、X光检查、CBCT扫描等做出临床评估。以该方式，在为患者制造的一个以上的牙科矫正器的设计中，能够考虑一个或多个牙齿的移位。
如以上所讨论的，在一些实施例中，根据本公开的矫正器可以包括多个渐进的牙齿位置调整矫正器。在其他合适的应用中，例如通过影响颌中的个别牙齿的渐进的重定位，能够使用矫正器渐进地实施治疗计划。在一些实施方式中，能够根据虚拟牙齿模型制造矫正器，所述虚拟牙齿模型具有根据本公开的一个以上的实施例调整的数个牙齿的位置。
矫正器还能够包括任意与牙科治疗有关的定位器、保持器和/或用于整形和/或维持牙齿定位的其它可移除的器具。这些矫正器可以由治疗医师在进行治疗计划时使用。例如，治疗计划可以包括使用根据本文描述的模型创建的一组矫正器。
例如，能够从由聚合物壳体制成和/或由其它材料形成其中具有多个腔体的矫正器。腔体可以被设计为(例如，成形为)收纳一个或多个牙齿，并且/或者施加力以将颌的一个或多个牙齿从一个牙齿排列重定位到相继的牙齿排列。壳体可以设计为与数个牙齿适配，或者在许多情况下与上颌或下颌中存在的所有牙齿适配。
腔体能够被成形为与特别的牙齿相匹配。例如，特殊的腔体能够被成形为与本文中要被收纳的相应牙齿的三个表面相匹配。腔体可以与特定牙齿的当前构造稍微不对齐(例如，为了有助于将特定牙齿对齐到期望的构造)，但是腔体可以一般地符合特定牙齿的形状，使得佩戴矫正器时，在腔体与特定牙齿之间不存在多少空间。
如本文所使用的，“第一阶段”不必然地意味着治疗计划的原始阶段，而是相对于其他阶段的相对术语。例如，“第一阶段”可以是25阶段的治疗计划的第二阶段，而“第二阶段”可以是25阶段治疗计划的第十个阶段，例如，“第三阶段”是25阶段治疗计划的第15阶段，并且“第四阶段”可以是25阶段治疗计划的第24阶段。
虽然未特别示出，但是在一些实施例中，对于治疗计划中的特定阶段，上矫正器(设计为适配用户的上颌的牙齿的矫正器)与下矫正器(设计为适配用户的下颌的牙齿的矫正器)能够被设计成相互接合(interface)。
图8示出用于根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的治疗计划的系统。本公开的数个实施例包括能够由处理器执行的指令(例如，软件)，该指令能够被固定在非暂时计算设备可读介质中，以对例如患者的颌(例如，包括牙齿、齿根、齿龈和/或支撑结构等)建模。
除其他的调整之外，指令能够被执行为创建和/或修改治疗计划，以通过应用本文描述的一系列矫正器渐进地调整用户的牙齿和/或咬合。指令能够被执行为针对治疗计划的各种阶段的每个阶段为用户的颌提供修改的模型，用于制造(例如，经由诸如立体光刻这样的快速成型)与虚拟模型相对应的物理模型。物理模型能够用于制造用于该处的矫正器(例如，经由热成型)。在一些实施例中，可执行指令能够从虚拟模型直接创建矫正器，而不使用模具。
图8示出用于根据本公开的一个以上的实施例的治疗计划的系统。在图8所示的系统中，系统包括具有结合了数个组件的计算设备832。计算设备832包括处理器834和存储器836。
存储器836可以包括各种类型的信息，包括数据838和可执行指令840，如本文所讨论的。存储器可以是具有存储在其上的指令的非临时计算设备可读介质，该指令能够由处理器执行以使计算设备执行如本文所讨论的各种功能。另外，存储器能够保持可执行指令的执行中能够使用的数据(例如，关于相邻牙齿的尺寸的数据)。
在一些实施例中，存储器和/或处理器可以位于计算设备832上或在设备之外。这样，如在图8的实施例中所示，系统可以包括网络接口842。这样的接口能够允许在另一个网络计算设备上的处理，或者这样的设备能够用于获取关于患者的信息或者与本文提供的各种实施例一起使用的可执行指令。
如图8的实施例中所示，系统可以包括一个以上的输入和/或输出接口844。这样的接口能够用于将计算设备与一个以上的输入或输出设备连接。
例如，在图8所示的实施例中，系统包括与扫描设备846、摄像机底座848、输入设备850(例如，键盘、鼠标等)、显示设备852(例如，监视器和)打印机854的连接。处理器834能够配置为在显示器852上提供虚拟模型的视觉表示(例如，在处理器834上运行并且在显示器852上可见的GUI)。输入/输出接口844能够接收数据，该数据能够储存在数据储存设备(例如，存储器836)中，代表(例如，与患者的上颌和患者的下颌相对应的)虚拟模型。
在一些实施例中，扫描设备846能够配置为扫描患者的上颌的物理模型和患者的下颌的物理模型。在一个以上的实施例中，扫描设备846能够配置为直接(例如，口腔内地)扫描患者的上颌和/或下颌。
摄像机底座848能够接收来自诸如数码相机或打印照片扫描仪这样的成像设备(例如，2D成像设备)的输入。来自成像设备的输入能够被储存在存储器836中。
这样的连接能够允许在其他类型的信息之中的虚拟模型信息或指令的输入和/或输出(例如，经由键盘输入)。虽然一些实施例可以分布在一个或多个网络内的各种计算设备之间，但是图8所示的这样的系统可以有利于允许对本文所讨论的信息的获取、计算和/或分析。
与存储器836相关联的处理器834能够与数据和/或应用模块相关联。与存储器836相关联的处理器834能够存储和/或使用数据和/或执行指令，以提供包括装接结构的治疗计划。
这样的数据可以包括本文描述的虚拟模型(例如，包括第一颌、第二颌、数个矫正器等)。在其他功能中，样的可执行指令能够包括用于装接结构设计和/或置位、力的计算、装接力的计算和/或治疗计划的指令。
用于矫正器设计和/或腔体尺寸、形状和定位的指令能够被配置为在患者的颌的虚拟模型上创建至少一个腔体，其中长出中的牙齿将被定位在其中。在一些实施例中，可执行指令例如能够被执行为进行包括如下的方法：经由计算设备接收代表多个牙齿的数据，识别表示多个牙齿中哪个未长出或正在长出中的数据，评估牙齿尺寸信息的数据，使用牙齿尺寸信息预测未长出或长出中的牙齿在完全长出后的尺寸和朝向，基于完全长出的牙齿的预测的尺寸和朝向产生新的代表未长出或长出中的牙齿在长出的多个阶段中的数据，并且利用新的数据生成一系列渐进的牙齿排列，以基于代表未长出或长出中的牙齿在长出的多个阶段中的数据而定义建议的正畸治疗。
在一些实施例中，可执行指令例如能够用于评估牙齿尺寸信息的数据，包括获得与未长出或长出中的牙齿相邻的牙齿或者与未长出或长出中的牙齿相对的牙齿的至少一者的至少一个尺寸的尺寸数据。评估牙齿尺寸信息的数据还可以包括基于尺寸的牙齿数据判定未长出或长出中的牙齿的第一预计尺寸。
产生代表完全长出状态下的多个牙齿的信息的数据可以包括例如确定对于虚拟牙齿矫正器的腔体的第一预计尺寸的比例因子，所述腔体被定位成随着牙齿长出容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿。如上所述，比例因子例如能够基于未长出或长出中的牙齿周围的相应的尺寸中的可使用的空间的计算，并且确定尺寸使得在治疗的时间段期间随着牙齿长出，未长出或长出中的牙齿将不与腔体的表面接触。例如，在治疗的其它合适的时间段之中，治疗的时间段可以是从多个牙齿的当前状态直到治疗计划的结束，或者是被分为治疗的多个、顺次时间段的治疗计划中的一个时间段。
图9示出用于创建具有用于未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体的牙科矫正器的本公开的方法实施例的实例。图9的方法用于界定建议的正畸治疗期间的未长出或长出中的牙齿，并且包括在区块960处经由计算设备识别患者的齿弓是否包括未长出或长出中的牙齿。
方法还包括在区块962处获取患者的至少一个牙齿的至少一个尺寸。获得患者的至少一个牙齿的至少一个尺寸例如可以包括获得与未长出或长出中的牙齿相邻的牙齿或者与未长出或长出中的牙齿相对的牙齿中的至少一者的至少一个尺寸。
在区块964处，方法提供了：基于牙齿尺寸数据确定未长出或长出中的牙齿的第一预计尺寸。在区块966处，方法还提供了：确定在牙齿长出时被定位成容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体的第一预计尺寸的比例因子。在一些实施例中，例如，比例因子可以基于未长出或长出中的牙齿周围的相应的尺寸中的可使用的空间的计算，并且尺寸被确定为使得在治疗的时间段期间随着牙齿长出，未长出或长出中的牙齿不与腔体的表面接触。
并且，在区块968处，创建牙科矫正器，该牙科矫正器配置为重定位患者的至少一个牙齿，该牙科矫正器包括腔体，所述腔体尺寸被确定为与未长出或长出中的牙齿的确定的缩放的第一预计尺寸相对应。在治疗期间，例如，随着牙齿长出，根据所确定的未长出或长出中的牙齿的缩放的第一预计尺寸而确定尺寸的腔体能够被定位为容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿。
如本文所述，被配置为重定位患者的至少一个牙齿的牙科矫正器可以是虚拟牙科矫正器(例如，用于治疗计划中和/或牙科矫正器设计中)或者物理牙科矫正器(例如，由患者佩戴，以实施例如部分或整个治疗计划)。
虽然本文已经示出并描述了具体实施例，但是本领域普通技术人员应当理解，为实现相同技术而计算的任何配置可以代替所示的具体实施例。本公开旨在涵盖本公开的各种实施例的任何和所有修改或变化。
应当理解，使用术语“一”、“一个”、“一个或多个”、“数个”或“至少一个“都被解释为意味着代表了一个以上的物品。另外，应当理解，上面的描述是以说明性的方式进行的，而不是限制性的。在阅读上述描述后，上述实施例的组合以及本文中未具体描述的其他实施例对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
应当理解，当元件被称为“在另一元件上”、“连接到”或“与另一元件结合”时，其可以直接在另一元件上、与另一元件连接或结合、或者可以存在介入元件。相反，当元件被称为“直接在另一元件上”或者“直接地与另一元件结合”时，不存在介入的元件或层。如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个以上的相关地列出的项目的任意一者或所有组合。
应当理解，虽然本文可以使用术语第一、第二等来描述各种元件，但这些元件不应被这些术语限制。这些术语仅用于将一个元件与另一元件区分开来。从而，在不脱离本公开的教导的情况下，第一元件可以被称为第二元件。
本公开的各种实施例的范围包括使用上述结构和方法的任何其它应用。因此，本公开的各种实施例的范围应当参照所附权利要求以及这些权利要求所赋予的等同物的全部范围来确定。
在前面的具体实施方式中，为了简化本公开的目的，在单个实施例中将各种特征分组在一起。这种公开的方法不应被解释为反映本公开的实施例需要比每个权利要求中明确叙述的更多特征的意图。
相反，如以下权利要求所反映的那样，本发明的主题存在于少于单个公开的实施例的所有特征中。因此，以下权利要求被并入详细描述中，其中每个权利要求独立地作为单独的实施例。

Claims (27)

1.一种非暂时性计算设备可读介质，该非暂时性计算设备可读介质储存有指令，所述指令能够由处理器执行，以使得计算设备进行：
经由计算设备接收代表多个牙齿的数据；
识别表示所述多个牙齿中的哪些牙齿未长出或正在长出中的数据；
使用一个以上的牙齿长出预测因子预测未长出或长出中的牙齿在完全长出之后的牙齿的至少一个特征；
基于完全长出的牙齿的预测的所述至少一个特征生成新的数据，该新的数据代表在多个长出状态下的所述未长出或长出中的牙齿；以及
基于代表在多个长出状态下的所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述新的数据，利用所述新的数据生成一系列渐进的牙齿排列，以定义建议的正畸治疗；
制造一系列的牙科矫正器以执行所述建议的正畸治疗，其中，所述一系列的牙科矫正器包括具有腔体的壳体，并且其中，与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相关的腔体随着所述未长出或长出中的牙齿长出而被缩放，以避免与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的介质，其中，所述指令使得所述计算设备还进行评估所述数据，以识别一个以上的牙齿长出预测因子，并且包括获得以下牙齿中的至少一个牙齿的至少一个尺寸的尺寸数据：与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相邻的牙齿、与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相对的牙齿、或者所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的对应牙齿。
3.根据权利要求2所述的介质，其中，评估所述数据以识别一个以上的牙齿长出预测因子包括基于牙齿尺寸数据确定所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的第一预计尺寸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的介质，其中，生成代表在完全长出的状态下的所述多个牙齿的新的数据包括确定虚拟牙科矫正器的腔体的所述第一预计尺寸的比例因子，所述腔体被定位成随着所述未长出或长出中的牙齿长出而容纳所述未长出或长出中的牙齿。
5.根据权利要求4所述的介质，其中，所述比例因子基于在所述未长出或长出中的牙齿周围的相应尺寸中的可使用空间的计算，并且所述比例因子的大小被确定为使得，在治疗的时间段期间所述未长出或长出中的牙齿将随着该牙齿长出不与所述腔体的表面接触。
6.根据权利要求5所述的介质，其中，所述治疗的时间段是从所述多个牙齿的当前状态到治疗计划的结束。
7.根据权利要求5所述的介质，其中，所述治疗的时间段是被分为多个连续的治疗的时间段的治疗计划中的一个时间段。
8.一种用于在建议的正畸治疗期间定义未长出或长出中的牙齿的方法，包括：
经由计算设备识别患者的齿弓是否包含未长出或长出中的牙齿；
基于一个以上的牙齿长出预测因子，获得至少一个牙齿的至少一个尺寸的牙齿尺寸数据；
基于所述牙齿尺寸数据，确定所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的第一预计尺寸；
确定牙科矫正器的腔体的所述第一预计尺寸的比例因子，所述腔体随着所述未长出或长出中的牙齿长出被定位成容纳所述未长出或长出中的牙齿并且被缩放；以及
创建所述牙科矫正器，所述牙科矫正器被配置为重定位患者的至少一个牙齿，所述牙科矫正器包括所述腔体，所述腔体的尺寸根据所确定的缩放的所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的第一预计尺寸而确定。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述比例因子基于在所述未长出或长出中的牙齿周围的相应尺寸中的可使用空间的计算，并且所述比例因子的大小被确定为使得，在治疗的时间段期间所述未长出或长出中的牙齿将随着该牙齿长出不与所述腔体的表面接触。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，根据所确定的缩放的所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的第一预计尺寸而确定尺寸的所述腔体被定位为，在治疗的时间段期间随着所述未长出或长出中的牙齿长出容纳所述未长出或长出中的牙齿。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，被配置为重定位患者的至少一个牙齿的所述牙科矫正器是虚拟牙科矫正器。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，被配置为重定位患者的至少一个牙齿的所述牙科矫正器是物理牙科矫正器。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，获得患者的至少一个牙齿的至少一个尺寸的牙齿尺寸数据包括获得以下牙齿中的至少一个牙齿的至少一个尺寸的牙齿尺寸数据：与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相邻的牙齿、与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相对的牙齿、或者所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的对应牙齿。
14.一种牙科矫正器系统，包括：
一系列牙科矫正器中的第一矫正器，该第一矫正器被设计成渐进地实施治疗计划，所述第一矫正器包括第一壳体，该第一壳体具有多个腔体，该多个腔体设计成在所述治疗计划的第一阶段中收纳颌的牙齿，其中所述多个腔体中的至少一个腔体是用于容纳未长出或者长出中的牙齿的腔体，并且其中，所述腔体随着所述未长出或长出中的牙齿长出而被缩放，以避免在利用所述第一矫正器的治疗期间与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿接触；和
所述一系列矫正器的第二矫正器，该第二矫正器包括第二壳体，该第二壳体具有多个腔体，该多个腔体设计成在所述治疗计划的第二阶段中收纳颌的牙齿，所述第二壳体具有与用于容纳所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体相对应的腔体，并且其中，所述第二矫正器的腔体随着所述未长出或长出中的牙齿长出而被缩放，以避免在利用所述第二矫正器的治疗期间与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿接触，并且其中，根据各个壳体的各自的治疗阶段，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的至少一个所述腔体的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向中的至少一者基于对所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向中的至少一者的预测。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体包括齿龈边缘，并且其中，根据各个壳体的各自的治疗阶段，所述齿龈边缘基于将与所述齿龈边缘相邻的齿龈的朝向和形状的预测而定向并成形。
16.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体在如下方面中的至少一方面上彼此不同：尺寸、形状、位置、或朝向。
17.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体具有以下特征中的至少一个特征：基于代表在多个长出状态下的所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的数据的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向，其中所述数据基于患者的至少一个完全长出的牙齿的一个以上的牙齿长出预测因子。
18.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体具有以下特征中的至少一个特征：基于数据的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向，其中所述数据包括与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相邻的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者。
19.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体具有以下特征中的至少一个特征：基于数据的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向，其中所述数据包括与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相对的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者。
20.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体具有以下特征中的至少一个特征：基于数据的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向，其中所述数据包括与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相同类型的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者。
21.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体具有以下特征中的至少一个特征：基于数据的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向，其中所述数据包括与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相对的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者。
22.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体具有以下特征中的至少一个特征：基于数据的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向，其中所述数据包括与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相同类型的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者。
23.一种牙科矫正器，该牙科矫正器具有用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的腔体，包括：
矫正器，该矫正器设计为实施治疗计划的至少一部分，所述矫正器包括壳体，该壳体中具有多个腔体，所述多个腔体被设计为收纳颌的牙齿，所述多个腔体中的至少一个腔体是用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿并且随着所述未长出或长出中的牙齿长出而被缩放的腔体，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述至少一个腔体的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者基于所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向中的至少一者的预测，并且其中，所述预测由因子缩放，使得所述腔体避免在利用所述牙科矫正器的治疗期间与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿接触。
24.根据权利要求23所述的牙科矫正器，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体包括齿龈边缘，并且其中，所述齿龈边缘基于对将与所述齿龈边缘相邻的齿龈的朝向和形状的至少一者的预测而定向和成形。
25.根据权利要求23所述的牙科矫正器，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体在如下方面中的至少一方面上彼此不同：尺寸、形状、位置或朝向。
26.根据权利要求23所述的牙科矫正器，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体具有以下特征中的至少一个特征：基于代表在多个长出的状态下的所述未长出或长出中的牙齿的数据的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向，其中所述数据基于患者的至少一个完全长出的牙齿的一个以上的牙齿长出预测因子。
27.根据权利要求23所述的牙科矫正器，其中，用于容纳未长出或长出中的牙齿的所述腔体具有以下特征中的至少一个特征：基于数据的尺寸、形状、位置或朝向，其中所述数据包括与所述未长出或长出中的牙齿相邻的牙齿的尺寸、形状、位置和朝向中的至少一者。
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