Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
  • C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2410/00—Features related to the catalyst preparation, the catalyst use or to the deactivation of the catalyst
  • C08F2410/01—Additive used together with the catalyst, excluding compounds containing Al or B
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2420/00—Metallocene catalysts
  • C08F2420/07—Heteroatom-substituted Cp, i.e. Cp or analog where at least one of the substituent of the Cp or analog ring is or contains a heteroatom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
  • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
  • C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
  • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
  • C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
  • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, a thermoplastic resin composition containing the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, and films and multilayer films containing these.
• Ethylene-based polymers are used in various molding methods and applications, and various properties are required for ethylene-based polymers depending on the molding method and application.
• neck-in occurs in which the edges of the film shrink toward the center.
• a phenomenon occurs in which the width of the film is reduced and the edges of the film become thicker than the central portion of the film. For this reason, if the neck-in is large, the yield of the product is deteriorated, and the product with the desired width cannot be produced.
• Problems such as sagging and breakage of the melt film may occur in blow molding, and swaying and breakage of the melt film may occur in inflation molding. In order to suppress these problems, it is necessary to select an ethylene polymer having a high melt tension relative to its molecular weight.
• Ethylene-based polymers without long chain branches obtained using metallocene catalysts have excellent mechanical strength, but there are problems with moldability. For example, neck-in increases in T-die molding, sagging of the molten film occurs in hollow molding, and film wrinkles occur due to shaking of the molten film in inflation molding.
• High-pressure low-density polyethylene has a large melt tension and excellent moldability, but is inferior in mechanical strength such as tensile strength, tear strength, and impact resistance due to its complex long-chain branching.
• Patent Document 1 proposes a composition of an ethylene-based polymer obtained using a metallocene catalyst and high-pressure low-density polyethylene.
• the mechanical strength such as tensile strength, tear strength, and impact resistance will be inferior, and if the content of high-pressure low-density polyethylene is low, it will melt. Since the improvement in tension is not sufficient, deterioration in moldability such as large neck-in is expected.
• Patent Document 2 discloses an ethylene-based polymer obtained by solution polymerization in the presence of a catalyst composed of ethylenebis(indenyl)hafnium dichloride and methylalumoxane
• Patent Document 3 discloses an ethylene bis(
• Patent Document 4 discloses an ethylene polymer obtained by gas phase polymerization in the presence of a catalyst consisting of indenyl)zirconium dichloride and methylalumoxane
• Patent Document 4 discloses an ethylene polymer obtained by solution polymerization in the presence of a constrained geometry catalyst. Coalescing is described in US Pat. No.
• the present invention is to produce a molded article (especially a film) which has excellent moldability, excellent mechanical strength, and excellent balance between transparency and blocking resistance as compared with conventionally known ethylene polymers. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer capable of forming a polymer, a thermoplastic resin composition containing the polymer, and a film obtained from the polymer or the thermoplastic resin composition.
• the present inventors have found that by imparting specific melting characteristics and molecular structure to the polymer, it is possible to achieve excellent moldability, excellent mechanical strength, and a good balance between transparency and blocking resistance.
• the inventors have found an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer from which excellent molded articles (especially films) can be produced, thereby completing the present invention.
• the present invention relates to, for example, the following [1] to [6].
• An ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer which is a copolymer of ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and which satisfies the following requirements (1) to (6).
• Density is in the range of 890 kg/m 3 or more and 925 kg/m 3 or less.
• Melt flow rate (MFR) at 190° C. with a load of 2.16 kg is in the range of 0.1 g/10 minutes or more and less than 3.0 g/10 minutes.
• the ratio [MT/ ⁇ * (g/P)] of the melt tension [MT(g)] at 190°C and the shear viscosity [ ⁇ * (P)] at 200°C and an angular velocity of 1.0 rad/sec is It is in the range of 1.20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or more and 2.90 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less.
• the zero shear viscosity [ ⁇ 0 (P)] at 200°C and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by the GPC-viscosity detector method (GPC-VISCO) satisfy the following relational expression (Eq-1) .
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer according to [1] further satisfies the following requirement (7).
• the ratio Mz/Mw of the Z-average molecular weight (Mz) to the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) measured by the GPC-viscosity detector method (GPC-VISCO) is in the range of 4.0 to 15.0.
• thermoplastic resin composition comprising the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer according to any one of the above [1] to [3] and a thermoplastic resin (excluding the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer).
• [5] A film comprising the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer according to any one of [1] to [3].
• [6] A multilayer film having a layer containing the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer according to any one of [1] to [3].
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer and the thermoplastic resin composition containing the polymer of the present invention excellent moldability, excellent mechanical strength, and a good balance between transparency and blocking resistance are achieved.
• An excellent molded article (especially a film) can be suitably produced.
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer according to the present invention is specifically described below.
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer according to the present invention is a copolymer of ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Examples of ⁇ -olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which are used for copolymerization with ethylene include 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene and 1-decene.
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention has the properties shown in (1) to (6) below.
• (1) Density is in the range of 890 kg/m 3 to 925 kg/m 3 , preferably 900 kg/m 3 to 925 kg/m 3 , more preferably 905 kg/m 3 to 922 kg/m 3 .
• the density is at least the lower limit, the surface of the molded film is less sticky, and when the density is at most the upper limit, the molded film has good low-temperature sealability.
• the density is set to a small value, for example, less than 915 kg/m 3 , it is possible to produce flexible molded articles that cannot be produced with high-pressure low-density polyethylene.
• Density depends on the ⁇ -olefin content of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer. The lower the ⁇ -olefin content, the higher the density, and the higher the ⁇ -olefin content, the lower the density. Since the ⁇ -olefin content of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer is determined by the composition ratio ( ⁇ -olefin/ethylene) of ⁇ -olefin and ethylene in the polymerization system (for example, Walter Kaminsky, Makromol.Chem 193, p.606 (1992)), by increasing or decreasing the ratio of ⁇ -olefin/ethylene, an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer having a density within the above range can be produced.
• Density measurements are performed as follows. A strand obtained in the MFR measurement is heat-treated at 100° C. for 30 minutes, left at room temperature for 1 hour, and then measured by the density gradient tube method.
• Melt flow rate is 0.1 g/10 min or more and less than 3.0 g/10 min, preferably 0.3 g/10 min or more and 2.5 g/10 min or less, more preferably 0.4 g/10 min. minutes or more and 2.0 g/10 minutes or less.
• melt flow rate (MFR) is at least the lower limit, the shear viscosity of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer is not too high and the extrusion load is good.
• melt flow rate (MFR) is below the upper limit, the mechanical strength of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer is good.
• the melt flow rate (MFR) strongly depends on the molecular weight. The smaller the melt flow rate (MFR), the larger the molecular weight, and the larger the melt flow rate (MFR), the smaller the molecular weight. Further, it is known that the molecular weight of an ethylene-based polymer is determined by the composition ratio (hydrogen/ethylene) of hydrogen and ethylene in the polymerization system (for example, Kazuo Soga et al., "Catalytic Olefin Polymerization", Kodansha Scientific, 1990, p.376). Therefore, by increasing or decreasing hydrogen/ethylene, it is possible to increase or decrease the melt flow rate (MFR) of the ethylene-based polymer. Melt flow rate (MFR) is measured under conditions of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg according to JIS K 7210.
• the ratio [MT/ ⁇ * (g/P)] of the melt tension [MT(g)] and the shear viscosity [ ⁇ * (P)] at 200°C and an angular velocity of 1.0 rad/sec is 1.20. ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 2.90 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 , preferably 1.30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 2.70 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 , more preferably 1.30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 2.45 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 in the range.
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer When MT/ ⁇ * is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer has high melt tension relative to its molecular weight and is excellent in moldability. When MT/ ⁇ * is equal to or lower than the upper limit, the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer has excellent mechanical strength.
• MT/ ⁇ * depends on the long-chain branching content of the ethylene-based polymer .
• Long-chain branching is defined as a branched structure with a length longer than the molecular weight (Me) between entanglement points contained in the ethylene-based polymer. It is known to change remarkably (for example, edited by Kazuo Matsuura et al., "Polyethylene Technology Reader", Industrial Research Institute, 2001, p.32, 36).
• MT/ ⁇ * can be adjusted depending on the type of the component (A) or the solid carrier (S) of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) described below. Moreover, even when the same olefin polymerization catalyst (X) is used, it can be adjusted by the polymerization conditions or the polymerization process. For example, MT/ ⁇ * can be lowered by increasing the ethylene partial pressure. MT/ ⁇ * near the lower limit can be obtained by the manufacturing conditions of Example 3 described later, and MT/ ⁇ * near the upper limit can be obtained by the manufacturing conditions of Example 5 described later.
• the melt tension [MT (g)] is measured as follows.
• Melt tension (MT) (unit: g) is determined by measuring the stress when stretching at a constant speed.
• a capillary rheometer is used for the measurement (for example, a capillary rheometer: Capilograph 1D manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. was used in the examples described later).
• the conditions are resin temperature 190°C, melting time 6 minutes, barrel diameter 9.55 mm ⁇ , extrusion speed 15 mm/min, winding speed 24 m/min (if the molten filament breaks, reduce the winding speed by 5 m/min) ), a nozzle diameter of 2.095 mm, and a nozzle length of 8 mm.
• the shear viscosity [ ⁇ * (P)] at 200°C and an angular velocity of 1.0 rad/sec is measured as follows.
• the shear viscosity ( ⁇ * ) is measured by angular velocity [ ⁇ (rad/sec)] dispersion of the shear viscosity ( ⁇ * ) at a measurement temperature of 200°C within the range of 0.01 ⁇ 100.
• a viscoelasticity measuring device was used (for example, in the examples described later, a viscoelasticity measuring device Physica MCR301 manufactured by Anton Paar was used), a parallel plate of 25 mm ⁇ was used as a sample holder, and the sample thickness was about 2 mm. 0 mm.
• the measurement points are 5 points per one digit of ⁇ .
• the amount of strain is appropriately selected within the range of 3 to 10% so that the torque can be detected within the measurement range and the torque is not over.
• the samples used for shear viscosity measurement were obtained by using a molding machine (for example, a press molding machine manufactured by Shindo Kinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used in the examples described later), preheating temperature 190 ° C., preheating time 5 minutes, heating temperature 190 ° C., heating A measurement sample is press-molded to a thickness of 2 mm under conditions of 2 minutes, heating pressure of 100 kgf/cm 2 , cooling temperature of 20° C., cooling time of 5 minutes, and cooling pressure of 100 kgf/cm 2 .
• a molding machine for example, a press molding machine manufactured by Shindo Kinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used in the examples described later
• preheating temperature 190 ° C. preheating time 5 minutes
• heating temperature 190 ° C. heating A measurement sample is press-molded to a thickness of 2 mm under conditions of 2 minutes, heating pressure of 100 kgf/cm 2 , cooling temperature of 20° C., cooling time of 5 minutes
• zero shear viscosity [ ⁇ 0 (P)] and weight average molecular weight (Mw) is thought to depend on the content and length of long chain branches in the ethylene polymer.
• the zero shear viscosity [ ⁇ 0 (P)] decreases as the content of long chain branches increases and the length of long chain branches decreases. [ ⁇ 0 (P)] is considered to show a large value.
• the zero-shear viscosity [ ⁇ 0 (P)] can be adjusted depending on the type of the component (A) or the solid carrier (S) of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) described below. In addition, even when the same olefin polymerization catalyst (X) is used, the polymerization conditions or polymerization process can be adjusted. For example, by increasing the ethylene partial pressure, the zero shear viscosity [ ⁇ 0 (P)] can be increased. be able to.
• Zero-shear viscosity [ ⁇ 0 (P)] at 200° C. is measured as follows. At a measurement temperature of 200° C., the angular velocity ⁇ (rad/sec) dispersion of shear viscosity ( ⁇ * ) is measured in the range of 0.01 ⁇ 100.
• a viscoelasticity measuring device was used for the measurement (for example, a viscoelasticity measuring device Physica MCR301 manufactured by Anton Paar was used in the examples described later), a 25 mm ⁇ parallel plate was used as a sample holder, and the sample thickness was set to about 2.5 mm. 0 mm.
• the measurement points are 5 points per one digit of ⁇ .
• the amount of strain is appropriately selected within the range of 3 to 10% so that the torque can be detected within the measurement range and the torque is not over.
• the samples used for shear viscosity measurement were obtained by using a molding machine (for example, a press molding machine manufactured by Shindo Kinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used in the examples described later), preheating temperature 190 ° C., preheating time 5 minutes, heating temperature 190 ° C., heating A measurement sample is press-molded to a thickness of 2 mm under conditions of 2 minutes, heating pressure of 100 kgf/cm 2 , cooling temperature of 20° C., cooling time of 5 minutes, and cooling pressure of 100 kgf/cm 2 .
• a molding machine for example, a press molding machine manufactured by Shindo Kinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used in the examples described later
• preheating temperature 190 ° C. preheating time 5 minutes
• heating temperature 190 ° C. heating A measurement sample is press-molded to a thickness of 2 mm under conditions of 2 minutes, heating pressure of 100 kgf/cm 2 , cooling temperature of 20° C., cooling time of 5 minutes
• the zero shear viscosity ( ⁇ 0 ) is calculated by fitting the Carreau model of the following formula to the actually measured rheology curve [angular velocity ( ⁇ ) dispersion of shear viscosity ( ⁇ * )] by the nonlinear least squares method.
• ⁇ * ⁇ 0 [1 + ( ⁇ ) a ] (n-1)/a [ ⁇ is a parameter with the dimension of time, a is a fitting parameter, and n is a power law index of the material. ] Fitting by the nonlinear least squares method is performed so that d in the following equation is minimized.
• a differential refractometer and a capillary viscometer were used as detectors, the column temperature was 145°C, o-dichlorobenzene was used as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, and the sample concentration was 0.1% by weight. , using polystyrene as the standard polymer.
• an Agilent GPC-viscosity detector (GPC-VISCO) PL-GPC220 was used as the measurement device, two Agilent PLgel Olexis were used as the analytical columns, and standard polystyrene was manufactured by Tosoh Corporation.
• the measured viscosity is calculated from the viscometer and refractometer, and the number average molecular weight (Mn), weight average molecular weight (Mw), Z average molecular weight (Mz), molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn, Mz /Mw).
• Mz/Mw-Mw/Mn can be adjusted depending on the type of component (A) or solid support (S) of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) described later, and the same olefin polymerization catalyst (X) is used. Even if it does, it can be adjusted by the polymerization conditions or the polymerization process. Mz/Mw-Mw/Mn near the lower limit can be obtained by the production conditions of Example 2 described later, and Mz/Mw-Mw/Mn near the upper limit can be obtained by the polymerization conditions of Example 1 described later.
• the number average molecular weight (Mn), weight average molecular weight (Mw) and Z average molecular weight (Mz) are measured by the methods described above. (6) Multiple peaks are present in the melting curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
• DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention preferably has the properties shown in (7) below.
• the ratio (Mz/Mw) of the Z-average molecular weight (Mz) to the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) measured by the GPC-viscosity detector method (GPC-VISCO) is 4.0 to 15.0, preferably 5 .0 to 12.0, more preferably 6.0 to 10.0.
• the larger the Mz/Mw the more the high-molecular-weight components.
• the Mz/Mw is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the blocking resistance is excellent, and when the Mz/Mw is equal to or lower than the upper limit, the transparency is excellent.
• Mz/Mw can be adjusted depending on the type of component (A) or solid carrier (S) of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) described later, and when the same olefin polymerization catalyst (X) is used, can be adjusted by the polymerization conditions or the polymerization process.
• Mz/Mw near the lower limit can be obtained by the production conditions of Example 3 described later
• Mz/Mw near the upper limit can be obtained by the polymerization conditions of Example 4 described later.
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention preferably has the properties shown in (8) below. (8) The following relational expression ( satisfy Eq-3).
• the limiting viscosity [[ ⁇ ] (dl/g)] can be adjusted by the type of the component (A) or the solid carrier (S) of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) described below. In addition, even when the same olefin polymerization catalyst (X) is used, it can be adjusted by the polymerization conditions or the polymerization process. For example, the intrinsic viscosity [[ ⁇ ] (dl/g)] can be raised. The intrinsic viscosity near the lower limit [[ ⁇ ] (dl/g)] under the manufacturing conditions of Example 4 described later, and the intrinsic viscosity near the upper limit [[ ⁇ ] (dl/g) under the manufacturing conditions of Example 2 described later. ] can be obtained.
• the intrinsic viscosity [[ ⁇ ] (dl/g)] is measured using decalin solvent as follows. About 20 mg of a measurement sample is dissolved in 15 ml of decalin, and the specific viscosity ⁇ sp is measured in an oil bath at 135°C. 5 ml of decalin solvent is added to this decalin solution to dilute it, and then the specific viscosity ⁇ sp is measured in the same manner. This dilution operation is repeated twice, and the value of ⁇ sp/C when the concentration (C) is extrapolated to 0 as shown in the following formula is determined as the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (unit: dl/g).
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention is efficiently produced by polymerizing ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst (X) consisting of the following components. be able to.
• X olefin polymerization catalyst
• the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) comprises the following component (A) and solid carrier (S).
• Component (A) is a transition metal compound represented by the following formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as “transition metal compound (1)”).
• the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) contains at least one transition metal compound (1). That is, one type of transition metal compound (1) may be used as the component (A), or a plurality of types may be used.
• M is a zirconium atom or a hafnium atom, preferably a zirconium atom.
• n is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 2, selected so that the transition metal compound (1) is electrically neutral.
• each X is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group or a conjugated diene derivative group, preferably is a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the halogen atom includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, with chlorine being particularly preferred.
• hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include: methyl group, ethyl group, 1-propyl group, 1-butyl group, 1-pentyl group, 1-hexyl group, 1-heptyl group, 1-octyl group, iso-propyl group, sec-butyl group (butane-2- yl group), tert-butyl group (2-methylpropan-2-yl group), iso-butyl group (2-methylpropyl group), pentan-2-yl group, 2-methylbutyl group, iso-pentyl group (3 -methylbutyl group), neopentyl group (2,2-dimethylpropyl group), siamyl group (1,2-dimethylpropyl group), iso-hexyl group (4-methylpentyl group), 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 2 ,3-
• the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be a halogen-substituted hydrocarbon group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are substituted with halogen atoms, and Examples include fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentachloroethyl, pentafluorophenylmethyl, fluorophenyl, difluorophenyl group, trifluorophenyl group, tetrafluorophenyl group, pentafluorophenyl group, trifluoromethylphenyl group and bistrifluoromethylphenyl group, preferably pentafluorophenyl group.
• silicon-containing group examples include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tri-iso-propylsilyl group, diphenylmethylsilyl group, tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, tris ( trimethylsilyl)silyl group, trimethylsilylmethyl group and the like, preferably trimethylsilylmethyl group.
• oxygen-containing group examples include methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, iso-propoxy group, allyloxy group, n-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, iso-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group and benzyloxy group.
• nitrogen-containing group examples include amino group, cyano group, methylamino group, dimethylamino group, ethylamino group, diethylamino group, allylamino group, diallylamino group, benzylamino group, dibenzylamino group, pyrrolidinyl group, piperidinyl groups, morpholyl groups, pyrrolyl groups, bistrifurylimide groups, and the like.
• Examples of the conjugated diene derivative group include a 1,3-butadienyl group, an isoprenyl group (2-methyl-1,3-butadienyl group), a piperylenyl group (1,3-pentadienyl group), and a 2,4-hexadienyl group. , 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-pentadienyl group and cyclopentadienyl group, preferably 1,3-butadienyl group and 1,3-pentadienyl group.
• Q is a carbon atom or a silicon atom, preferably a silicon atom.
• R 1 to R 14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• it is a nitrogen-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• Hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms as R 1 to R 14 include methyl group, ethyl group, 1-propyl group, 1-butyl group, 1-pentyl group, 1-hexyl group, 1-heptyl group, 1-octyl group, iso-propyl group, sec-butyl group (butan-2-yl group), tert-butyl group (2-methylpropan-2-yl group), iso-butyl group (2-methylpropyl group) , pentan-2-yl group, 2-methylbutyl group, iso-pentyl group (3-methylbutyl group), neopentyl group (2,2-dimethylpropyl group), siamyl group (1,2-dimethylpropyl group), iso- hexyl group (4-methylpentyl group), 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 2,3-dimethylbutyl group, 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, thexyl group (2,3
• Cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cycloheptatrienyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornenyl group, a 1-adamantyl group, and a 2-adamantyl group; Phenyl group, tolyl group (methylphenyl group), xylyl group (dimethylphenyl group), mesityl group (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl group), cumenyl group (iso-propylphenyl group), juryl group (2,3, 5,6-tetramethylphenyl group), 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl group, 2,4,6-tri-iso-propylphenyl group, 4-ter
• Silicon-containing groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms as R 1 to R 14 include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tri-iso-propylsilyl group, tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group and cyclopentadienyl.
• dimethylsilyl group dimethylsilyl group, cyclopentadienyldiphenylsilyl group, indenyldimethylsilyl group, fluorenyldimethylsilyl group, 4-trimethylsilylphenyl group, 4-triethylsilylphenyl group, 4-tri-iso-propylsilylphenyl group, 3 , 5-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenyl group and the like are preferred, trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, 4-trimethylsilylphenyl group, 4-triethylsilylphenyl group, 4-tri-iso-propylsilylphenyl group , 3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenyl groups.
• the oxygen-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms as R 1 to R 14 includes methoxy, ethoxy, iso-propoxy, allyloxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, prenyloxy, benzyloxy, phenoxy group, naphthoxy group, toluyloxy group, iso-propylphenoxy group, allylphenoxy group, tert-butylphenoxy group, methoxyphenoxy group, biphenyloxy group, binaphthyloxy group, allyloxymethyl group, benzyloxymethyl group, phenoxymethyl group, methoxyethyl group, methoxyallyl group, benzyloxyallyl group, phenoxyallyl group, dimethoxymethyl group, dioxolanyl group, tetramethyldioxolanyl group, dioxanyl group, dimethyldioxanyl group, methoxyphenyl group, iso-propoxyphenyl group
• the nitrogen-containing groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms as R 1 to R 14 are amino group, dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, allylamino group, benzylamino group, dibenzylamino group, pyrrolidinyl group, piperidinyl group, morpholyl group, dimethyl aminomethyl group, benzylaminomethyl group, pyrrolidinylmethyl group, dimethylaminoethyl group, pyrrolidinylethyl group, dimethylaminopropyl group, pyrrolidinylpropyl group, dimethylaminoallyl group, pyrrolidinylallyl group, aminophenyl group, dimethylaminophenyl group, 3,5-dimethyl-4-dimethylaminophenyl group, 3,5-di-iso-propyl-4-dimethylaminophenyl group, julolidinyl group, tetramethyljulolidinyl group,
• amino group preferably amino group, dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, pyrrolidinyl group, dimethylaminophenyl group, 3,5-dimethyl-4-dimethylaminophenyl group, 3,5-di-iso-propyl-4-dimethylaminophenyl group , julolidinyl group, tetramethyljulolidinyl group, pyrrolidinylphenyl group, pyrrolyl group, pyridyl group, carbazolyl group and imidazolyl group.
• adjacent substituents among R 1 to R 6 may combine with each other to form a ring which may have a substituent.
• the ring formed in this case is composed of a saturated hydrocarbon (excluding the hydrocarbon of the indenyl ring portion) or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, optionally having a substituent, condensed to the indenyl ring portion.
• ⁇ 8 membered rings are preferred.
• these may mutually be the same or different.
• the ring is more preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring.
• a nyl ring, a tetrahydroindacene ring, and a cyclopentatetrahydronaphthalene ring can be mentioned, and a benzoindenyl ring and a tetrahydroindacene ring are preferred. These rings may have a substituent.
• adjacent substituents among R 7 to R 12 may combine with each other to form a ring which may have a substituent.
• the ring formed in this case consists of a saturated hydrocarbon (excluding the hydrocarbon of the indenyl ring portion) or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, optionally having a substituent, condensed to the indenyl ring portion.
• a 5- to 8-membered ring is preferred.
• these may mutually be the same or different.
• the ring is more preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring.
• a nil ring, a tetrahydroindacene ring, a cyclopentatetrahydronaphthalene ring, a tetrahydrofluorene ring, and a fluorene ring can be mentioned, and a benzoindenyl ring and a tetrahydroindacene ring are preferred. These rings may have a substituent.
• R 13 and R 14 may combine with each other to form a ring containing Q, and these rings may have a substituent.
• the ring formed in this case preferably forms an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring. Although it is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited, it is preferably a 4- to 6-membered ring.
• the structure together with Q may be, for example, a cyclobutane ring, a cyclopentane ring, a fluorene ring, or a silacyclobutane (siletane) ring.
• silacyclopentane silane
• silacyclohexane sinane
• silafluorene ring preferably cyclopentane ring, silacyclobutane ring, and silacyclopentane ring. These rings may have a substituent.
• the transition metal compound (1) is represented by 2-indenyl ring moiety, 1-indenyl ring moiety, indenyl ring moiety R 1 , R 6 and R 8 substituents, indenyl ring moieties R 2 , R 5 , R 9 and R 12 substituents; indenyl ring moieties R 3 , R 4 , R 10 and R 11 substituents; 1-indenyl ring moieties R 7 substituents; It is divided into seven parts of the structure.
• the abbreviation of the 2-indenyl ring moiety is ⁇
• the abbreviation of the 1-indenyl ring moiety is ⁇
• the abbreviation of the substituents of the indenyl ring moiety R 1 , R 6 and R 8 is ⁇
• the abbreviation for the R 12 substituent is ⁇
• the abbreviation for the R 3 , R 4 , R 10 and R 11 substituents in the indenyl ring portion is ⁇
• the abbreviation for the R 7 substituent in the 1-indenyl ring portion is ⁇
• the abbreviation for the structure of the bridging portion. is ⁇
• abbreviations of each substituent are shown in [Table 1] to [Table 7].
• R 1 , R 6 and R 8 substituents in [Table 3] may be the same or different in combination.
• R 2 , R 5 , R 9 and R 12 substituents in [Table 4] may be the same or different in combination.
• R 3 , R 4 , R 10 and R 11 substituents in [Table 5] may be the same or different in combination.
• the metal portion MXn include: ZrF2, ZrCl2 , ZrBr2 , ZrI2 , Zr(Me) 2 , Zr(Bn) 2 , Zr(Allyl) 2 , Zr( CH2 -tBu)2 , Zr(1,3-butadienyl), Zr( 1,3-pentadienyl), Zr(2,4-hexadienyl), Zr(1,4-diphenyl-1,3-pentadienyl), Zr(CH 2 —Si(Me) 3 ) 2 , Zr(OMe) 2 , Zr(OiPr) 2 , Zr(NMe2) 2 , Zr( OMs ) 2 , Zr(OTs) 2 , Zr(OTf) 2 , HfF 2 , HfCl 2 , HfBr 2 , HfI 2 , Hf(Me) 2 , Hf(B
• Me is a methyl group
• Bn is a benzyl group
• tBu is a tert-butyl group
• Si(Me) 3 is a trimethylsilyl group
• OMe is a methoxy group
• OiPr is an iso-propoxy group
• NMe2 is a dimethylamino group
• OMs is methanesulfonate.
• OTs is the p-toluenesulfonate group and OTf is the trifluoromethanesulfonate group.
• the 2-indenyl ring moiety is ⁇ -1 in [Table 1]
• the 1-indenyl ring moiety is ⁇ -5 in [Table 2]
• the indenyl ring moieties R 1 , R 6 and R 8 All substituents are ⁇ -1,2-indenyl ring moieties R 2 and R 5 in [Table 3]
• All substituents are ⁇ -1,2-indenyl ring moieties R 3 and R 4 in [Table 4]
• All of the substituents are the ⁇ -1,1-indenyl ring moiety R 7 substituent in [Table 5] and the ⁇ -30, 1-indenyl ring moiety R 9 substituent in [Table 6]
• the ⁇ -38, 1-indenyl ring portion R 12 substituent is ⁇ -3 in [Table 4]
• the bridging portion is ⁇ -20 in [Table 7]
• the metal portion MXn is ZrCl 2
• the compound represented by the following formula [6] is exempl
• the 2-indenyl ring moiety is ⁇ -1 in [Table 1]
• the 1-indenyl ring moiety is ⁇ -2 in [Table 2]
• the indenyl ring moiety R 1 , R 6 and R 8 substituents are all ⁇ -1,2-indenyl ring moieties
• R 2 and R 5 substituents in [Table 3] are both ⁇ -2,2-indenyl ring moieties R 3 and R 4 substituents in [Table 4]
• the ⁇ -1,1-indenyl ring moiety in [Table 5] consists of a combination of the R 7 substituent of ⁇ -1 in [Table 6] and the bridging moiety of ⁇ -4 in [Table 7], and the metal moiety is Zr(NMe 2 ) 2 , the compound represented by the following formula [7] is exemplified.
• the 2-indenyl ring moiety in [Table 1 ] is the ⁇ -3,1 - indenyl ring moiety in [Table 2] and the ⁇ -1,2-indenyl ring moiety in [Table 2] ⁇ -2, indenyl ring moieties R 2 , R 5 and R 12 substituents in [Table 3] are all the ⁇ -1,1-indenyl ring moieties R 7 substituents in [Table 4]
• the ⁇ -12,1-indenyl ring moiety R 8 substituent in [Table 3] is the ⁇ -1,1-indenyl ring moiety
• R 9 substituent in [Table 4] is the ⁇ -42,1-indenyl ring moiety in [Table 4]
• the R 10 substituent is ⁇ -3 in [Table 5]
• R 11 substituent is ⁇ -12 in [Table 5]
• the bridging moiety is ⁇ -31 in [Table 7].
• the 2-indenyl ring moiety in [Table 1] is the ⁇ -1,1-indenyl ring moiety in [Table 2] and the ⁇ - 1,2 - indenyl ring moiety in [Table 2] ⁇ -1,2-indenyl ring moieties R 2 substituents in [Table 3] and ⁇ -7,2-indenyl ring moieties R 3 , R 4 , R 10 and R 11 substituents in [Table 4]
• the ⁇ -1,2-indenyl ring portion R 5 substituent in [Table 5] is the ⁇ -2,1-indenyl ring portion R 7 substituent in [Table 4] ⁇ -1 in [Table 6],
• the 1-indenyl ring moiety R 8 substituent is ⁇ -9 in [Table 3]
• the 1-indenyl ring moiety R 9 and R 12 substituents are both ⁇ -1 in [Table 4]
• the bridging moiety is [Table 4] 7]
• the transition metal compound (1) can be produced using a conventionally known method, and the production method is not particularly limited.
• the starting material, the substituted indene compound can be produced by a known method, and the production method is not particularly limited.
• Known production methods include, for example, "Organometallics 1994, 13, 954.”, “Organometallics 2006, 25, 1217.” WO2009/080216, “Organometallics 2011, 30, 5744.” JP 2012-012307, JP 2012-121882, JP 2014-196319, JP 2014-513735, JP 2015-063495, JP 2016-501952, JP 2019 -059933, etc., can be mentioned.
• transition metal compound (1) and the precursor compound (ligand) include, for example, “Macromolecules 2001, 34, 2072.”, “Macromolecules 2003, 36, 9325.” , 5332.”, “Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2005, 1003.", and “Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 1759.”
• transition metal compound (1) there are two planes of the indenyl ring portion that binds to the central metal across the bridge portion (front side and back side). Therefore, when the 2-indenyl ring moiety does not have a plane of symmetry, there are two types of structural isomers represented by the following general formulas [10a] and [10b].
• one type of transition metal compound may be used alone, two or more types may be used in combination, a mixture of structural isomers may be used, and structural isomers may be used. may be used alone, or a mixture of two or more structural isomers may be used.
• the transition metal compound (1) alone is used as the transition metal compound constituting the catalyst for olefin polymerization to produce an ethylene-based polymer into which many long-chain branches are introduced with high catalytic activity.
• one or more transition metal compounds other than the transition metal compound (1) may be used in combination as the transition metal compound as long as this effect is not impaired. At this time, the transition metal compound (1) may be in any of the above modes.
• Solid carrier (S) contained in the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) is an inorganic compound or an organic compound, and is a granular or particulate solid.
• inorganic compounds used as the solid carrier (S) include porous oxides, solid aluminoxane compounds, inorganic chlorides, clays, clay minerals, and ion-exchange layered compounds.
• porous oxide examples include SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO, TiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, ZnO, BaO and ThO 2 , or compounds or mixtures containing these, specifically includes natural or synthetic zeolites such as SiO2-MgO, SiO2 - Al2O3 , SiO2 - TiO2 , SiO2 - V2O5 , SiO2 - Cr2O3 and SiO2 - TiO2 -MgO. is used. Among these, those containing SiO 2 as a main component are preferred.
• the above porous oxides may contain a small amount of Na2CO3 , K2CO3 , CaCO3 , MgCO3 , Na2SO4 , Al2 ( SO4 ) 3 , BaSO4 , KNO3 , Mg ( NO 3 ) Carbonates such as 2 , Al(NO 3 ) 3 , Na 2 O, K 2 O and Li 2 O, sulfates, nitrates and oxide components may be contained.
• Such porous oxides have different properties depending on the type and manufacturing method. It is usually in the range of 50 to 1200 m 2 /g, preferably 100 to 1000 m 2 /g, and the pore volume is usually in the range of 0.3 to 30 cm 3 /g.
• a carrier is calcined at, for example, 100 to 1000° C., preferably 150 to 700° C., if necessary.
• an aluminoxane having a structure represented by the following general formula (Sa), an aluminoxane having a structure represented by the following general formula (Sb), and the following general formula (Sc) and aluminoxanes having a structure of a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (Sd) and the like As the solid aluminoxane compound, an aluminoxane having a structure represented by the following general formula (Sa), an aluminoxane having a structure represented by the following general formula (Sb), and the following general formula (Sc) and aluminoxanes having a structure of a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (Sd) and the like.
• R e is each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically a methyl group, an ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, isopropenyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, decyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group , octadecyl group, eicosyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclooctyl group, phenyl group, tolyl group, ethylphenyl group, and the like.
• methyl group ethyl group and isobutyl group, and particularly methyl group is preferable.
• part of R e may be substituted with halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine, and the halogen content may be 40% by weight or less based on R e .
• halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine
• r represents an integer of 2-500, preferably 6-300, and particularly preferably 10-100.
• s and t each represent an integer of 1 or more. r, s and t are selected such that the aluminoxane remains substantially solid under the reaction environment employed.
• the solid aluminoxane compound unlike conventionally known carriers for olefin polymerization catalysts, does not contain inorganic solid components such as silica and alumina, and organic polymer components such as polyethylene and polystyrene. It has become.
• solid state is meant that the aluminoxane component remains substantially solid under the reaction environment in which it is used.
• an olefin polymerization catalyst e.g., an ethylene polymerization catalyst
• an aluminoxane component as described later, and using the prepared olefin polymerization catalyst, It is that the aluminoxane component maintains a substantially solid state when the olefin (eg, ethylene) is polymerized (eg, suspension polymerization) in the presence of the aluminoxane component.
• Visual confirmation is the easiest way to determine whether the aluminoxane component is in a solid state, but it is often difficult to visually confirm, for example, during polymerization. In that case, it is possible to determine, for example, from the properties of the polymer powder obtained after polymerization, the state of adhesion to the reactor, and the like. Conversely, if the polymer powder has good properties and little adhesion to the reactor, even if some of the aluminoxane component is eluted under the polymerization environment, it does not depart from the gist of the present invention. Indices for judging the properties of the polymer powder include bulk density, particle shape, surface shape, and the degree of presence of amorphous polymer. Polymer bulk density is preferable from the viewpoint of quantification. The bulk density is generally 0.01 to 0.9, preferably 0.05 to 0.6, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5.
• the dissolution ratio of the solid aluminoxane compound in n-hexane kept at a temperature of 25° C. is usually 0 to 40 mol %, preferably 0 to 20 mol %, particularly preferably 0 to 10 mol %. .
• the dissolution ratio was obtained by adding 2 g of the solid aluminoxane compound carrier to 50 ml of n-hexane kept at 25° C. and stirring for 2 hours, then separating the solution portion using a G-4 glass filter, It is obtained by measuring the aluminum concentration in this filtrate.
• the dissolution rate is therefore determined as the proportion of aluminum atoms present in the filtrate to the amount of aluminum atoms corresponding to 2 g of the aluminoxane used.
• solid aluminoxane compound known solid aluminoxane can be used without limitation, and for example, the solid polyaluminoxane composition described in International Publication No. 2014/123212 can also be used.
• Known production methods include, for example, JP-B-7-42301, JP-A-6-220126, JP-A-6-220128, JP-A-11-140113, JP-A-11-310607, Examples include the production methods described in JP-A-2000-38410, JP-A-2000-95810, and International Publication No. 2010/55652.
• the average particle size of the solid aluminoxane compound is generally in the range of 0.01-50000 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1-1000 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 1-200 ⁇ m.
• the average particle size of the solid aluminoxane compound can be obtained by observing particles with a scanning electron microscope, measuring the particle size of 100 or more particles, and averaging the particles by weight. First, the particle diameter d of each particle is determined by the following formula by measuring the length of a particle image sandwiched between two parallel lines in the horizontal and vertical directions.
• Grain size d ((horizontal length) 2 + (vertical length) 2 ) 0.5
• the weight average particle size of the solid aluminoxane compound is determined by the following formula using the particle size d and the number of particles n determined above.
• the solid aluminoxane compound preferably has a specific surface area of 50 to 1000 m 2 /g, preferably 100 to 800 m 2 /g, and a pore volume of 0.1 to 2.5 cm 3 /g.
• the inorganic halides include MgCl 2 , MgBr 2 , MnCl 2 and MnBr 2 .
• the inorganic halide may be used as it is, or may be used after pulverizing with a ball mill or vibration mill. Moreover, after dissolving an inorganic halide in a solvent such as alcohol, it is possible to use a product obtained by depositing fine particles using a precipitating agent.
• Clay is usually composed mainly of clay minerals.
• An ion-exchangeable layered compound is a compound having a crystal structure in which planes formed by ionic bonds or the like are stacked in parallel with weak bonding force, and the ions contained therein can be exchanged.
• Most clay minerals are ion exchange layered compounds.
• these clays, clay minerals, and ion-exchangeable layered compounds not only naturally occurring ones but also artificially synthesized ones can be used.
• Clays, clay minerals, and ionic crystalline compounds having a layered crystal structure such as hexagonal close-packing type, antimony type, CdCl2 type, CdI2 type, etc. are used as clays, clay minerals, or ion-exchangeable layered compounds. can be exemplified.
• Such clays and clay minerals include kaolin, bentonite, kibushi clay, gyrome clay, allophane, hisingerite, pyrophyllite, ummo group, montmorillonite group, vermiculite, ryokudite group, palygorskite, kaolinite, nacrite, and dickite. and halloysite .
• Such a clay, clay mineral or ion-exchange layered compound preferably has a pore volume of 0.1 cc/g or more with a radius of 20 ⁇ or more measured by mercury porosimetry, and preferably 0.3 to 5 cc/g. Especially preferred.
• the pore volume is measured in the range of pore radius from 20 to 3 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ by mercury porosimetry using a mercury porosimeter.
• any chemical treatment can be used, such as surface treatment for removing impurities adhering to the surface, treatment for affecting the crystal structure of clay, and the like.
• Specific examples of chemical treatment include acid treatment, alkali treatment, salt treatment, organic substance treatment, and the like.
• the acid treatment removes surface impurities and also elutes cations such as Al, Fe and Mg in the crystal structure to increase the surface area.
• Alkaline treatment destroys the crystalline structure of the clay, resulting in changes in the clay structure.
• salt treatment and organic matter treatment ionic complexes, molecular complexes, organic derivatives, etc. are formed, and the surface area and interlayer distance can be changed.
• the ion-exchangeable layered compound may be a layered compound in which the interlayer spacing is expanded by exchanging the exchangeable ions between the layers with other large bulky ions by utilizing the ion-exchangeability.
• Such bulky ions play a pillar-like role supporting the layered structure and are usually called pillars.
• intercalation the introduction of another substance between the layers of a layered compound is called intercalation.
• Guest compounds for intercalation include cationic inorganic compounds such as TiCl 4 and ZrCl 4 , metal alkoxides such as Ti(OR) 4 , Zr(OR) 4 , PO(OR) 3 and B(OR) 3 ( R is a hydrocarbon group, etc.), metal hydroxide ions such as [Al 13 O 4 (OH) 24 ] 7+ , [Zr 4 (OH) 14 ] 2+ , [Fe 3 O(OCOCH 3 ) 6 ] + etc. These compounds are used alone or in combination of two or more.
• metal alkoxides such as Si(OR) 4 , Al(OR) 3 and Ge(OR) 4
• Colloidal inorganic compounds such as substances, SiO 2 and the like can coexist.
• pillars include oxides produced by intercalating the above metal hydroxide ions between layers and then dehydrating them by heating.
• the clay, clay mineral, and ion-exchangeable layered compound may be used as they are, or may be used after being subjected to treatments such as ball milling and sieving. Alternatively, water may be newly added and adsorbed, or may be used after heat dehydration treatment. Furthermore, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
• Examples of the organic compound used as the solid carrier (S) include granular or particulate solids having a particle size in the range of 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
• Specific examples of the organic compound include polymers produced mainly from olefins having 2 to 14 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene, or vinylcyclohexane, Granular or particulate solids composed of polymers and reactants mainly composed of styrene and divinylbenzene, and modified products thereof can be mentioned.
• the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) may preferably further contain a component (C), wherein the component (C) is an organometallic compound (c-1) represented by the following general formulas (3) to (5), It is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an organoaluminumoxy compound (c-2) and a compound (c-3) that forms an ion pair by reacting with the component (A).
• component (C) is an organometallic compound (c-1) represented by the following general formulas (3) to (5), It is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an organoaluminumoxy compound (c-2) and a compound (c-3) that forms an ion pair by reacting with the component (A).
• R a and R b each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms
• X represents a halogen atom
• m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 3
• n is 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 3
• p is 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 3
• M a AlR a 4 M a AlR a 4 (4)
• M a represents Li, Na or K
• R a represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
• R a and R b each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms
• M b is selected from Mg, Zn and Cd
• X represents a halogen atom
• r is 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 2
• s is 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 1
• t is 0 ⁇ t ⁇ 1
• r+s+t 2.
• organometallic compounds (c-1) those represented by the formula (3) are preferable, and specifically, trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, trioctyl aluminum, trialkylaluminum such as tri-2-ethylhexylaluminum; dialkylaluminum halides such as dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, diisopropylaluminum chloride, diisobutylaluminum chloride, dimethylaluminum bromide; alkylaluminum sesquihalides such as methylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, isopropylaluminum sesquichloride, butylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquibromide; alkylaluminum dihalides such as methyl
• Examples of the formula (4) include lithium aluminum hydride, and examples of the formula (5) include dialkylzinc compounds described in JP-A-2003-171412. It can also be used in combination with a compound or the like.
• the organoaluminumoxy compound (c-2) is preferably an organoaluminumoxy compound prepared from trialkylaluminum or tricycloalkylaluminum, and particularly preferably an aluminoxane prepared from trimethylaluminum or triisobutylaluminum, such as methylaluminoxane. .
• organoaluminumoxy compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
• Examples of the compound (c-3) that reacts with the component (A) to form an ion pair include JP-A-1-501950, JP-A-1-502036, JP-A-3-179005, Lewis acids, ionic compounds, borane compounds and carborane compounds described in JP-A-3-179006, JP-A-3-207703, JP-A-3-207704 and US5321106, as well as heteropoly compounds and isopoly compounds etc. can be used.
• olefin polymerization catalyst (X) when an organoaluminumoxy compound such as methylaluminoxane is used as a cocatalyst component, not only does it exhibit extremely high polymerization activity for olefin compounds, but it also reacts with active hydrogen in the solid support.
• Component (C) preferably contains at least the organoaluminum oxy compound (c-2), since a solid carrier component containing a co-catalyst component can be easily prepared.
• the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) can be prepared by mixing and contacting components (A) and (S), and optionally component (C) in an inert hydrocarbon.
• component (G) coexistence suppresses fouling during the polymerization reaction and improves the particle properties of the resulting polymer.
• a compound having a polar functional group can be used, preferably a nonionic (nonionic) surfactant, polyalkylene oxide block, higher aliphatic amide, polyalkylene oxide, polyalkylene oxide alkyl ether , alkyldiethanolamines, polyoxyalkylenealkylamines, glycerin fatty acid esters, and N-acylamino acids are more preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• Examples of the solvent used for preparing the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) include inert hydrocarbon solvents.
• hydrocarbons alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane; can be mentioned.
• the reactive sites in the component (C) and the reactive sites in the component (S) are chemically bonded by reaction, and the component (C) and the component (S ) is formed.
• the contact time between component (C) and component (S) is usually 1 minute to 20 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours, and the contact temperature is usually -50 to 200°C, preferably -20 to 120°C. is done in When component (C) and component (S) are rapidly brought into initial contact with each other, component (S) collapses due to the reaction heat and reaction energy, and the morphology of the obtained solid catalyst component deteriorates. Continuous operation is often difficult due to poor polymer morphology.
• the contact is made at a lower temperature for the purpose of suppressing the reaction heat generation, or the reaction heat generation is controlled and the reaction is made at a rate that can maintain the initial contact temperature. is preferred.
• the contact weight ratio between component (C) and component (S) can be arbitrarily selected, but the higher the contact weight ratio, the more component (A ) can be contacted, and the catalytic activity per weight of the solid catalyst component can be improved.
• the contact time is usually 1 minute to 20 hours, preferably 1 minute to 10 hours, and the contact temperature is usually in the range of -50 to 200°C, preferably -50 to 100°C.
• component (C-1) the molar ratio [(C-1)/M] of component (C-1) to all transition metal atoms (M) in component (A) is usually 0.01 to 100, 000, preferably 0.05 to 50,000.
• component (C-2) the molar ratio [(C-2)/M] of component (C-2) (in terms of aluminum atoms) to all transition metal atoms (M) in component (A) is usually 10. -500,000, preferably from 20 to 100,000.
• the molar ratio [(C-3)/M] of component (C-3) to all transition metal atoms (M) in component (A) is usually 1 to 10, preferably It is used in an amount such that 1-5.
• the ratio of component (C) to all transition metal atoms (M) in component (A) can be determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP analysis).
• ICP analysis inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
• the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) can be used as it is, but the olefin polymerization catalyst can be prepolymerized with an olefin to form a prepolymerization catalyst (XP) before use.
• the prepolymerization catalyst (XP) can be prepared by prepolymerizing ethylene or the like in the presence of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X), usually in an inert hydrocarbon solvent. It can be carried out by any method of the formula, and can be carried out under reduced pressure, normal pressure or increased pressure. Further, it is desirable to produce the prepolymerized catalyst (XP) in an amount of 0.01 to 1000 g, preferably 0.1 to 800 g, more preferably 0.2 to 500 g per 1 g of the solid catalyst component by prepolymerization.
• prepolymerized catalyst (XP) produced in the inert hydrocarbon solvent from the suspension After separating the prepolymerized catalyst (XP) produced in the inert hydrocarbon solvent from the suspension, it may be suspended again in the inert hydrocarbon and ethylene may be introduced into the obtained suspension. Alternatively, ethylene may be introduced after drying.
• the prepolymerization temperature is -20 to 80°C, preferably 0 to 60°C, and the prepolymerization time is 0.5 to 100 hours, preferably 1 to 50 hours.
• An olefin based on ethylene is preferably used for the prepolymerization.
• component (C) As for the form of the solid catalyst component used for prepolymerization, those already mentioned can be used without restriction.
• component (C) is used as necessary, and the organometallic compound (c-1) represented by the formula (3) is preferably used.
• component (C) has a molar ratio (Al/M) between aluminum atoms (Al) in component (C) and transition metal atoms (M) in component (A). , 0.1 to 10,000, preferably 0.5 to 5,000.
• the concentration of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) in the prepolymerization system is preferably from 1 to 1000 g/liter, preferably from 10 to 500 g/liter, in terms of the olefin polymerization catalyst/polymerization volume ratio.
• the aforementioned component (G) may coexist for the purpose of suppressing fouling or improving particle properties.
• the component (G) is brought into contact with the prepolymerization catalyst (XP) once generated by prepolymerization. You may let
• the temperature at which the component (G) is contacted is usually -50 to 50°C, preferably -20 to 50°C, and the contact time is usually 1 minute to 20 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 10 hours. .
• the component (G) is added in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X). It is used in an amount of 3 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.4 to 5 parts by weight.
• the mixed contact between the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) and the component (G) can be carried out in an inert hydrocarbon solvent, and examples of the inert hydrocarbon solvent include those mentioned above.
• a dried prepolymerization catalyst (XP) (hereinafter also referred to as “dried prepolymerization catalyst”) can be used as the olefin polymerization catalyst (X). . Drying of the prepolymerized catalyst (XP) is usually carried out after removing hydrocarbons as a dispersion medium from the obtained suspension of the prepolymerized catalyst by filtration or the like.
• the drying of the prepolymerized catalyst (XP) is carried out by keeping the prepolymerized catalyst (XP) at a temperature of 70°C or less, preferably in the range of 20 to 50°C under inert gas flow.
• the amount of volatile components in the obtained dry prepolymerized catalyst is desirably 2.0% by weight or less, preferably 1.0% by weight or less.
• the drying time is usually 1 to 48 hours depending on the drying temperature.
• the dry prepolymerized catalyst has excellent fluidity, so it can be stably supplied to the polymerization reactor. Further, when the dry prepolymerized catalyst is used, the solvent used for suspension does not have to be entrained in the gas phase polymerization system, so that the polymerization can be stably carried out.
• An ethylene polymer is obtained by polymerizing (homopolymerizing or copolymerizing) ethylene in the presence of the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) described above.
• the olefin polymerization catalyst (X) it is possible to efficiently produce a low-density ethylene copolymer having high polymerization activity, excellent moldability and mechanical strength, and having many long chain branches.
• the ethylene-based polymer of the present invention refers to a polymer containing 10 mol % or more of ethylene.
• polymerization can be carried out by either a liquid phase polymerization method such as solution polymerization or suspension polymerization, or a gas phase polymerization method. It is preferable to use
• inert hydrocarbon media used in liquid phase polymerization include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, and kerosene; cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane.
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane; and mixtures thereof.
• the olefin itself can be used as a solvent.
• the amount of component (A) is generally 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol, per liter of reaction volume. It is used in an amount to give 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol.
• component (C) is used, and the organoaluminum compound represented by formula (3) in (c-1) is particularly preferably used.
• the temperature for ethylene polymerization using the prepolymerization catalyst (XP) is usually -50 to +200°C, preferably 0 to 170°C, and particularly preferably 60 to 170°C.
• the polymerization pressure is usually normal pressure to 100 kgf/cm 2 , preferably normal pressure to 50 kgf/cm 2 , and the polymerization reaction can be carried out in any of batch, semi-continuous and continuous processes. can be done. Furthermore, it is also possible to carry out the polymerization in two or more stages with different reaction conditions.
• the molecular weight of the resulting polymer can be adjusted by allowing hydrogen to exist in the polymerization system or by changing the polymerization temperature.
• the more the low-molecular-weight component the more it adheres to the walls of the polymerization reactor and the stirring blades, which may increase the load on the cleaning process and lead to a decrease in productivity.
• the component (G) can coexist for the purpose of suppressing fouling or improving particle properties.
• the monomer supplied together with ethylene to the copolymerization reaction is one or more monomers selected from ⁇ -olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably ⁇ -olefins having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• ⁇ -olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene and 1-decene.
• a monomer other than ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms may or may not be supplied within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
• thermoplastic resin composition having excellent moldability and excellent mechanical strength can be obtained.
• the blend ratio of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention and other thermoplastic resin is usually 99.9/ 0.1 to 0.1/99.9.
• thermoplastics include crystalline thermoplastics such as polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters and polyacetals; A plastic resin is used. Polyvinyl chloride is also preferably used.
• polystyrene-based polymers examples include ethylene-based polymers, propylene-based polymers, butene-based polymers, 4-methyl-1-pentene-based polymers, 3-methyl-1-butene-based polymers, hexene-based polymers, and the like. is mentioned. Among them, ethylene-based polymers, propylene-based polymers, and 4-methyl-1-pentene-based polymers are preferable. It may be a vinyl copolymer, but a conventional ethylene-based polymer is more preferred.
• the ethylene-based polymer and propylene-based polymer may be an ethylene-based polymer and a propylene polymer, respectively, containing biomass-derived monomers.
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention may contain a weather stabilizer, a heat stabilizer, an antistatic agent, an antislip agent, an antiblocking agent, an antifogging agent, and a lubricant as long as the objects of the present invention are not impaired.
• a weather stabilizer a heat stabilizer
• an antistatic agent a heat stabilizer
• an antislip agent a heat stabilizer
• an antiblocking agent an antifogging agent
• a lubricant as long as the objects of the present invention are not impaired.
• pigments, dyes, nucleating agents, plasticizers, anti-aging agents, hydrochloric acid absorbers, antioxidants and the like may be blended as necessary.
• the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention may contain structural units derived from at least one biomass-derived ethylene or ⁇ -olefin.
• the same kind of monomers constituting the polymer may be only biomass-derived monomers, may be only fossil fuel-derived monomers, or may contain both biomass-derived monomers and fossil fuel-derived monomers.
• Biomass-derived monomers are monomers derived from any renewable natural sources and their residues, such as plant-derived or animal-derived, including fungi, yeast, algae and bacteria, and having 1 ⁇ 10 C isotope as carbon. It contains about -12 , and the biomass carbon concentration (pMC) measured according to ASTM D6866 is about 100 (pMC).
• Biomass-derived ethylene and ⁇ -olefins can be obtained, for example, by conventionally known methods. It is preferable that the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention contains a structural unit derived from a biomass-derived monomer from the viewpoint of reducing environmental load.
• the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention or the thermoplastic resin composition containing the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be processed by general film molding, sheet molding, blow molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, and the like.
• film molding include extrusion lamination molding, T-die film molding, and inflation molding (air cooling, water cooling, multistage cooling, high-speed processing).
• the resulting film can be used as a single layer, but by forming it into multiple layers, various functions can be imparted.
• a co-extrusion method is mentioned as a molding method used in that case.
• lamination with paper or barrier films which are difficult to co-extrude, can be performed by a pasting lamination molding method such as extrusion lamination molding or dry lamination.
• Blow molding, injection molding, and extrusion molding can be used to produce multi-layered high-performance products by co-extrusion in the same way as film molding.
• Molded articles obtained by processing the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention or the thermoplastic resin composition containing the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer include films, sheets, blow infusion bags, and blow bottles. , gasoline tanks, extrusion-molded tubes, pipes, wire coatings, tear-off caps, injection-molded products such as daily commodities, fibers, and large rotational molding products.
• the film obtained by processing the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer of the present invention or the thermoplastic resin composition containing the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be used as water packaging bags, liquid soup packets, Paper containers for liquids, laminated raw fabrics, special-shaped liquid packaging bags (standing pouches, etc.), standard bags, heavy duty bags, wrap films, sugar bags, oil packaging bags, various packaging films for food packaging, protective films, infusion solutions It is suitable for bags, agricultural materials, etc., and is also suitable for clean films used for packaging such as bag-in-boxes, semiconductor materials, medicines and foods.
• the above film can also be used as a multilayer film by bonding it to a substrate such as a nylon, polyester, or polyolefin film.
• the raw material for the base material of the multilayer film may contain an ethylene-based polymer and a propylene-based polymer containing biomass-derived monomers.
• Inflation molding evaluation From an ethylene polymer, using an extruder with a diameter of 50 mm and an inflation molding machine manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries Modern Co., Ltd. with a die diameter of 100 mm, the thickness is obtained under the conditions of a die temperature of 190 ° C., an extrusion rate of 29 kg / hr, and a tube width of 320 mm. A 40 ⁇ m film was obtained. The following items were measured for the obtained film.
• a test piece obtained by laminating two inner surfaces of the obtained tubular film was aged at 50° C. under a load of 10 kg for 3 days. After that, the test piece was cut to a width of 200 mm, and the blocking force was measured as the force required to pull apart at 23° C. and 200 mm/min.
• transition metal compound (A), transition metal compound (B), and component (G) used in Examples and the like are as follows.
• Transition metal compound (A-1) dimethylsilylene (2-indenyl) (4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride [JP 2019 It was synthesized by the method described in JP-A-059933.
• Transition metal compound (B-2) isopropylidene(cyclopentadienyl)(2,7-di-tert-butylfluorenyl)zirconium dichloride [synthesized based on the method described in JP-A-4-69394 . ]
• Component (G-1) Lauryl diethanolamine (manufactured by Kao Corporation)
• Component (G-2) Emulgen (registered trademark) 108 (manufactured by Kao Corporation)
• XP-1) Silica manufactured by Fuji Silysia Co., Ltd.
• prepolymerized catalyst (XP-1) was sampled and examined for composition, and it was found that 0.56 mg of Zr atoms were contained per 1 g of the prepolymerized catalyst component.
• a total of 29.8 L of slurry was prepared after washing twice with While adjusting the obtained slurry to 35 to 40° C., 4.0 L of a 0.92 M hexane solution of diisobutylaluminum hydride was added, and ethylene gas was started to be supplied at a flow rate of 0.91 kg/hr.
• the amount of ethylene supplied reached 4.6 kg 5 hours after starting the ethylene supply, the ethylene supply was stopped. After that, the inside of the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen, the supernatant liquid was removed by decantation, and after washing four times with hexane, a total amount of slurry of 21.7 L was prepared.
• Ethylene-based polymers were produced by a gas-phase polymerization process using a fluidized-bed gas-phase polymerization reactor. 24 kg of spherical ethylene polymer particles having an average particle diameter of 900 ⁇ m were previously introduced into the reactor, and nitrogen was supplied to form a fluidized bed. Hydrogen, 1-hexene, prepolymerization catalyst and Electrostripper® EA were fed continuously. The polymerized reaction product was continuously withdrawn from the reactor and dried in a drying apparatus to obtain an ethylene-based polymer powder.
• Example 10 shows the results.
• Examples 2-5, Comparative Examples 1-2 An ethylene-based polymer powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polymerization conditions were changed as shown in Table 8, and various measurements and evaluations were performed. The results are shown in Tables 9-10.
• Chemistat (registered trademark) 2500 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. is listed as a component that was not used in Example 1.
• Example 3 Inflation molding was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using Suntech-LD M2504 (density: 927 kg/m 3 , MFR: 0.4 g/10 min), which is a high-pressure low-density polyethylene manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation. Table 10 shows the inflation molding evaluation results.
• Example 4 Inflation molding was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using Suntec-LD M2102 (density: 922 kg/m 3 , MFR: 0.2 g/10 min), which is a high-pressure low-density polyethylene manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation. The melted film broke and a film with a thickness of 40 ⁇ m could not be obtained.
• Suntec-LD M2102 density: 922 kg/m 3 , MFR: 0.2 g/10 min
• Examples are superior in film transparency compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, superior in film mechanical strength (dirt impact) compared to Comparative Example 3, and superior to Comparative Example 4. It is excellent in polymer moldability.

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