WO2014126256A1 - 電解液及びこれを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
電解液及びこれを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014126256A1 WO2014126256A1 PCT/JP2014/053752 JP2014053752W WO2014126256A1 WO 2014126256 A1 WO2014126256 A1 WO 2014126256A1 JP 2014053752 W JP2014053752 W JP 2014053752W WO 2014126256 A1 WO2014126256 A1 WO 2014126256A1
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- electrolyte salt
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution and a lithium ion secondary battery provided with the same.
- Batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries, are used as power supplies for mobile phones and personal computers, as well as power supplies for automobiles.
- batteries used for such applications researches for improving various characteristics such as securing of safety and improvement of cycle characteristics have been repeated.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, a halogenated carbonate such as 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (FEC), and bis (fluoro) bis (electrolyte salt).
- the electrolytic solution which dissolved the sulfonyl) imide lithium (LiFSI) and lithium hexafluoride so that it may be set to 1.1 mol / L in total is disclosed, and this patent document 1 discloses LiFSI and halogenated carbonate ester. It is disclosed that the cycle characteristics in the low temperature range and the high temperature range can be improved by using together and setting the LiFSI concentration to 0.001 mol / L to 0.5 mol / L.
- the present invention has been made focusing on the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to improve the life performance of a battery with less deterioration of cycle characteristics in an electrolytic solution having a high concentration of electrolyte salt. It is providing a solution and a lithium ion secondary battery using the same.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention which has achieved the above object is an electrolytic solution containing an electrolytic salt and a solvent, wherein the electrolytic salt concentration is over 1.1 mol / L, and the following general formula (1) as the electrolytic salt And a compound having a cyclic carbonate as a solvent.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention further contains, as an electrolyte salt, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formula (2) and general formula (3) and lithium hexafluoroarsenate. Is preferred.
- the molar ratio (cyclic carbonate / Li + ) of the cyclic carbonate to the lithium ion (total amount) contained in the electrolytic solution is preferably 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the present invention also includes a lithium ion secondary battery using the above-mentioned electrolytic solution.
- the average discharge voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery is preferably 3.7 V or more.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the result of experiment example A.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of experiment example C.
- Electrolyte Solution is an electrolyte solution containing an electrolyte salt and a solvent, and the electrolyte salt concentration is more than 1.1 mol / L, and is represented by the following general formula (1) as the electrolyte salt It is characterized in that it contains a compound (hereinafter sometimes referred to as electrolyte salt (1)) and contains cyclic carbonate as a solvent.
- electrolyte salt (1) a compound (hereinafter sometimes referred to as electrolyte salt (1)) and contains cyclic carbonate as a solvent.
- the electrolyte solution of the present invention has an electrolyte salt concentration of more than 1.1 mol / L.
- concentration of the electrolyte salt increases, the amount of ions present in the electrolytic solution also increases, so it is considered that the battery performance is improved by the increase of the ion conductivity.
- the electrolyte salt concentration increases, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution also increases, so the ion conductivity actually decreases. Therefore, conventionally, the electrolyte salt was used at a concentration of about 1.0 mol / L.
- the electrolytic solution contains the electrolyte salt represented by the above general formula (1), the ion conductivity is high even in the high electrolyte salt concentration region of more than 1.1 mol / L.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that it is difficult to deteriorate and that deterioration of cycle characteristics does not easily occur.
- the electrolyte salt concentration of the electrolytic solution of the present invention is preferably 1.2 mol / L or more, more preferably 1.25 mol / L or more, still more preferably 1.3 mol / L or more, preferably 2.0 mol / L or less, more preferably 1.9 mol / L or less, and still more preferably 1.8 mol / L or less.
- the electrolyte salt concentration is too high, the viscosity increase of the electrolyte concentration becomes remarkable and the ion conductivity may be lowered, and the battery performance (discharge load characteristics etc.) may also be lowered.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt when the concentration of the electrolyte salt is too low, the amount of ions present in the electrolytic solution decreases, and as a result, the ion conductivity decreases, making it difficult to obtain desired battery performance.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention will be further described.
- Electrolyte salt 1-1-1 Electrolyte salt (1)
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention contains the electrolyte salt represented by the above general formula (1).
- the electrolyte salt (1) reacts with the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode during battery operation to form a film on the electrode surface.
- This film has an electrolytic solution decomposition suppressing effect, and thereby, a stable capacity maintaining function (cycle characteristic) is exhibited without impairing the performance of the electrolytic solution.
- the formation of the film suppresses the elution of electrode components such as the electrode active material, and as a result, the rise in the internal resistance of the battery can be suppressed and the discharge voltage can be maintained at a high value. Is improved.
- X represents a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group.
- methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, pentyl group and hexyl group can be mentioned.
- the fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include those in which a part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the above-mentioned alkyl group are substituted with a fluorine atom.
- fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, fluoroethyl group, difluoroethyl group, trifluoroethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- substituent X a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group and a pentafluoroethyl group are preferable.
- the electrolyte salt (1) include lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium (fluorosulfonyl) (methylsulfonyl) imide, lithium (fluorosulfonyl) (penta) Fluoroethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium (fluorosulfonyl) (ethylsulfonyl) imide, and more preferably lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium (fluorosulfonyl) ( Pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imide is more preferable, and lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and lithium (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)
- electrolyte salt (1) one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the electrolyte salt (1) may be a commercially available product, or a product synthesized by a conventionally known method may be used.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt (1) in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is preferably 0.01 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.05 mol / L or more, and still more preferably 0.2 mol / L or more. It is preferable that it is 1.8 mol / L or less, More preferably, it is 1.6 mol / L or less, More preferably, it is 1.4 mol / L or less.
- concentration of the electrolyte salt (1) is too high, the positive electrode current collector may be corroded. On the other hand, when the concentration is too low, the effect derived from the electrolyte salt (1) may be difficult to obtain.
- the electrolyte of the present invention may contain other electrolyte salts different from the above electrolyte salt (1).
- electrolyte salts trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ion (CF 3 SO 3 -), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 -), perchlorate ion (ClO 4 -), tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 -) , hexafluoroarsenate ion (AsF 6 -), tetracyanoquinodimethane borate ion ([B (CN) 4] -), tetrachloro aluminum ion (AlCl 4 -), tricyanomethide ion (C [(CN) 3] - ), Dicyanamide ion (N [(CN) 2 ] - ), bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ion (N [(SO 2
- the compound represented by the general formula (2) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as electrolyte salt (2)) is preferably LiPF 6 , LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 3 F 7 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 4 F 9 ) 3 and the like. More preferably, LiPF 6 and LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 are used, and still more preferably, LiPF 6 is used.
- the electrolyte salt represented by the general formula (3) is preferably LiBF 4 , LiBF (CF 3 ) 3 , LiBF (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiBF (C 3 F 7) 3, and the like, LiBF 4, LiBF (CF 3 ) 3 , and still more preferably LiBF 4.
- the other electrolyte salt may be used alone or in combination of two or more of the above exemplified compounds.
- Preferred other electrolyte salts are LiPF 6 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiBF 4 and LiBF (CF 3 ) 3 , more preferably LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 , still more preferably LiPF 6 It is.
- LiPF 6 is used together with the above-mentioned electrolyte salt (1), it is preferable because good cycle characteristics can be easily obtained even in a high electrolyte salt concentration region (more than 1.1 mol / L).
- the concentration of the other electrolyte salt is not particularly limited as long as the total concentration with the above electrolyte salt (1) is used in the range of more than 1.1 mol / L, but the concentration of the other electrolyte salt is preferably 0 .1 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.15 mol / L or more, still more preferably 0.2 mol / L or more, preferably 1.5 mol / L or less, more preferably 1.4 mol / L or less It is L or less, more preferably 1.3 mol / L or less. If the concentration of the other electrolyte salt is too high, the ionic conductivity may decrease due to the increase in viscosity, while if it is too low, corrosion of the positive electrode current collector due to the electrolyte salt (1) may occur. .
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention contains cyclic carbonate as a solvent.
- cyclic carbonates include saturated cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (ethylene carbonate), propylene carbonate (propylene carbonate), 2,3-dimethyl ethylene carbonate (2,3-butanediyl carbonate), 1,2-butylene carbonate and erythritan carbonate.
- saturated cyclic carbonates are preferable in terms of cost, and ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate are particularly preferable.
- the cyclic carbonates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the cyclic carbonate is preferably used in such a range that the molar ratio (cyclic carbonate / Li + ) with respect to lithium ions (total amount) contained in the electrolytic solution is 1 to 5.
- the molar ratio (cyclic carbonate / Li + ) with respect to lithium ions (total amount) contained in the electrolytic solution is 1 to 5.
- the cause of the deterioration of cycle characteristics is the decomposition of the solvent constituting the electrolyte.
- the deterioration of the cycle characteristics can be further suppressed by setting the amount of the cyclic carbonate used in the above range with respect to lithium ions.
- the inventors consider the reason why the deterioration of the cycle characteristics is suppressed as follows. By determining the amount of cyclic carbonate used according to the amount of lithium ions, it is possible to reduce the amount of cyclic carbonate (free cyclic carbonate) which is not solvated with lithium ions present in the electrolytic solution. That is, since the amount of free cyclic carbonate which can participate in the decomposition reaction decreases, it is considered that the decomposition reaction of the solvent hardly occurs and the deterioration of the cycle characteristics is suppressed.
- cyclic carbonate / Li + If the molar ratio (cyclic carbonate / Li + ) is too large, free cyclic carbonate present in excess in the electrolytic solution is oxidized and / or reductively decomposed, resulting in deterioration of cycle characteristics. On the other hand, when the molar ratio is too small, the amount of cyclic carbonate is too small to obtain the effect derived from cyclic carbonate (for example, the effect of forming a film on the negative electrode and suppressing the decomposition of the electrolyte) In addition, the consumption of the solvent due to the repetition of charge and discharge (film formation, decomposition, etc.) may cause the electrolytic solution to dry out.
- the cyclic carbonate in a molar ratio to the lithium ion (cyclic carbonate / Li + ) in the range of 1 or more and 4.5 or less, still more preferably 1 or more and 4.0 or less. More preferably, it is 1 or more and 3.0 or less, still more preferably 1 or more and 2.7 or less, still more preferably 2.5 or less, particularly preferably 2.0 or less, and 1.8 or less Is particularly preferred.
- the molar ratio of cyclic carbonate to lithium ion is calculated based on the specific gravity and molar mass of the cyclic carbonate.
- the specific gravity may be calculated as 1.321 and the molar mass as 88.06.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain a solvent (other solvent) other than cyclic carbonate.
- a solvent other solvent
- a solvent having a large dielectric constant, a high solubility of an electrolyte salt, a boiling point of 60 ° C. or more, and a wide electrochemical stability range is preferable. More preferably, it is an organic solvent (non-aqueous solvent) having a low water content.
- Such organic solvents include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (1,2-dimethoxyethane), ethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2,6-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, crown ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Ethers such as tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane; dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (ethyl methyl carbonate), diethyl carbonate (diethyl carbonate), diphenyl carbonate, methyl phenyl carbonate, etc.
- Ethers such as tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane; dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (ethyl methyl carbonate), diethyl carbonate (die
- Linear carbonates methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate and other fats
- Carboxylic acid esters Aromatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate; Lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone; trimethyl phosphate, ethyl dimethyl phosphate, phosphoric acid Phosphate esters such as diethylmethyl and triethyl phosphate; Nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxypropionitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, valeronitrile, butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile Amides such as N-methylformamide, N-ethy
- chain carbonates aliphatic carboxylic esters, lactones and ethers are preferable, and dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and the like are more preferable.
- the other solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the other solvent used is preferably 50% by volume or more, more preferably 55% by volume or more, still more preferably 60% by volume or more, based on 100% by volume of the cyclic carbonate and the other solvent in total. Preferably it is 99 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 95 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 90 volume% or less.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain an additive for the purpose of improving various characteristics of the battery.
- Additives include succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, phenyl Carboxylic anhydrides such as succinic anhydride; ethylene sulfite, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, methyl methanesulfonate, busulfan, sulfolane, sulfolene, dimethyl sulfone, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, etc.
- Sulfur compounds nitrogen-containing compounds such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-piperidone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-methylsuccinimide and the like; Fluorophosphate, difluorinated Phosphates such as acid salts; saturated hydrocarbon compounds such as heptane, octane and cycloheptane; biphenyls, alkylbiphenyls, terphenyls, partially hydrogenated terphenyls, cyclohexylbenzenes, t-butylbenzenes, t-amylbenzenes, Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds such as diphenyl ether and dibenzofuran; and the like.
- nitrogen-containing compounds such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-piperidone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imid
- the additive in the electrolytic solution of the present invention has a concentration of 0.1% by mass or more (more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.3% by mass or more), 20% by mass or less (more preferably) It is preferable to use in the range of 15% by mass or less, still more preferably 10% by mass or less, still more preferably 8% by mass or less, still more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- concentration of 0.1% by mass or more more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.3% by mass or more
- 20% by mass or less more preferably
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and is characterized in that the electrolytic solution of the present invention is provided as an electrolytic solution. More specifically, a separator is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution of the present invention is accommodated in the outer case together with the positive electrode, the negative electrode, etc. in a state of being impregnated in the separator. There is.
- the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known shape may be used as the shape of the lithium secondary battery, such as cylindrical, square, laminate, coin, large, etc. it can.
- any conventionally known shape may be used as the shape of the lithium secondary battery, such as cylindrical, square, laminate, coin, large, etc. it can.
- a high voltage power supply tens of volts to hundreds of volts
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention preferably has an average discharge voltage of 3.7 V or more.
- the average discharge voltage is preferably 5.0 V or less, more preferably 3.75 V to 4.95 V, and still more preferably 3.8 V to 4.9 V.
- the higher the value of the average discharge voltage the higher the energy density of the battery.
- the average discharge voltage in the present invention is a value measured by the charge / discharge device. More specifically, it is a value measured at the time of the first discharge of the lithium ion secondary battery, and the fully charged lithium ion secondary battery is discharged at a current (0.2 C) at which the discharge is completed in 5 hours. It means the voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery when 150 minutes have passed since the start of discharge.
- the positive electrode is one in which a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder and the like is supported on a positive electrode current collector, and is usually formed into a sheet.
- a positive electrode active material composition in which a positive electrode mixture is dissolved or dispersed in a dispersion solvent is coated on a positive electrode current collector by a doctor blade method or the like.
- the material of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited.
- a conductive metal such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or titanium can be used.
- aluminum is preferable because it is easily processed into a thin film and is inexpensive.
- the positive electrode active material is only required to be capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions, and a conventionally known positive electrode active material used in a lithium ion secondary battery is used.
- One of these positive electrode active materials may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- the amount of the positive electrode active material used is preferably 75 parts by mass to 99 parts by mass, and more preferably 85 parts by mass to 97 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode mixture.
- the conductive support agent is used to increase the output of the lithium ion secondary battery, and conductive carbon is mainly used as the conductive support agent.
- conductive carbon include acetylene black, carbon black, graphite, fullerene, metal powder material, single-walled carbon nanotube, multi-walled carbon nanotube, vapor grown carbon fiber and the like.
- the content of the conductive aid in the positive electrode mixture when using the conductive aid is preferably in the range of 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the positive electrode mixture (from Preferably 0.5% by mass to 10% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass to 10% by mass).
- the amount of the conductive additive is too small, the conductivity is extremely deteriorated, and the load characteristics and the discharge capacity may be deteriorated.
- the amount is too large, the bulk density of the positive electrode mixture layer becomes high, and the need to further increase the content of the binder is not preferable.
- binder fluorine resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene; Styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, methyl methacrylate butadiene rubber, synthetic rubber such as chloroprene rubber, etc .; Polyamide such as polyamide imide Resins; Polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; Poly (meth) acrylic resins such as polyacrylamide and polymethyl methacrylate; Polyacrylic acid; Cellulose resins such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, triethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and aminoethyl cellulose And vinyl alcohol resins such as ethylene vinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol; and the like. These binders may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, when manufacturing the positive electrode, these binders may be in a state of being dissolved in a solvent or in a state of being dispersed
- the content of the binder in the positive electrode mixture is preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the positive electrode mixture (more preferably, 0.1% by mass). 5% by mass to 10% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass to 10% by mass). If the amount of the binder is too small, good adhesion can not be obtained, and there is a possibility that the positive electrode active material and the conductive additive may be detached from the current collector. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the internal resistance may be increased to adversely affect the battery characteristics.
- the compounding amount of the conductive support agent and the binder can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the purpose of use of the battery (such as emphasis on output and emphasis on energy), ion conductivity, and the like.
- alcohols, glycols, cellosolves, aminoalcohols, amines, ketones, carboxylic acid amides, phosphoric acid amides, sulfoxides, carbonic acid Acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, ethers, nitriles, water and the like can be mentioned.
- examples thereof include ethanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, diethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and the like.
- solvents may be used in combination.
- the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined depending on the production method and the material to be used.
- the negative electrode is formed by supporting a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, and optionally a conductive auxiliary agent on a negative electrode current collector, and is usually formed into a sheet.
- the same method as the method of manufacturing the positive electrode can be adopted. Further, as the conductive auxiliary agent, the binder and the solvent for dispersing the material used in the production of the negative electrode, the same ones as used in the positive electrode are used.
- Negative electrode current collector As a material of the negative electrode current collector, conductive metals such as copper, iron, nickel, silver, stainless steel (SUS) and the like can be used. Copper is preferable from the viewpoint of easy processing to a thin film.
- Negative Electrode Active Material As the negative electrode active material, a conventionally known negative electrode active material used in a lithium ion secondary battery can be used, as long as it can occlude and release lithium ions. Specifically, graphite materials such as artificial graphite and natural graphite, mesophase sintered bodies made of coal, petroleum pitch, carbon materials such as non-graphitizable carbon, Si, Si alloys, Si based negative electrode materials such as SiO, Sn An Sn-based negative electrode material such as an alloy, a lithium metal, and a lithium alloy such as a lithium-aluminum alloy can be used.
- graphite materials such as artificial graphite and natural graphite, mesophase sintered bodies made of coal, petroleum pitch, carbon materials such as non-graphitizable carbon, Si, Si alloys, Si based negative electrode materials such as SiO, Sn
- An Sn-based negative electrode material such as an alloy, a lithium metal, and a lithium alloy such as a lithium-aluminum alloy can
- the amount of the negative electrode active material used is preferably 80 parts by mass to 99 parts by mass, and more preferably 90 parts by mass to 99 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode mixture.
- the separator is disposed to separate the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known separator can be used in the present invention.
- Specific examples of the separator include porous sheets made of a polymer that absorbs and holds a non-aqueous electrolyte (for example, a microporous polyolefin separator and a cellulose separator), a non-woven separator, and a porous metal body.
- the microporous polyolefin separator is preferable because it has a property of being chemically stable with respect to an organic solvent.
- Examples of the material of the porous sheet include laminates having a three-layer structure of polyethylene, polypropylene, polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene, and the like.
- non-woven fabric separator examples include cotton, rayon, acetate, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, aramid, glass and the like, and depending on the required mechanical strength, etc. Or in combination of two or more.
- Battery exterior material A battery element provided with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, an electrolyte and the like is accommodated in the battery exterior material in order to protect the battery element from external impact, environmental deterioration and the like when using a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the material of the battery case is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known case can be used.
- Experimental example 1 Preparation of Electrolyte Lithium hexafluorophosphate (as electrolyte salt (2)) in a non-aqueous solvent prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC, cyclic carbonate) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) at 15:85 (volume ratio)
- An electrolyte (1) was prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 (manufactured by Kishida Kagaku Co., Ltd.) to a concentration of 1.20 mol / L.
- Anode active material spherically processed natural graphite
- conductive support agent carbon black
- binder a mixture of 2.0 parts by mass of styrene-butadiene rubber and 1.2 parts by mass of carboxymethylcellulose
- the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the polyethylene separator obtained above were punched into circles (positive electrode ⁇ 12 mm, negative electrode ⁇ 14 mm, separator ⁇ 16 mm).
- CR2032 coin-type battery parts positive electrode case (made by aluminum clad SUS304L), negative electrode cap (made by SUS316L), spacer (1 mm thick, made by SUS316L), wave washers (made by SUS316L), gaskets (made by polypropylene)
- a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured using.
- a negative electrode cap equipped with a gasket, a wave washer, a spacer, a negative electrode sheet (provided that the copper foil side of the negative electrode faces the spacer), and a separator are stacked in this order, and then the above electrolyte (1) is added.
- the separator was impregnated.
- the positive electrode sheet was placed so that the positive electrode mixture coated surface faced the negative electrode active material layer side, and the positive electrode case was stacked thereon, and a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was produced by caulking with a caulking machine.
- Discharge load characteristics test For coin-type lithium ion secondary batteries, using a charge / discharge test apparatus (manufactured by Aska Electronics Co., Ltd.) under an environment of a temperature of 25 ° C., predetermined charge conditions (1 C, 4.4 V, constant current constant voltage) After charging in the mode 0.02 C cut, constant-current discharge was performed at a discharge termination voltage of 2.75 V and a discharge current of 0.2 C to measure the discharge capacity of the battery. Thereafter, charge is performed again under predetermined charge conditions (1 C, 4.4 V, constant current constant voltage mode 0.02 C cut), and then discharge is performed with constant current discharge with discharge termination voltage 2.75 V and discharge current 3 C. The volume was measured. During each charge and discharge, the discharge capacity was measured with a rest time of 10 minutes. The index of the discharge capacity in the discharge constant current 3C when the discharge capacity in the discharge constant current 0.2C is 100 is shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1 as load characteristics.
- Experimental Examples 2 to 23 The electrolyte salts (2) to (23) were prepared by dissolving the electrolyte salts in the mixed non-aqueous solvent so as to obtain the compositions shown in Table 1 below.
- Coin-type lithium ion secondary batteries were produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the obtained electrolytic solutions (2) to (23) were used, and the cycle characteristics test and the discharge load characteristics test were conducted.
- the cycle characteristic tests of Experimental Examples 20 to 23 were performed by changing the charge condition, which was 4.4 V in Experimental Example 1, to 4.2 V. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- Table 1 also shows the results of measurement of the average discharge voltage at the time of the first discharge in the discharge load characteristic test.
- the average discharge voltage of the lithium ion secondary batteries manufactured in Experimental Examples 2 to 23 was 3.7 V or more.
- LiFSI lithium bis (fluoro sulfonyl) imide
- the same effect can be obtained regardless of the termination voltage during charging. It can be understood that Furthermore, by using LiFSI as the main agent as the electrolyte salt (1), improvement of rate characteristics at low temperature is expected.
- the discharge load characteristics when the electrolyte salt (1) is not contained, the discharge load characteristics tend to deteriorate as the electrolyte salt concentration increases even if the solvent composition is the same (Experimental Examples 2 and 6, Experimental Examples Comparison of 4 and 7).
- the solubility of the electrolyte salt (1) in the solvent is higher than that of the other electrolyte salt (LiPF 6 ), and in the example of the present invention containing the electrolyte salt (1), the concentration of the electrolyte salt is increased. It is considered that viscosity increase did not occur.
- the fact that the ion conductivity of the electrolyte salt (1) is superior to that of other electrolyte salts (LiPF 6 ) is also considered to contribute to the discharge load characteristics.
- the lithium ion secondary battery provided with the electrolyte solution of the present invention can be expected to have a long life by suppressing the deterioration of the cycle characteristics.
- Experimental example B Experimental Example 24 1. Preparation of Electrolytic Solution Lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide as electrolyte salt (1) in a non-aqueous solvent prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC, cyclic carbonate) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) at 10:90 (volume ratio) And lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 , manufactured by Kishda Chemical Co., Ltd.) as the electrolyte salt (2) were dissolved to a concentration of 0.6 mol / L to prepare an electrolytic solution (24). .
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- charge / discharge test apparatus ACD-01, manufactured by Aska Electronics Co., Ltd.
- charge / discharge speed was 0.2 C (constant current mode) at 25 ° C. and charge / discharge was performed once at 3.0 V to 4.2 V After that, the laminate cell was opened and sealed again under vacuum. Under the same conditions, charge and discharge were repeated 5 times to complete a laminate type lithium ion secondary battery.
- Experimental Example 24 (cyclic carbonate / Li + ratio is 1.25) showed higher discharge capacity at any of the discharge rates as compared to the other experimental examples.
- Experimental Example 26 in which the cyclic carbonate / Li + ratio was 0 without cyclic carbonate was lower in capacity at any rate as compared to Experimental Example 24.
- the discharge rate characteristics of Experimental Examples 25 and 27 not containing the electrolyte salt (1) (LiFSI) were inferior to those of Experimental Example 24 containing the electrolyte salt (1).
- a commercially available positive electrode sheet (LiCoO 2 ), a commercially available negative electrode sheet (natural graphite) and a polyethylene separator were punched into circles (positive electrode ⁇ 12 mm, negative electrode ⁇ 14 mm, separator ⁇ 16 mm).
- CR2032 coin type battery parts positive electrode case (made of aluminum clad SUS304L), negative electrode cap (made of SUS316L), spacer (1 mm thick, made of SUS316L), wave washers (made of SUS316L), gaskets (made of polypropylene) purchased from Takasen Co., Ltd.
- a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured using.
- the separator was impregnated with the electrolyte adjusted to be
- the positive electrode sheet is set so that the layer containing the positive electrode active material (LiCoO 2 ) faces the negative electrode active material layer side, and the positive electrode case is stacked thereon and crimped with a caulking machine.
- the following battery was produced.
- the cycle characteristics decrease as the molar ratio of cyclic carbonate to lithium ion (cyclic carbonate / Li + ) decreases, as in the case of using LiFSI Tended to be suppressed.
- the cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate as the concentration of the electrolyte salt (1) increases, but the cyclic carbonate / Li + is reduced. It is understood that the deterioration of the cycle characteristics can be suppressed even in the electrolyte solution having a high concentration of the electrolyte salt (particularly, 3 or less).
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Abstract
Description
(XSO2)(FSO2)NLi (1)
(一般式(1)中、Xはフッ素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基又は炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキル基を表す。)
本発明の電解液は、電解質塩として、さらに下記一般式(2)、一般式(3)で表される化合物及び六フッ化砒酸リチウムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を含むことが好ましい。
LiPFa(CmF2m+1)6-a (0≦a≦6、1≦m≦4) (2)
LiBFb(CnF2n+1)4-b (0≦b≦4、1≦n≦4) (3)
また、本発明においては、上記環状カーボネートと、電解液中に含まれるリチウムイオン(合計量)とのモル比(環状カーボネート/Li+)が1以上、3以下であることが望ましい。
本発明の電解液とは、電解質塩と溶媒とを含む電解液であって、上記電解質塩濃度が1.1mol/L超であり、上記電解質塩として下記一般式(1)で表される化合物(以下、電解質塩(1)と称する場合がある)を含み、且つ、溶媒として環状カーボネートを含むところに特徴を有している。
(XSO2)(FSO2)NLi (1)
(一般式(1)中、Xはフッ素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基又は炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキル基を表す。)
本発明の電解液は、電解質塩濃度が1.1mol/L超である。電解質塩濃度が高まれば電解液中に存在するイオン量も多くなるため、イオン伝導度の上昇により電池性能は向上するとも考えられる。しかしながら、電解質塩濃度が高まれば電解液の粘度も上昇するため、実際には、イオン伝導度はむしろ低下してしまう。したがって、従来は、電解質塩は1.0mol/L程度の濃度で用いられていた。
以下、本発明の電解液についてさらに説明する。
1-1-1.電解質塩(1)
本発明の電解液は、上記一般式(1)で表される電解質塩を含む。電解質塩(1)は、電池駆動時に正極及び/又は負極と反応して、電極表面上に被膜を形成する。この被膜は、電解液分解抑制効果を有しており、これにより、電解液の性能を損なうことなく安定した容量維持作用(サイクル特性)が発揮される。また、上記被膜の形成により、電極活物質などの電極構成成分の溶出が抑制され、その結果、電池の内部抵抗の上昇が抑えられ放電電圧を高い値に維持することができ、電池のサイクル特性が改善される。
本発明の電解液は、上記電解質塩(1)とは異なる他の電解質塩を含んでいてもよい。他の電解質塩としては、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオン(CF3SO3 -)、ヘキサフルオロリン酸イオン(PF6 -)、過塩素酸イオン(ClO4 -)、テトラフルオロ硼酸イオン(BF4 -)、ヘキサフルオロ砒酸イオン(AsF6 -)、テトラシアノホウ酸イオン([B(CN)4]-)、テトラクロロアルミニウムイオン(AlCl4 -)、トリシアノメチドイオン(C[(CN)3]-)、ジシアナミドイオン(N[(CN)2]-)、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドイオン(N[(SO2CF3)2]-)、トリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)メチドイオン(C[(CF3SO2)3]-)、ヘキサフルオロアンチモン酸イオン(SbF6 -)およびジシアノトリアゾレートイオン(DCTA)等をアニオンとする無機又は有機カチオン塩等の従来公知の電解質塩が使用できる。
本発明の電解液は、溶媒として環状カーボネートを含む。環状カーボネートとしては、炭酸エチレン(エチレンカーボネート)、炭酸プロピレン(プロピレンカーボネート)、2,3-ジメチル炭酸エチレン(炭酸2,3-ブタンジイル)、炭酸1,2-ブチレン及びエリスリタンカーボネート等の飽和環状カーボネート;炭酸ビニレン、メチルビニレンカーボネート(MVC;4-メチル-1,3-ジオキソール-2-オン)、エチルビニレンカーボネート(EVC;4-エチル-1,3-ジオキソール-2-オン)、2-ビニル炭酸エチレン(4-ビニル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)及びフェニルエチレンカーボネート(4-フェニル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)等の不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート;フルオロエチレンカーボネート、4,5-ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート及びトリフルオロプロピレンカーボネート等のフッ素含有環状カーボネート;等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、コスト面からは飽和環状カーボネートが好ましく、特に炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレンが好ましい。環状カーボネートは1種を単独で用いてもよく、又、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明の電解液は、電池の各種特性の向上を目的とする添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池とは、正極と負極とを備え、電解液として、本発明の電解液を備えているところに特徴を有する。より詳細には、上記正極と負極との間にはセパレータが設けられており、且つ、本発明の電解液は、上記セパレータに含浸された状態で、正極、負極等と共に外装ケースに収容されている。
正極は、正極活物質、導電助剤及び結着剤等を含む正極合剤が正極集電体に担持されているものであり、通常、シート状に成形されている。
正極集電体の材料としては特に限定されず、例えば、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、チタン等の導電性金属が使用できる。中でも、アルミニウムは、薄膜に加工し易く、安価であるため好ましい。
正極活物質としては、リチウムイオンの吸蔵及び放出が可能であればよく、リチウムイオン二次電池で使用される従来公知の正極活物質が用いられる。
導電助剤はリチウムイオン二次電池を高出力化するために用いられるものであり、導電助剤としては、主に導電性カーボンが用いられる。導電性カーボンとしては、アセチレンブラック、カーボンブラック、グラファイト、フラーレン、金属粉末材料、単層カーボンナノチューブ、多層カーボンナノチューブ、気相法炭素繊維等が挙げられる。
結着剤としては、ポリビニリデンフロライド、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン等のフッ素系樹脂;スチレン-ブタジエンゴム、ニトリルブタジエンゴム、メチルメタクリレートブタジエンゴム、クロロプレンゴム等の合成ゴム;ポリアミドイミド等のポリアミド系樹脂;ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂;ポリアクリルアミド、ポリメチルメタクリレート等のポリ(メタ)アクリル系樹脂;ポリアクリル酸;メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、トリエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、アミノエチルセルロース等のセルロース系樹脂;エチレンビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアルコール等のビニルアルコール系樹脂;等が挙げられる。これらの結着剤は単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を混合して使用してもよい。また、正極の製造時、これらの結着剤は、溶媒に溶けた状態であっても、溶媒に分散した状態であっても構わない。
負極は、負極活物質、結着剤及び必要に応じて導電助剤等を含む負極合剤が負極集電体に担持されてなるものであり、通常、シート状に成形されている。
負極集電体の材料としては、銅、鉄、ニッケル、銀、ステンレス鋼(SUS)等の導電性金属を用いることができる。なお、薄膜への加工が容易である観点からは、銅が好ましい。
負極活物質としては、リチウムイオン二次電池で使用される従来公知の負極活物質を用いることができ、リチウムイオンの吸蔵及び放出が可能なものであればよい。具体的には、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛等の黒鉛材料、石炭、石油ピッチから作られるメソフェーズ焼成体、難黒鉛化性炭素等の炭素材料、Si、Si合金、SiO等のSi系負極材料、Sn合金等のSn系負極材料、リチウム金属、リチウム-アルミニウム合金等のリチウム合金を用いることができる。
セパレータは正極と負極とを隔てるように配置されるものである。セパレータには特に制限がなく、本発明では、従来公知のセパレータはいずれも使用できる。具体的なセパレータとしては、例えば、非水電解液を吸収・保持するポリマーからなる多孔性シート(例えば、ポリオレフィン系微多孔質セパレータやセルロース系セパレータ等)、不織布セパレータ、多孔質金属体等が挙げられる。中でも、ポリオレフィン系微多孔質セパレータは、有機溶媒に対して化学的に安定であるという性質を有するため好適である。
正極、負極、セパレータ及び電解液等を備えた電池素子は、リチウムイオン二次電池使用時の外部からの衝撃、環境劣化等から電池素子を保護するため電池外装材に収容される。本発明では、電池外装材の素材は特に限定されず従来公知の外装材はいずれも使用することができる。
実験例1
1.電解液の調製
エチレンカーボネート(EC、環状カーボネート)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、15:85(体積比)で混合した非水溶媒に、電解質塩(2)として六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6、キシダ化学株式会社製)を濃度が1.20mol/Lとなるように溶解させて、電解液(1)を調製した。
正極活物質(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)、導電助剤(アセチレンブラック2質量部とグラファイト2質量部の混合物)及び結着剤(PVdF)を93:4:3の質量比で混合し溶媒(N-メチルピロリドン)に分散させた正極合剤スラリーをアルミニウム箔(正極集電体)上に塗工し、乾燥して、正極シートを作製した。
得られたコイン型リチウムイオン二次電池について、温度25℃の環境下、充放電試験装置(株式会社アスカ電子製)を使用し、所定の充電条件(1C、4.4V、定電流定電圧モード0.02Cカット)及び放電条件(1C、終止電圧2.75V、定電流モード)にて、各充放電時には10分の充放電休止時間を設けてサイクル特性試験を行った。容量維持率は、1サイクル後の放電容量と150サイクル後の放電容量の値から算出した。結果を表1に示す。
容量維持率(%)=(150サイクル後の放電容量/1サイクル後の放電容量)×100
コイン型リチウムイオン二次電池について、温度25℃の環境下、充放電試験装置(株式会社アスカ電子製)を使用し、所定の充電条件(1C、4.4V、定電流定電圧モード0.02Cカット)での充電後、放電終止電圧2.75V、放電電流0.2Cで、定電流放電を行って電池の放電容量を測定した。その後、再び、所定の充電条件(1C、4.4V、定電流定電圧モード0.02Cカット)で充電を行った後、放電終止電圧2.75V、放電電流3Cで定電流放電を行って放電容量を測定した。各充放電時には10分の休止時間を設けて放電容量測定を行った。放電定電流0.2Cにおける放電容量を100としたときの放電定電流3Cにおける放電容量の指数を負荷特性として表1及び図1に示す。
下記表1に示す組成となるように、混合した非水溶媒に各電解質塩を溶解させて電解液(2)~(23)を調整した。得られた電解液(2)~(23)を使用したこと以外は実験例1と同様にして、コイン型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性試験及び放電負荷特性試験を行った。なお、実験例20~23のサイクル特性試験は、実験例1では4.4Vであった充電条件を4.2Vに変更して行った。結果を表1及び図1に示す。
実験例24
1.電解液の調製
エチレンカーボネート(EC、環状カーボネート)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、10:90(体積比)で混合した非水溶媒に、電解質塩(1)としてリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドと、電解質塩(2)として六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6、キシダ化学株式会社製)とを濃度がそれぞれ0.6mol/Lとなるように溶解させて、電解液(24)を調製した。
市販の正極シート(活物質:LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)1枚と、市販の負極シート(活物質:グラファイト)1枚とを対向するように積層し、その間に1枚のポリオレフィン系セパレータを挟んだ。2枚のアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで正、負極のシートを挟み込み、アルミニウムラミネートフィルム内を電解液で満たし、真空状態で密閉することにより、24mAhのラミネートセルを作製した。
得られたラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池について、温度25℃で、充放電試験装置(ACD-01、アスカ電子株式会社製)を使用し、充放電速度0.2C(定電流定電圧モード、0.02Cカット)、3.0V~4.2Vにて、各充放電時には10分の充放電休止時間を設けて、サイクル試験を行った。下記式より、1サイクル目、5サイクル目における充放電効率を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
充放電効率 (%)=100×[放電容量]/[充電容量]
ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池について、温度25℃で、充放電試験装置(ACD-01、アスカ電子株式会社製)を用いて、充電速度0.2C(定電流定電圧モード、0.02Cカット)で、4.2Vまで充電した後、同温度で、放電速度0.2C(定電流モード)で3Vまで放電させた時の放電容量を基準とした。次いで、同じ条件で充電した後、温度-30℃で、放電レート0.2C、0.5C、1.0C、2.0Cに変化させ、3.0Vまで放電させたときの放電容量を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
下記表2に示す組成となるように、溶媒に各電解質塩を溶解させて電解液(25)~(27)を調製した。得られた電解液(25)~(27)を使用したこと以外は実験例24と同様にして、ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性試験及び低温特性試験を行った。結果を表2に示す。
実験例28
1.電解液の調製
エチレンカーボネート(EC、環状カーボネート)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、表3に示す組成となるように混合した非水溶媒に、電解質塩(1)としてリチウム(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミドと、電解質塩(2)として六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6、キシダ化学株式会社製)とを表3に示す濃度となるように溶解させて、各電解液を調製した。なお、表3中、「LiFTI」はリチウム(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミドを表す。
市販の正極シート(LiCoO2)、市販の負極シート(天然黒鉛)及びポリエチレン製セパレータを、それぞれ円形(正極φ12mm、負極φ14mm、セパレータφ16mm)に打ち抜いた。宝泉株式会社より購入したCR2032コイン型電池用部品(正極ケース(アルミクラッドSUS304L製)、負極キャップ(SUS316L製)、スペーサー(1mm厚、SUS316L製)、ウェーブワッシャー(SUS316L製)、ガスケット(ポリプロピレン製))を用いてコイン型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
得られたコイン型リチウムイオン二次電池について、温度25℃の環境下、充放電試験装置(ACD-01、株式会社アスカ電子製)を使用し、所定の充電条件(1C、4.2V、定電流定電圧モード0.02Cカット)及び所定の放電条件(1C、終止電圧3V、定電流モード)にて、各充放電時には10分の充放電休止時間を設けてサイクル特性試験を行った。容量維持率は、1サイクル後の放電容量と100サイクル後の放電容量の値から算出した。結果を表3及び図2に示す。
容量維持率(%)=(100サイクル後の放電容量/1サイクル後の放電容量)×100
Claims (5)
- 電解質塩と溶媒とを含む電解液において、
上記電解質塩濃度が1.1mol/L超であり、
上記電解質塩として下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含み、且つ、溶媒として環状カーボネートを含むことを特徴とする電解液。
(XSO2)(FSO2)NLi (1)
(一般式(1)中、Xはフッ素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基又は炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキル基を表す。) - 電解質塩として、さらに下記一般式(2)、一般式(3)で表される化合物及び六フッ化砒酸リチウムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を含む請求項1に記載の電解液。
LiPFa(CmF2m+1)6-a (0≦a≦6、1≦m≦4) (2)
LiBFb(CnF2n+1)4-b (0≦b≦4、1≦n≦4) (3) - 上記環状カーボネートと、電解液中に含まれるリチウムイオン(合計量)とのモル比(環状カーボネート/Li+)が1以上、3以下である請求項1又は2に記載の電解液。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電解液を備えることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 平均放電電圧が3.7V以上である請求項4に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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JP2017084820A (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
CN104995785A (zh) | 2015-10-21 |
CN104995785B (zh) | 2017-11-24 |
PL2958183T3 (pl) | 2020-11-02 |
EP2958183A4 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
US20150380768A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
JP6078629B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
US10978740B2 (en) | 2021-04-13 |
EP2958183A1 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
JPWO2014126256A1 (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
JP6353564B2 (ja) | 2018-07-04 |
KR20150120393A (ko) | 2015-10-27 |
EP2958183B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
KR102141903B1 (ko) | 2020-08-06 |
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