CN105882349A - 电动车辆的散热系统 - Google Patents

电动车辆的散热系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105882349A
CN105882349A CN201610142803.XA CN201610142803A CN105882349A CN 105882349 A CN105882349 A CN 105882349A CN 201610142803 A CN201610142803 A CN 201610142803A CN 105882349 A CN105882349 A CN 105882349A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wind deflector
air
radiator
heat exchanger
cooling system
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Granted
Application number
CN201610142803.XA
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English (en)
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CN105882349B (zh
Inventor
陈泳璿
何明辉
萧仁杰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ganzhou Chang Wei New Energy Automobile Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Thunder Power New Energy Vehicle Development Co Ltd
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Publication of CN105882349A publication Critical patent/CN105882349A/zh
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
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    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60H1/00821—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being ventilating, air admitting or air distributing devices
    • B60H1/00835—Damper doors, e.g. position control
    • B60H1/00842—Damper doors, e.g. position control the system comprising a plurality of damper doors; Air distribution between several outlets
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    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B60K11/04—Arrangement or mounting of radiators, radiator shutters, or radiator blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/08—Air inlets for cooling; Shutters or blinds therefor
    • B60K11/085—Air inlets for cooling; Shutters or blinds therefor with adjustable shutters or blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本公开涉及一种电动车辆的散热系统，包括：热交换器，布置在电动车辆的前部以用于向电动车辆的空调系统提供加热或冷却；第一散热器和第二散热器，分别布置在所述热交换器的前部的两侧；多个可旋转且可调整的导风板，用于改变流过所述散热系统的空气的流动方向。温度传感器包括在所述散热系统内以用于感测电动车辆的电池组和马达的工作温度和环境温度。所述导风板的开启和关闭状态是根据由温度传感器提供的数据来调整的。

Description

电动车辆的散热系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求提交于2015年3月16日的美国临时专利申请第62/133,991号和提交于2015年4月22日的美国临时专利申请第62/150,848号的优先权，这两份申请的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文中以用于各种目的。
背景技术
1.技术领域
本公开涉及电动车辆的散热系统。特别地，讨论了一种散热系统，该系统被配置成再捕获从电动车辆的其它操作部件散发的热量。
2.相关领域的说明
本发明涉及一种由电动车辆的空调使用的热交换器与由电池和/或马达使用的散热器构成的组件。基于电动车辆的新设计，其散热器可布置在热交换器的前面部分的两侧上，以便使热交换器能够充分利用由散热器散发的余热。需要设计特别的导风板，以使得来自散热器的热源能够被吸收到热交换器中，以便在各种条件下提供最佳的热源管理。
发明内容
为了实现上述目的，本公开描述了一种电动车辆的散热系统，该系统包括：热交换器，其布置在电动车辆的空气入口部分处以用于电动车辆的空调的热交换；第一散热器和第二散热器，所述第一散热器和第二散热器分别布置在热交换器的前面部分的两侧处；以及多个可旋转的且可调整的导风板，用于在空气流过热交换器、第一散热器和第二散热器时重新导向空气。
根据本发明，多个传感器被布置用于感测电池组和马达的工作温度和环境温度。导风板的开启和关闭状态可在空调的不同操作状态下和电池组及马达的不同温度下调整，从而使得从第一散热器和第二散热器散发的热能能够以高效的方式利用。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开的示例性实施例的散热系统的控制模块图；
图2A是根据本公开的示例性实施例的导风板的工作模式I的示意图；
图2B是根据本公开的示例性实施例的导风板的工作模式II的示意图；
图2C是根据本公开的示例性实施例的导风板的工作模式III的示意图；
图2D是根据本公开的示例性实施例的导风板的工作模式IV的示意图；以及
图3是根据本公开的示例性实施例的散热系统的控制流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照构成说明书一部分的附图来描述本发明的各种实施例。应当理解，虽然在本发明中使用诸如“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等的表示方向的术语来描述本发明的各种示例性的结构部分和元件，但这些术语在本文中仅用于方便解释的目的，并且可基于附图中所示示例方位来确定。由于本发明所公开的实施例可根据不同的方向来布置，这些表示方向的术语仅仅用于说明，而不应视为限制。在任何可能的情况下，在本发明中使用的相同或类似的附图标记都表示相同的部件。
图1是根据本公开的示例性实施例的散热系统的控制模块图。
如图1所示，本发明中的散热系统的控制系统至少包括：控制器101(其中设有CPU 102)、空调状态输入端103、电池组温度监测器104、马达温度传感器105、电池组环境温度传感器110、马达环境温度传感器112、第一导风板驱动器106、第二导风板驱动器107、第三导风板驱动器108、电池组加热器109、第一导风板111、第二导风板121、第三导风板131等。
空调状态输入端103可用于输入车辆舱室空调的工作状态，所述工作状态包括以下三种状态：制冷、制热和关闭。空调状态输入端103可采取许多形式，包括例如允许使用者手动选择状态中的一种的多位开关。在一些实施例中，空调状态输入端103可采取控制器的形式，该控制器使车辆舱室空调在各状态之间改变以维持所需的舱室空气温度。电池组温度监测器104布置在电池组中，以用于感测电池组中的温度Tb；电池组温度监测器104由多个马达温度传感器105构成，马达温度传感器105布置在马达的驱动部件中具有最高温度的位置处，这些驱动部件可包括例如马达驱动器、齿轮箱等。马达工作温度Tm被定义为这些部件的最高温度读数的平均值。电池组环境温度传感器110布置在电池组的外部处，以用于感测在电池组的外部处的环境温度T3。马达环境温度传感器112布置在马达的驱动部件(马达驱动器、齿轮箱等)的外部处，以用于感测在驱动部件的外部处的环境温度T4。上述温度传感器全部连接到控制器101，并可定期地或连续地发送感测的温度至控制器101。
第一导风板111、第二导风板121和第三导风板131分别布置在车辆的空气入口部分的后面(具体地如图2A至图2D所示)。作为实施例，导风板可为百叶窗结构，并且导风板可以借助于百叶窗的叶片的旋转而处于开启、半开启或关闭状态。在本发明中，本发明的实施例仅通过以开启和关闭状态为例来说明；然而，导风板的半开启状态也包涵在本发明的构思中，并可提供各种实施例，其中空气流甚至被进一步微调或调整以实现所需的冷却或加热构型。例如，在一些实施例中，导风板的各个通气孔或通气孔子组件可以以不同的角度转动，以定制通过导风板的空气流。
当车辆在操作时，空气可穿过开启的导风板。每一个导风板设有一个驱动器，即，第一导风板驱动器106、第二导风板驱动器107和第三导风板驱动器108。驱动器可以是电动马达(从图中省略)，以用于分别驱动第一导风板111、第二导风板121和第三导风板131。第一导风板驱动器106、第二导风板驱动器107和第三导风板驱动器108也连接到控制器101。控制器101分别发送控制信号至上述驱动器，并且驱动器在工作时控制导风板的开启和关闭。
当电池组的温度过低时，控制器101将控制信号发送至电池组加热器109，并且电池组加热器109工作以升高电池组的温度。
如图2A-2D所示，第一散热器220、热交换器210和第二散热器230布置在车身的前部处，或在构造成接收引入的空气的车身的任何部分中。第一散热器220和第二散热器230分别布置在热交换器210的前部的两侧处。热交换器210可以是与舱室空调相关联的热交换器。当空调正在制冷时，热交换器210被配置成散发热量，并且当空调正在制热时，热交换器被配置成吸收热量。当热交换器210在加热和冷却构型之间转变时，各种加热和/或冷却系统部件可调整热交换器210的冷却/加热元件的温度。第一散热器220和第二散热器230可以分别是马达和电池组的散热器。
第一导风板111、第二导风板121和第三导风板131分别布置在第一散热器220、热交换器210和第二散热器230中的两个之间。具体而言，第一导风板111布置在热交换器210前面，并且第一导风板111的两端分别与第一散热器220的右端和第二散热器230的左端连接。在一些实施例中，第一导风板111的中部部分可包括突起，在第一导风板111关闭时，该突起帮助平稳地将接触第一导风板111的中部部分的空气分流。第二导风板121包括两个导风板：左侧第二导风板121.1和右侧第二导风板121.2，左侧第二导风板121.1的两端分别与第一散热器220的右端和热交换器210的左端连接，并且右侧第二导风板121.2的两端分别与热交换器210的右端和第二散热器230的左端连接；第三导风板131包括两个导风板，左侧第三导风板131.1和右侧第三导风板131.2，左侧第三导风板131.1布置在第一散热器220后面，并且左侧第三导风板的两端分别与第一散热器220的左端和热交换器210的左端连接；右侧第三导风板131.2布置在第二散热器230后面，并且右侧第三导风板的两端分别与第二散热器230的右端和热交换器210的右端连接。
当车辆在操作时，空气250进入车辆，并且当第一导风板111开启(由图2A-2B中描绘的虚线表示)时，空气可穿过导风板111直接流过热交换器210。当第二导风板121关闭(由实线表示)时，离开第一散热器220和第二散热器230的空气不能流入热交换器210中。当第三导风板131关闭并且第二导风板121开启(如图2B中所描绘的)时，空气可从第一散热器220和第二散热器230流至热交换器210，从而显著增加进入热交换器210的空气的平均温度。
根据马达和电池组的温度和舱室空调的不同状态，导风板的开启和关闭可被调整，从而最佳地分布由第一散热器220和第二散热器230散发的热量。在一些状态下，由第一散热器220和第二散热器230散发的热量中的至少一些可被传递到热交换器210。下面的附图将描绘可通过完全开启或关闭散热系统的导风板而呈现的四种不同的工作模式。
图2A示出了导风板的工作模式I和导风板影响引入的空气流的方式。
在模式I下，第一导风板111和第三导风板131开启，第二导风板121关闭，因而造成进入车辆的空气250同时穿过第一散热器220、热交换器210和第二散热器230。由于第二导风板121关闭，穿过第一散热器220和第二散热器230的那部分空气250被阻止穿过热交换器210。该模式主要适用于舱室空调正在制冷的情况。借助于导风板在该模式下的这样的布置，电池组和马达的散热对舱室空调的制冷没有影响，同时确保电池组和马达的散热效应。
图2B示出了导风板的工作模式II以及导风板影响引入的空气流的方式。
在该模式下，第一导风板111和第二导风板121开启，而第三导风板131关闭。空气250的一部分首先穿过第一散热器220和第二散热器230，然后在由第一散热器220和第二散热器230加热之后流过热交换器210。空气250的一部分直接穿过热交换器210。该模式主要适用于舱室空调关闭并且电池组和马达的温度相对较低的情况。借助于导风板的这样的布置，空气250中的一部分穿过第一导风板111，以减少穿过第一散热器220和第二散热器230的进风量。当电池组和发动机不需要最大量的散热时，这样的构型可以是有益的。这样的进风量可确保电池组和马达的散热效应，同时也允许一定量的空气250接合热交换器210而不由散热器中的任一个预热。
图2C是本发明中的导风板的工作模式III的示意图。
在该模式下，第一导风板111和第二导风板121关闭，而第三导风板131开启。在该模式下，进入车辆的所有空气仅流过第一散热器220和第二散热器230，而不穿过热交换器210。该模式主要适用于舱室空调关闭并且电池组和马达的温度相对较高的情况。在该情况下，通过关闭第一导风板111和第二导风板121并开启第三导风板131，所有空气穿过第一散热器220和第二散热器230，从而使得穿过第一散热器220和第二散热器230的进风量相比第一导风板开启的情况增加，并且当电池组和马达在较高温度下操作时这样的进风量可增加对电池组和马达的散热效应。这样的构型还可以是有利的，因为它减小了与将空气导向通过热交换器210相关联的由散热系统引入的任何反压力。这样，提供至电池组和发动机的冷却可被最大化。
图2D示出了导风板的工作模式IV和导风板影响引入的空气流的方式。
在该模式下，第一导风板111和第三导风板131关闭，第二导风板121开启，并且进入车辆的所有空气首先流过第一散热器220和第二散热器230，然后在变热之后流过热交换器210。该模式主要适用于舱室空调正在制热的情况。在该条件下，通过关闭在热交换器210前面的第一导风板，空气首先流过第一散热器220和第二散热器230，以吸收从电池组和马达散发的热量，然后将吸收的热量中的一些传递到热交换器210，使得热交换器210可有效地利用从电池组和马达散发的热量，以将暖空气提供至舱室。
图3示出了可将控制器构造成根据空调的操作状态和各种温度传感器的读数以在四种工作模式中的每一种之间切换的一种方式。
图3是本发明中的散热系统的控制流的示意图。控制器101执行如图3所示的步骤。在步骤301中，电动车辆的散热系统被启动。步骤302包括接收经由空调状态输入端103输入的空调的状态信号。在步骤303中，根据在步骤302中接收到的空调的状态信号来执行以下操作。
制热状态：
在步骤304中，通过由电池组温度传感器104发送的信号可接收电池组温度Tb。
在步骤305中，根据在步骤304中接收到的温度信号来判断电池组温度Tb是否低于电池组的优选温度范围的下限T1(T1的第一优选温度为8℃，第二优选温度为0℃)；如果是，则执行步骤306；如果否，则执行步骤317。
在步骤306中，发送控制信号至电池组加热器109，以驱动电池组加热器109工作，以便增加电池组温度Tb，然后重复步骤304。
在步骤317中，发送控制信号至第一导风板驱动器106、第二导风板驱动器107和第三导风板驱动器108，以使导风板(111,121,131)在模式IV下操作。
关闭状态：
在步骤307中，接收由电池组温度传感器104输入的电池组温度Tb信号。
在步骤308中，根据在步骤307中接收的电池组温度信号来确定电池组温度Tb是否在电池组的优选温度范围的上限T2(T2的第一优选温度为25℃，第二优选温度为35℃，第三优选温度为45℃)和下限T1之间。当Tb≤T1时，表明电池在优选温度范围以下操作，执行步骤309。当T1<Tb<T2时，表明电池在优选温度范围内操作，执行步骤310。当Tb≥T2时，表明电池在优选温度范围以上操作，执行步骤316。
在步骤309中，发送控制信号至电池组加热器109，以驱动电池组加热器109工作，以便使电池组温度Tb升高直至T1，然后重复步骤308。
在步骤310中，接收由电池组环境温度传感器110输入的电池组环境温度T3信号；
在步骤311中，根据在步骤307中接收到的电池组温度Tb信号和在步骤310中接收到的电池组环境温度T3信号来判断电池组温度Tb是否高于电池组环境温度T3；如果是，则执行步骤316；如果否，则执行步骤312；
在步骤312中，接收由马达温度传感器105和马达环境温度传感器112输入的马达工作温度Tm信号和马达环境温度T4信号；
在步骤313中，根据在步骤312中接收到的马达工作温度Tm信号和马达环境温度T4信号来判断马达工作温度Tm是否高于马达环境温度T4；如果是，则执行步骤316；如果否，则执行步骤315；
在步骤315中，发送控制信号至第一导风板驱动器106、第二导风板驱动器107和第三导风板驱动器108，以使导风板(111,121,131)处于模式II；
在步骤316中，发送控制信号至第一导风板驱动器106、第二导风板驱动器107和第三导风板驱动器108，以使导风板(111,121,131)处于模式III；以及
制冷状态：
在步骤314中，发送控制信号至第一导风板驱动器106、第二导风板驱动器107和第三导风板驱动器108，以根据模式I布置导风板(111,121,131)；
以上描述了判断导风板(111,121,131)的不同模式的流程图，以便实现能源在第一散热器220、第二散热器230和热交换器210之间的能源综合利用，以最佳地管理能源。
虽然已结合附图中所示具体实施例描述了本发明，但应当理解，在不脱离本发明的精神、范围和背景的情况下，由本发明提供的电动车辆的散热系统可具有各种变型。本领域的普通技术人员还应意识到，本发明中公开的实施例中的参数可以不同的方式改变，并且这些变化应落入本发明和权利要求书的精神和范围内。

Claims (23)

1.一种适合放置在由车辆限定的通道内的散热系统，在车辆的操作期间，所述散热系统将环境空气抽吸通过通道，所述散热系统包括：
热交换器，所述热交换器被配置成为舱室空调系统提供冷却和加热；
第一散热器和第二散热器，所述第一散热器和所述第二散热器布置在热交换器前面且侧向偏移到热交换器的相对的两侧，所述散热器中的每一个被配置成与车辆的操作性发热部件热接触；以及
多个导风板，所述多个导风板被配置成通过在两个或更多个构型之间转变而改变环境空气通过散热系统的流动方式，
其中，在第一构型中，所述导风板布置成将穿过散热系统的环境空气全部导向通过第一和第二散热器中的一个，然后使环境空气在流过热交换器之后随后再汇合，并且在第二构型中，所述导风板布置成允许环境空气的一部分通过穿过第一散热器和第二散热器之间的空隙而直接流至热交换器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的散热系统，其中，所述第一构型为用于舱室空调系统的加热构型，并且所述第二构型为用于舱室空调系统的冷却构型。
3.根据权利要求1所述的散热系统，其中，所述多个导风板包括第一导风板，所述第一导风板定位在热交换器前面且横跨第一和第二散热器之间的空隙。
4.根据权利要求3所述的散热系统，其中，所述多个导风板还包括第二导风板，所述第二导风板布置成防止穿过第一和第二散热器的空气流入热交换器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的散热系统，其中，所述多个导风板还包括第三导风板，所述第三导风板布置成将离开第一和第二散热器的空气重新导向至热交换器的进气口中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的散热系统，其中，在所述第一构型中，所述第一导风板和所述第三导风板关闭，而所述第二导风板保持开启。
7.根据权利要求5所述的散热系统，其中，在所述第二构型中，所述第一导风板和所述第三导风板保持开启，而所述第二导风板关闭。
8.根据权利要求1所述的散热系统，其中，所述车辆的操作性发热部件是马达和电池组。
9.根据权利要求8所述的散热系统，还包括：
控制器，所述控制器用于根据热交换器的操作状态以及马达和电池组的温度来调整多个导风板的关闭和开启。
10.根据权利要求9所述的散热系统，还包括：
第一温度传感器，所述第一温度传感器设置在电池组内；以及
第二温度传感器，所述第二温度传感器设置在马达内，
其中，所述第一和第二温度传感器定期地发送信号至控制器，以指示马达和电池组中的温度变化。
11.一种电动车辆，包括：
车辆底盘，所述车辆底盘限定空气入口；
空调系统，所述空调系统被配置成调控电动车辆内的温度；
马达；
电池组，所述电池组被配置成将能量提供至马达；以及
散热系统，所述散热系统定位成邻近空气入口并且被配置成接收进入空气入口的空气，所述散热系统包括：
热交换器，所述热交换器与空调系统热接触，
第一和第二散热器，所述第一和第二散热器分别与马达和电池组热接触，所述第一和第二散热器定位在热交换器前面且在热交换器的相对的两侧，
多个导风板，所述多个导风板被配置成在开启构型和关闭构型之间切换，以及
控制器，所述控制器被配置成引导所述多个导风板的构型变化。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电动车辆，其中，当所述散热系统在加热状态下操作时，所述控制器引导所述多个导风板以将通过空气入口接收的空气分流，从而使得所述空气的第一部分穿过第一散热器，并且所述空气的第二部分穿过第二散热器，然后所述空气的第一和第二部分随后重新结合以穿过热交换器。
13.根据权利要求11所述的电动车辆，还包括：
电池组加热器，所述电池组加热器与控制器连通并且被配置成当散热系统处于加热模式时为电池组提供加热。
14.根据权利要求11所述的电动车辆，还包括：
电池组温度传感器，所述电池组温度传感器布置在电池组中且连接至控制器，以用于感测电池组的工作温度并将温度信号发送至控制器；
马达温度传感器，所述马达温度传感器布置在马达中且连接至控制器，以用于感测马达的工作温度并将温度信号发送至控制器；
空调状态输入端，所述空调状态输入端连接至控制器，以用于将空调的工作状态发送至控制器；
电池组环境温度传感器，所述电池组环境温度传感器布置在电池组的外部处且连接至控制器，以用于感测电池组的环境温度并将温度信号发送至控制器；以及
马达环境温度传感器，所述马达环境温度传感器布置在马达的外部处且连接至控制器，以用于感测马达的环境温度并将温度信号发送至控制器。
15.根据权利要求11所述的电动车辆，还包括：
第一导风板驱动器、第二导风板驱动器和第三导风板驱动器，所述第一导风板驱动器、所述第二导风板驱动器和所述第三导风板驱动器用于接收控制器的控制信号并且分别控制多个导风板中的第一导风板(111)、第二导风板和第三导风板的开启和关闭。
16.根据权利要求15所述的电动车辆，其中，所述导风板的操作模式包括至少四种模式：
模式I：所述第一导风板和所述第三导风板开启，所述第二导风板关闭，并且空气同时穿过第一散热器、热交换器和第二散热器；
模式II：所述第一导风板和所述第二导风板开启，所述第三导风板关闭，空气的一部分首先穿过第一散热器和第二散热器，然后在变热之后流过热交换器，并且空气的一部分直接穿过热交换器；
模式III：所述第一导风板和所述第二导风板关闭，所述第三导风板开启，空气仅流过第一散热器和第二散热器，而不穿过热交换器；
模式IV：所述第一导风板和所述第三导风板关闭，所述第二导风板开启，并且空气首先流过第一散热器和第二散热器，然后在变热之后流过热交换器。
17.一种适合在车辆内使用的散热系统，所述散热系统包括：
热交换器；
第一散热器和第二散热器，所述第一散热器和所述第二散热器布置在热交换器前面且侧向偏移到热交换器的相对的两侧；
多个传感器，所述多个传感器被配置成确定与车辆的操作部件相关联的温度；
多个导风板，所述多个导风板被配置成通过在两个或更多个构型之间转变而改变环境空气通过散热系统的流动方式；以及
控制器，所述控制器被配置成将所述多个导风板的构型导向成根据从多个传感器接收到的信号而变化，所述构型变化是改变空气通过散热系统的流动方式，
其中，在第一构型中，所述导风板布置成将穿过所述散热系统的空气分流，使得空气的第一部分穿过第一散热器并且空气的第二部分穿过第二散热器，然后所述空气的所述两部分随后再汇合并且同时流过热交换器。
18.根据权利要求17所述的散热系统，其中，在第二构型中，所述导风板布置成允许环境空气的一部分通过穿过第一散热器和第二散热器之间的空隙而直接流至热交换器。
19.根据权利要求17所述的散热系统，其中，第一散热器被配置成与车辆的马达热接触，并且第二散热器被配置成与车辆的电池热接触。
20.根据权利要求17所述的散热系统，其中，热交换器与车辆的舱室空气温度系统相关联。
21.一种适合放置在由车辆限定的通道内的散热系统，包括权利要求1至10中的任意一个技术特征或者技术特征的任意组合。
22.一种电动车辆，包括权利要求11至16中的任意一个技术特征或者技术特征的任意组合。
23.一种适合在车辆内使用的散热系统，包括权利要求17至20中的任意一个技术特征或者技术特征的任意组合。
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