Classifications

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  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/178—Syringes
  • A61M5/28—Syringe ampoules or carpules, i.e. ampoules or carpules provided with a needle
  • A61M5/281—Syringe ampoules or carpules, i.e. ampoules or carpules provided with a needle using emptying means to expel or eject media, e.g. pistons, deformation of the ampoule, or telescoping of the ampoule
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/178—Syringes
  • A61M5/28—Syringe ampoules or carpules, i.e. ampoules or carpules provided with a needle
  • A61M5/285—Syringe ampoules or carpules, i.e. ampoules or carpules provided with a needle with sealing means to be broken or opened
  • A61M5/286—Syringe ampoules or carpules, i.e. ampoules or carpules provided with a needle with sealing means to be broken or opened upon internal pressure increase, e.g. pierced or burst
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/178—Syringes
  • A61M5/31—Details
  • A61M5/3129—Syringe barrels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/178—Syringes
  • A61M5/31—Details
  • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
  • A61M5/329—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles characterised by features of the needle shaft
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/178—Syringes
  • A61M5/31—Details
  • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
  • A61M5/3295—Multiple needle devices, e.g. a plurality of needles arranged coaxially or in parallel
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
  • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
  • A61N1/02—Details
  • A61N1/04—Electrodes
  • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
  • A61N1/0507—Electrodes for the digestive system
  • A61N1/0509—Stomach and intestinal electrodes

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to self-actuating articles including, for example, self-actuating needles.
• the GI tract offers an enormous opportunity for diagnosing and treating patients.
• the development of smart dosage systems and articles to enable this has witnessed significant growth over the preceding decade.
• One of the most significant challenges in maximizing delivery and interaction with the mucosa is ensuring juxtaposition between an article and/or dosing system and the GI mucosa.
• Prior attempts at doing this have included the introduction of mucoadhesives as well as texturing of one side of a 2 sided system.
• Orally ingested drugs generally diffuse through the GI tract tissue walls in order to enter the blood stream.
• Typical ingested pills or articles release their cargo into the GI tract randomly and allow it move via convection and diffusion to the tissue wall.
• many biologic drugs such as insulin cannot move through the liquid in the GI tract because they will be, for example, degraded by enzymes, even if housed in a solid formulation.
• injections traditionally involve the use of a liquid formulation passing through a hollow needle and entering into the body intravenously or intramuscularly.
• these liquid formulations can cause the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to become unstable and thus may require refrigeration and/or increase the bulk of the dose significantly because of the required dilution.
• API active pharmaceutical ingredient
• the present invention generally relates to self-actuating articles including, for example, self-actuating needles.
• self-righting articles are provided.
• the self- righting article comprises a first portion, a second portion adjacent the first portion having a different average density than the first portion, and a hollow portion, wherein the self-righting article is configured and arranged to be encapsulated in a 000 capsule, or smaller.
• the article is configured for administration to at a location internal to a subject and comprises an outer shell, a spring at least partially encapsulated with the outer shell, the spring maintained in an at least partially compressed state by a support material under at least 5% compressive strain, at least two tissue interfacing components comprising a tissue-contacting portion configured for contacting tissue, each tissue- contacting portion comprising an electrically-conductive portion configured for electrical communication with tissue and an insulative portion configured to not be in electrical communication with tissue, and a power source in electric communication with the at least two tissue interfacing components.
• tissue-interfacing components are provided.
• the component comprises a solid therapeutic agent and a support material, wherein the solid therapeutic agent is present in the tissue interfacing component in an amount of greater than or equal to 10 wt% as a function of the total weight of the tissue interfacing component, wherein the solid therapeutic agent and support material are distributed substantially homogeneously, and wherein the tissue interfacing component is configured to penetrate tissue.
• FIG. 7 is a plot of an exemplary self-righting shape graph, according to one set of embodiments.
• FIG. 39 is a plot of axial loading of a component having a relatively high API loading (e.g., a microneedle), according to one set of embodiments;
• FIG. 80 shows micropost dissolution profile for an exemplary system, microposts containing 80% Human Insulin and 20% PEO 200k by weight were dissolved in a falcon tube containing 2 mL of PBS at 37°C shaken on a lab shaker at 50 rpm. 200 ⁇ ⁇ was sampled every three minutes for the first 15 minutes and every 5 minutes thereafter, and the removed liquid was replaced with fresh PBS. Complete dissolution occurred within 1 h, according to one set of embodiments;
• system 100 may be driven by gravitational forces (e.g., acting on a center of mass of system 100).
• system 100 disengages (e.g., tissue interfacing component 130 dissolves and/or is released) and exits stomach 1999 (system lOOd).
• tissue interfacing component 130 dissolves and/or is released
• system lOOd stomach 1999
• system 100 is a monostatic body, as described in more detail below.
• the self-righting article may be a monostatic body and/or has only one stable point (e.g., the self-righting article may stably maintain a particular orientation in only one given orientation).
• the self-righting article has a gomboc shape and/or comprises a gomboc shaped component.
• Self-righting articles having a gomboc shape may self-right to a particular orientation upon displacement from that orientation, without additional forces.
• the self-righting article may self-right in a fluid (e.g., a liquid having a relatively low viscosity, a liquid having a relatively high viscosity).
• a ratio of an average density of the first portion to an average density of the second portion may be greater than 1: 1, greater than equal to 2: 1, greater than equal to 2.5: 1, greater than equal to 3: 1, greater than equal to 3.5: 1, greater than equal to 4: 1, greater than or equal to 4.5: 1, greater than or equal to 5: 1, greater than equal to 5.5: 1, greater than equal to 5.5: 1, greater than equal to 6: 1, greater than or equal to 6.5: 1, greater than or equal to 7: 1, greater than equal to 8: 1, greater than or equal to 9: 1, or greater than or equal to 10: 1.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable plasticizers include polyhydric alcohols (e.g., polyhydric alcohols (e.g., polyhydric alcohols)
• the self-righting article may be characterized as having a particular self-righting time from 90° in a particular fluid.
• the self-righting time may be determined by placing the self-righting article in the particular fluid at 90°, and allowing the self-righting article to return to a particular orientation otherwise maintained by the self- righting article in the absence of the fluid (e.g., an orientation corresponding to a stable point of equilibrium (or orientation) of the article).
• the self-righting article may be administered (e.g., orally) to a subject.
• the self-righting article may comprise one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients.
• the active pharmaceutical ingredient is released at a location internal of the subject (e.g. within the G.I. tract).
• the system has a normal retention force of less than or equal to 1 N, less than or equal to 0.9 N, less than or equal to 0.8 N, less than or equal to 0.7 N, less than or equal to 0.6 N, less than or equal to 0.5 N, less than or equal to 0.4 N, less than or equal to 0.35 N, less than or equal to 0.3 N, less than or equal to 0.25 N, less than or equal to 0.2 N, less than or equal to 0.15 N, less than or equal to 0.1 N, less than or equal to 0.05 N, less than or equal to 0.04 N, less than or equal to 0.03 N, less than or equal to 0.025 N, less than or equal to 0.02 N, less than or equal to 0.018 N, less than or equal to 0.016 N, less than or equal to 0.014 N, less than or equal to 0.012 N, less than or equal to 0.01 N, less than or equal to 0.008 N, less than or equal to
• the insulative portion is present in the tissue contacting portion in the amount greater than or equal to 10%, greater than equal to 20%, greater than equal to 30%, greater than equal to 40%, greater than equal to 50%, greater than equal to 60%, greater or equal to 70%, greater or equal to 80%, or greater or equal to 90%, of the total surface area of the tissue contacting portion of the tissue interfacing component.
• the spring and/or expanding component may extend in at least one direction upon exposure of the spring and/or expanding component to a fluid (e.g., gastrointestinal fluid).
• a fluid e.g., gastrointestinal fluid
• article 100 comprises a spring 110 and a support material 120 associated with (e.g., operably linked with) spring 110.
• Support material 120 maintains the spring under compressive strain under a first set of conditions (e.g., under ambient conditions (e.g., room temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity)).
• the support material at least partially releases (e.g., at least a portion of the support material degrades) the spring from compressive strain under a second set of conditions different than the first set of conditions.
• the second set of conditions comprises physiological conditions (e.g., at or about 37 °C, in physiologic fluids such as gastric fluid).
• the support material, the spring, and/or the expanding component comprise one or more materials configured to dissolve (e.g., in an acidic environment in a pH neutral environment, in water, in a basic environment), melt at physiological temperature (e.g., 37°C), change in stiffness (e.g., in response to a change in temperature, in response to fluid absorption), thermally expand, and/or change in shape (e.g., in response to fluid absorption, by deflation, by leakage).
• dissolve e.g., in an acidic environment in a pH neutral environment, in water, in a basic environment
• melt at physiological temperature e.g., 37°C
• change in stiffness e.g., in response to a change in temperature, in response to fluid absorption
• thermally expand e.g., in response to fluid absorption, by deflation, by leakage
• the support material may have a characteristic dissolution time.
• the characteristic dissolution time of the support material is less than or equal to 10 minutes, less than or equal to 9 minutes, less than or equal to 8 minutes, less than or equal to 7 minutes, less than or equal to 6 minutes, less than or equal to 5 minutes, less than or equal to 4 minutes, less than or equal to 3 minutes, or less than or equal to 2 minutes.
• the spring comprises a material selected from the group consisting of nitinol, metals, polymers, and combinations thereof.
• the spring constant of the spring may be less than or equal to 2200 N/m, less than or equal to 2000 N/m, less than or equal to 1800 N/m, less than or equal to 1500 N/m, less than or equal to 1400 N/m, less than or equal to 1300 N/m, less than or equal to 1200 N/m, less than or equal to 1100 N/m, less than or equal to 1000 N/m, less than or equal to 900 N/m, less than or equal to 800 N/m, less than or equal to 700 N/m, less than or equal to 600 N/m, less than or equal to 500 N/m, less than or equal to 450 N/m, less than or equal to 400 N/m, less than or equal to 350 N/m, less than or equal to 300 N/m, less than or equal to 250 N/m, less than or equal to 200 N/m, or less than or equal to 150 N/m, including any spring constant in between these values.
• the design of the article has a relatively lowrighting time to its stable configuration from every possible orientation
• Such holes and slits can be used to allow fluid to enter the system or could be used to store articles within the system (FIG. 19).
• These slits can also be used to hollow out the article to keep the density ratios to reasonable values that can be realized using available materials. For example, by hollowing out the top section of an article, a higher density material can be used to fill in the remaining top areas; higher density materials are allowed, because the only constraints on the article are the outer shape and the center of mass.
• the article should try to remain axisymmetric, or as close to
• an anchoring device will allow the system to attach itself via physical or chemical means to the tissue wall of the GI tract.
• a device could include a barbed or hooked needle, a mucoadhesive patch, a trapping and closing mechanism (FIG. 26), vacuum suction, or any number of other mechanisms.
• the anchoring device could be located on the bottom of the device to ensure that it is facing the tissue wall.
• FIG. 70A demonstrates the voltage measurements from circuit created by the final device implanted into the tissue wall.
• the background noise, shown in FIG. 70B is negligible compared to the power produced by the circuit.
• pulses of electricity were programed into the circuit. This circuit was created by using the paralyene coated needles and attaching them to a self actuating system connected to a constant voltage source and inserting these probes into the tissue wall. While the self righting/self actuating system contains a metal bottom, this bottom was coated in parylene to insulate it.
• the device must pass safely through the GI tract. It has been noted in literature that sharp objects one dimensional objects less than 1 cm in length do not pose a risk for perforation. Generally, if the needles are smaller than 1 cm in length then there is little risk for perforation. However, the ideal length for safety and perforation may depend, in some cases, on the type of tissue, type of subject (e.g., animal, human), and location of the tissue and may, in some cases, be greater than 1 cm.
• the interior surface of the stomach has a mucous coating that is 40 to 450 ⁇ thick.
• the muscularis mucosa Under the mucosa lies the muscularis mucosa, a thin layer composed of smooth muscle fibers.
• the muscularis mucosa separates the mucosa from the submucosa, which covers the stomach's primary muscle fibers used for contraction.
• the torques exerted on the self-righting device would still be far smaller than what would be required to dislodge it (the dotted red line denotes the maximum torque that can be exerted on the system before the needle is dislodged. This value was determined from the force required to dislodge the needle in the ex- vivo experiments on the Instron, while using the needle's length from the tissue to the bottom of the device of 1.25 mm as the moment arm).
• FIG. 60 The force required to dislodge a self-righting system is shown to increase linearly with the number of needles inserted into the swine gastric tissue
• FIG. 68 Graph demonstrating that current does not significantly change as the radius increases of the tissue-stimulating, electrical probes when powered by two silver oxide batteries (1.55V, 6.8mm coin cell).
• a payload portion for carrying an agent for release internally of a subject that ingests the article
• a method of delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a location internal of a subject comprising:
• the spring comprises a material selected from the group consisting of nitinol, metals, and polymers.
• tissue interfacing component is configured to penetrate tissue.
• compressing comprises centrifugation of the solid therapeutic agent and the support material.
• composition comprising greater than or equal to 80 wt% solid active pharmaceutical agent versus the total weight of the composition
• An article for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a subject comprising:

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