CN105577208B - 用于经由无线电线路对电子设备供电的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于经由无线电线路对电子设备供电的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN105577208B
CN105577208B CN201610109019.9A CN201610109019A CN105577208B CN 105577208 B CN105577208 B CN 105577208B CN 201610109019 A CN201610109019 A CN 201610109019A CN 105577208 B CN105577208 B CN 105577208B
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signal
electrical equipment
antenna
transmitter
power
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CN105577208A (zh
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奈杰尔·P·库克
理查得·C·莱维纳
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/1607—Supply circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于经由无线电线路对电子设备供电的方法和系统。本发明提供用于经由无线电频率线路提供电力至可充电设备的方法和系统。在一个方面，经由无线电频率线路提供电力至可充电设备的方法包括产生基本未调制信号。所述方法还包括根据所述基本未调制信号，经由发射天线发射基本未调制无线电频率(RP)信号至所述可充电设备。所述方法还包括用所述基本未调制RF信号传送的电力对所述可充电设备供电或充电的方法。

Description

用于经由无线电线路对电子设备供电的方法和系统
分案申请的相关信息
本申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2007/001527，申请日为2007年1月18日，优先权日为2006年1月18日，发明名称为“用于经由无线电线路对电子设备供电的方法和系统”的PCT申请进入中国国家阶段后申请号为200780008636.9的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
优先权
本申请要求发明名称相同、于2006年4月21日提交的美国专利申请第11/408,793号的优先权，美国专利申请第11/408,793号又要求了于2006年1月18日提交的、名称为“用于经由无线电线路对电子设备充电的方法和系统”的美国临时专利申请第60/760,064号的优先权，前述两件美国专利申请的每一个在此处全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明大致涉及对电子设备供电或充电的方法和系统。
背景技术
最近的技术发展使得某些电子设备诸如笔记本电脑、便携式电话和PDA(个人数字助理)能够操作各种多媒体应用。然而，这些新的多媒体应用需要大量的电力来运转。不需要将电子设备插入电插座即可对这些电子设备充电的系统是应对这一挑战的好的方案。任何此类设备，例如便携式电话，无需连接至电源线便保持充分充电在便利性和安全性上有着显著优点。
发明内容
一方面，提供配置成经由无线电频率线路提供电力至可充电设备的系统。该系统包括发射机，该发射极配置成产生用于对可充电设备供电或充电的基本未调制的信号。该系统还包括发射天线，该发射天线配置成接收来自发射机的基本未调制信号，并发射基本未调制无线电频率(RF)信号至可充电设备。
另一方面，提供配置成经由无线电线路提供电力至可充电设备的系统。该系统还包括第一发射机，该发射机配置成经由第一天线发射第一信号用于对可充电设备供电或充电。该系统还包括第二发射机，该发射机配置成经由第二天线发射第二信号用于对可充电设备供电或充电，其中第一信号和第二信号的组合对可充电设备供电或充电。
另一方面，提供经由无线电频率线路对可充电设备提提供电力的方法。该方法还包括产生基本未调制信号的方法。该方法还包括基于基本未调制信号经由发射天线来发射基本未调制无线电频率(RF)信号至可充电设备的方法。该方法还包括用基本未调制RF信号所传送的电力对可充电设备供电或充电的方法。
另一方面，提供经由无线电频率线路对可充电设备提供电力的方法。该方法包括经由第一天线发射第一信号至可充电设备的方法。该方法还包括经由第二天线发射第二信号至可充电设备的方法。该方法还包括用第一信号和第二信号的组合所传送的电力对可充电设备供电或充电的方法。
附图说明
图1示出了经由无线电线路对电子设备供电或充电的系统的一个示例性实施例的概略图。
图2A、2B和2C示出了电信号的示例，该电信号可以被图1的发射机12用于传输电力。
图3示出了传达用于从天线携带和传送能量至设备的无线电频率信号的系统的一个示例性实施例的概况。
图4为示出图1所示的可充电设备14的一个实施例的方块图。
图5示出了经由无线电线路对设备供电或对电子设备充电的系统的另一示例性实施例的概况。
图6A、6B和6C示出了两个同向(in-phase)信号如何构造性地干涉(interfereconstructively)。
图7为示出发射两个无线电频率信号对可充电设备同时供电或充电的系统的实施例的方块图。
图8为描述经由无线电线路，使用携带能量的无线电信号对电子设备供电或充电的方法的流程图。
图9为描述经由无线电线路，使用两个携带能量的无线电频率信号对电子设备供电或充电的方法的流程图。
图10为描述调节两个无线电频率信号之间的相差，使得它们同相地到达电子设备的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下的详细描述指向本发明的某些特定实施例。然而，本发明可以具体表现在如权利要求所定义和覆盖的许多不同方法中。在这一说明书中对附图进行引用，其中各图中相似部分用相同数字标明。
词“示例性的”在这里指“例子、例证或例示”。这里描述为“示例性”的任何实施例无需理解为比其他实施例更优选或更有利。
披露了一般涉及用于对诸如电池的电子设备便携式电源充电的方法和系统的某些实施例。更具体地，这些实施例涉及经由无线电线路，诸如通过使用无线电频率(RF)波，提供电力给所述电子设备。
图1示出了经由无线电线路对电子设备供电或充电的系统的示例性实施例的概况。在示例性实施例中，系统包括一个或多个发射机12，每一个发射机12与一个或多个发射天线18通信。图1示出一个或多个电子设备14与一个或多个发射机12通信。
发射机12产生携带电力或能量的信号，通过连接发射机至天线的馈线(未示出)将这些信号发送至发射天线18。在某些实施例中，携带电力或能量的信号可以包括无线电频率(RF)信号。在一个实施例中，发射机12可以包括无线电频率信号源和放大器。无线电频率信号源以指定的频率产生限定功率的无线电频率信号。然后放大器放大信号源所产生的信号，通过适合的接口(例如RF电缆)将放大信号馈送至发射天线。
在一个实施例中，发射天线18可以为全向天线或定向天线。全向天线基本上向天线的周围发射无线电信号，而定向天线将无线电信号集中在特别的角度，例如小于180度的角度。天线所提供的信号角度覆盖范围通常用波速宽度来衡量。在另一实施例中，希望使用定向天线作为发射天线18，诸如带有在0.1-20度之间的波速宽度的定向天线。例如，可以在大约0.05度、0.1度、0.2度、0.25度、0.3度、0.5度、0.75度、1度、2度、3度、4度、5度、6度、7度、8度、9度、10度、11度、12度、13度、14度、15度、16度、17度、18度、19度或20度或更多处选择波速宽度。此外，发射天线18选择成在适当增益内所发射的信号的频率处运转。
在某些实施例中，希望选择具有高功率增益的天线作为发射天线18，使得传输足够的电力至可充电设备14(参见图1)。在一个实施例中，发射天线18的功率增益可以为大约5分贝、6分贝、7分贝、8分贝、9分贝、10分贝、11分贝、12分贝、13分贝、14分贝、15分贝或16分贝(dBd)或更多。在这一文件中，dBd术语描述波速中心处功率密度相对其他可比半波偶极子天线功率密度的公知对数比。当使用带有12分贝功率增益的天线时，例如，发射天线18可以集中它所接收的信号，使得功率增益为来自简单的半波偶极子天线的功率增益的大约16倍。
如上述提到的，发射天线18接收来自发射机12的携带功率或能量的无线电频率信号，经由无线电线路16将这些信号发射至电子设备14。电子设备14可以为包括媒体播放机、个人数字助理(PDA)、便携式电脑(例如个人笔记本电脑)、移动电话或便携式电话、时钟、电子显示器或利用任选自诸如可充电电池的可携带放射源的电力的其它任何设备中的至少一个的任何可充电设备或不可充电设备。典型系统的说明和使用所接收的能量对电子设备14供电或充电的方法至少可以在美国专利申请第2005/0194926号和美国专利第6,127,799号和第7,012,405号中找到，这些在此作为参考并入。
图2A、2B和2C示出了可以被图1的发射机12用来传输电力的信号波形的示例。图2A为纯(例如基本未调制)正弦波信号的二维图形。纵轴表示纯正弦波信号的幅值而横轴表示时间。对于这里所讨论的波形的任何一种，根据上下文，幅值可以表示电压(以伏特衡量)、电场强度(以伏特每米衡量)、电流(以安培衡量)或磁场强度(以安培每米衡量)。如所示，纯正弦波信号为时间的周期函数。图2B为方波信号的二维图形。纵轴表示方波信号的幅值而横轴表示时间。如所示，方波信号为时间的周期函数。图2C为调频正弦波信号的二维图形。纵轴表示调频正弦波信号的幅值而横轴表示时间。调频正弦波信号示为时间的周期函数。在图2C中，0-t1期间的调频信号的频率不同于t1-t2期间的频率。其它波形的信号包括例如连续波(CW)单频信号、调制正弦波信号而不是图2C所示的调频信号，其它周期信号也可以用于携带和发送电力至电子设备14(参见图1)。
应当注意，调制指的是变化载波信号(例如正弦信号)的可测量特性(诸如幅值、频率或相位或者它们的一些组合)以传达信息的过程。由此引起的变化信号称为调制信号。
在某些实施例中，发射机12配置成产生基本未调制信号，经由无线电线路16以携带充电能量(参见图1)。基本未调制信号的示例可以为但不局限于图2A中如上所示的纯正弦波信号。在一个实施例中，纯(例如基本未调制)正弦波信号用于携带和发送充电电力。纯正弦波信号的特点是集中在基本单一的基频上的相对窄的带宽。在另一实施例中，其它周期波信号诸如方波信号、脉冲信号、三角信号、锯齿信号或不规则信号由基本正弦波(basesinusoidal wave)组成，可以使用至少一种谐波正弦波(harmonic sinusoidal wave)。通常，基本正弦波信号具有最低频率，称为基本频率，其通常具有最大幅值。谐波正弦波信号具有基本频率的整数倍的频率以及通常具有小于基本正弦波信号的幅值。因为其它周期波信号包括至少一种谐波正弦波信号，它们具有比纯正弦波信号宽的带宽。诸如图2C所示的一个信号的调频(FM)正弦信号还具有比纯正弦波信号更宽的带宽，由于它包含基本不同频率的正弦波。使用纯正弦波信号来携带能量提供许多优于其他类型信号之处，因此，在某些实施例中优于其它替代物被选择。
在一个实施例中，使用纯正弦信号，发射机12可以有利地达到高的电力传输效率。第一，纯正弦波信号具有窄的频率带宽，这使得天线和其它设备在频率方面被精确匹配以及达到高的电力传输效率。第二，传输波束的单频纯度使能准直传输、限制波束发散性以及导致高的电力传输效率。
另一示例为使用纯正弦波信号来简化系统设计以及降低制造成本，因为不需要调制。进一步地，使用纯正弦波信号将干扰效应保持为最小值，因为纯正弦波信号具有窄的频率带宽。
可以在任何所希望的频率处选择用于传送能量的信号，适合于携带和发送功率的功率电平足以对可充电设备14充电。一般地，示例性的无线电频率信号具有3MHz到30GHz之间的频率。例如，用于传送能量的信号可以为大约30MHz、40MHz、50MHz、60MHz、70MHz、80MHz、90MHz、100MHz、200MHz、300MHz、400MHz、500MHz、600MHz、800MHz、900MHz或1GHz的频率。
许多因素，技术的和非技术的，诸如FCC所允许的人体RF暴露，可以影响寻找用于信号携带和传送电力的频率的搜索。例如，还希望接收天线的等效隙宽会很大。天线的有效隙宽在低频率处显著增加，因为它与波长的平方成正比。因此，传送的电力增加。用平方米来衡量的天线的等效隙宽为来自输入无线电波的、由天线所接收的功率(瓦特)与该波的功率密度(瓦特每平方米)的比值。使用较低的频率给我们较大的有效隙宽，但另一方面，在较低频率处，接收天线的尺寸，诸如偶极天线，对于诸如手机的应用，可能成为麻烦。在一个实施例中，可以选择带有1GHz到40GHz之间的频率的信号，优选地在12GHz到36GHz。在另一实施例中，可以选择带有30MHz到300MHz之间的频率，优选地为88MHz到108MHz。在世界范围内用于FM广播的频带的范围从88MHz到108MHz。这一频带分成带有200kMZ空间的100个频道。由于本发明所涉及的传输不会干扰现存的FM频道，申请作为频道间的空间中的单频传输的双重使用是可行的。例如，这里所讨论的传输可以在100.2MHz频率处进行，其与相邻频道100.1MHz和100.3MHz的每一个相距100kHz。
图3示出了传达用于从天线携带和传送能量至设备的无线电频率信号的系统的一个示例性实施例的概况。在示例性实施例中，发射天线18发送纯正弦波无线电频率信号17至可充电设备14的接收天线148。发射天线18可以为定向天线或全向天线。
无线电频率信号17可以为调制信号或基本未调制信号。在某些实施例中，无线电频率信号17为基本未调制。由于系统中的缺陷，信号在其幅值、频率或相位上可以有小的偏差，对本发明而言，这不会严重降低其实用性。在其它实施例中，出于发射机的合法识别的目的或者为了鉴别哪一个发射机产生用于安装、调整或故障诊断的特定无线电信号，希望有时简单地、有意地调制信号的幅值、频率或相位。在某些实施例中，FCC或者其它政府机构可以要求无线电广播发射机的合法鉴别。例如，可以依靠无线电信号传输中短暂的连续中断来实现合法鉴别，以提供表示该发射机的呼号的莫尔斯电码。在示例性实施例中，使用纯正弦波无线电频率信号17。
接收天线148分别地包括在图1所示的发射机14中。替代地，接收天线148可以外部地连接至可充电设备14。在可充电设备14具有用于数据通信的天线的情况下，接收天线可以与用于数据通信的天线为同一天线，也可以为不同天线。在某些实施例中，接收天线148配置成全向天线，因此允许使用者将可充电设备放置在多个方向中的一个。结合图4，将进一步地详细描述可充电设备14。
无线电频率信号(也称为电磁波)是由电场波和磁场波产生的合成横向辐射波。当天线的两部分之间，例如偶极天线的两个导电棒部分存在电压差时产生电波或电压波(以伏特/米衡量电场E)。当电流经过天线的任何部分，例如电流沿偶极天线中的两个棒的长轴流动时，产生磁波或电流波(以安培/米衡量磁场H)。电场E和磁场H的产物给出无线电频率波的功率密度(以瓦特/米2衡量)。一般地，电磁波的极化(polarization)指的是电磁波的电场组元的空间定向。天线的极化指的是天线所发射的电磁波的极化。当接收天线的极化方向平行于输入的电磁波的电场定向，相比于天线的其它定向，从电磁波发送最大电力至天线。在至少美国专利第5,936,575号中披露了无线电波的极化的概念，此处作为参考并入。
在某些实施例中，发射天线18的极化和接收天线148的极化排成直线，用于最大电力传输。由于希望允许使用者将可充电设备14放置在所希望的定向上，发射天线18的极化可以通过转动无线电频率信号17的电场来调整，适于匹配排列。
在一个实施例中，发射天线18和接收天线148均为定向天线，使得建立固定的点对点无线电线路用于传输。
图4为示出图1所示的可充电设备14的一个实施例的方块图。设备14可以包括接收器单元142和可充电电池146。可充电电池146可以为配置成供应电力至可充电设备14的任何电力储能单元。接收器单元142配置成接收携带充电功率的信号以及用所接收的功率对可充电电池146充电。尽管在示例性实施例中接收器单元142可以被集成进可充电设备14中，接收器单元142可以为独立单元，通过无线或电缆可以将其连接至各种类型的可充电设备14以及通过无线或电缆所建立的线路，将可充电能量发送至可充电设备14。
可充电设备14包括接收天线148，其采集一些由发射天线18所发射的定向无线电频率功率(参见图1)以及传送这些AC信号至整流器152。然后整流器152将来自接收天线148的AC电能转换为单向脉冲信号和/或最终转换成为适合于对可充电电池146充电的DC信号。示例性整流器152可以包括特征是低阻挡层电压或阈值电压(即低功率整流器)的基于锗的整流器，适于如果接收低电平信号就允许激活整流器152。整流器还可以用硅、砷化镓以及其他半导体材料制造。整流器152的特征还可以是无源RF功率传感器，适于整流器152使用来自可充电设备14的功率。
在一个实施例中，接收器单元142包括电压调节器154。电压调节器154可以与整流器152结合或者除整流器152以外，适于在预定的电平调节或限制供应至可充电电池146的电压。当可充电设备14的物质运动引起接收天线148所接收的信号电压显著变化时，电压调节器154可以显著地运转。这一变化可能是由于自发射天线18到接收天线148的几何信号路径中的变化。
在一个实施例中，接收单元142还可以包括一对二极管144和156，这允许可充电电池146通过无线充电单元158或接收天线148所接收的信号充电。无论何时无线充电单元经由无线连接至诸如标准AC电源出口的AC电源，可充电电池146通过无线充电单元158充电。当无线充电单元不提供充电电力时，可充电电池可以通过接收天线148所接收的信号充电。可以在诸如行动电话的多数可充电电子设备找到无线充电单元158的示例。
在一个实施例中，接收器单元14还可以包括用于检测在接收天线148处所接收的信号的功率密度的信号功率探测器162。信号功率探测器可以直接连接至接收天线148、连接至整流器152或调节器154。在一个实施例中，信号功率探测器162被连接成适于探测来自整流器152的信号输出。
如结合图7所述，然后发射天线164发射表示接收至发射机12的充电信号的功率密度的信号(参见图1)。发射天线可以为定向天线或全向天线。发射天线164可以与接收天线148组合或与接收天线148分隔开。在可充电设备14具有用于无线电通信的情况下，发射天线164可以与用于数据通信的天线为同一天线，也可以为不同天线。许多其他替代装置适于输送报告传送无线电信号强度的信号。例如，这一信息可以依靠可见光线或不可见光线(红外光线或紫外光线)、依靠人类可听到的或听不到的声音信号或听觉信号或者依靠连接线来报告。
图5示出了用于经由无线电线路对电子设备供电或充电的系统的另一示例性实施例的示意概况。在这一实施例中，系统包括分别耦连至至少两个发射天线18a和18b的至少两个发射机(图中未图示)，每一发射机传达用于携带和传送能量的基本未调制无线电频率信号以充电电子设备。第一发射天线18a发送第一无线电频率信号17A至可充电设备14的接收天线148。第二发射天线18b发送第二无线电频率信号17B至接收天线148。这些无线电频率信号17A和17B可以选为类似涉及图2A、2B和2C的用于传输上述所讨论的充电功率。这些无线电频率信号17A和17B可以为调制信号或基本未调制信号。在这一示例性实施例中，使用纯正弦波无线电频率信号17A和17B。在其它实施例中，可以使用超过两个的发射机，例如可以同时使用3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多的发射机。
在某些实施例中，希望第一信号17A和第二信号17B基本同相到达接收天线148，以使可充电设备14所接收的电力最大化并实现高效率的动力传送。当两个信号具有大约0度的相差时，它们据说是同相。在一个实施例中，除了当由接收天线18a和18b接收时，两个信号之间有相位偏移外，第一信号17A和第二信号17B基本相同。可以计算相位偏移，使得第一信号17A和第二信号17B在由其各自的发射天线传输后穿过不同的无线电线路，以大约0度的相差到达接收天线148。在另一实施例中，第一基本未调制信号17A和第二基本未调制信号17B为相同角频率的纯正弦无线电频率信号。
图6A、6B和6C示出了两个同相信号如何相干叠加。图6A和图6B示出两个相同正弦无线电频率信号，其中信号的幅值为时间的周期函数。每一信号的幅值表示信号所产生的电场的强度。当到达相同点时，这两个信号相互干扰。图6C示出了这一干扰的结果信号。如图6C所示，结果信号具有的幅值是如图6A和图6B所示的每一原始信号的幅值的两倍。由于无线电频率信号的功率密度与电场强度的平方成正比，图6C中的信号的功率密度是单独考虑图6A和图6B中所示的两个信号的任何一个的功率的四倍。尽管在示例中使用正弦信号，对于其它类型的调制信号或基本未调制信号，可以产生类似的结果。同样地，尽管图6A和图6B所示的示例性信号相同，它们并不必须为了相互相干叠加而为相同幅值。
图7是示出传输两个无线电频率信号以同时对可充电设备供电或充电的系统的实施例的方块图。系统31包括产生共用时钟信号并发送时钟信号至控制器34的时钟信号发生器32。在一个实施例中，时钟信号发生器32可以是振荡器。控制器34可以有各种实施例。在一个实施例中，控制器34为处理器，其可以为任何适合的通用单片微处理器或多片微处理器，或者任何适合的诸如数字信号处理器、微控制器或可编程门阵列的特殊用途微处理器。和传统的一样，处理器可以配置成执行一个或多个程序指令。
根据共用时钟信号，通过发射机12a和12b，控制器34协调产生两个无线电频率信号17A和17B，使得两个信号在共同时帧上。每一发射机连接至各自的发射天线，该天线将所接收的无线电频率信号传输至可充电设备14。然后到达可充电设备14的无线电频率信号17A和17B相互干扰并产生组合信号。然后可充电设备14接收组合信号中携带的能量。无线电频率信号17A和17B的特性可以与图5中所讨论的信号17A和17B的特性类似。
信号17A和17B分别经过它们各自的路径传播到可充电设备14。因为信号17A和17B所采用的路径通常不同，这些信号从发射天线17A或17B传播至可充电设备14所花费的时间可以不同。因此，即使由发射天线12a和12b发射的信号17A和17B带有0度相差，当到达可充电设备14时，信号17A和17B之间可能有相差。这一相差至少部分地根据发射天线12a、12b和可充电设备14之间的路径的长度而变化。控制器34可以引起发射机12a和12b在信号17A和17B之间引入相位偏移以补偿由在不同的路径传播所引入的相差，使得这些信号基本同相地到达可充电设备。
在某些实施例中，控制器34能够追踪可充电设备14的可充电信号的信号强度。如上述所讨论的，可充电设备14可以包括信号功率探测器162和发射天线164(参见图4)。信号功率探测器162检测可充电设备14所接收的充电信号的信号强度，经由发射天线164发送表示这一信号强度的反馈信号。系统31还包括连接至接收器36的接收天线38。接收天线和接收器36接收表示可充电设备14处的信号强度的信号，将相同信号前推至控制器34。如已经注意到的，从设备到控制器的信号可以用光、声或除无线电外的其它方法来实现。
在某些实施例中，发射天线处的信号17A和17B之间的相位偏移的合适值可以通过在一个范围内以递增的方式调节相位偏移以及监视可充电设备所接收的充电信号的相应信号强度来确定。在一个实施例中，除了这些信号被发射前这些信号之间有相差之外，无线电频率信号17B与无线电频率信号17A相同。
在一个实施例中，来自可充电设备14的反馈信号还用于调节发射天线18a和18b的极化，使得其极化与接收天线148的极化排成直线(参见图3)。如有关图3的讨论，当两个天线的极化相互排成直线时，发射天线和接收天线之间的动力传送最大化。通过转动发射天线18a的电磁波的电场的定向，控制器34以递增的方式调整发射天线18a的极化，例如，从0度到90度。监控来自设备14的反馈信号以确定在哪个角度达到最大动力传送。起先，可以以诸如10度的增量调整角度以找到近似最优角度。一旦确定近似最优角度，可以以诸如0.5度的增量调整角度以找到更加接近最优角度的角度。一旦调整发射天线18a的极化以匹配接收天线148的极化，可以重复相同过程以调整诸如18b的其它发射天线的极化。
有很多方法调整天线的极化。在一个实施例中，受控制器34所发送的信号控制，发射天线12a和12b机械地可转动。在另一实施例中，发射天线12a和12b的每一根包括垂直设置的发射元件和水平设置的发射元件。通过以递增的方式划分和反转施加在垂直设置的发射元件和水平设置的发射元件之间的天线上的电压，天线的极化可以从0度到90度调整。
应当理解，排列发射天线的极化与接收天线的极化的方法的上述实施例可以并入图3所示的实施例中。
图8为描述经由无线电线路，使用携带能量的无线电频率信号对电子设备供电或充电的方法的流程图。使用如有关图1、图3和图4所述的用于对电子设备充电的系统来执行该方法。
该方法在方块810处开始，其中发射机12产生电信号并发送同一信号至天线18(参见图1)。如图1所述，天线18可以为定向的或全向的。接下来在方块820处，天线18接收电信号并发射无线电频率信号至可充电设备14(参见图1)。有关图2A、图2B和图2C，以上讨论了无线电频率信号。无线电频率信号可以为调制的或基本未调制的。无线电频率信号可以是单频的。在一个实施例中，无线电频率信号可以为纯正弦波信号。
转到方块830处，可充电设备14的接收天线148接收无线电频率信号并将信号转换为电AC信号。接下来在方块840处，整流器152将电AC信号转换为功率信号。功率信号能够为脉动单向信号或适合于对设备提供功率和/或对可充电电池充电的DC信号，如图4所讨论的。
接下来在方块850处，必要时，电压调节器154调节功率信号的电平，如图3所述。应当理解，在某些实施例中可以取消方块850。最后在方块860处，施加功率信号以对可充电设备14的可充电电池146充电，如图3所述。
图9是描述经由无线电线路，使用两个携带能量的无线电频率信号对电子设备供电或充电的方法的流程图。使用如图5、图6和图7所述的用于对电子设备充电的系统来执行该方法。
该方法在方块910A处开始，其中第一发射机12a产生第一电信号并发送信号至第一天线18a。接下来在方块920A处，第一天线18a接收第一电信号并发射第一无线电频率信号17A至可充电设备14。类似地，该方法提供方块910B和920B，方块910B和920B基本上与方块910A和920A同时执行。在方块910B和920B处，第二发射机12b和第二天线18b发射第二无线电频率信号17B至可充电设备14。发射机、天线和RF信号与图5、图6和图7所述的相同。
接下来在方块930处，可充电设备14接收第一RF信号和第二RF信号的组合信号。在方块940、950、960和970，所接收的组合RF信号用于对设备14充电，与图8的讨论类似。
图10是描述调节两个无线电频率信号之间的相差的方法的流程图，使得它们同相到达电子设备。在示例性方法中，发射天线18a和18b处的信号17A和17B之间的相位偏移的合适值可以通过以递增的方式调节相位偏移并监控可充电设备所接收的充电信号的相应信号强度。使信号17A和17B能够同相到达可充电设备14的相位偏移对应于可充电设备14处的最高信号强度或接近最高信号强度。在示例性实施例中，该方法应用在图7所示的发射两个RF信号对可充电设备充电的系统31中。
该方法在方块1010处开始，其中天线18a和18b接收两个来自发射机12a和12b的电信号，并将两个无线电频率信号发射至可充电设备14(参见图7)。在方块1020处，可充电设备14接收组合的两个无线电频率信号。接下来在方块1030处，信号功率探测器162检测可充电设备14处所接收的信号功率p(T)(参见图7)。然后设备14的发射天线164发送表示所测量的信号功率的反馈信号至控制器34。转到方块1040，经由接收天线38，接收器36接收反馈信号，并发送涉及所测量信号功率的信号至控制器34。如之前所指出的，可以使用除无线电之外的其它替代方法来输送这一反馈信号。
在方块1050处，控制器34确定是否已经达到最优相位偏移，例如，组合RF信号的最大信号强度是否已经由可充电设备14所接收。最优相位偏移是使得两个无线电频率信号18a和18b基本同相地到达可充电设备14的相位偏移。在这一方块1050中，p(T)代表当前功率测定，p(T-1)代表紧接p(T)前的测定，p(T-2)代表紧接p(T-1)前的测定。如果前一功率测定p(T-1)大于它在时间顺序上紧邻的邻居p(T-2)和p(T)，则控制器34将推断在前一测量的期间已经达到最优相位偏移。在一个实施例中，如果p(T)大于或者等于p(T-2)和p(T)这两者，则在前一测量期间，控制器34可以推断已经达到最优相位偏移。对于初始的两个测定，由于p(T-1)和p(T-2)中的至少一个是不可得的，控制器34配置成推断没有达到最优相位偏移。例如，如果它们的任何一个无法得到时，可以赋予p(T-1)和p(T-2)0缺省值。如果已经达到最优相位偏移，方法进入方块1080，其中这两个发射天线18a和18b根据前一的相设置(phase setting)继续发射这两个无线电频率信号。在某些实施例中，在方块1050处，如果当前测定信号功率超过预定值或期望值，例如，信号功率值可以机械地评估，控制器34可能停止相位调整。
如果在方块1050处，控制器34确定p[t-1]不大于p[t]和p[t-2]，该方法转到方块1060。在方块1060处，控制器1060存储当前相位设置以及后来用到的相应的测定信号。接下来在方块1070处，控制器调节用于这两个无线电频率信号的相位设置。在一个实施例中，当调节另一个无线电频率信号时，无线电频率信号的相位保持为常量。无线电频率信号的相位可以以例如10度的增量增加。依靠相位调整所需达到的精确度，增量可以为大或者为小。
在某些实施例中，当用户移动时可充电设备14可以移动，因此，需要控制器34来时不时检查这两个无线电频率信号18a和18b是否同相。在控制器34发现正确的相位设置并如方块1080所示，在该相位设置继续发射这两个无线电频率信号，该方法转到方块1080，其中控制器34检查自控制器34结束最后的相位调节起，预定长度T0(例如1、2、5、10或更多分钟)的时间期间是否经过。如果答案为否定，该方法返回至方块1080。如果答案为肯定，方法转到方块1030，其中控制器34开始新一轮相位调整。
前述说明细述了本发明的某些实施例。然而，应当理解，本发明可以用多种方式实践。例如，尽管这里描述了可使用的方法用于在设备接收天线处优化电磁波的相位和极化，还有很多其它可应用于本发明而无需背离本发明的范围和精神的优化方法。应当注意，当描述本发明的某些特征或方面时，特定术语的使用并不是意味着这里重新定义术语以将术语限制为包括与该术语相关联的本发明的特征或方面的任何特定特性。尽管参考特定示例性实施例已经描述了本发明，很显然，可以作出针对这些实施例的各种修改和变化而无需背离本发明的更广泛的精神。据此，所述书面说明，包括任何附图，被认为是说明性的而不是限制性的。

Claims (62)

1.一种经配置以转移电力至用电设备的系统，所述系统包括：
发射机，其经配置以产生基本单频信号；和
发射天线，其具有第一极化，且经配置成接收来自所述发射机的所述基本单频信号并产生电磁信号以转移电力到所述用电设备的接收天线，所述接收天线具有第二极化，且所述发射天线的所述第一极化被调节以匹配所述接收天线的所述第二极化。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中由所述发射天线产生的所述信号的电场组元的定向基本上与所述接收天线的定向相匹配。
3.一种经配置以经由无线场转移电力至用电设备的系统，所述系统包括：
第一发射机，其经配置以经由第一天线向所述用电设备的接收天线传输第一信号以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；和
第二发射机，其经配置以经由第二天线向所述用电设备的所述接收天线传输第二信号以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号，
来自所述第一发射机和所述第二发射机的所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电，使得所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合产生比所述第一信号或所述第二信号单独产生的幅值更大的幅值。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述第一天线和所述第二天线中的每一个包括单向定向天线。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统，其中每一定向天线的波束宽度在0.05度和20度之间。
6.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个包括基本未调制RF信号。
7.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号中的每一个包括基本未调制磁信号。
8.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述单频在30MHz和3GHz之间。
9.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述单频在88MHz和108MHz之间。
10.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个包括正弦信号。
11.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个主要由正弦信号组成。
12.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个由正弦信号组成。
13.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中，所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个包括基本上无信息的信号。
14.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中，所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个基本上包括载波信号。
15.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中，所述用电设备包括以下便携式设备中的至少一个：媒体播放器、个人数字助理、便携式电脑、移动电话或便携式电话、时钟和电子显示器。
16.一种经配置以经由无线场转移电力至用电设备的系统，所述系统包括：
第一发射机，其经配置以经由第一天线传输第一信号到所述用电设备的接收天线以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；和
第二发射机，其经配置以经由第二天线传输第二信号到所述用电设备的所述接收天线以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号，
来自所述第一发射机的所述第一信号和来自所述第二发射机的所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电，且所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合的幅值大于所述第一信号或所述第二信号的幅值。
17.一种经配置以经由无线场转移电力至用电设备的系统，所述系统包括：
第一发射机，其经配置以经由第一天线传输第一信号到所述用电设备的充电接收天线以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；和
第二发射机，其经配置以经由第二天线传输第二信号到所述用电设备的所述充电接收天线以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号，
其中所述第一天线和所述第二天线的极化被调节以匹配所述充电接收天线的极化，
来自所述第一发射机的所述第一信号和来自所述第二发射机的所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电，在所述用电设备的位置处所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的相差基本上为0度。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中，所述系统还包括控制器，所述控制器配置成调节所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的所述相差，使得在所述充电接收天线的位置处所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的所述相差基本上为0度。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统，其中所述控制器基于所述用电设备所发送的反馈信号来调节所述相差，所述反馈信号表示所述第一信号和所述第二信号的所述组合的功率。
20.一种经配置以经由无线场转移电力至用电设备的系统，所述系统包括：
第一发射机，其经配置以经由第一天线传输第一信号以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；和
第二发射机，其经配置以经由第二天线传输第二信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号，且其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电。
21.如权利要求20所述的系统，其中所述第一天线和所述第二天线的每一个的极化表示所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个的电场组元的定向。
22.一种经由无线线路转移电力至用电设备的方法，所述方法包括：
产生基本未调制信号；
基于所述基本未调制信号来经由发射天线产生基本未调制电磁信号以对所述用电设备供电或充电，所述用电设备进一步包括充电接收天线；以及
调节所述发射天线的极化以匹配所述充电接收天线的极化。
23.一种经由无线线路转移电力至用电设备的方法，所述方法包括：
经由第一天线传输第一信号至所述用电设备的接收天线，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；
经由第二天线传输第二信号至所述用电设备的所述接收天线，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号；和
使用由所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合传递的电力对所述用电设备供电或充电，所述组合具有高于所述第一信号和所述第二信号各者的幅值。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述第一天线和所述第二天线中的每一个包括定向天线。
25.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个包括正弦波。
26.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个包括基本未调制信号。
27.一种经由无线链路转移电力至用电设备的方法，所述方法包括：
经由第一天线传输第一信号到至电设备的接收天线，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；
经由第二天线传输第二信号至所述用电设备的所述接收天线，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号；
用所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合传递的电力对所述用电设备供电或充电；和
组合所述第一信号和所述第二信号以使用所述第一信号和所述第二信号的所述组合对所述用电设备充电，所述组合具有大于所述第一信号和所述第二信号各者的电量。
28.一种经由无线链路转移电力至用电设备的方法，所述方法包括：
经由第一天线传输第一信号至用电设备的接收天线，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；
经由第二天线传输第二信号至所述用电设备的所述接收天线，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号；
使用所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合传递的电力对所述用电设备供电或充电；和
调节所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的相差，使得在所述用电设备的位置处所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的所述相差基本上为0度。
29.一种用于发送无线电力的系统，包括：
发射机，其经配置以产生基本单频信号；
发射天线，其经配置以接收来自所述发射机的所述信号并向用电设备的接收天线辐射电磁信号，其中所述发射天线的极化被调节以匹配所述接收天线的极化；
接收机，其接收来自所述用电设备的反馈信号，所述反馈信号表示在所述用电设备中的测得的信号功率；和
控制器，其经配置以根据所述反馈信号来调节所发送的功率的量。
30.如权利要求29所述的系统，其中所述控制器响应于所述反馈信号而向上或向下调节功率量。
31.如权利要求30所述的系统，其中所述控制器确定是否已经达到了最佳相位偏移。
32.如权利要求30所述的系统，其中所述控制器确定在所述发射机与另一发射机产生的信号之间的相位偏移。
33.如权利要求32所述的系统，其中所述控制器改变所述发送来调节所述发射机与所述另一发射机之间的所述相位偏移。
34.如权利要求33所述的系统，其中所述改变包括确定当前时刻的功率测量值，并将所述功率测量值与前一时刻的功率测量值进行比较。
35.如权利要求29所述的系统，其中所述控制器将当前时刻的功率测量值与前一时刻的功率测量值比较，以确定如何调节功率的量。
36.如权利要求35所述的系统，其中所述控制器减少所传输的功率量。
37.如权利要求29所述的系统，其中所述控制器改变发送来改变所述发射机与另一发射机产生的信号之间的相位。
38.如权利要求37所述的系统，其中所述控制器调节对信号设置的相位。
39.如权利要求37所述的系统，其中所述控制器存储相位值，并递增地改变所述相位值。
40.如权利要求29所述的系统，其中发射机发射一个基本纯粹的正弦波。
41.一种经配置以转移电力至用电设备的系统，所述系统包括：
发射机，其经配置以产生基本单频信号；
发射天线，其经配置以接收来自所述发射机的所述信号并产生电磁信号以转移电力至所述用电设备的接收天线；和
控制器，其经配置以调节所述发射天线的极化以匹配所述接收天线的极化。
42.一种经配置以经由无线链路接收电力的系统，所述系统包括：
接收机，其从第一发射机和第二发射机无线地接收电力，第一发射机配置成经由第一天线传输第一信号用于对用电设备供电或充电，第二发射机配置成经由第二天线传输第二信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个为基本单频信号，
且其中来自所述第一发射机的所述第一信号和来自所述第二发射机的所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用充电设备供电或充电，且所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合产生比所述第一信号或所述第二信号单独产生的幅度更大的幅度。
43.如权利要求42所述的系统，其中第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个包括基本未调制RF信号。
44.如权利要求42所述的系统，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个包括基本未调制磁信号。
45.如权利要求42所述的系统，其中所述单频在30MHz与3GHz之间。
46.如权利要求42所述的系统，其中所述单频在88MHz和108MHz之间。
47.如权利要求42所述的系统，其中第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个包括基本上无信息的信号。
48.一种经配置以经由无线场接收电力的系统，所述系统包括：
接收机，其从第一发射机和第二发射机接收电力，所述第一发射机配置成经由第一天线传输第一信号用于对用电设备供电或充电，所述第二发射机配置成经由第二天线传输第二信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个为基本单频信号，且
所述接收机接收来自所述第一发射机的所述第一信号和来自所述第二发射机的所述第二信号的组合，且所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合的幅值大于所述第一信号或所述第二信号中任一者的幅值。
49.一种经配置以经由无线场从用电设备接收电力的系统，所述系统包括：
接收机，其配置成从第一发射机和第二发射机接收组合信号，所述第一发射机配置成经由第一天线传输第一信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，所述第二发射机配置成经由第二天线传输第二信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个为基本单频信号，
且其中来自所述第一发射机的所述第一信号和来自所述第二发射机的所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电，且
所述接收机配置成接收所述信号，以使得在所述用电设备的位置处的所述第一信号与所述第二信号之间的相差基本上为0度。
50.如权利要求49所述的系统，其中接收机还包括一个发射机，该发射机向所述发射机中的至少之一发送指示相差的信号。
51.如权利要求50所述的系统，其中所述信号指示第一信号和所述第二信号的组合的功率。
52.一种经由无线链路转移电力至用电设备的电力的设备，所述设备包括：
用于产生基本未调制信号的装置；
用于根据所述基本未调制信号来经由发射天线产生基本未调制电磁信号以对所述用电设备供电或充电的装置，所述用电设备进一步包括充电接收天线；和
用于调节所述发射天线的极化以匹配所述充电接收天线的极化的装置。
53.一种用于经由无线链路转移电力至用电设备的设备，所述设备包括：
用于经由第一天线传输第一信号至用电设备的接收天线的装置，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；
用于经由第二天线传输第二信号至所述用电设备的所述接收天线的装置，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号；和
用于使用所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合传递的电力对所述用电设备供电或充电的装置，所述组合具有大于所述第一信号或所述第二信号各者的幅值。
54.一种用于经由无线链路转移电力至用电设备的设备，所述设备包括：
用于经由第一天线传输第一信号至用电设备的接收天线的装置，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；
用于经由第二天线传输第二信号至所述用电设备的所述接收天线的装置，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号；
用于使用所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合传递的电力对所述用电设备供电或充电的装置；和
用于调节所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的相差以使得在所述用电设备的位置处所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的所述相差基本为0度的装置。
55.一种用于经由无线场转移电力至用电设备的方法，所述方法包括：
经由第一天线发射第一信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；和
经由第二天线传输第二信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号，且其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电。
56.一种用于经由无线场转移电力到用电设备的设备，所述设备包括：
用于经由第一天线传输第一信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电的装置，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；和
用于经由第二天线传输第二信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电的装置，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号，且其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电。
57.一种用于经由无线场传输电力至用电设备的方法，所述方法包括：
产生基本单频驱动信号；
基于所述驱动信号经由发射天线向所述用电设备的接收天线辐射电磁信号；
接收来自所述用电设备的反馈信号，所述反馈信号指示所述用电设备中所测量的信号功率；和
基于所述反馈信号调节所传输的功率量。
58.一种用于经由无线场传输电力至用电设备的设备，所述设备包括：
用于产生基本单频驱动信号的装置；
用于基于所述驱动信号向所述用电设备的接收天线辐射电磁信号的装置；
用于接收来自所述用电设备的反馈信号的装置，所述反馈信号指示所述用电设备中所测量的信号功率；和
用于基于所述反馈信号调节所传输的功率量的装置。
59.一种用于经由无线场接收电力的方法，所述方法包括：
经由接收机接收经由第一天线传输的第一信号以用于对用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；
经由接收机接收经由第二天线传输的第二信号以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号；和
接收所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合，使得所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合的幅值大于所述第一信号或所述第二信号任一者的幅值。
60.一种用于经由无线场接收电力的设备，所述设备包括：
用于接收经由第一天线传输的第一信号以用于对用电设备供电或充电的装置，其中所述第一信号为基本单频信号；
用于接收经由第二天线传输的第二信号以用于对所述用电设备供电或充电的装置，其中所述第二信号为基本单频信号；和
用于接收所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合以使得所述第一信号和所述第二信号的组合的幅值大于所述第一信号或所述第二信号任一者的幅值的装置。
61.一种用于经由无线场在用电设备处接收电力的方法，所述方法包括：
经由接收机接收来自第一发射机和第二发射机的组合信号，所述第一发射机经配置以经由第一天线传输第一信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，所述第二发射机经配置以经由第二天线传输第二信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个为基本单频信号，且其中来自所述第一发射机的所述第一信号和来自所述第二发射机的所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电，所述接收机经配置以接收所述信号，以使得在所述用电设备的位置处所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的相差基本为0度。
62.一种用于经由无线场在用电设备处接收电力的设备，所述设备包括：
用于接收来自第一发射机和第二发射机的组合信号的装置，所述第一发射机经配置以经由第一天线传输第一信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，所述第二发射机经配置以经由第二天线传输第二信号用于对所述用电设备供电或充电，其中所述第一信号和所述第二信号的每一个为基本单频信号，且其中来自所述第一发射机的所述第一信号和来自所述第二发射机的所述第二信号的组合共同对所述用电设备供电或充电，且
用于接收的装置还包括用于接收所述信号，以使得在所述用电设备的位置处所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的相差基本为0度的装置；和
用于调节用于接收的装置的至少一个参数的装置。
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