WO2014163167A1 - 鉛フリーはんだ合金と車載電子回路 - Google Patents
鉛フリーはんだ合金と車載電子回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014163167A1 WO2014163167A1 PCT/JP2014/059902 JP2014059902W WO2014163167A1 WO 2014163167 A1 WO2014163167 A1 WO 2014163167A1 JP 2014059902 W JP2014059902 W JP 2014059902W WO 2014163167 A1 WO2014163167 A1 WO 2014163167A1
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- solder
- solder alloy
- mass
- electronic circuit
- lead
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/58—Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
- H05K3/3463—Solder compositions in relation to features of the printed circuit board or the mounting process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/70—Coupling devices
- H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/42—Printed circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lead-free solder alloy having excellent temperature cycle characteristics and strong against impacts such as a collision, and an on-vehicle electronic circuit device.
- An automobile is equipped with an electronic circuit (hereinafter referred to as an in-vehicle electronic circuit) in which an electronic component such as a semiconductor or a chip resistor component is soldered to a printed circuit board (hereinafter referred to as a printed circuit board).
- In-vehicle electronic circuits are used in devices that electrically control engines, power steering, brakes, and the like, and such devices are very important safety parts for driving a car.
- ECU Engine Control Unit
- an electronic circuit device equipped with an electronic circuit that controls the running of an automobile, especially the operation of the engine, with a computer to improve fuel efficiency has been stable and stable for a long period of time. It must be able to operate in a state. In many cases, this ECU is generally installed near the engine, and the usage environment is quite severe.
- this in-vehicle electronic circuit device is also simply referred to as “ECU” or “ECU electronic circuit device”.
- the vicinity of the engine where such an in-vehicle electronic circuit is installed becomes a very high temperature of 125 ° C. or more when the engine rotates.
- the outside air temperature for example, in a cold region such as North America or Siberia, becomes as low as ⁇ 40 ° C. or lower in winter. Therefore, the in-vehicle electronic circuit is exposed to a heat cycle of ⁇ 40 ° C. or lower to + 125 ° C. or higher by repeatedly operating the engine and stopping the engine.
- solder joint part a soldering part that joins a component and a printed circuit board, and stress is repeatedly applied to the solder joint part due to such a temperature change. Then, such a stress eventually breaks the joint interface of the solder joint.
- solder for an on-vehicle electronic circuit device particularly an ECU, which has severe use conditions
- In-vehicle lead-free solder (WO2009 / 011341A, Patent Document 1) characterized by comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe and Co in a total amount of 0.005 to 0.05 mass% and the balance Sn. ) Etc. are disclosed.
- solder alloy composition in addition to Sn (tin) as a main component, 10 wt% or less Ag (silver), 10 wt% or less Bi (bismuth), 10 wt% or less
- a solder material comprising an alloy comprising Sb (antimony) and 3 wt% or less Cu (copper), the alloy further comprising 1.0 wt% or less Ni (nickel) (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-524572, Patent Document 2) is also disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 disclosed a solder alloy having a long life in a harsh environment, since an automobile is used as a transportation means, it is rarely left in one place, and roads It is often used by etc.
- the on-board electronic circuit device When used on such roads, the on-board electronic circuit device is constantly vibrated due to bad roads, and the on-board electronic circuit device is subjected to external force such as climbing on the curb or colliding with the previous car. Many things happen. If a car crash causes a major accident, the vehicle-mounted electronic circuit device is often replaced, but in a simple contact accident, it is often only necessary to replace the exterior of the vehicle. It must be able to withstand external forces.
- the solder amount of the solder joint is 1.32 mg as standard on one side, whereas for the in-vehicle electronic circuit, one side There is only a fine solder amount of less than 0.28 mg. Therefore, in the conventional electronic circuit, the solder fillet portion protrudes from the side surface of the chip component as shown in FIG. 1, but there is almost no solder fillet on the side surface of the chip component as shown in FIG. Therefore, a new crack mode in which the crack propagates in a substantially straight line as shown in FIG. 2 occurs in the solder joint portion of the on-vehicle electronic circuit, which causes a problem of malfunction.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is not only to withstand severe temperature cycle characteristics such as low temperature of ⁇ 40 ° C. and high temperature of 125 ° C. for a long period of time, but also occurs when climbing on a curb or colliding with the previous car It is to develop a solder alloy capable of withstanding an external force for a long period of time and an in-vehicle electronic circuit device using the solder alloy.
- the inventors of the present invention can effectively add a solid solution element to the Sn phase to form a solid solution strengthened alloy. It is found that Sb is an optimum element for making a reinforced alloy, and that addition of Sb in the Sn matrix forms a fine SnSb intermetallic compound, and also exhibits the effect of precipitation dispersion strengthening. Completed.
- the present invention is a lead-free material in which Ag is 1 to 4% by mass, Cu is 0.6 to 0.8% by mass, Sb is 1 to 5% by mass, Ni is 0.01 to 0.2% by mass, and the balance is Sn. It is a solder alloy. Further, 1.5 to 5.5% by mass of Bi may be added. Further, at least one element selected from Co and Fe may be added in a total amount of 0.001 to 0.1% by mass.
- the metallurgical structure of the alloy according to the present invention is characterized in that the solder alloy is composed of a structure in which Sb is dissolved in an Sn matrix, and the structure is stable at a high temperature of 125 ° C., for example. As the temperature decreases, Sb gradually dissolves into the Sn matrix in a supersaturated state, and, for example, at a low temperature of ⁇ 40 ° C., the SnSb intermetallic compound. As a structure in which Sb is precipitated.
- the present invention is an in-vehicle electronic circuit obtained by performing soldering using the above-described solder alloy, and an in-vehicle electronic circuit device including such an electronic circuit.
- in-vehicle or “in-vehicle” means that it is installed in an automobile. Specifically, it is repeatedly exposed to a severe use environment, that is, a temperature environment of ⁇ 40 ° C. to 125 ° C. Even if it is used, the predetermined characteristics can be secured and it can be mounted on an automobile. More specifically, it can withstand a 3000 cycles heat cycle test even under such a temperature environment, and has resistance to a shear test that evaluates external force even under such conditions.
- solder alloy of the present invention produces fine Sb precipitates even after being exposed to a temperature cycle and does not cause structural deterioration such as coarsening of the compound is as follows.
- In-vehicle solder alloys to be joined by reflow soldering are subjected to a temperature cycle test of ⁇ 40 ° C. to + 125 ° C., with the low temperature representing a cold region and the high temperature representing an engine room.
- the added Sb is re-dissolved in the Sn matrix at a high temperature of, for example, 125 ° C.
- the SnSb intermetallic compound is precipitated at a low temperature of, for example, ⁇ 40 ° C.
- the SnSb intermetallic compound stops coarsening, and the SnSb metal compound once coarsened is re-dissolved in the Sn matrix on the high temperature side during the temperature cycle test, so that a fine SnSb intermetallic compound is formed.
- Precipitation dispersion strengthened solder alloy is maintained.
- the amount of Sb exceeds 5% by mass, for example, 8% by mass, the particle size of the SnSb compound at the initial stage of the temperature cycle test does not become large and fine, and the liquidus temperature rises.
- the Sb added to the solder alloy does not remelt even on the high temperature side, and remains as the original SnSb crystal grains. Therefore, even if the use under the temperature cycle as described above is repeated, a fine SnSb intermetallic compound is not formed.
- the amount of Sb exceeds 5% by mass, the liquidus temperature of the solder alloy increases, and therefore soldering cannot be performed unless the reflow heating temperature is increased.
- the SnCu intermetallic compound layer such as Cu 6 Sn 5 is thickened at the soldering portion with the printed circuit board. It becomes easy to be formed, and the printed circuit board and the solder joint are easily broken.
- Sb added to the solder alloy becomes a fine precipitate in the form of a compound called SnSb in the Sn matrix of the solder alloy. Even if the temperature cycle of ⁇ 40 to + 125 ° C. is repeated nearly 3000 cycles, the Sn matrix In this state, the fine precipitate state of the SnSb intermetallic compound can be maintained. As a result, SnSb precipitates interfere with cracks that are likely to occur at the interface between the electronic component such as ceramics and the solder joint.
- the particle size of the SnSb intermetallic compound in the Sn matrix is approximately the same as that of the SnSb intermetallic compound particle having a particle size before the start of the test.
- the particle size is as follows, with coarsening suppressed. Therefore, even if a crack is partially formed in the solder, the fine SnSb intermetallic compound can inhibit the propagation of such a crack, thereby preventing the crack from spreading inside the solder.
- solder alloy according to the present invention even when a temperature cycle test from ⁇ 40 ° C. to + 125 ° C. is repeated nearly 3000 cycles, no crack is generated in the solder joint portion with a small amount of solder. However, it is possible to exhibit excellent temperature cycle characteristics in which cracks are prevented from propagating in the solder.
- the solder alloy of the present invention is also suppressed in cracks generated at the joint interface, and has characteristics particularly suitable for soldering of ECU devices.
- the amount of Sb of the present invention is 1 to 5% by mass, preferably 3 to 5% by mass.
- the amount of Sb is preferably more than 3 to 5%.
- the solder alloy of the present invention suppresses the generation and propagation of cracks in the solder and also suppresses the generation of cracks at the solder joint interface between the ceramic component and the solder joint.
- an intermetallic compound of Cu 6 Sn 5 is generated at the joint interface with Cu land, but the solder alloy of the present invention contains 0.01 to 0.2% by mass of Ni, This contained Ni moves to the soldering interface portion during soldering to generate (CuNi) 6 Sn 5 instead of Cu 6 Sn 5 , and the (CuNi) 6 Sn 5 intermetallic compound layer at the interface
- the Ni concentration becomes higher.
- an intermetallic compound layer of (CuNi) 6 Sn 5 that is finer than Cu 6 Sn 5 and has a uniform particle size is formed at the soldering interface.
- the fine (CuNi) 6 Sn 5 intermetallic compound layer has an effect of suppressing cracks propagating from the interface. This is because, in an intermetallic compound layer having a large particle size such as Cu 6 Sn 5 , the generated crack propagates along the large particle size, so that the crack progresses quickly. However, when the particle diameter is fine, the stress of the generated crack is dispersed in many particle diameter directions, so that the progress of the crack can be delayed.
- the solder alloy of the present invention by adding Ni, the intermetallic compound in the intermetallic compound layer generated near the soldering interface is refined to suppress the generation of cracks and once generated It works to suppress the propagation of Therefore, the solder alloy of the present invention can suppress the generation and propagation of cracks from the joint interface. If the amount of Ni is less than 0.01% by mass, the amount of Ni at the soldering interface is small, so the effect of modifying the solder joint interface is insufficient, so there is no crack suppression effect, and the amount of Ni is 0.2.
- the amount of Ni of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 0.2% by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 0.1% by mass. More preferably, it is 0.02 to 0.08%.
- Ag added to the present invention improves the wettability of the solder and precipitates a network-like compound of an Ag3Sn intermetallic compound in the solder matrix to produce a precipitation dispersion strengthened type alloy, improving the temperature cycle characteristics
- the effect of aiming at is demonstrated.
- the Ag content is less than 1% by mass, the effect of improving the wettability of the solder is not exhibited, the amount of Ag 3 Sn precipitated is reduced, and the intermetallic compound network is not strengthened. .
- the amount of Ag added to the present invention is preferably 1 to 4% by mass. More preferably, the amount of Ag is 3.2 to 3.8% by mass.
- Cu added to the solder alloy of the present invention has an effect of preventing Cu erosion to the Cu land and an effect of improving the temperature cycle characteristics by precipitating a fine Cu 6 Sn 5 compound in the solder matrix.
- Cu of the solder alloy of the present invention is less than 0.6% by mass, prevention of Cu erosion to Cu lands does not appear, and when Cu is added in excess of 0.8% by mass, an intermetallic compound of Cu 6 Sn 5 is bonded to the bonding interface. Therefore, the growth of cracks due to vibration or the like is accelerated.
- the temperature cycle characteristics can be further improved by adding Bi.
- Sb added in the present invention not only precipitates SnSb intermetallic compounds to form a precipitation dispersion strengthened type alloy, but also enters the atomic arrangement lattice and distorts the atomic arrangement lattice by replacing it with Sn. Reinforcing the matrix also has the effect of improving temperature cycle characteristics.
- Bi is contained in the solder, Bi is replaced with Sb, so that the temperature cycle characteristics can be further improved. This is because Bi has a larger atomic weight than Sb and has a great effect of distorting the lattice of the atomic arrangement.
- Bi does not hinder the formation of fine SnSb intermetallic compounds, and a precipitation dispersion strengthened solder alloy is maintained. If the amount of Bi added to the solder alloy of the present invention is less than 1.5% by mass, substitution with Sb hardly occurs and the amount of fine SnSb intermetallic compound decreases, so that the effect of improving the temperature cycle does not appear, When the amount of Bi exceeds 5.5% by mass, the ductility of the solder alloy itself becomes low and it becomes hard and brittle, so that crack growth due to vibration or the like is accelerated.
- the amount of Bi added to the solder alloy of the present invention is preferably 1.5 to 5.5% by mass, and more preferably 3 to 5% by mass. More preferably, the content is 3.2 to 5.0% by mass.
- the effect of Ni of the present invention can be enhanced by adding Co or Fe, or both.
- Co exhibits an excellent effect.
- the total amount of Co and Fe added to the solder alloy of the present invention is less than 0.001% by mass, and the effect of preventing the growth of interface cracks due to precipitation at the bonding interface does not appear. If it is added in excess, the intermetallic compound layer deposited on the interface becomes thick, and the growth of cracks due to vibration or the like is accelerated.
- the amount of Co and / or Fe added to the present invention is preferably 0.001 to 0.1% by mass.
- the solder alloy according to the present invention is excellent in heat cycle performance, and since crack generation and propagation in the solder is suppressed, it is used in a state where it is constantly subjected to vibration. Even when used for automobiles, that is, for automobiles, the growth and progress of cracks are not promoted. Therefore, since it has such a particularly remarkable characteristic, it turns out that the solder alloy concerning this invention is especially suitable for the soldering of the electronic circuit mounted in a motor vehicle.
- excellent in heat cycleability means that cracks occur after 3000 cycles even when a heat cycle test of ⁇ 40 ° C. or lower and + 125 ° C. or higher is performed as shown in the examples described later. The rate is 90% or less, and similarly, the shear strength remaining rate after 3000 cycles is 30% or more.
- solder alloy used for soldering is a highly reliable solder alloy. Furthermore, the solder alloy of the present invention is excellent in the shear strength remaining rate after the temperature cycle. That is, even if it is used for a long period of time, resistance to external forces such as shear strength does not decrease against external forces applied from the outside such as collision and vibration. As described above, the solder alloy according to the present invention is more specifically used for soldering an in-vehicle electronic circuit or used for soldering an ECU electronic circuit and exhibiting excellent heat cycle performance. It is.
- the “electronic circuit” is a system (system) that exerts a target function as a whole by an electronic combination of a plurality of electronic components each having a function.
- Examples of electronic components that constitute such an electronic circuit include chip resistor components, multiple resistor components, QFP, QFN, power transistors, diodes, capacitors, and the like.
- An electronic circuit incorporating these electronic components is provided on a substrate to constitute an electronic circuit device.
- a substrate constituting such an electronic circuit device for example, a printed wiring board
- the material is not particularly limited, but a heat-resistant plastic substrate (for example, FR-4 having high Tg and low CTE) is exemplified.
- the printed circuit board is preferably a printed circuit board having a Cu land surface treated with an organic substance (OSP: Organic Surface Protection) such as amine or imidazole.
- OSP Organic Surface Protection
- the shape of the lead-free solder according to the present invention is used for joining fine solder parts, so it is used for reflow soldering and is usually used as a solder paste, but it is shaped like a ball, pellet or washer. It may be used as a solder preform.
- solder alloy shown in Table 1 was atomized to obtain solder powder.
- a solder paste of each solder alloy was prepared by mixing with soldering flux composed of pine resin, solvent, activator, thixotropic agent, organic acid, and the like.
- Solder paste is printed on a 6-layer printed circuit board (material: FR-4) with a 150 ⁇ m metal mask, and then mounted with a 3216 chip resistor with a mounter, under the conditions of a maximum temperature of 235 ° C. and a holding time of 40 seconds.
- Reflow soldering was performed to prepare a test board.
- the test board soldered with each solder alloy is put into a temperature cycle test apparatus set at low temperature ⁇ 40 ° C., high temperature + 125 ° C.
- Table 1 shows that even after 1500 cycles of the temperature cycle test, the SnSb crystal grains are not coarsened and remain unchanged from the initial values.
- FIG. 3 shows the state of the SnSb intermetallic compound 7 after 3000 cycles in the temperature cycle test, taken with an electron microscope of 3500 times, for the solder alloy of Example 5.
- the SnSb intermetallic compound of Example 5 is fine and is uniformly distributed in the solder. Therefore, even if a crack occurs, it prevents the SnSb intermetallic compound from cracking.
- FIG. 4 shows the state of the SnSb intermetallic compound 7 after 3000 cycles in the temperature cycle test, taken with an electron microscope of 3500 times, for the solder alloy of Comparative Example 4.
- the SnSb intermetallic compound of the comparative example is enlarged, and the occurrence of cracks in the SnSb intermetallic compound cannot be suppressed.
- the shear strength remaining rate is an index of how much strength is maintained in the temperature cycle test with respect to the shear strength of the soldered portion in the initial state.
- the shear strength test was performed using a joint strength tester STR-1000 at room temperature, at a test speed of 6 mm / min, and at a test height of 50 ⁇ m. The results are summarized in Table 2.
- FIG. 6 shows a graph in which the crack generation rate and the shear strength remaining rate are plotted against the Sb content for the Sn—Ag—Cu—Ni—Sb solder alloy.
- the crack generation rate is 90% or less and the shear strength residual rate is 30% or more.
- the solder alloy of the present invention A solder alloy that has excellent temperature cycle characteristics and is resistant to impacts such as collisions can be obtained.
- FIG. 7 shows a graph plotting the crack occurrence rate according to the Sb amount with respect to the Bi content for the Sn—Ag—Cu—Ni—Sb—Bi based solder alloy.
- the Bi content is in the range of 1.5 to 5.5% within the scope of the present invention and the Sb content is 1 to 5%, the crack generation rate is 90% or less, excellent in temperature cycle characteristics, and crack generation. Can be suppressed.
- FIG. 8 shows a graph in which the shear strength remaining rate is plotted for each Sn content with respect to the Bi content for the Sn—Ag—Cu—Ni—Sb—Bi based solder alloy.
- the Bi content is 1.5 to 5.5% within the range of the present invention and the Sb content is 1 to 5%
- the shear strength residual ratio is 30% or more, and it is resistant to impacts such as collisions and cracks. Occurrence can be suppressed.
- the solder alloy of the present invention is maintained in a state where the SnSb crystal grains do not become coarse and remain unchanged from the initial value even under the harsh temperature conditions required for an automobile ECU board of ⁇ 40 to + 125 ° C.
- the occurrence of cracks occurring in the solder can be reduced as compared with other solder alloys.
- the lead-free solder alloy according to the present invention is not limited to reflow soldering, but may be ingot, rod, or wire solder that is the shape of flow soldering, or oil-filled solder that is the shape of manual soldering.
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Abstract
Description
ここに、「車載」または「車載用」というのは、自動車に搭載されるということであり、具体的には、過酷な使用環境、すなわち、-40℃から125℃という温度環境に繰り返し曝されて使用されても所定の特性を確保でき、自動車に搭載可能であるということである。より具体的には、そのような温度環境下でも3000サイクルのヒートサイクル試験に耐え得て、その条件下でも外部からの力を評価するシェア試験に対して耐性を有するということである。
リフローはんだ付けで接合する車載用はんだ合金は、低温は冷寒地、高温はエンジンルームを模式して、-40℃~+125℃の温度サイクル試験が課せられる。本発明のはんだ合金では、添加したSbが、例えば125℃という高温状態でSnマトリックス中に再固溶し、例えば-40℃という低温状態でSnSb金属間化合物が析出するという工程が繰り返されることによって、SnSb金属間化合物の粗大化が止まり、温度サイクル試験を実施する中で、一度粗大化したSnSb金属化合物も高温側でSnマトリックス中に再溶解するので、微細なSnSb金属間化合物が形成され、析出分散強化型のはんだ合金が維持させる。
本発明にかかるはんだ合金を、微少なはんだ量で、はんだフィレットがほとんどなく薄いはんだ接合部を有する車載電子回路のはんだ付けに用いることで、-40から+125℃の温度サイクルに曝される使用環境下で使用しても、はんだ接合部にクラックが発生せず、例えクラックが発生したとしても、はんだ中を伝播することが抑制されるため、信頼性の高い車載電子回路および車載電子回路装置を得ることができる。
また、本発明のはんだ合金は、接合界面で発生するクラックも抑制されており、特にECU装置のはんだ付けに適した特性を有している。
したがって、本発明のSbの量は1~5質量%であり、好ましくは3~5質量%である。後述するBiが配合される場合には、Sbの量は3超~5%が好ましい。
Niの量が0.01質量%未満では、はんだ付け界面のNiの量が少ないため、はんだ接合部界面の改質効果が不十分であるためクラック抑止効果がなく、Niの量が0.2質量%を超えてしまうと、液相線温度が上昇するため、本発明に添加したSbの再溶融が発生せず、微細なSnSb金属間化合物の粒径維持の効果を阻害してしまう。
したがって、本発明のNiの量は、0.01~0.2質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは0.02~0.1質量%である。さらに好ましくは、0.02~0.08%である。
本発明のはんだ合金で、Agの含有量が1質量%未満では、はんだのぬれ性の向上効果が発揮されず、Ag3Snの析出量が少なくなり、金属間化合物のネットワークが強固とはならない。また、Agの量が4質量%より多くなると、はんだの液相線温度が上昇して、本発明にしたがって添加したSbの再溶融が起らず、SnSb金属間化合物の微細化の効果を阻害してしまう。
したがって、本発明に添加するAgの量は、1~4質量%が好ましい。より好ましくは、Agの量が3.2~3.8質量%である。
本発明のはんだ合金のCuが0.6質量%未満では、Cuランドに対するCu食われ防止が現れず、Cuが0.8質量%を超えて添加するとCu6Sn5の金属間化合物が接合界面にも多く析出するので、振動等でのクラックの成長が早くなってしまう。
本発明のはんだ合金に添加するBiの量が、1.5質量%未満ではSbとの置換が起き難く、微細なSnSb金属間化合物の量が少なくなるため、温度サイクル向上効果が現れない、また、Biの量が5.5質量%を超えて添加するとはんだ合金自体の延性が低くなって堅く硬く、もろくなるので、振動等でのクラックの成長が早くなってしまう。
本発明のはんだ合金に添加するBiの量は、1.5~5.5質量%が好ましく、より好ましいのは、3~5質量%のときである。さらに好ましくは、3.2~5.0質量%である。
本発明のはんだ合金に添加するCoとFeの量は、合計量で、0.001質量%未満では接合界面に析出して界面クラックの成長を防止する効果が現れず、0.1質量%を超えて添加されると界面に析出する金属間化合物層が厚くなり、振動等でのクラックの成長が早くなってしまう。
本発明に添加するCoまたはFe、その両方を添加する量は、0.001~0.1質量%が好ましい。
このように、本発明にかかるはんだ合金は、より特定的には、車載電子回路のはんだ付けに用いられ、あるいは、ECU電子回路のはんだ付けに用いられて優れたヒートサイクル性を発揮するはんだ合金である。
ここにそのような電子回路を構成する電子部品としては、チップ抵抗部品、多連抵抗部品、QFP、QFN、パワートランジスタ、ダイオード、コンデンサなどが例示される。これらの電子部品を組み込んだ電子回路は基板上に設けられ、電子回路装置を構成するのである。
表1の各はんだ合金を作製して、はんだの溶融温度を測定した。測定方法は、固相線温度はJIS Z3198-1に準じて行った。液相線温度は、JIS Z3198-1を採用せずに、JIS Z3198-1の固相線温度の測定方法と同様のDSCによる方法で実施した。
結果を表1の液相線温度に示す。
表1のはんだ合金をアトマイズしてはんだ粉末とした。松脂、溶剤、活性剤、チキソ剤、有機酸等からなるはんだ付けフラックスと混和して、各はんだ合金のソルダペーストを作製した。ソルダペーストは、6層のプリント基板(材質:FR-4)に150μmのメタルマスクで印刷した後、3216のチップ抵抗器をマウンターで実装して、最高温度235℃、保持時間40秒の条件でリフローはんだ付けをし、試験基板を作製した。
各はんだ合金ではんだ付けした試験基板を低温-40℃、高温+125℃、保持時間30分の条件に設定した温度サイクル試験装置に入れ、初期値、1500サイクル後に各条件で温度サイクル試験装置から取り出し、3500倍の電子顕微鏡で観察して、はんだ合金のSnマトリックス中のSnSb金属間化合物の粒子の平均粒径を測定した。
結果を表1のクラック率とSnSb粒径に示す。
ここで、表1中の※1はSnSb金属間化合物が見えず測定ができなかったことを示し、※2ははんだの液相線温度が高く、リフロー条件の235℃でははんだ付けできなかったことを示す。
クラック発生率は、クラックが想定クラック長さに対して、クラックが生じた領域がどの程度かの指標となる。SnSbの粒径測定後に、150倍の電子顕微鏡を用いて、クラックの状態を観察して、クラックの全長を想定し、クラック率を測定した。
クラック率(%)= クラック長さの総和 ×100
想定線クラック全長
ここに、「想定線クラック全長」とは、完全破断のクラック長さをいう。
クラック率は、図5に示した複数のクラック7の長さの合計を、クラック予想進展経路8の長さで割った率である。
結果は、表1に記載する。
シェア強度残存率は、初期状態のはんだ付け部のシェア強度に対して温度サイクル試験にどの程度の強度が維持されているかの指標となる。
シェア強度試験は、継手強度試験機STR‐1000を用いて、室温下で、試験速度6mm/min、試験高さは50μmの条件で行った。
結果はまとめて表2に示す。
2 はんだ合金
3 基板
4 Cuランド
5 金属間化合物層
6 クラック進展経路
7 SnSb金属間化合物
8 クラック予想進展経路
Claims (9)
- Ag:1~4質量%、Cu:0.6~0.8質量%、Sb:1~5質量%、Ni:0.01~0.2質量%、残部Snからなることを特徴とする鉛フリーはんだ合金。
- さらに、Bi:1.5~5.5質量%を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金。
- さらに、CoおよびFeから選択された元素を少なくとも1種を合計で0.001~0.1質量%含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金。
- 請求項1~3に記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金であって、温度サイクル試験の3000サイクル後の初期値に対するシェア強度残存率が30%以上であることを特徴とする鉛フリーはんだ合金。
- 請求項1~4に記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金であって、Cu-OSP処理を施した基板と接合されることを特徴とする鉛フリーはんだ合金。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金からなるはんだ接合部を有する車載電子回路。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金からなるはんだ接合部を有するECU電子回路。
- 請求項6記載の電子回路を備えた車載電子回路装置。
- 請求項7記載のECU電子回路を備えたECU電子回路装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PH12015502283A1 (en) | 2016-02-01 |
EP2982469A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
EP2982469A4 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
JP2015077601A (ja) | 2015-04-23 |
BR112015025125A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
MX357114B (es) | 2018-06-27 |
BR112015025125B1 (pt) | 2020-03-24 |
CN105142856A (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
JPWO2014163167A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
KR20160148036A (ko) | 2016-12-23 |
MX2015013942A (es) | 2017-07-28 |
KR20150126385A (ko) | 2015-11-11 |
CN108581266A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
US20160056570A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
PH12015502283B1 (en) | 2016-02-01 |
EP2982469B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
HUE042401T2 (hu) | 2019-06-28 |
PT2982469T (pt) | 2019-04-23 |
KR102038189B1 (ko) | 2019-10-29 |
MY158373A (en) | 2016-09-26 |
US9837757B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
ES2718523T3 (es) | 2019-07-02 |
JP5811304B2 (ja) | 2015-11-11 |
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