WO2013065708A1 - 重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子 - Google Patents
重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2809—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2866—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for cytokines, lymphokines, interferons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
- C07K16/303—Liver or Pancreas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/46—Hybrid immunoglobulins
- C07K16/468—Immunoglobulins having two or more different antigen binding sites, e.g. multifunctional antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antibody in which the association between the heavy chain and the light chain is controlled, a method for producing an antibody in which the association between the heavy chain and the light chain is controlled, a method for controlling the association between the heavy chain and the light chain of the antibody, and the antibody
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition contained as an ingredient.
- an IgG type bispecific antibody having a human constant region an IgG type antibody having a human constant region having binding specificity for antigen A in one arm and binding specificity for antigen B in the other arm.
- an IgG type bispecific antibody has two types of H chains (ie, H chain for antigen A and H chain for antigen B), and two types of L chains (ie, L chain for antigen A and L chain for antigen B). Chain).
- H chains ie, H chain for antigen A and H chain for antigen B
- L chains ie, L chain for antigen A and L chain for antigen B
- a method using physical obstacles such as “knob” and “hole” and a method using charge repulsion have been reported.
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 In order to obtain the target molecule more efficiently, a method using a common L chain in which the L chain for antigen A and the L chain for antigen B have the same amino acid sequence has been reported (Patent Documents 5 and 6).
- the use of a common L chain may greatly reduce the affinity for an antigen, and is not necessarily an optimal method. Therefore, in order for the bispecific antibody to bind to two antigens with strong affinity, it is preferable that only the H chain and L chain for antigen A are associated, and only the H chain and L chain for antigen B are associated.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and its purpose is to produce an antibody in which the association between the heavy chain and the light chain is controlled, a method for producing an antibody in which the association between the heavy chain and the light chain is controlled, Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling association of antibody heavy and light chains.
- the present invention also includes, as one aspect thereof, a bispecific antibody in which association at the CH1 and CL interface is controlled, and a method for efficiently producing a bispecific antibody by controlling association at the CH1 and CL interface. The purpose is to provide.
- the present inventors selected CH1 and the light chain constant region (CL), which are heavy chain constant regions, as the heavy chain and light chain regions used for the control of association, and eagerly control the association of these CH1 and CL. I did research. As a result, the association of CH1 and CL can be suppressed by substituting amino acid residues present at the interface between CH1 and CL with amino acid residues that repel each other or are not repelled. It was found that heteromolecules are formed more efficiently than using a modification that introduces a knob and a hole alone.
- the association between CH1 and CL can be controlled by the knowledge found by the present inventors.
- the present invention can be applied not only to control association between CH1 and CL, but also to control association between arbitrary polypeptides.
- the present inventors have confirmed that the bispecific antibody in which the association between the heavy chain and the light chain of the present invention is controlled actually retains the function.
- the present invention relates to an antigen-binding molecule in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, a method for producing an antigen-binding molecule in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, and control of association between a heavy chain and a light chain in the antigen-binding molecule More specifically, the method relates to: [1] An antigen-binding molecule in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, In the antigen-binding molecule, one set or two or more sets of amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of amino acid residues shown in the following (a) to (c) in the heavy chain and the light chain are repulsively charged with each other: An antigen-binding molecule that is an amino acid residue that; (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain constant region
- the amino acid residues that are repulsively charged to each other are selected from amino acid residues that are included in any of the following groups (X) or (Y): [1] or [2] An antigen-binding molecule; (X) glutamic acid (E) or aspartic acid (D), (Y) Lysine (K), arginine (R) or histidine (H).
- amino acid residues repelling each other in charge are one or two amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid residue groups (a) or (b): The antigen-binding molecule according to [4]; (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 39 of Kabat numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 38 of Kabat numbering; (B) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 45 of Kabat numbering and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 44 of Kabat numbering.
- amino acid residues that are repulsively charged to each other are selected from amino acid residues included in any of the following groups (X) or (Y): [4] or [5] An antigen-binding molecule; (X) glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), (Y) Lysine (K), Arginine (R), Histidine (H).
- CH1 heavy chain constant
- amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues selected from each of two groups selected from the group consisting of the following (X) to (Z): Is selected from (X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or a combination of (Z) and (Z), [7] or [8] An antigen-binding molecule; (X) glutamic acid (E) or aspartic acid (D), (Y) lysine (K), arginine (R) or histidine (H), (Z) Alanine (A), Asparagine (N), Cysteine (C), Glutamine (Q), Glycine (G), Isoleucine (I), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Phenylalanine (F), Proline ( P), serine (S), threonine (T), tryptophan (W), tyrosine (Y) or valine (V).
- X glutamic acid
- D aspartic acid
- amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues contained in CH1, and the amino acid residue at position 175 of EU numbering is an amino acid residue contained in lysine (K) and CL.
- the antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [7] to [9], wherein the amino acid residues numbered 180, 131, and 160 are all glutamic acid (E).
- the amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues contained in CH1, and the amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 147 and 175 are glutamic acid (E) and amino acid residues contained in CL.
- the antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [7] to [9], wherein the amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 180, 131, and 160 are all lysine (K). [12] Furthermore, the amino acid residue contained in CH1 and at the EU numbering position 213 is glutamic acid (E), and the amino acid residue contained in CL and the amino acid residue at EU numbering position 123 is The antigen-binding molecule according to [11], which is lysine (K). [13] Further, any one of [7] to [12], wherein two or more amino acid residues forming an interface between the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are amino acid residues that do not repel each other 2. The antigen-binding molecule according to item 1.
- amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are one or two amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid residue groups (a) or (b): [13] the antigen-binding molecule according to [13]; (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 39 of Kabat numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 38 of Kabat numbering; (B) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 45 of Kabat numbering and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 44 of Kabat numbering.
- amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues selected from each of the two groups selected from the group consisting of the following (X) to (Z): Is selected from (X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or a combination of (Z) and (Z), [13] or [14] An antigen-binding molecule; (X) glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), (Y) lysine (K), arginine (R), histidine (H), (Z) Alanine (A), Asparagine (N), Cysteine (C), Glutamine (Q), Glycine (G), Isoleucine (I), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Phenylalanine (F), Proline ( P), serine (S), threonine (T), tryptophan (W), tyrosine (Y) or valine (V).
- X glutamic acid
- D aspartic acid
- a method for producing an antigen-binding molecule in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) A nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain constant region (CH1) and a light chain constant region (CL) selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid residue groups (a) to (c) Or modifying the nucleic acid so that two or more sets of amino acid residues repel each other in a chargeable manner, (A) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at position 147 of EU numbering and an amino acid residue contained in CL at position 180 of EU numbering (b) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 An amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering and an amino acid residue contained in CL at position 131 of EU numbering (c) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 and at position 175 of EU numbering An amino acid residue and
- Process (3) A step of recovering an antigen-binding molecule from the host cell culture.
- step (1) further includes a step of modifying the nucleic acid so that the amino acid residues in the set of amino acid residues shown in the following (d) are repelled from each other in charge.
- the nucleic acid is modified so that the amino acid residues repelling each other in a charge are selected from the amino acid residues included in any of the following groups (X) or (Y):
- the nucleic acid is modified so that two or more amino acid residues forming the interface between the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are amino acid residues that repel each other in charge.
- the amino acid residues that are repulsively charged with each other are any one set of amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of amino acid residues shown in the following (a) or (b): 20]
- amino acid residues which are repulsively charged to each other are selected from amino acid residues included in any of the following groups (X) or (Y): [20] or [21] A method for producing an antigen-binding molecule; (X) glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), (Y) Lysine (K), Arginine (R), Histidine (H).
- a method for producing an antigen-binding molecule in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) A nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain constant region (CH1) and a light chain constant region (CL) selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid residue groups (a) to (c) Or modifying the nucleic acid so that two or more sets of amino acid residues do not repel each other in a chargeable manner, (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain constant region (CH1) and located at position 147 of the EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain constant region (CL) and located at position 180 of the EU numbering Amino acid residue (b) of the amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 147, and amino acid residue contained in CL, the amino acid residue at EU numbering position 131 (c) to CH1 An amino acid residue contained in the EU numbering position 175, and an amino acid residue contained in the CL and contained in the CL numbering position 160
- the modified nucleic acid is introduced into a host cell. Culturing the host cell to express the nucleic acid; (3) A step of recovering an antigen-binding molecule from the host cell culture. [24] The method according to [23], wherein the step (1) further includes a step of modifying the nucleic acid so that the amino acid residues in the set of amino acid residues shown in the following (d) do not repel each other in charge.
- the amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues selected from each of two groups selected from the group consisting of the following (X) to (Z):
- the nucleic acid is modified so that the two pairs are selected from (X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or (Z) and (Z)
- the amino acid residues that do not repel each other are amino acid residues contained in CH1, and the amino acid residue at position 175 of EU numbering is an amino acid contained in lysine (K) and CL Any one of [23] to [25], which comprises a step of modifying the nucleic acid so that the amino acid residues at positions 180, 131 and 160 of the EU numbering are all glutamic acid (E) A method for producing the antigen-binding molecule described in 1.
- amino acid residues that do not repel each other are amino acid residues contained in CH1, and amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 147 and 175 are glutamic acid (E) and CL.
- any one of [23] to [25], including a step of modifying the nucleic acid so that all of the amino acid residues contained in the EU numbering positions 180, 131 and 160 are lysine (K) A method for producing the antigen-binding molecule according to claim 1.
- the amino acid residue contained in CH1 and at the EU numbering position 213 is glutamic acid (E)
- the amino acid residue contained in CL and the EU numbering position 123 is The method for producing an antigen-binding molecule according to [27], comprising a step of modifying the nucleic acid so as to be lysine (K).
- the nucleic acid is modified so that two or more amino acid residues that form the interface between the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are amino acid residues that do not repel each other electrically.
- the amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are any one amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid residue groups (a) or (b): 29]
- the method for producing an antigen-binding molecule according to [29] (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 39 of Kabat numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 38 of Kabat numbering; (B) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 45 of Kabat numbering and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 44 of Kabat numbering.
- amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues selected from each of two groups selected from the group consisting of the following (X) to (Z): Is selected from (X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or a combination of (Z) and (Z), [29] or [30]
- a method for producing an antigen-binding molecule (X) glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), (Y) lysine (K), arginine (R), histidine (H), (Z) Alanine (A), Asparagine (N), Cysteine (C), Glutamine (Q), Glycine (G), Isoleucine (I), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Phenylalanine (F), Proline ( P), serine (S), threonine (T), tryptophan (W), tyrosine (Y) or valine (V).
- a method comprising: (A) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 147, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, the EU numbering position 180; (B) an amino acid residue contained in CH1, which is the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, which is an amino acid residue at position 131 in EU numbering; (C) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 and located at position 175 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and located at position 160 in EU numbering. [35] The method according to [34], further comprising modifying the nucleic acid so that the amino acid residues in the set of amino acid residues shown in the following (d) are amino acid residues that repel each other in charge.
- amino acid residues according to [34] or [35], wherein the amino acid residues repelling each other in charge are selected from amino acid residues included in any of the following groups (X) or (Y): Method; (X) glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), (Y) Lysine (K), Arginine (R), Histidine (H). [37] Further, any one of [34] to [36], wherein two or more amino acid residues forming an interface between the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are amino acid residues repelling each other in charge. 2. The method according to item 1.
- amino acid residues repelling each other in charge are any one amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid residue groups (a) or (b): 37]; (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 39 of Kabat numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 38 of Kabat numbering; (B) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 45 of Kabat numbering and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 44 of Kabat numbering.
- amino acid residues according to [37] or [38], wherein the amino acid residues repelling each other in a charge are selected from amino acid residues included in any of the following sets (X) or (Y): Method; (X) glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), (Y) Lysine (K), Arginine (R), Histidine (H).
- a method for controlling association between a heavy chain and a light chain of an antigen-binding molecule comprising: The nucleic acid is modified so that one or more amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of the amino acid residue groups shown in the following (a) to (c) are amino acid residues that do not repel each other electrically
- a method comprising: (A) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 147, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, the EU numbering position 180; (B) an amino acid residue contained in CH1, which is the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, which is an amino acid residue at position 131 in EU numbering; (C) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 and located at position 175 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and located at position 160 in EU numbering.
- amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues selected from each of two groups selected from the group consisting of the following (X) to (Z): Is selected from (X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or a combination of (Z) and (Z), [40] or [41] Method; (X) glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), (Y) lysine (K), arginine (R), histidine (H), (Z) Alanine (A), Asparagine (N), Cysteine (C), Glutamine (Q), Glycine (G), Isoleucine (I), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Phenylalanine (F), Proline ( P), serine (S), threonine (T), tryptophan (W), tyrosine (Y) or valine (V).
- amino acid residues that do not repel each other charge are amino acid residues contained in CH1, and the amino acid residue at position 175 of EU numbering is an amino acid residue contained in lysine (K) and CL, and EU
- the amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues contained in CH1, and the amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 147 and 175 are glutamic acid (E) and amino acid residues contained in CL.
- FIG. 1 is a model diagram of the CH1 / CL interface.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of an antibody showing a possible combination of H chain and L chain when an antibody is prepared by mixing one type of H chain and two types of L chain. It is considered that the sites where mutations with a large ratio of antibodies combining E and K, such as those surrounded by ⁇ , are charged, interacting with each other.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of AIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of AIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of AIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of AIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 1 is a model diagram of the CH1 / CL interface.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of an antibody showing a possible combination of H chain and L chain when an antibody is prepared by mixing one type of H chain and two types of L chain. It is considered that the sites where mutation
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of CIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the results of CIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 9-1 shows the results of CIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 9B is a continuation diagram of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of CIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the results of CIEX analysis of each antibody.
- FIG. 12 shows human IgA1 (SEQ ID NO: 63), IgA2 (SEQ ID NO: 64), IgD (SEQ ID NO: 65), IgE (SEQ ID NO: 66), IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 67) for CH1 of the H chain.
- IgG2 (SEQ ID NO: 68), IgG3 (SEQ ID NO: 69), IgG4 (SEQ ID NO: 70), IgM (SEQ ID NO: 71), and L chain for CL
- human IgK (Kappa) (SEQ ID NO: : 72), IgL1 (SEQ ID NO: 73), IgL2 (SEQ ID NO: 74), IgL3 (SEQ ID NO: 75), IgL6 (SEQ ID NO: 76), IgL7 (SEQ ID NO: 77) (Lambda) It is the figure which aligned and compared each.
- the present invention relates to an antibody in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, a method for producing an antibody in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, and a method for controlling association between an antibody heavy chain and a light chain.
- the term “antibody” is used synonymously with “antigen-binding molecule”. That is, in the present invention, the terms “antibody” or “antigen-binding molecule” are used in the broadest sense. As long as the desired antigen-binding activity and biological activity are exhibited, monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, antibody variants (chimeras) Antibody, humanized antibody, low molecular weight antibody (including antibody fragments to which other molecules may optionally be added), multispecific antibody, and the like.
- “antibody” or “antigen-binding molecule” in the present invention includes a molecule in which a HAS-binding scaffold is added to a Fab (ordinary antibody only in the Fab portion).
- antibody may be either a polypeptide or a heteromultimer.
- Preferred antibodies are monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, human antibodies, Fc-fusion antibodies, and low molecular weight antibodies such as antibody fragments.
- the antibody of the present invention is an antibody in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, wherein the heavy chain and the light chain constituting the antibody are a combination of the intended heavy chain and light chain.
- the present invention relates to an antibody in which (CH1) and the amino acid residue at a predetermined position in the light chain constant region are amino acid residues repelling each other in charge (having the same type of charge).
- the amino acid residue at a predetermined position in the heavy chain constant region (CH1) and the light chain constant region of an undesired combination of heavy chain and light chain is an amino acid residue that repels each other in a chargeable manner (see FIG.
- By using the repulsion of charge it is possible to prevent the formation of an unintended heavy chain and light chain combination, and as a result, to form the desired heavy chain and light chain combination. be able to.
- the antibody of the present invention is an antibody in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, and the heavy chain and the light chain constituting the antibody are associated with a combination of the intended heavy chain and light chain.
- the present invention relates to an antibody in which the amino acid residues at predetermined positions in the heavy chain constant region (CH1) and the light chain constant region do not repel each other.
- the target combination of heavy chain and light chain can be formed using suction force.
- the polypeptide in the present invention usually refers to peptides and proteins having a length of about 10 amino acids or more. Moreover, although it is normally a polypeptide derived from a living organism
- controlling the association and “controlling the association” refer to controlling to achieve a desired state of association, and more specifically, an undesirable association between the heavy chain and the light chain. Say to control so that it is not formed.
- the “interface” in the present invention usually refers to an association surface at the time of association (interaction), and the amino acid residue forming the interface is usually 1 or included in the polypeptide region subjected to the association.
- a plurality of amino acid residues more preferably, amino acid residues that approach and participate in an interaction upon association.
- the interaction includes a case where amino acid residues approaching at the time of association form a hydrogen bond, an electrostatic interaction, a salt bridge, and the like.
- the “amino acid residue forming the interface” means, in detail, an amino acid residue contained in the polypeptide region in the polypeptide region constituting the interface.
- the polypeptide region constituting the interface indicates, for example, a polypeptide region responsible for selective binding between molecules in antibodies, ligands, receptors, substrates, and the like. Specifically, in an antibody, a heavy chain constant region, a heavy chain variable region, a light chain constant region, a light chain variable region and the like can be exemplified.
- Modification of an amino acid residue in the present invention specifically refers to substitution of an original amino acid residue with another amino acid residue, deletion of the original amino acid residue, new amino acid residue Is preferably added, and preferably refers to substitution of the original amino acid residue with another amino acid residue.
- the heavy chain constant region (CH1) and the amino acid residue at a predetermined position in the light chain constant region of a combination of an undesired heavy chain and light chain before association control are charged
- An antibody having a repelling amino acid residue (having the same kind of charge) By altering amino acid residues in the above antibody to amino acid residues that repel each other in charge (having the same kind of charge), the repulsive force of the charge will inhibit the association between these amino acid residues. It is done.
- the antibody has amino acid residues that do not repel each other at the interface of the polypeptide.
- the association between these amino acid residues is promoted, for example, by the attractive force of the charges. It is thought that.
- amino acid residues to be modified are preferably amino acid residues that are close to each other during the association between the polypeptide regions forming the interface.
- amino acid residues that approach at the time of association can be found, for example, by analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the polypeptide and examining the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide region that forms the interface during the association of the polypeptide. Amino acid residues that are close together at the interface are preferred targets for “modification” in the antibodies of the invention.
- amino acids charged amino acids are known.
- lysine (K), arginine (R), and histidine (H) are known as positively charged amino acids (positively charged amino acids).
- negatively charged amino acid negatively charged amino acid
- aspartic acid D
- glutamic acid E
- amino acids that are not charged or nonpolar amino acids include alanine (A), asparagine (N), cysteine (C), glutamine (Q), glycine (G), isoleucine (I), leucine (L), Methionine (M), phenylalanine (F), proline (P), serine (S), threonine (T), tryptophan (W), tyrosine (Y), valine (V) and the like are known. Therefore, in the present invention, amino acids that repel each other in charge (having the same kind of charge) are: (1) One amino acid is a positively charged amino acid and the other amino acid is also a positively charged amino acid. (2) One amino acid is a negatively charged amino acid and the other amino acid is also a negatively charged amino acid.
- amino acids that do not repel each other are (1) one amino acid is a positively charged amino acid and the other amino acid is a negatively charged amino acid; (2) an amino acid in which one amino acid is positively charged and the other amino acid is not charged or nonpolar amino acid, (3) an amino acid in which one amino acid is a negatively charged amino acid and the other amino acid is not charged, or a nonpolar amino acid, (4) an amino acid in which both amino acids are not charged or a non-polar amino acid, Means.
- the amino acid can be modified by various methods known in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, site-directed mutagenesis (Hashimoto-Gotoh, T, Mizuno, T, Ogasahara, Y, and Nakagawa, M. (1995) An oligodeoxyribonucleotide- directed dual amber method for site-directed mutagenesis. Gene 152, 271-275, Zoller, MJ, and Smith, M.
- Amino acid modifications include, for example, uncharged amino acids or nonpolar amino acids to positively charged amino acids, uncharged amino acids or nonpolar amino acids to negatively charged amino acids, positive charges Examples include modification of amino acids into negatively charged amino acids and modification of negatively charged amino acids into positively charged amino acids.
- an amino acid that is not charged or a nonpolar amino acid is changed to another amino acid that is not charged or a nonpolar amino acid, a positively charged amino acid is changed to another positively charged amino acid, a negatively charged amino acid is changed
- Modification of an amino acid to another negatively charged amino acid is also included in the amino acid modification in the present invention.
- amino acid modifications may be added one by one to each of the heavy chain and the light chain, or a plurality may be added. Further, the number of modifications to be added to the heavy chain and the light chain may be the same or different.
- a plurality of modifications to positively charged amino acids may be added to one of the heavy chain or the light chain, and a plurality of modifications to negatively charged amino acids may be added to the other. Further, a plurality of alterations to positively charged amino acids and amino acids to negative charges may be added to the same heavy chain or light chain.
- modification to an amino acid or nonpolar amino acid that is not charged, modification of an amino acid or nonpolar amino acid that is not charged may be combined as appropriate.
- the amino acid of one chain can be used as it is without modification. In that case, it is not always necessary to modify both the heavy chain and the light chain, and only one chain is modified. Also good.
- the number of amino acid residues subjected to modification in the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the “small number” is, for example, a number of about 1 to 30, preferably a number of about 1 to 20, more preferably a number of 1 to 15, and most preferably a number of 1 to 5.
- antibody is used in the broadest sense. As long as the desired biological activity is exhibited, monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, antibody variants (chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, low molecular weight antibodies (antibodies) Fragments), multispecific antibodies, and the like. In the present invention, “antibody” may be either a polypeptide or a heteromultimer. Preferred antibodies are monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, human antibodies, Fc-fusion antibodies, and low molecular weight antibodies such as antibody fragments.
- multispecific antibody refers to an antibody that can specifically bind to different types of epitopes. That is, a multispecific antibody is an antibody having specificity for at least two different epitopes, and includes antibodies that recognize different antigens as well as antibodies that recognize different epitopes on the same antigen. (For example, if the antigen is a heteroreceptor, the multispecific antibody recognizes different domains that make up the heteroreceptor, or if the antigen is a monomer, the multispecific antibody is Recognize). Usually, such a molecule is one that binds to two antigens (bispecific antibody: used in the same meaning as “bispecific antibody” in this specification), but more It may have specificity for (for example, three types) antigens.
- the “antibody” in the present invention includes those in which the amino acid sequence is further modified by amino acid substitution, deletion, addition and / or insertion, chimerization, humanization, or the like. Amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions and / or insertions, and amino acid sequence modifications such as humanization and chimerization can be performed by methods known to those skilled in the art. Similarly, the variable region and constant region of an antibody used when the antibody of the present invention is produced as a recombinant antibody is also replaced by amino acid substitution, deletion, addition and / or insertion, chimerization, humanization, etc. The sequence may be altered.
- the antibody in the present invention may be any animal-derived antibody such as a mouse antibody, a human antibody, a rat antibody, a rabbit antibody, a goat antibody, or a camel antibody.
- a modified antibody having a substituted amino acid sequence such as a chimeric antibody, particularly a humanized antibody may be used.
- any antibody such as a modified antibody, an antibody fragment, or a low molecular weight antibody to which various molecules are bound may be used.
- a “chimeric antibody” is an antibody produced by combining sequences derived from different animals.
- an antibody comprising a heavy chain and light chain variable (V) region of a mouse antibody and a human antibody heavy chain and light chain constant (C) region can be exemplified.
- the production of a chimeric antibody is known.
- a chimeric antibody is obtained by ligating DNA encoding an antibody V region with DNA encoding a human antibody constant region, incorporating it into an expression vector, introducing it into a host, and producing it. be able to.
- Humanized antibody refers to an antibody derived from a mammal other than a human, also referred to as a reshaped human antibody, such as a complementarity determination region (CDR) of a mouse antibody to the CDR of a human antibody. It is transplanted.
- CDR complementarity determination region
- Methods for identifying CDRs are known (Kabat et al., Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest (1987), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md .; Chothia et al., Nature (1989) 342: 877) .
- general gene recombination techniques are also known (see European Patent Application Publication Nos. EP 23 125023 and WO 96/02576).
- the CDR of a mouse antibody is determined by a known method, and a DNA encoding an antibody in which the CDR is linked to a framework region (FR) of a human antibody is obtained.
- FR framework region
- Such DNA can be synthesized by PCR using several oligonucleotides prepared as primers with overlapping portions in both CDR and FR terminal regions (described in WO98 / 13388). (See how).
- the FR of the human antibody linked via CDR is selected such that the CDR forms a good antigen binding site.
- the FR amino acid in the variable region of the antibody may be modified so that the CDR of the reshaped human antibody forms an appropriate antigen-binding site (Sato et al., Cancer Res. (1993) 53: 851-6).
- the amino acid residues in FR that can be modified include those that bind directly to the antigen by non-covalent bonds (Amit et al., Science (1986) 233: 747-53), and those that affect or act on the CDR structure (Chothia et al., J. Mol. Biol. 1987 (1987) 196: 901-17) and parts related to the VH-VL interaction (EP239400 patent publication).
- the heavy chain constant region of the antibody of the present invention is preferably a human heavy chain constant region.
- IgA1, IgA2, IgD, IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgM type constant regions exist in the heavy chain constant region of the antibody.
- the heavy chain constant region of the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited, but an IgG1 type constant region is preferable, and a human IgG1 constant region is particularly preferable.
- the light chain constant region of the antibody of the present invention is preferably a human light chain constant region.
- the antibody light chain constant region includes, for example, IgK (Kappa), IgL1, IgL2, IgL3, IgL6, IgL7L (Lambda) type constant regions.
- the light chain constant region of the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a human IgK (Kappa) constant region is preferred.
- the amino acid sequence of the human IgK (Kappa) constant region is known (SEQ ID NO: 72).
- the antibody constant region may be modified as necessary.
- the modification for improving the function of the antibody include a modification that enhances or attenuates the binding between the antibody and the Fc ⁇ receptor (Fc ⁇ R), a modification that enhances or attenuates the binding between the antibody and FcRn, and an antibody cell.
- Modifications that enhance or attenuate the damaging activity for example, ADCC activity, CDC activity, etc.
- Modifications that improve antibody heterogeneity, modifications that improve immunogenicity and / or pharmacokinetics may also be included.
- Chimeric antibodies and humanized antibodies using human-derived sequences are considered useful when administered to humans for therapeutic purposes, because their antigenicity in the human body is reduced.
- the low molecular weight antibody is useful as an antibody from the viewpoint of the pharmacokinetic properties and from the viewpoint that it can be produced at low cost using Escherichia coli, plant cells and the like.
- Antibody fragment is a kind of low molecular weight antibody.
- Low molecular weight antibodies also include antibodies having antibody fragments as part of their structure.
- the low molecular weight antibody in the present invention is not particularly limited in its structure and production method as long as it has an ability to bind to an antigen.
- there are also antibodies having higher activity than full-length antibodies (Orita et al., Blood (2005) 105: 562-566).
- the “antibody fragment” is not particularly limited as long as it is a part of a full-length antibody (whole antigen, such as whole IgG), but includes a heavy chain variable region (VH) or a light chain variable region (VL).
- VH heavy chain variable region
- VL light chain variable region
- CH1 or CL is further contained.
- Examples of preferred antibody fragments include Fab, F (ab ′) 2, Fab ′ and the like.
- the amino acid sequences of VH, VL, CH1 and CL in the antibody fragment may be modified by substitution, deletion, addition and / or insertion. Furthermore, as long as it retains the ability to bind to an antigen, a part of CH1, CL, VH and VL may be deleted, and in order to enhance pharmacokinetics (PK) and drug efficacy, scFv, Fab, domain antibody (domain antibody: dAb), antibody fragments such as VHH, HAS binding scaffold, PEG, albumin, cytokine, toxin, etc. (Biodrugs 2009; 23 (2): 93-109, Methods Mol Med. 2005; 109: 347 -74., AAPS J. 2006 Aug 18; 8 (3): E532-51. Etc.) may be added.
- Antibody fragments can be obtained by treating an antibody with an enzyme, for example, a protease such as papain or pepsin (Morimoto et al., J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods (1992) 24: 107-17; Brennan et al., Science (1985) 229: 81). It can also be produced by gene recombination based on the amino acid sequence of the antibody fragment.
- an enzyme for example, a protease such as papain or pepsin (Morimoto et al., J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods (1992) 24: 107-17; Brennan et al., Science (1985) 229: 81). It can also be produced by gene recombination based on the amino acid sequence of the antibody fragment.
- a low molecular weight antibody having a structure obtained by modifying an antibody fragment can be constructed using an antibody fragment obtained by enzyme treatment or gene recombination.
- a gene encoding the whole low molecular weight antibody can be constructed, introduced into an expression vector, and then expressed in an appropriate host cell (for example, Co et al., J. Immunol. (1994) 152). : 2968-76; Better and Horwitz, Methods Enzymol. (1989) 178: 476-96; Pluckthun and Skerra, Methods Enzymol. (1989) 178: 497-515; Lamoyi, Methods Enzymol. (1986) 121: 652-63 Rousseaux et al., Methods Enzymol. (1986) 121: 663-9; Bird and Walker, Trends Biotechnol. (1991) 9: 132-7).
- Preferred antibodies of the present invention include, for example, heteromultimers having two or more types of CH1 and two or more types of CL.
- the heteromultimer is preferably one that recognizes two or more kinds of epitopes, and examples thereof include multispecific antibodies.
- Preferred examples of the multispecific antibody of the present invention include bispecific antibodies. That is, as a preferred embodiment of the antibody of the present invention, for example, two kinds of heavy chains (first heavy chain and second heavy chain) and two kinds of light chains (first light chain and second light chain) are used. A bispecific antibody composed of).
- the “bispecific antibody” of the preferred embodiment of the antibody of the present invention will be described in further detail.
- the “first heavy chain” is one of two heavy chains (H chains) forming the antibody. It is an H chain, and the second H chain is the other H chain different from the first H chain. That is, any one of the two H chains can be a first H chain and the other can be a second H chain.
- the “first light chain” is one L chain of two light chains (L chains) forming a bispecific antibody, and the second L chain is the first L chain and Indicates another different L chain, and one of the two L chains can arbitrarily be the first L chain and the other can be the second L chain.
- the first L chain and the first H chain are from the same antibody that recognizes an antigen (or epitope), and the second L chain and the second H chain also recognize an antigen (or epitope) Derived from the same antibody.
- the L chain-H chain pair formed by the first H chain and the L chain is the first pair
- the L chain-H chain pair formed by the second H chain and the L chain is the second pair.
- the antigen (or epitope) used in preparing the antibody from which the second pair is derived is different from that used in preparing the antibody from which the first pair is derived.
- the antigens recognized by the first pair and the second pair may be the same, but it is preferable to recognize different antigens (or epitopes).
- the H chain and the L chain of the first pair and the second pair have different amino acid sequences.
- the first pair and the second pair recognize different epitopes
- the first pair and the second pair may recognize completely different antigens, or different sites (different epitopes) on the same antigen. You may recognize it.
- One may recognize an antigen such as a protein, peptide, gene or sugar, and the other may recognize a radioactive substance, a chemotherapeutic agent, a cytotoxic substance such as a cell-derived toxin, or the like.
- the specific H chain and L chain are arbitrarily designated as a first pair and a second pair. Can be determined.
- a known sequence can be used for the gene encoding the H chain or L chain of the antibody before mutation introduction in the present invention (in the present specification, it may be simply described as “the antibody of the present invention”), It can also be obtained by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, it can be obtained from an antibody library, or can be obtained by cloning a gene encoding an antibody from a hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody.
- antibody libraries are already known as antibody libraries, and methods for producing antibody libraries are also known, those skilled in the art can appropriately obtain antibody libraries.
- antibody phage libraries Clackson et al., Nature 1991, 352: 624-8, Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 1991, 222: 581-97, Waterhouses et al., Nucleic Acids Res 1993, 21: 2265-6, Griffiths et al., EMBO J. 1994, 13: V3245-60, Vaughan et al., Nature Biotechnology 1996, 14: 309-14, and JP 10-504970 Can be referred to.
- variable region of a human antibody is expressed as a single chain antibody (scFv) on the surface of the phage by the phage display method, and a phage that binds to the antigen can be selected.
- scFv single chain antibody
- a suitable expression vector can be prepared based on the sequence to obtain a human antibody.
- WO92 / 01047, WO92 / 20791, WO93 / 06213, WO93 / 11236, WO93 / 19172, WO95 / 01438, and WO95 / 15388 can be referred to.
- a method for obtaining a gene encoding an antibody from a hybridoma basically uses a known technique, and uses a desired antigen or a cell that expresses a desired antigen as a sensitizing antigen. Therefore, the immune cells obtained are immunized, and the obtained immune cells are fused with known parental cells by a normal cell fusion method, and monoclonal antibody-producing cells (hybridomas) are screened by a normal screening method, and reverse transcription is performed from the obtained hybridoma mRNA. It can be obtained by synthesizing a variable region (V region) cDNA of an antibody using an enzyme and ligating it with a DNA encoding a desired antibody constant region.
- V region variable region
- Sensitizing antigens for obtaining antibody genes encoding the above H chain and L chain are not particularly limited to the following examples, but include complete antigens having immunogenicity, haptens that do not exhibit immunogenicity, and the like. Both incomplete antigens are included.
- the antigen of the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the antigen can be prepared according to a method known to those skilled in the art, such as a method using baculovirus (for example, WO98 / 46777).
- Hybridoma can be prepared according to, for example, the method of Milstein et al. (G. Kohler and C. Milstein, Methods Enzymol. 1981, 73: 3-46).
- immunization may be performed by binding to an immunogenic macromolecule such as albumin.
- it can also be made a soluble antigen by combining an antigen with another molecule as required.
- a transmembrane molecule such as a receptor
- the extracellular region of the receptor can be used as a fragment, or a cell expressing the transmembrane molecule on the cell surface can be used as an immunogen.
- Antibody-producing cells can be obtained by immunizing animals with the appropriate sensitizing antigen described above. Alternatively, antibody-producing cells can be obtained by immunizing lymphocytes capable of producing antibodies in vitro.
- Various mammals can be used as the animal to be immunized, but rodents, rabbits, and primates are generally used. Specific examples include rodents such as mice, rats and hamsters, rabbits such as rabbits, and primates such as monkeys such as cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys, baboons and chimpanzees.
- Transgenic animals having a repertoire of human antibody genes are also known, and human antibodies can be obtained by using such animals (WO96 / 34096; Mendez et al., Nat. Genet. 1997, 15: 146-56).
- human lymphocytes are sensitized in vitro with the desired antigen or cells expressing the desired antigen, and the sensitized lymphocytes are combined with human myeloma cells such as U266.
- a desired human antibody having an antigen-binding activity can also be obtained (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-59878).
- a desired human antibody can be obtained by immunizing a transgenic animal having all repertoires of human antibody genes with a desired antigen (WO93 / 12227, WO92 / 03918, WO94 / 02602, WO96 / 34096, (See WO96 / 33735).
- the sensitizing antigen is appropriately diluted and suspended in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) or physiological saline, etc., mixed with an adjuvant as necessary, and emulsified, and then intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. This is done by injection. Thereafter, the sensitizing antigen mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant is preferably administered several times every 4 to 21 days. Confirmation of antibody production can be performed by measuring the desired antibody titer in the serum of animals by a conventional method.
- PBS Phosphate-Buffered Saline
- physiological saline physiological saline
- a hybridoma can be prepared by fusing an antibody-producing cell obtained from an animal or lymphocyte immunized with a desired antigen with a myeloma cell using a conventional fusion agent (eg, polyethylene glycol) (Goding , Monoclonal Antibodies: diesPrinciples and Practice, Academic Press, 1986, 59-103). Then, if necessary, the hybridoma cells are cultured and expanded, and the binding specificity and affinity of the antibody produced by the hybridoma by known analytical methods such as immunoprecipitation, radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), etc. Measure sex or activity. Thereafter, if necessary, the hybridoma producing the antibody whose binding specificity, affinity or activity is measured can be subcloned by a technique such as limiting dilution.
- a conventional fusion agent eg, polyethylene glycol
- a probe encoding a gene encoding the antibody of interest from a hybridoma or antibody-producing cells for example, an oligo complementary to a sequence encoding an antibody constant region.
- a probe for example, an oligo complementary to a sequence encoding an antibody constant region.
- nucleotides for example, nucleotides.
- Immunoglobulins are classified into five different classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. Furthermore, these classes are divided into several subclasses (isotypes) (eg, IgG-1, IgG-2, IgG-3, and IgG-4; IgA-1 and IgA-2, etc.).
- the H chain and L chain used for antibody production may be derived from antibodies belonging to any of these classes and subclasses, and are not particularly limited, but IgG is particularly preferred.
- a chimeric antibody is an antibody comprising a human antibody H chain, L chain variable region and a human antibody H chain, L chain constant region, and a DNA encoding the variable region of a mouse antibody. Can be obtained by linking to a DNA encoding the constant region of a human antibody, incorporating it into an expression vector, introducing it into a host, and producing it.
- Humanized antibodies are also referred to as reshaped human antibodies. This humanized antibody has a DNA sequence designed to link the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of non-human mammals (eg, mice) antibodies, and has a portion that overlaps the terminal portion.
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- antibody variants with improved biological properties are 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more (eg, 95% or more) relative to the amino acid sequence of the variable region of the original antibody. 97%, 98%, 99%, etc.) amino acid sequence homology and / or similarity.
- sequence homology and / or similarity is defined as the difference between the original antibody residue after aligning the sequence and introducing a gap as necessary so that the sequence homology takes the maximum value.
- amino acid residues are based on the nature of their side chains.
- Hydrophobicity alanine, isoleucine, norleucine, valine, methionine and leucine; (2) Neutral hydrophilicity: asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, threonine and serine; (3) Acidity: aspartic acid and glutamic acid; (4) Basic: arginine, histidine and lysine; (5) residues that affect chain orientation: glycine and proline; and (6) Aromaticity: Classified into tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine groups.
- variable regions of the H chain and L chain interact to form the antigen binding site of the antibody.
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- the antibody gene encoding the H chain and L chain of the present invention is only required to maintain the binding property of the polypeptide encoded by the gene with the desired antigen. What is necessary is just to encode the fragment part containing a binding site.
- IgG type bispecific antibody having two types of heavy chain constant regions CH1 (CH1-A and CH1-B) and two types of light chain constant regions (CL-A and CL-B), although described in detail, the present invention can be similarly applied to other antibodies.
- Bispecific antibody that recognizes one epitope by the first CH1-A and the first CL-A, and recognizes the other epitope by the second CH1-B and the second CL-B
- 10 types of antibody molecules may be produced.
- the amino acid residue that forms the interface between CH1-A and CL-B is changed to a positively charged amino acid residue, and the amino acid residue that forms the interface between CH1-B and CL-A is negative.
- An example of modification to an amino acid residue having a charge can be given.
- unintended association between CH1-A and CL-B is inhibited because both amino acid residues forming the interface are positively charged, and association between CH1-B and CL-A also forms an interface.
- Both of the amino acid residues to be blocked are blocked because they are negatively charged, and the undesired association between CH1-A and CL-B and the association between CH1-B and CL-A are the same as the amino acid residues forming the interface.
- the amino acid residue that forms the interface between CL-A and CH1-B is an amino acid that is not charged with each other or a nonpolar amino acid
- the amino acid residue that forms the interface between CH1-A and CL-B An example can be given in which is modified to an amino acid residue having a positive charge. By this modification, unintended association between CH1-A and CL-B is inhibited because both amino acid residues forming the interface are positively charged.
- the association between the target CH1-A and CL-A and the target CH1-B and CL-B are amino acids in which the amino acid residues forming the interface do not repel each other electrically. Therefore, the association is more likely to occur than in the case of an amino acid that repels charges.
- amino acid residues that form the interface between CL-B and CH1-B are amino acids that are not charged with each other or nonpolar amino acids
- amino acid residues that form the interface between CH1-A and CL-A An example can be given in which one is modified to an amino acid residue having one positive charge and the other negative charge. This modification facilitates the association between the target CH1-A and CL-A because the amino acid residues forming the interface are promoted by a combination of positive and negative charges, while the target CH1-B and CL-A Association with B is not inhibited because the amino acid residues forming the interface are amino acids that do not repel each other.
- the amino acid residues forming the interface between CL-B and CH1-B are not mutually charged amino acids or nonpolar amino acids, they are amino acids or nonpolar amino acids that are not charged with each other. It may be modified as follows.
- amino acid residue forming the interface between CL-B and CH1-B is an uncharged amino acid or nonpolar amino acid in CH1-B, it forms an interface between CH1-A and CL-A.
- the amino acid residue to be modified was changed to an amino acid residue having one positive charge and the other negative charge, and an amino acid residue forming an interface between CL-B and CH1-B in CL-B was added to CH1-A
- An example of adding a modification having the same charge as the modification can be given.
- This modification facilitates the association between the target CH1-A and CL-A because the amino acid residues forming the interface are promoted by a combination of positive and negative charges, while the target CH1-B and CL-A Association with B is not inhibited because the amino acid residues forming the interface are amino acids that do not repel each other.
- the amino acid residues forming the interface are amino acids that do not repel each other.
- it is possible to efficiently obtain an antibody in which the target CH1-A and CL-A and the target CH1-B and CL-B are associated.
- an uncharged amino acid or nonpolar may be modified to be an amino acid.
- association between CH1 (CH1-A and CH1-B) or CL (CL-A and CL-B) can be suppressed.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately know the type of amino acid residue that approaches the desired polypeptide whose association is to be controlled according to the present invention at the interface between CH1 and CL at the time of association.
- -CH1 EU numbering at position 147 for example, position 147 in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 lysine (K) and relative (contacting) CL EU numbering at position 180 threonine (T) -CH1 EU numbering lysine at position 147 (K) and relative (contacting) CL EU numbering serine at position 131 (S) -CH1 EU numbering 175th glutamine (Q) and relative (contact) CL EU numbering 160th glutamine (Q) -CH1 EU numbering at position 213 lysine (K) and relative (contacting) CL EU numbering at position 123 glutamic acid (E)
- EU numbering X-position amino acid residue and “EU numbering X-position amino acid” (X is an arbitrary number) are “EU numbering X-position amino acid residue”, “EU numbering X-position”. It can also be read as “amino acid corresponding to position”. As shown in Examples described later, by modifying these amino acid residues and carrying out the method of the present invention, a desired antibody can be obtained preferentially.
- the present invention relates to an antibody in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, wherein the antibody comprises a group of amino acid residues shown in the following (a) to (c) in the heavy chain and the light chain: Providing an antibody wherein one or more selected amino acid residues are amino acid residues that repel each other chargeably; (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain constant region (CH1) and located at position 147 of the EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain constant region (CL) and located at position 180 of the EU numbering Amino acid residues, (B) an amino acid residue contained in CH1, which is the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, which is an amino acid residue at position 131 in EU numbering; (C) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 and located at position 175 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and located at position 160 in EU numbering.
- CH1 heavy chain constant region
- CL light chain constant region
- an antibody in which the amino acid residues in the set of amino acid residues shown in the following (d) are amino acid residues that repel each other in a chargeable manner; (D) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 213, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and the EU numbering position 123.
- amino acid residues repulsive to each other are, for example, amino acid residues included in any of the following groups (X) or (Y): Is preferably selected from: (X) glutamic acid (E) or aspartic acid (D), (Y) Lysine (K), arginine (R) or histidine (H).
- amino acid residues that repel each other in the above antibody include the following amino acid residues; -The amino acid residue contained in CH1 and the amino acid residue at EU position number 175 is lysine (K), and the amino acid residue contained in CL is the amino acid residue at positions 180, 131 and 160 in EU numbering Both are glutamic acid (E) -Amino acid residues contained in CH1 and amino acid residues at EU positions 147 and 175 are glutamic acid (E), and amino acid residues contained in CL are amino acids at EU positions 180, 131 and 160 Any residue is lysine (K) As the amino acid residue that does not repel charge in the above antibody, the amino acid residue contained in CH1 and the EU numbering position 213 is glutamic acid (E), and the amino acid residue contained in CL is an amino acid residue contained in CL.
- lysine (K) can be mentioned as the amino acid residue at position 123 of the EU numbering.
- the production method for the above-mentioned antibody and the amino acid residues of the set of amino acid residues shown in the above (a) to (d) are modified so as to be amino acid residues repelling each other in a chargeable manner.
- the association control method is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to an antibody in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, comprising the set of amino acid residues shown in the following (a) to (c) in a heavy chain and a light chain that are associated in the antibody Providing an antibody wherein one or more sets of amino acid residues selected from the group are amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other; (A) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 147, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, the EU numbering position 180; (B) an amino acid residue contained in CH1, which is the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, which is an amino acid residue at position 131 in EU numbering; (C) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 and located at position 175 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and located at position 160 in EU numbering.
- an antibody in which the amino acid residues of the set of amino acid residues shown in the following (d) are amino acid residues that do not repel each other in a chargeable manner; (D) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 213, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and the EU numbering position 123.
- amino acid residues that do not repel each other are, for example, amino acid residues selected from each of the two groups selected from the group consisting of (X) to (Z) below:
- the two sets are preferably selected from (X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or (Z) and (Z) combinations;
- (X) and (Y) are selected from the group consisting of (X) to (Z), glutamic acid is selected from (X), lysine (K) is selected from (Y), and amino acids contained in CH1
- glutamic acid is selected from (X)
- lysine is selected from (Y)
- amino acids contained in CH1 When the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering is changed to glutamic acid (E) and the amino acid residue at position 180 of EU numbering EU is changed to lysine (K) Can be mentioned.
- the amino acid residue at position 147 of the EU numbering in CH1 is glutamic acid (E) before modification, there is no need to modify it.
- amino acid residues that do not repel each other include the following amino acid residues; -The amino acid residue contained in CH1 and the amino acid residue at EU position number 175 is lysine (K), and the amino acid residue contained in CL is the amino acid residue at positions 180, 131 and 160 in EU numbering Both are glutamic acid (E) -Amino acid residues contained in CH1 and amino acid residues at EU positions 147 and 175 are glutamic acid (E), and amino acid residues contained in CL are amino acids at EU positions 180, 131 and 160 Any residue is lysine (K) As the amino acid residue that does not repel charge in the above antibody, the amino acid residue contained in CH1 and the EU numbering position 213 is glutamic acid (E), and the amino acid residue contained in CL is an amino acid residue contained in CL. Thus, lysine (K) can be mentioned as the amino acid residue at position 123 of the EU numbering.
- the production method for the above-mentioned antibody and the amino acid residues of the set of amino acid residues shown in (a) to (d) above are modified so as to be amino acid residues that do not repel each other.
- the association control method is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the antibody of the present invention introduces a charge repulsion into the interface of the second constant region (CH2) of the heavy chain or the third constant region (CH3) of the heavy chain, thereby causing undesired association of heavy chains.
- CH2 second constant region
- CH3 third constant region
- Technology that suppresses association of undesired heavy chain and light chain by introducing charge repulsion at the interface between the heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region, and between heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region It is possible to further apply a technique for suppressing the undesired association of heavy and light chains by changing the amino acid residue forming the hydrophobic core at the interface to a charged polar amino acid (see WO2006 / 106905) .
- amino acid residues that contact at the interface of other constant regions of the heavy chain include, for example, 377 in the CH3 region. Examples include regions corresponding to positions (356) and 470 (439), 378 (357) and 393 (370), 427 (399) and 440 (409).
- numbering of antibody constant regions reference was made to Kabat et al. (Kabat EA et al. 1991. Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest. ⁇ NIH), and for numbering of heavy chain constant regions, EU numbering is shown in parentheses.
- the antibody of the present invention is a technique for modifying the amino acid residue at the 435th EU numbering, which is a site related to the binding between IgG and ProteinA, to an amino acid having a different binding ability to ProteinA such as Arg. It may be used.
- this technology it is possible to efficiently purify only the heterodimerized antibody by changing the interaction between the H chain and Protein A and using the Protein A column.
- this technique can also be used independently without combining with the said technique.
- a group or group of 3 amino acid residues can be antibodies that charge repel each other; (1) Amino acid residues contained in the heavy chain CH3 region, EU amino acid residues at positions 356 and 439, (2) amino acid residues contained in the heavy chain CH3 region, EU numbering amino acid residues at positions 357 and 370; (3) Amino acid residues contained in the heavy chain CH3 region and having EU numbering at positions 399 and 409.
- a set of amino acid residues selected from the set of amino acid residues shown in (1) to (3) in a second heavy chain CH3 region different from the first heavy chain CH3 region In the first heavy chain CH3 region, one to three amino acid residues corresponding to the amino acid residue groups shown in the above (1) to (3) repelling each other in charge are the first heavy chain CH3. Antibodies that do not repel charge with the corresponding amino acid residues in the region can be used.
- amino acid residues described in (1) to (3) above are close to each other when they are associated.
- a person skilled in the art finds the site corresponding to the amino acid residue described in (1) to (3) above by using homology modeling using commercially available software for the desired heavy chain CH3 region or heavy chain constant region. As appropriate, the amino acid residue at the site can be subjected to modification.
- charge repulsion or “having the same kind of charge” means, for example, that any two or more amino acid residues are a group of any one of the above (X) or (Y) It means having an amino acid residue contained in
- non-repulsive charge means, for example, that an amino acid residue is selected from each of two groups selected from the group consisting of (X) or (Y) above or (Z) below: And the two pairs are selected from the combination of (X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or (Z) and (Z) It means having an amino acid residue.
- the first heavy chain CH3 region and the second heavy chain CH3 region may be cross-linked by a disulfide bond.
- amino acid residues to be subjected to “modification” are not limited to the amino acid residues in the above-described antibody variable region or antibody constant region.
- a person skilled in the art can find amino acid residues that form an interface for polypeptide variants or heterologous multimers by homology modeling using commercially available software, etc.
- Amino acid residues can be subjected to modification.
- Homology modeling is a technique for predicting the three-dimensional structure of proteins using commercially available software. When constructing the structure of a protein with an unknown three-dimensional structure, first, a protein having a three-dimensional structure with high homology is searched for. Next, the structure of a protein with an unknown structure is constructed using the three-dimensional structure as a template (template) ⁇ , and the structure is optimized by a molecular dynamics method or the like to predict the three-dimensional structure of the unknown protein.
- template template
- heavy chain variable region (VH) and light chain variable region (VL As an amino acid residue that contacts at the interface of), for example, glutamine (Q) at position 39 (FR2 region) of kabat on the heavy chain variable region and position 38 of Kabat numbering on the light chain variable region that is relative (contacted) Mention may be made of glutamine (Q) in the (FR2 region).
- a leucine (L) at position 45 (FR2) of Kabat numbering on the heavy chain variable region and a proline (P) at position 44 (FR2) of Kabat numbering on the opposite light chain variable region can be preferably exemplified.
- the numbering of these sites is based on Kabat et al. (Kabat EA et al. 1991.Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest. NIH).
- amino acid residues are known to be highly conserved in humans and mice (J. Mol. Recognit. 2003; 16: 113-120).
- association the association of the variable region of the antibody can be controlled by modifying the amino acid residue corresponding to the amino acid residue.
- an antibody in which two or more amino acid residues forming the interface between the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are amino acid residues that repel each other in a chargeable manner More specifically, an antibody that is one or two amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of amino acid residue groups shown in the following (a) or (b) can be mentioned; (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region, (1) an amino acid residue at position 39 of Kabat, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain, (2) at position 38 of Kabat numbering Amino acid residues, (B) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region, (3) an amino acid residue at position 45 of Kabat, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region, (4) Kabat numbering 44 Amino acid residue at position.
- amino acid residues described in (a) or (b) above are close to each other when they are associated.
- a person skilled in the art finds a site corresponding to the amino acid residue described in (a) or (b) above by using, for example, homology modeling using commercially available software for the desired heavy chain variable region or light chain variable region.
- the amino acid residue at the site can be subjected to modification.
- amino acid residues repelling each other in a charge is selected from, for example, amino acid residues included in any of the following sets (X) or (Y); (X) glutamic acid (E) or aspartic acid (D), (Y) Lysine (K), arginine (R) or histidine (H).
- Another embodiment of the antibody of the present invention is an antibody in which two or more amino acid residues forming the interface between the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are amino acid residues that do not repel each other electrically. Can do.
- Specific examples of such antibodies include antibodies that are one or two amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of the amino acid residue groups shown in (a) or (b) above. it can.
- amino acid residues described in (a) or (b) above are close to each other when they are associated.
- a person skilled in the art finds a site corresponding to the amino acid residue described in (a) or (b) above by using, for example, homology modeling using commercially available software for the desired heavy chain variable region or light chain variable region.
- the amino acid residue at the site can be subjected to modification.
- amino acid residues that do not repel each other are, for example, amino acid residues selected from each of two groups selected from the group consisting of (X) to (Z) above. It means that the two sets are selected from (X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or (Z) and (Z).
- amino acid residues described in (a) or (b) above are usually (1) glutamine (Q), (2) Glutamine (Q), (3) Leucine (L), (4) Proline (P) It is. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, these amino acid residues are subjected to modification (for example, substitution with a charged amino acid).
- the type of amino acid residue (a) or (b) is not necessarily limited to the above amino acid residue, and may be another amino acid corresponding to the amino acid.
- the amino acid at position 38 of the Kabat numbering on the light chain variable region may be, for example, histidine (H) in the case of humans.
- amino acid residues that can form a hydrophobic core at the interface between the heavy chain variable region (VH) and the light chain variable region (VL) include leucine (L2) at Kabat numbering position 45 (FR2) on the heavy chain variable region. And proline (P) at Kabat numbering position 44 (FR2) on the opposite light chain variable region. The numbering of these sites is based on Kabat et al. (Kabat EA et al. 1991.Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest. NIH).
- hydrophobic core refers to a part formed by aggregation of side chains of hydrophobic amino acids inside an associated polypeptide.
- Hydrophobic amino acids include, for example, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, valine and the like.
- the formation of the hydrophobic core may involve amino acid residues other than hydrophobic amino acids (for example, tyrosine).
- This hydrophobic core serves as a driving force for advancing the association of water-soluble polypeptides together with the hydrophilic surface where the side chains of hydrophilic amino acids are exposed to the outside.
- hydrophobic amino acids of two different domains When hydrophobic amino acids of two different domains are present on the surface of the molecule and exposed to water molecules, entropy increases and free energy increases. Thus, the two domains associate with each other to reduce and stabilize the free energy, and the hydrophobic amino acids at the interface are buried inside the molecule, forming a hydrophobic core.
- the antibody of the present invention is an antibody characterized in that, for example, an amino acid residue capable of forming a hydrophobic core at an interface is altered to an amino acid residue having a charge. More specifically, an antibody in which one of the following (1) and (2) is an amino acid residue having a charge can be mentioned.
- the side chains of amino acid residues shown in the following (1) and (2) are close to each other and can form a hydrophobic core.
- Preferred examples of the charged amino acid residue in the above antibody include glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), lysine (K), arginine (R), and histidine (H). More preferred are glutamic acid (E) and lysine (K).
- amino acid residues described in (1) and (2) above are usually (1) leucine (L), (2) Proline (P) It is. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, these amino acid residues are subjected to modification (for example, substitution with a charged amino acid).
- modification for example, substitution with a charged amino acid.
- the kind of amino acid residue of said (1) and (2) is not necessarily limited to said amino acid residue, The other amino acid corresponding to this amino acid may be sufficient.
- first VH (VH1) and the first VL (VL1) and / or the second VH (VH2) and the second VL (VL2) may be promoted to facilitate the association of one H chain.
- the modification of Y349C, T366W is made to make the amino acid side chain in the CH3 region of one H chain a larger side chain (knob), and it is in the CH3 region of the other H chain
- An example of the modification of D356C, T336S, L368A, or Y407V can be given to make the amino acid side chain smaller.
- the desired antibody can be efficiently produced by complementary association of CH3 (Protein Engineering Design & Selection, 23; 195-202, 2010).
- bispecific antibodies for example, by adding different amino acid modifications to the variable regions of two types of H chains, a difference in isoelectric point is given, and ion exchange chromatography is performed using the difference in isoelectric point.
- the desired bispecific antibody can be prepared by purifying with (WO2007 / 114325).
- the modification of the present invention can also be used for the following antibodies.
- the first VH (VH1) and the first VL (VL1) and / or the second VH (VH2) and the second VL (VL2) are promoted so that VH1 is the first Structure that is connected to one Fc region via CH1, VL1 is connected to the first CL, VH2 is connected to the other Fc region via the second CL, and VL2 is connected to the second CH1 (WO09 / 80254).
- the antibody of the present invention a plurality of, for example, two or more of the above known techniques can be used in combination.
- the antibody of the present invention may be prepared based on a modification of the above-mentioned known technique.
- an active antibody or polypeptide can be efficiently produced.
- the activity include binding activity, neutralizing activity, cytotoxic activity, agonist activity, antagonist activity, enzyme activity and the like.
- Agonist activity is an activity that induces some change in physiological activity, for example, when a signal is transmitted into a cell by binding an antibody to an antigen such as a receptor.
- physiological activities include proliferation activity, survival activity, differentiation activity, transcription activity, membrane transport activity, binding activity, proteolytic activity, phosphorylation / dephosphorylation activity, redox activity, transfer activity, nucleolytic activity, Examples include, but are not limited to, dehydration activity, cell death-inducing activity, and apoptosis-inducing activity.
- the method of the present invention can efficiently produce an antibody or polypeptide that recognizes a desired antigen or binds to a desired receptor.
- the antigen of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be any antigen.
- antigens include, but are not limited to, receptors or fragments thereof, cancer antigens, MHC antigens, differentiation antigens, and the like.
- Examples of the receptor of the present invention include, for example, hematopoietic factor receptor family, cytokine receptor family, tyrosine kinase type receptor family, serine / threonine kinase type receptor family, TNF receptor family, G protein coupled type Examples include receptors belonging to the receptor family such as receptor family, GPI anchor type receptor family, tyrosine phosphatase type receptor family, adhesion factor family, hormone receptor family and the like. Numerous references exist regarding receptors belonging to these receptor families and their characteristics, for example, Cooke BA., King King RJB., Van van Der Molen KHJ. Ked. New Comprehensive K Biochemistry K Vol.
- Specific receptors belonging to the above receptor family include, for example, human or mouse erythropoietin (EPO) receptor, human or mouse granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor, human or mouse thrombopoietin (TPO).
- EPO erythropoietin
- G-CSF granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- Receptor human or mouse insulin receptor, human or mouse Flt-3 ligand receptor, human or mouse platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, human or mouse interferon (IFN) - ⁇ , ⁇ receptor, human or Mouse leptin receptor, human or mouse growth hormone (GH) receptor, human or mouse interleukin (IL) -10 receptor, human or mouse insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -I receptor, human or mouse leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor, human or mouse ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor, etc.
- GH growth hormone
- IL interleukin
- IGF insulin-like growth factor
- LIF human or mouse leukemia inhibitory factor
- CNTF ciliary neurotrophic factor
- hG-CSFR Fukunaga, R. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87 7022706 .
- mG-CSFR Fukunaga, R. et al. (1990) Cell 61, 341-350 .
- hTPOR Vigon, I. et al. (1992) 89, 5640-5644. RC. Et al. (1993) 12, 2645-2653 .
- hInsR Ullrich, A. et al. (1985) Nature 313, 756-761 .
- hFlt-3 Small, D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
- Cancer antigens are antigens that are expressed as cells become malignant and are also called tumor-specific antigens.
- abnormal sugar chains appearing on the cell surface and protein molecules when cells become cancerous are also cancer antigens and are also called cancer sugar chain antigens.
- cancer antigens include, for example, EpCAM expressed in multiple cancers including lung cancer (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. (1989) ⁇ ⁇ 86 (1), 27-31) (the polynucleotide sequence is RefSeq registration) No.
- NM_002354.2 (SEQ ID NO: 78) and the polypeptide sequence are described in RefSeq accession number NP_002345.2 (SEQ ID NO: 79), respectively), CA19-9, CA15-3, sialyl SSEA-1 ( SLX) and the like are preferable.
- MHC antigens are broadly divided into MHC class I antigens and MHC class II antigens.
- MHC class I antigens include HLA-A, -B, -C, -E, -F, -G, and -H.
- the MHC-class II antigen includes HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP.
- Differentiating antigens include CD1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD6, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD13, CD14, CD15s, CD16, CD18, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD23, CD25, CD28 , CD29, CD30, CD32, CD33, CD34, CD35, CD38, CD40, CD41a, CD41b, CD42a, CD42b, CD43, CD44, CD45, CD45RO, CD48, CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49d, CD49e, CD49f, CD51, CD54 , CD55, CD56, CD57, CD58, CD61, CD62E, CD62L, CD62P, CD64, CD69, CD71, CD73, CD95, CD102, CD106, CD122, CD126, CDw130 and the like.
- the antibody of the present invention may be a bispecific antibody, in which case the antigen (or epitope) recognized by the antibody is arbitrarily selected from the above receptor or fragment thereof, cancer antigen, MHC antigen, differentiation antigen, etc. Two can be selected. For example, two from the receptor or a fragment thereof, two from the cancer antigen, two from the MHC antigen, and two from the differentiation antigen may be selected. Alternatively, for example, one may be selected from each of two selected from a receptor or a fragment thereof, a cancer antigen, an MHC antigen, and a differentiation antigen.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing an antibody with controlled association of heavy and light chains.
- a preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing an antibody in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, (1)
- a nucleic acid encoding CH1 and CL is charged with one or more amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of amino acid residue groups shown in (a) to (c) below: Modifying the nucleic acid to be a repelling amino acid residue, (A) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 147, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, the EU numbering position 180; (B) an amino acid residue contained in CH1, which is the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, which is an amino acid residue at position 131 in EU numbering; (C) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at position 175 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and located at position 160 in EU numbering (2) (2) the modified nucleic acid
- an amino acid residue in which a pair of amino acid residues shown in the following (d) is repulsively charged with each other A method for producing an antibody, comprising a step of modifying a nucleic acid so that (D) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 213, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and the EU numbering position 123.
- the present invention provides the nucleic acid so that the amino acid residues repelling each other in a charge are selected from the amino acid residues included in any one of the groups (X) and (Y).
- the present invention relates to a production method including a step of modifying.
- the present invention provides the nucleic acid in the step (1) so that two or more amino acid residues forming the interface between the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are amino acid residues that repel each other.
- the present invention relates to a production method including a step of modifying.
- the amino acid residues that are repulsively charged with each other are, for example, any one amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of the amino acid residue groups shown in the following (a) or (b): ; (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 39 of Kabat numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 38 of Kabat numbering; (B) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 45 of Kabat numbering and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 44 of Kabat numbering.
- amino acid residues that are repulsively charged with each other are selected from the amino acid residues included in any of the above-described sets (X) or (Y).
- Another preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing an antibody in which association between a heavy chain and a light chain is controlled, (1) A nucleic acid encoding CH1 and CL is charged with one or more amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of the amino acid residue groups shown in (a) to (c) below: A step of modifying the nucleic acid so that the amino acid residue does not repel, (A) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 147, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, the EU numbering position 180; (B) an amino acid residue contained in CH1, which is the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, which is an amino acid residue at position 131 in EU numbering; (C) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at position 175 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and located at position 160 in EU numbering (2) (2) the modified nucleic acid Introducing into a host cell and culturing the host cell to express the nucleic acid
- step (1) of the production method an amino acid residue in which the amino acid residues of the set of amino acid residues shown in (d) below are not repelled from each other
- a method for producing an antibody comprising a step of modifying a nucleic acid so that (D) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 213, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and the EU numbering position 123.
- the present invention provides an amino acid residue selected from each of the two groups selected from the group consisting of the above (X) to (Z), wherein the amino acid residues that do not repel each other are charged.
- the present invention relates to a production method including a step of modifying.
- specific examples of amino acid residues that do not repel each other include the following amino acid residues.
- -Amino acid residue contained in CH1 and the amino acid residue at position 175 of EU number is lysine (K)
- the amino acid residue contained in CL is numbered at positions 180, 131 and 160 of EU number
- glutamic acid (E) -Amino acid residues contained in CH1 and amino acid residues at EU positions 147 and 175 are glutamic acid (E)
- amino acid residues contained in CL are amino acids at EU positions 180, 131 and 160 Any residue is lysine (K)
- the amino acid residue contained in CH1 and at the EU numbering position 213 is glutamic acid (E)
- the amino acid residue contained in CL and at the EU numbering position 123 is lysine (K ).
- the present invention provides the nucleic acid in the step (1) so that the two or more amino acid residues forming the interface between the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are amino acid residues that do not repel each other.
- the present invention relates to a production method including a step of modifying.
- the amino acid residues that do not repel each other are, for example, any one amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid residue groups (a) or (b): ; (A) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 39 of Kabat numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 38 of Kabat numbering; (B) an amino acid residue contained in the heavy chain variable region at position 45 of Kabat numbering and an amino acid residue contained in the light chain variable region at position 44 of Kabat numbering.
- amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other are amino acid residues selected from each of the two sets selected from the group consisting of (X) to (Z) described above, X) and (Y), (X) and (Z), (Y) and (Z), or a combination of (Z) and (Z) are preferably selected.
- the present invention also provides a method for controlling the association of antibody heavy and light chains.
- a preferred embodiment of the association control method of the present invention is an antibody heavy chain and light chain association control method, which is selected from the group consisting of the following sets of amino acid residues (a) to (c): Modifying the nucleic acid such that one or more sets of amino acid residues are amino acid residues that repel each other in a chargeable manner; (A) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 147, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, the EU numbering position 180; (B) an amino acid residue contained in CH1, which is the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, which is an amino acid residue at position 131 in EU numbering; (C) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 and located at position 175 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and located at position 160 in EU numbering.
- an antibody comprising: Provide meeting control methods; (D) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 213, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and the EU numbering position 123.
- association control method of the present invention is an antibody heavy chain and light chain association control method, which is selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid residue groups (a) to (c): A method comprising modifying a nucleic acid such that one or more sets of amino acid residues are amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other; (A) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 147, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, the EU numbering position 180; (B) an amino acid residue contained in CH1, which is the amino acid residue at position 147 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL, which is an amino acid residue at position 131 in EU numbering; (C) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 and located at position 175 of EU numbering, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and located at position 160 in EU numbering.
- a method comprising modifying a nucleic acid such that one or more sets of amino acid residues are amino acid residues that are not repulsive to each other; (A) an amino acid
- an antibody comprising, further comprising modifying a nucleic acid so that the amino acid residues of the set of amino acid residues shown in (d) below are amino acid residues that do not repel each other Provide meeting control methods; (D) an amino acid residue contained in CH1 at the EU numbering position 213, and an amino acid residue contained in CL and the EU numbering position 123.
- a desired bispecific antibody can be obtained preferentially and efficiently by the association control method of the present invention. That is, a bispecific antibody that is a desired heteromultimer can be efficiently formed from a monomer mixture.
- modifying a nucleic acid means modifying a nucleic acid so as to correspond to an amino acid residue introduced by “modification” in the present invention. More specifically, it means that a nucleic acid encoding an original (before modification) amino acid residue is modified to a nucleic acid encoding an amino acid residue introduced by the modification. Usually, it means that genetic manipulation or mutation treatment is performed such that at least one base is inserted, deleted or substituted into the original nucleic acid so as to be a codon encoding the target amino acid residue. That is, the codon encoding the original amino acid residue is replaced by the codon encoding the amino acid residue introduced by modification.
- nucleic acid modification can be appropriately performed by those skilled in the art using known techniques such as site-directed mutagenesis and PCR mutagenesis.
- the present invention also provides a nucleic acid encoding the antibody of the present invention. Furthermore, a vector carrying the nucleic acid is also included in the present invention.
- the nucleic acid in the present invention is usually carried (inserted) in an appropriate vector and introduced into a host cell.
- the vector is not particularly limited as long as it stably holds the inserted nucleic acid.
- the cloning vector is preferably a pBluescript vector (Stratagene), but is commercially available.
- Various vectors can be used.
- An expression vector is particularly useful when a vector is used for the purpose of producing the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the expression vector is not particularly limited as long as it is a vector that expresses a polypeptide in vitro, in E. coli, in cultured cells, or in an individual organism.
- pBEST vector manufactured by Promega
- E. coli PET vector manufactured by Invitrogen
- pME18S-FL3 vector GenBank Accession No. AB009864
- pME18S vector Mol Cell Biol. 8: 466-472 (1988)
- the DNA of the present invention can be inserted into a vector using, for example, In-Fusion Advantage PCR PCR Cloning Kit (Clontech).
- the present invention provides a host cell having the nucleic acid.
- the host cell is not particularly limited, and various host cells such as Escherichia coli and various animal cells are used depending on the purpose.
- the host cell can be used, for example, as a production system for production and expression of the antibody or polypeptide of the present invention.
- Production systems for polypeptide production include in vitro and in vivo production systems. Examples of in vitro production systems include production systems using eukaryotic cells and production systems using prokaryotic cells.
- Animal cells include mammalian cells such as CHO (J. Exp. Med. (1995) 108: 945), COS, 3T3, myeloma, BHK (baby hamster kidney), HeLa, C127, HEK293, Bowes melanoma cells, Vero Amphibian cells such as Xenopus oocytes (Valle et al., Nature (1981) 291: 338-340) and insect cells such as Drosophila S2, Sf9, Sf21, Tn5.
- mammalian cells such as CHO (J. Exp. Med. (1995) 108: 945), COS, 3T3, myeloma, BHK (baby hamster kidney), HeLa, C127, HEK293, Bowes melanoma cells, Vero Amphibian cells such as Xenopus oocytes (Valle
- CHO-DG44, CHO-DX11B, COS7 cells, and BHK cells are preferably used.
- animal cells CHO cells are particularly preferred for mass expression purposes.
- Introduction of a vector into a host cell can be carried out by, for example, calcium phosphate method, DEAE dextran method, method using cationic ribosome DOTAP (manufactured by Boehringer Mannheim), electroporation method (Current protocols in Molecular Biology edit. Ausubel et al. (1987) Publish. John Wiley & Sons, Section 9.1-9.9), lipofection, lipofectamine method (GIBCO-BRL), microinjection method, and the like.
- gene transfer to polypeptide expression can also be performed using the Free Style 293 Expression System (Invitrogen).
- a cell derived from Nicotiana tabacum is known as a protein production system, and the antibody of the present invention can be produced by a method of culturing this cell.
- Fungal cells include yeast, for example, cells of the genus Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pombe, etc.), and filamentous fungi, for example, cells of the genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus).
- a protein expression system using niger is known and can be used as a host for antibody production of the present invention.
- bacterial cells When using prokaryotic cells, there is a production system using bacterial cells.
- bacterial cells production systems using Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Streptomyces, Bacillus subtilis in addition to the above-mentioned Escherichia coli (E. coli) are known and can be used for the antibody production of the present invention.
- the host cell transformed with an expression vector containing a polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the present invention may be cultured to express the polynucleotide.
- the culture can be performed according to a known method. For example, when animal cells are used as hosts, for example, DMEM, MEM, RPMI1640, and IMDM can be used as a culture solution. At that time, the cells may be cultured by serum-free culture, even if serum supplements such as FBS and fetal calf serum (FCS) are used in combination.
- the pH during culture is preferably about 6-8.
- the culture is usually performed at about 30 to 40 ° C. for about 15 to 200 hours, and medium exchange, aeration, and agitation are added as necessary.
- examples of systems that produce polypeptides in vivo include production systems that use animals and production systems that use plants.
- a target polynucleotide is introduced into these animals or plants, and the polypeptide is produced in the body of the animals or plants and recovered.
- the “host” in the present invention includes these animals and plants.
- an appropriate secretion signal can be incorporated into the polypeptide of interest.
- These signals may be endogenous to the polypeptide of interest or may be heterologous signals.
- the polypeptide is collected when the polypeptide of the present invention is secreted into the medium.
- the polypeptide of the present invention is produced intracellularly, the cell is first lysed, and then the polypeptide is recovered.
- mammals there are production systems using mammals and insects.
- mammals goats, pigs, sheep, mice, cows and the like can be used (Vicki Glaser, SPECTRUM Biotechnology Applications (1993)).
- a transgenic animal can be used.
- a polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the present invention is prepared as a fusion gene with a gene encoding a polypeptide inherently produced in milk such as goat ⁇ casein.
- a polynucleotide fragment containing the fusion gene is injected into a goat embryo, and the embryo is transferred to a female goat.
- the antibody of interest can be obtained from the milk produced by the transgenic goat born from the goat that received the embryo or its offspring.
- hormones may be administered to the transgenic goats as appropriate (Ebert et al., Bio / Technology (1994) 12: 699-702).
- the target antibody can be obtained from a body fluid of the silkworm by infecting the silkworm with a baculovirus into which a polynucleotide encoding the target antibody is inserted (Susumu et al., Nature (1985) 315). : 592-4).
- a plant when a plant is used for producing the antibody of the present invention, for example, tobacco can be used.
- tobacco when tobacco is used, a polynucleotide encoding the target antibody is inserted into a plant expression vector such as pMON 530, and this vector is introduced into a bacterium such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
- This bacterium can be infected with tobacco, for example, Nicotiana tabacum, and the desired antibody can be obtained from the leaves of this tobacco (Ma et al., Eur. J. Immunol. (1994) 24: 131- 8).
- the antibody thus obtained can be isolated from inside or outside the host cell (medium, milk, etc.) and purified as a substantially pure and homogeneous antibody. Separation and purification of antibodies may be carried out using separation and purification methods used in usual polypeptide purification, and are not limited in any way. For example, ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, chromatography column, filter, ultrafiltration, salting out, solvent precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation, immunoprecipitation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, dialysis
- the antibody can be separated and purified by appropriately selecting and combining recrystallization and the like.
- chromatography examples include ion exchange chromatography such as affinity chromatography, anion exchange chromatography or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic (interaction) chromatography, gel filtration, reverse phase chromatography, adsorption chromatography.
- ion exchange chromatography such as affinity chromatography, anion exchange chromatography or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic (interaction) chromatography, gel filtration, reverse phase chromatography, adsorption chromatography.
- chromatography can be performed using liquid phase chromatography, for example, liquid phase chromatography such as HPLC and FPLC.
- Columns used for affinity chromatography include protein A columns and protein G columns. Examples of the column using protein A include Hyper D, POROS, Sepharose F F F (Pharmacia), and the like.
- an appropriate protein modifying enzyme can be allowed to act before or after purification of the antibody, and the peptide can be partly removed.
- protein modifying enzymes include trypsin, chymotrypsin, lysyl endopeptidase, protein kinase, glucosidase, and the like.
- a method for producing the antibody of the present invention which includes the steps of culturing the host cell of the present invention and recovering the antibody from the cell culture as described above, is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition (drug) comprising the antibody of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the pharmaceutical composition usually refers to a drug for treatment or prevention of disease, or examination / diagnosis.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be formulated by methods known to those skilled in the art. If necessary, the antibody of the present invention can be formulated in combination with other pharmaceutical ingredients. For example, it can be used parenterally in the form of a sterile solution with water or other pharmaceutically acceptable liquid, or an injection of suspension.
- a pharmacologically acceptable carrier or medium specifically, sterilized water, physiological saline, vegetable oil, emulsifier, suspension, surfactant, stabilizer, flavoring agent, excipient, vehicle, preservative It is conceivable to formulate by combining with a binder or the like as appropriate and mixing in a unit dosage form generally required for pharmaceutical practice. The amount of the active ingredient in these preparations is set so as to obtain an appropriate volume within the indicated range.
- Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to normal pharmaceutical practice using a vehicle such as distilled water for injection.
- a vehicle such as distilled water for injection.
- aqueous solution for injection include isotonic solutions containing physiological saline, glucose and other adjuvants (for example, D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol, sodium chloride).
- a suitable solubilizing agent such as alcohol (ethanol etc.), polyalcohol (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol etc.), nonionic surfactant (polysorbate 80 (TM), HCO-50 etc.
- alcohol ethanol etc.
- polyalcohol propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol etc.
- nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (TM), HCO-50 etc.
- oily liquid examples include sesame oil and soybean oil, and benzyl benzoate and / or benzyl alcohol may be used in combination as a solubilizing agent.
- blend with a buffering agent for example, phosphate buffer and sodium acetate buffer
- a soothing agent for example, procaine hydrochloride
- a stabilizer for example, benzyl alcohol and phenol
- antioxidant for example, benzyl alcohol and phenol
- composition of the present invention is preferably administered by parenteral administration.
- the composition can be an injection, nasal, pulmonary, or transdermal composition.
- it can be administered systemically or locally by intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, or the like.
- the administration method can be appropriately selected depending on the age and symptoms of the patient.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody or the polynucleotide encoding the antibody can be set, for example, in the range of 0.0001 mg to 1000 mg per kg of body weight per time. Alternatively, for example, the dose may be 0.001 to 100000 mg per patient, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to these values.
- the dose and administration method vary depending on the patient's weight, age, symptoms, etc., but those skilled in the art can set an appropriate dose and administration method in consideration of these conditions.
- amino acids contained in the amino acid sequences described in the present invention are modified after translation (for example, modification to pyroglutamic acid by pyroglutamylation of N-terminal glutamine is a modification well known to those skilled in the art). In some cases, even if the amino acid is post-translationally modified as such, it is naturally included in the amino acid sequence described in the present invention.
- Example 1 Search for the location controlling the CH1 / CL interface Mutation was introduced into each CH1 and CL domain of the bispecific antibody, and the CH1 / CL interface charge was used. By controlling this, only the H chain and L chain for antigen A were associated, and only the H chain and L chain for antigen B were associated specifically. Hereinafter, it is referred to as CH1 / CL interface control. Therefore, we searched for a location where CH1 / CL interface control is possible from the crystal structure model. Amino acids maintain interactions between side chains through hydrophobic interactions, charge interactions, hydrogen bonds, and the like.
- the amino acids found in Table 1 in the CH1 of the H chain or the CL of the L chain are positively charged Lys or His, the negatively charged Glu or Asp Replaced with Specifically, TH2, TH11 in which the amino acid of CH1 of human G1d (SEQ ID NO: 1) is substituted with Lys having a positive charge, TH1, TH3, TH4, TH9, TH10 substituted with Glu or Asp having a negative charge , Constant regions substituted with TH12 were prepared.
- the names (names), mutation locations (SEQ ID NOS) and sequence numbers of the prepared constant regions are summarized in Table 2 (Summary of modification locations).
- Example 2 Screening method for performing CH1 / CL interface control and production and analysis of each antibody The effect of CH1 / CL interface control of the found amino acids was confirmed using the following method. Screening was performed using Anti-GPC3 antibody. First, H chain and L chain expression vectors were constructed. An H chain expression vector having the variable region GpH7 (SEQ ID NO: 34) and the H chain constant region prepared in Example 1, and GpL16 (SEQ ID NO: 35) variable region as the L chain And L chain expression vectors having the L chain constant region prepared in Example 1 were constructed according to Reference Example 1, respectively. Next, a combination of the produced H chain and L chain expression vectors was selected as follows.
- one H chain in which the amino acid at the found position has a positive charge or a negative charge was selected.
- the mutation is not necessarily introduced.
- TH1 is replaced with Glu
- G1d is Lys
- an L chain having a mutation at a position corresponding to the CH1 mutation site of the selected H chain in Table 1 was selected from Table 2.
- the 147th amino acid of CH1 and the 180th amino acid of CL are expected to be involved at the CH1 / CL interface, so when TH1 was selected as the H chain, TL1 and TL2 were selected as the L chain. .
- H chain_1: H chain_2: L chain_1: L chain_2 TH1: TH1: TL1: TL1 (this is expressed as TH1 / TL1)
- H chain_1: H chain_2: L chain_1: L chain_2 TH1: TH1: TL1: TL2 (this is expressed as TH1 / TL1_TL2)
- H chain_1: H chain_2: L chain_1: L chain_2 TH1: TH1: TL2: TL2 (This is expressed as TH1 / TL2)
- TH1 / TL2 1: 2: 1 Is done.
- H chain preferentially binds only to one of the L chains at the CH1 / CL interface, only that combination is preferentially expressed.
- TH1 as the H chain and TL1 and TL2 as the L chain
- TL1 and TL2 as the L chain
- the 147th amino acid of CH1 and the 180th amino acid of CL are involved at the CH1 / CL interface
- the 147th of CH1 A combination of TH1 whose amino acid is Glu (negative charge) and TL2 whose 180th amino acid of CL of the L chain is Lys (positive charge) is expected to be preferentially expressed.
- Antibody expression was carried out according to the combinations shown in Table 3, and the effect of controlling the selected CH1 / CL interface was confirmed. At this time, one type of H chain antibody and one type of L chain antibody were also expressed at the same time, and used as controls for analysis. Antibody expression was performed according to the method of Reference Example 1.
- the prepared antibody was subjected to AIEX analysis according to the method of Reference Example 3.
- the data of AIEX analysis is summarized in Fig. 3.
- AIEX analysis uses an anion exchange column, so negatively charged antibodies are eluted more quickly.
- the analyzed data are summarized in Table 4. Peaks 1, 2, and 3 were set in order of peaks with the fastest elution time. The ratio of each peak was calculated with the total area of each peak as 100%. As shown in FIG. 2, when the mutation-introduced site is interacting with a charge, the ratio of the antibody at the position of peak filled in gray increases. That is, it is considered that the mutation site where the ratio of the antibody filled in gray is more than 25% is interacting with the charge.
- Example 3 Production and analysis of antibodies combining modified sites The sites of K147, Q175, and K213 in CH1, which were found to be effective in controlling CH1 / CL interface, found in Example 2, and CL The combination of E123, S131, Q160, and T180 was considered to perform CH1 / CL interface control more efficiently.
- Table 5 Summary of modifications summarizes the combinations of antibody modifications produced and the expressed antibodies.
- Example 4 Expression and analysis of bispecific antibody
- Example 3 the effect of CH1 / CL interface control was large.
- the H chain TH2, TH13, TH15, L chain TL16, TL17, TL19, TL20 We considered to produce a bispecific antibody, Bispecific Ab.
- a bispecific antibody was prepared using an Anti-IL6R antibody and an Anti-GPC3 antibody.
- H chain (SEQ ID NO: 59) and L chain (SEQ ID NO: 60) recognizing Anti-IL6R, H chain (SEQ ID NO: 61) and L chain (SEQ ID NO: 62) recognizing Anti-GPC3
- the H chain constant region was replaced with TH2, TH13, TH15, and the L chain CL was replaced with TL16, TL17, TL19, TL20.
- an H chain into which a modification of Knob into Hole (KiH) (WO 96/27011) was introduced was prepared.
- Table 7 Combinations of H-chain and L-chain of each bispecific antibody summarizes the mutation sites of these antibodies and the expressed antibodies.
- Table 8 summarizes the combinations of anti-IL6R antibody and anti-GPC3 antibody H chain and L chain used for the bispecific antibody.
- 4ch_011 is the anti-IL6R antibody H chain into which the KiH modification and the CH1 / CL interface control modification have been introduced, the anti-GPC3 antibody H chain, and the CH1 / CL interface control modification into the Anti-IL6R. It was expressed using the L chain of the antibody.
- 4ch_012 is an anti-GPC3 antibody with an anti-GPC3 antibody modified with an anti-IL6R antibody H chain, an anti-GPC3 antibody H chain with a KiH modification and a CH1 / CL interface control modification introduced. Expressed using the light chain. Each antibody was expressed according to Reference Example 1, CIEX analysis was performed according to Reference Example 4, and the results are summarized in FIGS. 9-1 and 9-2.
- Example 5 Effect of CH1 / CL interface control modification using different antibodies From Example 4, it is clear that interface control using CH1 / CL is useful for producing bispecific antibodies. became. Therefore, Anti-CD3 antibody M12 (H chain, SEQ ID NO: 54, L chain, SEQ ID NO: 57), Anti-GPC3 GC33 (2) (H chain, SEQ ID NO: 55, L chain, sequence) No. 58) was used to confirm the effect of CH1 / CL interface control. As in Example 4, bispecific antibodies were prepared using H chains TH2, TH13, TH15, and L chains TL16, TL17, and TL19, which were highly effective in controlling the CH1 / CL interface.
- CH1 of the H chain was replaced with TH2, TH13, TH15, and CL of the L chain was replaced with TL16, TL17, TL19.
- an H chain into which a modification of Knob into Hole (KiH) (Patent Document 1) was introduced was prepared.
- Table 9 Summary of modifications summarizes the mutation sites and expressed antibodies of these antibodies.
- variable region VH is a technique for specifically associating only the intended H chain and L chain.
- a technique for introducing charge repulsion into VL is known (Patent Document WO 2006/106905). Therefore, in order to express only the target component more efficiently, in addition to CH1 / CL interface control, we considered repelling the H and L chains between the variable regions. This is called VH / VL interface control.
- GpH71 (SEQ ID NO: 48) in which the 39th Gln of the anti-GPC3 H chain Kabat numbering was replaced by Lys and GpH72 (SEQ ID NO: 49) in which the Glu was replaced by Glu, and the 38th Gln of the L chain Kabat numbering in Glu GpL161 (SEQ ID NO: 52) substituted with 1 and GpL162 (SEQ ID NO: 53) substituted with Lys were prepared.
- An antibody expression vector was prepared according to the method of Reference Example 1. Bispecific antibodies were expressed using the prepared antibodies. Table 10 summarizes the combinations of antibody modifications produced and the expressed antibodies.
- VH / VL interface control Even if the mutation of VH / VL interface control is further added to 4ch_004, 4ch_010, in which mutation is introduced only in CH1 / CL, it is considered to be a new hetero component. Peak was not detected (FIGS. 10 and 11). Based on the above, adding the VH / VL interface control to the CH1 / CL interface control makes it easier to purify the target component. It became clear that the purification was not adversely affected.
- Example 6 Tm measurement of antibody combined with modified sites It is considered that modification of CH1 / CL interface control may affect Fab stability. Therefore, for the combinations of TH2 / TL17, TH13 / TL16, and TH15 / TL19, the Fab stability and Tm were measured according to the method of Reference Example 2.
- Anti-IL6R antibodies were used to produce antibodies with H / L chains consisting of TH2 / TL17, TH13 / TL16, and TH15 / TL19. Table 11 summarizes the combinations of antibody modifications and the expressed antibodies.
- Example 7 Influence of binding activity by introducing mutation of CH1 / CL interface control It cannot be said that the modification of CH1 / CL interface control has no possibility of affecting the binding to an antigen. Therefore, in order to measure the binding activity to IL-6R and GPC3, the binding activity of the combinations of TH2 / TL17, TH13 / TL16, and TH15 / TL19 was measured according to the method of Reference Example 5 (Table 12).
- Example 8 For the H chain CH1, human IgA1 (SEQ ID NO: 63), IgA2 (SEQ ID NO: 64), IgD (SEQ ID NO: 65), IgE (SEQ ID NO: 66), IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 67), IgG2 ( SEQ ID NO: 68), IgG3 (SEQ ID NO: 69), IgG4 (SEQ ID NO: 70), IgM (SEQ ID NO: 71), L chain is CL, human IgK (Kappa) (SEQ ID NO: 72), IgL1 (SEQ ID NO: 73), IgL2 (SEQ ID NO: 74), IgL3 (SEQ ID NO: 75), IgL6 (SEQ ID NO: 76), IgL7 (SEQ ID NO: 77) (Lambda) amino acid sequences were aligned, Compared.
- the antibody was purified from the obtained culture supernatant by a method known to those skilled in the art using rProtein A Sepharose TM Fast Flow (GE Healthcare).
- the purified antibody concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm using a spectrophotometer, and calculating the antibody concentration using the extinction coefficient calculated by the PACE method from the obtained value (Protein Science 1995; 4: 2411- 2423).
- the dissociation constant (KD) for each antibody antigen was calculated by performing kinetic analysis on the Biacore measurement results. Specifically, the sensorgram obtained by measuring with Biacore Evaluation Software is globally fitted with a 1: 1 Langmuir binding model, thereby binding rate constant ka (L / mol / s) and dissociation rate constant kd (1 / s ) And the dissociation constant KD (mol / L) was calculated from the calculated value.
- the association can be controlled without changing the structure, function, activity, etc. of the original polypeptide (antibody). Very useful. In addition, it has little effect on antigenicity. By using the present invention, it is possible to efficiently obtain bispecific antibodies that actually retain activity.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子、重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子の製造方法、および抗原結合分子の重鎖と軽鎖の会合制御方法に関し、より具体的には、以下に関する。
〔1〕 重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子であって、
当該抗原結合分子において重鎖と軽鎖における以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基である抗原結合分子;
(a)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。
〔2〕 さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基である、〔1〕に記載の抗原結合分子;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
〔3〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の抗原結合分子;
(X) グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y) リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)。
〔4〕 さらに、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基である、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
〔5〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組のアミノ酸残基である、〔4〕に記載の抗原結合分子;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。
〔6〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、〔4〕または〔5〕に記載の抗原結合分子;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。
〔7〕 重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子であって、
当該抗原結合分子において会合する重鎖と軽鎖における以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基である抗原結合分子;
(a)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。
〔8〕 さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基である、〔7〕に記載の抗原結合分子;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
〔9〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択される、〔7〕又は〔8〕に記載の抗原結合分子;
(X) グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y) リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。
〔10〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)である、〔7〕~〔9〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
〔11〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)である、〔7〕~〔9〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
〔12〕 さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)である、〔11〕に記載の抗原結合分子。
〔13〕 さらに、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基である、〔7〕~〔12〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
〔14〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組のアミノ酸残基である、〔13〕に記載の抗原結合分子;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。
〔15〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択される、〔13〕または〔14〕に記載の抗原結合分子;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。
〔16〕 抗原結合分子が二重特異性抗体である、〔1〕~〔15〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
〔17〕
以下の(1)~(3)の工程を含む、重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(1)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)をコードする核酸を、以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するように核酸を改変する工程、
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基
(2)前記改変された核酸を宿主細胞へ導入し、宿主細胞を該核酸が発現するように培養する工程、
(3)前記宿主細胞の培養物から抗原結合分子を回収する工程。
〔18〕 前記工程(1)において、さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔17〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
〔19〕 前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの群に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択されるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔17〕または〔18〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。
〔20〕 さらに前記工程(1)において、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔17〕~〔19〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
〔21〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択されるいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基である、〔20〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。
〔22〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、〔20〕または〔21〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。
〔23〕 以下の(1)~(3)の工程を含む、重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(1)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)をコードする核酸を、以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないように核酸を改変する工程、
(a)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基
(2)前記改変された核酸を宿主細胞へ導入し、宿主細胞を該核酸が発現するように培養する工程、
(3)前記宿主細胞の培養物から抗原結合分子を回収する工程。
〔24〕 前記工程(1)において、さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔23〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
〔25〕 前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択されるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔23〕または〔24〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(X) グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y) リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。
〔26〕 前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔23〕~〔25〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
〔27〕 前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔23〕~〔25〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
〔28〕 さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔27〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
〔29〕 さらに前記工程(1)において、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、〔23〕~〔28〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
〔30〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択されるいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基である、〔29〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。
〔31〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択される、〔29〕または〔30〕に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。
〔32〕 〔17〕~〔31〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法により製造される抗原結合分子。
〔33〕 抗原結合分子が二重特異性抗体である、〔32〕に記載の抗原結合分子。
〔34〕 抗原結合分子の重鎖と軽鎖の会合制御方法であって、
以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む方法;
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。
〔35〕 さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む、〔34〕に記載の方法;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
〔36〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、〔34〕または〔35〕に記載の方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。
〔37〕 さらに、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基である、〔34〕~〔36〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔38〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択されるいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基である、〔37〕に記載の方法;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。
〔39〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、〔37〕または〔38〕に記載の方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。
〔40〕 抗原結合分子の重鎖と軽鎖の会合制御方法であって、
以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む方法;
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。
〔41〕 さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む、〔40〕に記載の方法;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
〔42〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択される、〔40〕または〔41〕に記載の方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。
〔43〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)である、〔40〕~〔42〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔44〕 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)である、〔40〕~〔42〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔45〕 さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)である、〔44〕に記載の方法。
〔46〕 抗原結合分子が二重特異性抗体である、〔34〕~〔45〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔47〕 〔1〕~〔16〕、〔32〕、または〔33〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子、および医薬的に許容される担体を含む組成物。
〔48〕 〔1〕~〔16〕、〔32〕、または〔33〕のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子をコードする核酸。
〔49〕 〔48〕に記載の核酸を有する宿主細胞。
本発明においては、目的としない重鎖と軽鎖の組合せの重鎖の定常領域(CH1)及び軽鎖定常領域の所定の位置のアミノ酸残基を互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基にする(同種の電荷とする)ことで、電荷の反発を利用して目的としない重鎖と軽鎖の組合せの形成を防ぐことができ、その結果として目的とする重鎖と軽鎖の組合せを形成させることができる。
上記抗体におけるアミノ酸残基を互いに電荷的に反発する(同種の電荷を有する)アミノ酸残基に改変することにより、その電荷の反発力によって、これらアミノ酸残基同士の会合が阻害されるものと考えられる。
上記抗体において、ポリペプチドの界面において会合に関与するアミノ酸残基を互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基に改変することにより、例えばその電荷の吸引力によって、これらアミノ酸残基同士の会合が促進されるものと考えられる。
従って、本発明において互いに電荷的に反発する(同種の電荷を有する)アミノ酸とは、
(1)一方のアミノ酸が正の電荷のアミノ酸で他方のアミノ酸も正の電荷のアミノ酸
(2)一方のアミノ酸が負の電荷のアミノ酸で他方のアミノ酸も負の電荷のアミノ酸
を意味する。
(1)一方のアミノ酸が正の電荷のアミノ酸で他方のアミノ酸が負の電荷のアミノ酸、
(2)一方のアミノ酸が正の電荷のアミノ酸で他方のアミノ酸が電荷を帯びていないアミノ酸又は非極性アミノ酸、
(3)一方のアミノ酸が負の電荷のアミノ酸で他方のアミノ酸が電荷を帯びていないアミノ酸又は非極性アミノ酸、
(4)双方のアミノ酸がいずれも電荷を帯びていないアミノ酸又は非極性アミノ酸、
を意味する。
(1)疎水性:アラニン、イソロイシン、ノルロイシン、バリン、メチオニン及びロイシン;
(2)中性親水性:アスパラギン、グルタミン、システイン、スレオニン及びセリン;
(3)酸性:アスパラギン酸及びグルタミン酸;
(4)塩基性:アルギニン、ヒスチジン及びリシン;
(5)鎖の配向に影響する残基:グリシンおよびプロリン;ならびに
(6)芳香族性:チロシン、トリプトファン及びフェニルアラニン
のグループに分類される。
当業者であれば、本発明によって会合を制御したい所望のポリペプチドについて、会合した際のCH1とCLの界面において接近するアミノ酸残基の種類を適宜知ることが可能である。
・CH1のEUナンバリング147位(例えば、配列番号:1に記載のアミノ酸配列における147位)のリジン(K)と、相対(接触)するCLのEUナンバリング180位のスレオニン(T)
・CH1のEUナンバリング147位のリジン(K)と、相対(接触)するCLのEUナンバリング131位のセリン(S)
・CH1のEUナンバリング175位のグルタミン(Q)と、相対(接触)するCLのEUナンバリング160位のグルタミン(Q)
・CH1のEUナンバリング213位のリジン(K)と、相対(接触)するCLのEUナンバリング123位のグルタミン酸(E)
後述の実施例で示すように、これらアミノ酸残基を改変し、本発明の方法を実施することにより、所望の抗体を優先的に取得することができる。
(a)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
(X) グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y) リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)。
・CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)
・CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)
上記抗体において電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基としては、さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)を挙げることができる。
また、上述の抗体についての製造方法、および、上記(a)~(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基となるように改変する本発明の会合制御方法もまた、本発明の好ましい態様である。
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
(X)グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)
(Z)アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)
・CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)
・CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)
上記抗体において電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基としては、さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)を挙げることができる。
(1)重鎖CH3領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、EUナンバリング356位および439位のアミノ酸残基、
(2)重鎖CH3領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、EUナンバリング357位および370位のアミノ酸残基、
(3)重鎖CH3領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、EUナンバリング399位および409位のアミノ酸残基。
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)
より具体的には、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組のアミノ酸残基である抗体を挙げることができる;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、(1)Kabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、および軽鎖に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、(2)Kabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、(3)Kabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、(4)Kabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。
(X) グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y) リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)。
(1)グルタミン(Q)、
(2)グルタミン(Q)、
(3)ロイシン(L)、
(4)プロリン(P)
である。従って本発明の好ましい態様においては、これらアミノ酸残基を改変(例えば、電荷を有するアミノ酸への置換)に供する。なお、上記(a)または(b)のアミノ酸残基の種類は、必ずしも上記のアミノ酸残基に限定されず、該アミノ酸に相当する他のアミノ酸であってもよい。例えば、軽鎖可変領域上のKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸として、ヒトの場合、例えば、ヒスチジン(H)であってもよい。
(1)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、Kabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基
(2)軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、Kabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基
(1)ロイシン(L)、
(2)プロリン(P)
である。従って本発明の好ましい態様においては、これらアミノ酸残基を改変(例えば、電荷を有するアミノ酸への置換)に供する。なお、上記(1)及び(2)のアミノ酸残基の種類は、必ずしも上記のアミノ酸残基に限定されず、該アミノ酸に相当する他のアミノ酸であってもよい。
本発明の製造方法の好ましい態様としては、重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗体の製造方法であって、
(1)CH1及びCLをコードする核酸を、以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変する工程、
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基
(2)前記改変された核酸を宿主細胞へ導入し、宿主細胞を該核酸が発現するように培養する工程、
(3)前記宿主細胞の培養細胞物から抗体を回収する工程。
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
さらに本発明は、前記工程(1)において、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む製造方法に関する。ここで好ましくは、互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基は、例えば以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択されるいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基である;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。
(1)CH1及びCLをコードする核酸を、以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変する工程、
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基
(2)前記改変された核酸を宿主細胞へ導入し、宿主細胞を該核酸が発現するように培養する工程、
(3)前記宿主細胞の培養物から抗体を回収する工程、
を含む製造方法が挙げられる。
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
また本発明は、前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が上述の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択されるように核酸を改変する工程を含む製造方法に関する。
また本発明は、前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基として、具体的に以下のアミノ酸残基を挙げることができる。
・CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であって、EUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)
・CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)
さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)を挙げることができる。
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。
本発明の会合制御方法の好ましい態様としては、抗体の重鎖と軽鎖の会合制御方法であって、以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む方法;
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。
宿主細胞へのベクターの導入は、例えば、リン酸カルシウム法、DEAEデキストラン法、カチオニックリボソームDOTAP(Boehringer Mannheim製)を用いた方法、エレクトロポレーション法(Current protocols in Molecular Biology edit. Ausubel et al. (1987) Publish. John Wiley & Sons.Section 9.1-9.9)、リポフェクション、リポフェクタミン法(GIBCO-BRL社製)、マイクロインジェクション法、などの公知の方法で行うことが可能である。また、Free Style 293 Expression System(Invitrogen社製)を用いて、遺伝子導入からポリペプチドの発現までを行うこともできる。
真菌細胞としては、酵母、例えば、サッカロミセス(Saccharomyces)属の細胞(サッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、サッカロミセス・ポンベ(Saccharomyces pombe)等)、及び糸状菌、例えば、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属の細胞(アスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)等)を用いた蛋白質発現系が公知であり、本発明の抗体産生の宿主として利用できる。
本発明の医薬組成物は、当業者に公知の方法で製剤化することが可能である。また、必要に応じ本発明の抗体を、その他の医薬成分と組み合わせて製剤化することもできる。例えば、水もしくはそれ以外の薬学的に許容し得る液との無菌性溶液、又は懸濁液剤の注射剤の形で非経口的に使用できる。例えば、薬理学上許容される担体もしくは媒体、具体的には、滅菌水や生理食塩水、植物油、乳化剤、懸濁剤、界面活性剤、安定剤、香味剤、賦形剤、ベヒクル、防腐剤、結合剤などと適宜組み合わせて、一般に認められた製薬実施に要求される単位用量形態で混和することによって製剤化することが考えられる。これら製剤における有効成分量は、指示された範囲の適当な容量が得られるように設定する。
注射用の水溶液としては、例えば生理食塩水、ブドウ糖やその他の補助薬(例えばD-ソルビトール、D-マンノース、D-マンニトール、塩化ナトリウム)を含む等張液が挙げられる。適当な溶解補助剤、例えばアルコール(エタノール等)、ポリアルコール(プロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール等)、非イオン性界面活性剤(ポリソルベート80(TM)、HCO-50等)を併用してもよい。
〔実施例1〕CH1/CLの界面を制御する箇所の探索
二重特異性抗体のそれぞれのCH1とCLドメインに変異を導入し、CH1/CLの界面の電荷を利用し、CH1/CLの界面を制御することによって、抗原Aに対するH鎖とL鎖のみが会合し、抗原Bに対するH鎖とL鎖のみがそれぞれ特異的に会合することを考えた。以降、CH1/CL界面制御と記す。そこで、結晶構造モデルから、CH1/CL界面制御が可能な箇所を探索した。アミノ酸は疎水性相互作用、電荷的相互作用、水素結合などにより側鎖間の相互作用を維持している。これらの相互作用は約4 Åの範囲内に存在する側鎖間に生じることが知られている。そこで、PDBモデル1HZHから、CH1とCLの界面において、CH1に存在するアミノ酸とCLにあるアミノ酸の距離が約4Åであるアミノ酸を見出した。見出したアミノ酸の箇所を、図1、表1(改変箇所のまとめ)にそれぞれまとめた。表1に記載のアミノ酸番号はEU numbering(Sequences of proteins of immunological interest, NIH Publication No.91-3242)にしたがって記載した。また、以降のアミノ酸番号もEU numberingに従って記載した。本実施例ではH鎖はIgG1、L鎖はIgK(Kappa)を用いた。
見出したアミノ酸のCH1/CL界面制御の効果を、以下の方法を用いて確認した。Anti-GPC3抗体を用いてスクリーニングすることとした。まず、H鎖、L鎖の発現ベクターを構築した。H鎖として可変領域であるGpH7(配列番号:34)と実施例1で作製したH鎖の定常領域を持っているH鎖の発現ベクター、L鎖として可変領域であるGpL16(配列番号:35)と実施例1で作製したL鎖の定常領域を持っているL鎖の発現ベクターをそれぞれ参考実施例1に従って構築した。次に、作製したH鎖、L鎖の発現ベクターの組み合わせを以下のように選択した。実施例1で作製した定常領域ののうち、見出した箇所のアミノ酸が正の電荷、または負の電荷を持っているH鎖を一つ選択した。この場合、必ずしも変異が導入されているとは限らない。例えば、TH1の147番目はGluに置換されているが、G1dは147番目のアミノ酸はLysであり、もともと正電荷を持っているため変異は導入されていない。次に、選択したH鎖のCH1の変異箇所と表1において対応している箇所に変異を有するL鎖を表2から選択した。例えば、CH1の147番目のアミノ酸とCLの180番目のアミノ酸がCH1/CLの界面において関与していると予想されるので、H鎖としてTH1を選択した場合、L鎖としてTL1、TL2を選択した。続いて、選択した1本のH鎖に対して、選択した2つのL鎖を混ぜ合わせて、参考実施例1に従って抗体を発現させた。最後に、発現させた抗体を参考実施例3または4に従って分析し、各抗体の発現比率によって、CH1/CL界面制御に効果のある改変をスクリーニングした。H鎖1種類とL鎖2種類を混ぜ合わせて発現した場合、IgGはH鎖2本とL鎖2本の複合体からなっているため、3つの組み合わせが発現すると予想される。例えば、H鎖としてTH1とL鎖としてTL1とTL2の組み合わせを発現させた場合、
H鎖_1:H鎖_2:L鎖_1:L鎖_2=TH1:TH1:TL1:TL1(これをTH1/TL1と表記する)、
H鎖_1:H鎖_2:L鎖_1:L鎖_2=TH1:TH1:TL1:TL2(これをTH1/TL1_TL2と表記する)、
H鎖_1:H鎖_2:L鎖_1:L鎖_2=TH1:TH1:TL2:TL2(これをTH1/TL2と表記する)
の3つの組み合わせが発現する(図2)。H鎖とL鎖の会合に選択性がない場合、2つのL鎖が等量にはいっているので、TH1/TL1、TH1/TL1_TL2、TH1/TL2=1:2:1の割合で発現すると予想される。しかしながら、CH1/CLの界面において、H鎖がいずれか一方のL鎖とのみ優先的に結合する場合、その組み合わせのみが優先的に発現すると考えられる。例えば、H鎖としてTH1、L鎖としてTL1及びTL2を発現させた時、CH1の147番目のアミノ酸とCLの180番目のアミノ酸がCH1/CLの界面において関与している場合、CH1の147番目のアミノ酸がGlu(負電荷)であるTH1と、L鎖のCLの180番目のアミノ酸がLys(正電荷)であるTL2との組み合わせが優先的に発現すると予想される。しかしながら、CH1の147番目のアミノ酸とCLの180番目のアミノ酸がCH1/CLの界面において関与していない場合、H鎖とL鎖の会合に選択性が生じないので、TH1/TL1、TH1/TL1_TL2、TH1/TL2=1:2:1の割合で発現すると予想される。このように、H鎖1種類とL鎖2種類を混ぜ合わせて発現し、その発現バランスを指標にし、CH1/CL界面制御の効果がある改変(CH1/CLの界面において関与している改変)をスクリーニングすることとした。
H鎖とL鎖の組み合わせを、表3(発現に用いたH鎖、L鎖の組み合わせ。H鎖、L鎖変異場所も記載)にまとめた。
図2で示したように、変異を導入した箇所が電荷的に相互作用している場合、灰色で塗りつぶしたpeakの位置の抗体の割合が多くなる。すなわち、灰色で塗りつぶした抗体の割合が25%より多い変異箇所は、電荷的に相互作用していると考えられる。
実施例2で見出した、CH1/CL界面制御の効果が大きいと考えられたCH1にあるK147、Q175、K213の箇所と、CLにあるE123、S131、Q160、T180の箇所を組み合わせて、CH1/CL界面制御をより効率的に行うことを考えた。作製した抗体の改変の組み合わせと、発現した抗体について表5(改変箇所のまとめ)にまとめた。
実施例3の中で、CH1/CL界面制御の効果が大きかったH鎖のTH2、TH13、TH15、L鎖のTL16、TL17、TL19、TL20について、二重特異性抗体、Bispecific Abを作製することを考えた。本実施例では、Anti-IL6R抗体とAnti-GPC3抗体を用いて二重特異性抗体を作製することとした。
4ch_001はCH1/CL界面制御及びKiHの改変が導入されていないH鎖、L鎖を用いて発現した。4ch_002はKiHの改変が導入されているH鎖、L鎖を用いて発現した。4ch_003はCH1/CL界面制御改変が導入されているH鎖、L鎖を用いて発現した。4ch_004はKiHの改変とCH1/CL界面制御改変が導入されているH鎖、L鎖を用いて発現した。また、4ch_011は、KiHの改変とCH1/CL界面制御改変が導入されているAnti-IL6R抗体のH鎖とAnti-GPC3抗体のH鎖、CH1/CL界面制御の改変が導入されたAnti-IL6R抗体のL鎖を用いて発現した。4ch_012は、KiHの改変とCH1/CL界面制御改変が導入されているAnti-IL6R抗体のH鎖とAnti-GPC3抗体のH鎖、CH1/CL界面制御の改変が導入されたAnti-GPC3抗体のL鎖を用いて発現した。それぞれの抗体を参考実施例1に従って発現し、参考実施例4に従ってCIEX分析を実施し、その結果を図9-1および9-2にまとめた。Anti-IL6R抗体のH鎖可変領域を用いた場合はMH0、Anti-GPC3抗体のH鎖可変領域を用いた場合はGpH7、Anti-IL6R抗体のL鎖可変領域を用いた場合はML0、Anti-GPC3抗体のL鎖可変領域を用いた場合はGpL16と記載した。CH1/CL界面制御及びKiHの改変が導入されていない4ch_001はH鎖とL鎖の様々な組み合わせと考えられるヘテロ成分が、クロマトグラフィー上で複数検出された。それに対してKiHの改変を導入した4ch_002はH鎖どうしの会合が抑制されたため、不純物と考えられるクロマトグラフィー上のpeakの数が減少した。また、CH1/CL界面制御の改変を導入したH鎖のTH2、TH13、L鎖のTL16、TL17を用いた4ch_003はH鎖とL鎖の会合が抑制されたため、不純物と考えられるクロマトグラフィー上のpeakの数が減少した。さらにKiHとCH1/CL界面制御の改変を組み合わせた4ch_004に関しては、大部分がメインのpeakであることが明らかとなった。4ch_004のクロマトグラフィー上のpeakと4ch_011のクロマトグラフィー上のpeakがほぼ一致しているのはそれぞれの抗体の等電点(pI)が近いため、クロマトグラフィー上で分離できていないと考えられる。4ch_003、4ch_004、4ch_011、4ch_012と同様の方法で、4ch_004とは異なるCH1/CL界面制御を加えた4ch_005、4ch_006、4ch_015、4ch_016、また4ch_004に導入したCH1/CL界面制御の改変をAnti-GPC3抗体とAnti-IL6R抗体間で交換した4ch_007、4ch_008、4ch_013、4ch_014、さらに4ch_006に導入したCH1/CL界面制御の改変をAnti-GPC3抗体とAnti-IL6R抗体間で交換した4ch_009、4ch_010、4ch_017、4ch_018についても検討を実施した。その結果、4ch_001と比較するとクロマトグラフィー上のヘテロ成分が大幅に減少した。
以上より、CH1/CL界面制御改変とKiHの改変を組み合わせることによって効率よく二重特異性抗体を作製することが明らかとなった。
実施例4より、CH1/CLを用いた界面制御が、二重特異性抗体を作製するのに有用であることが明らかとなった。そこで、Anti-CD3抗体であるM12と(H鎖、配列番号:54、L鎖、配列番号:57)、Anti-GPC3であるGC33(2)(H鎖、配列番号:55、L鎖、配列番号:58)を用いてCH1/CL界面制御の効果を確認した。実施例4と同様、CH1/CL界面制御の効果が大きかったH鎖のTH2、TH13、TH15、L鎖のTL16、TL17、TL19を用いて二重特異性抗体を作製することとした。
Anti-CD3を認識する抗体であるM12のH鎖(配列番号:54)とL鎖(配列番号:57)、Anti-GPC3を認識する抗体GC33(2)のH鎖(配列番号:55)とL鎖(配列番号:58)の定常領域を、H鎖のCH1はTH2、TH13、TH15、L鎖のCLはTL16、TL17、TL19に置換した。さらにH鎖同士の会合をさけるため、Knob into Hole(KiH)(特許文献1)の改変を導入したH鎖を作製した。作製したこれらの抗体の変異箇所、発現した抗体は表9(改変箇所のまとめ)にまとめた。
Anti-CD3とAnti-GPC3抗体を用いてもCH1/CL界面制御は、二重特異性抗体を作製するのに有用であることが明らかである。
二重特異性抗体を調製する際に、目的としたH鎖とL鎖のみを特異的に会合させる技術として可変領域のVHとVLに電荷的な反発を導入する技術が知られている(特許文献WO 2006/106905)。そこで、目的成分のみをより効率よく発現させるために、CH1/CL界面制御に加え、H鎖とL鎖を可変領域同士で反発させることを考えた。これをVH/VL界面制御という。Anti-IL6RのH鎖のKabatナンバリング39番目のGlnをLysに置換したMH01(配列番号:46)とGluに置換したMH02(配列番号:47)、L鎖のKabatナンバリング38番目のGlnをGluに置換したML01(配列番号:50)とLysに置換したML02(配列番号:51)を作製した。さらにAnti-GPC3のH鎖のKabatナンバリング39番目のGlnをLysに置換したGpH71(配列番号:48) とGluに置換したGpH72(配列番号:49)、L鎖のKabatナンバリング38番目のGlnをGluに置換したGpL161(配列番号:52) とLysに置換したGpL162(配列番号:53)ををそれぞれ作製した。抗体の発現ベクターの作製は参考実施例1の方法に従って行った。作製した抗体を用いて、二重特異性抗体を発現した。作製した抗体の改変の組み合わせと、発現した抗体について表10にまとめた。
CH1/CL界面制御の変異を導入した4ch_006, 4ch_008のクロマトグラフィー上で観察されたヘテロ成分と考えられるpeakが、VH/VL界面制御の変異を導入した4ch_1,2_006, 4ch_2,1_008で消失していることから、CH1/CL界面制御に加え、VH/VL界面制御を加えることによってさらに、目的成分のみを効率的に作製できることが明らかとなった(図10及び図11)。また、目的成分と思われる成分のみが精製できていると考えられる、CH1/CLにのみ変異を導入した4ch_004, 4ch_010に、VH/VL界面制御の変異をさらに加えても新しいヘテロ成分と考えられるpeakは検出されなかった(図10及び図11)。
以上のことより、CH1/CL界面制御に対してVH/VL界面制御を加えることによって、さらに目的成分が精製されやすくなる一方で、すでに目的成分のみが精製できていると考えられる場合にはその精製には悪影響を与えないことが明らかとなった。
CH1/CL界面制御の改変がFabの安定性に影響を与える可能性が考えられる。そこで、TH2/TL17、TH13/TL16、TH15/TL19の組み合わせについて、Fabの安定性、Tmを参考実施例2の方法にしたがって測定することとした。Anti-IL6R抗体を用いて、H鎖/L鎖がTH2/TL17、TH13/TL16、TH15/TL19からなる抗体を作製した。抗体の改変の組み合わせと、発現した抗体について表11にまとめた。
CH1/CL界面制御の改変が、抗原に対する結合に影響を与える可能性がないとは言い切れない。そこで、IL-6R、GPC3に対する結合活性を測定するために、TH2/TL17、TH13/TL16、TH15/TL19の組み合わせについて、結合活性を参考実施例5の方法に従って測定した(表12)。
H鎖のCH1について、ヒトのIgA1(配列番号:63)、IgA2(配列番号:64)、IgD(配列番号:65)、IgE(配列番号:66)、IgG1(配列番号:67)、IgG2(配列番号:68)、IgG3(配列番号:69)、IgG4(配列番号:70)、IgM(配列番号:71)と、L鎖はCLについて、ヒトのIgK(Kappa)(配列番号:72)、IgL1(配列番号:73)、IgL2(配列番号:74)、IgL3(配列番号:75)、IgL6(配列番号:76)、IgL7(配列番号:77)(Lambda)のアミノ酸配列をアライメントし、それぞれ比較した。結果を図12に示した。本実施例で見出した改変を矢印で示した。矢印で記したアミノ酸を、本実施例で示したように、H鎖のCH1とL鎖のCLが反発するように、H鎖とL鎖に異なる電荷のアミノ酸を導入することによって、目的とするH鎖とL鎖を特異的に会合させることができると考えられる。
アミノ酸置換の導入はQuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit(Stratagene)、PCRまたはIn fusion Advantage PCR cloning kit (TAKARA)等を用いて当業者公知の方法で行い、発現ベクターを構築した。得られた発現ベクターの塩基配列は当業者公知の方法で決定した。作製したプラスミドをヒト胎児腎癌細胞由来HEK293H株(Invitrogen)、またはFreeStyle293細胞(Invitrogen社)に、一過性に導入し、抗体の発現を行った。得られた培養上清から、rProtein A SepharoseTM Fast Flow(GEヘルスケア)を用いて当業者公知の方法で、抗体を精製した。精製抗体濃度は、分光光度計を用いて280 nmでの吸光度を測定し、得られた値からPACE法により算出された吸光係数を用いて抗体濃度を算出した(Protein Science 1995 ; 4 : 2411-2423)。
本検討では、示差走査型カロリメトリーであるMicroCal Capillary DSC(DKSH)用いて抗体の熱変性中点(Tm)を測定することにより熱安定性を評価した。
各抗体溶液を500μLずつ測定用プレートにセットし、20℃から115℃まで温度を上昇させた。昇温速度は120℃/時とし、熱容量の変化を観測した。
データはOrigin7(Light stone)を用いて解析を行い、熱容量変化が認められた温度を算出し、この値をTm値とした。
Alliance system(Waters)を用いたAIEX法により、作製抗体の分析を実施した。分析カラムにTSK-gel DEAE-NPR(Tosoh)を用い、移動相Aとして10 mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH7.5を、移動相Bとして10 mmo/L Tris-HCl/500 mmol/L NaCl, pH7.5を用いた2液グラジエント法を実施した。測定は280 nmの波長でおこなった。
Empower2(Waters)を用いてデータ解析を実施し、検出された各ピークの比率を算出した。
Alliance system(Waters)を用いたCIEX法により、作製抗体の分析を実施した。分析カラムにWCX-10(Dionex)を用い、移動相Aとして25 mmol/L MES, pH6.1、移動相Bとして25 mmo/L MES/ 500 mmol/L NaCl, pH6.1を用いた2液グラジエント法を実施した。測定は280 nmの波長でおこなった。
Empower2(Waters)を用いてデータ解析を実施し、検出された各ピークの比率を算出した。
Biacore T100 (GE Healthcare) を用いて、目的の抗体とhIL6RおよびGPC3との相互作用解析を行った。ランニングバッファーにはHBS-EP+ (GE Healthcare)を用い、測定温度は25 ℃とした。Series S Sencor Chip CM5(GEヘルスケア)に、アミンカップリング法によりProtein A/G (Thermo Scientific) を固定化したチップを用いた。チップへ目的の抗体をキャプチャーさせ、ランニングバッファーで希釈した各抗原を相互作用させた。10 mM glycine-HCl、pH1.5を反応させることで、チップにキャプチャーした抗体を洗浄し、チップを再生して繰り返し用いた。
各抗体の抗原に対する解離定数 (KD) は、Biacoreの測定結果に対して速度論的解析を実施することで算出した。具体的には、Biacore Evaluation Softwareにより測定して得られたセンサーグラムを1:1 Langmuir binding modelでglobal fittingさせることで結合速度定数ka (L/mol/s)、解離速度定数kd(1/s)を算出し、その値から解離定数KD (mol/L) を算出した。
本発明を用いることにより、実際に活性を保持する二重特異性抗体の効率的な取得が可能である。
Claims (49)
- 重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子であって、
当該抗原結合分子において重鎖と軽鎖における以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基である抗原結合分子;
(a)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。 - さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基である、請求項1に記載の抗原結合分子;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の抗原結合分子;
(X) グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y) リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)。 - さらに、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
- 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組のアミノ酸残基である、請求項4に記載の抗原結合分子;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、請求項4または5に記載の抗原結合分子;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。 - 重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子であって、
当該抗原結合分子において会合する重鎖と軽鎖における以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基である抗原結合分子;
(a)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。 - さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基である、請求項7に記載の抗原結合分子;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択される、請求項7又は8に記載の抗原結合分子;
(X) グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y) リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)である、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
- 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)である、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
- さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)である、請求項11に記載の抗原結合分子。
- さらに、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基である、請求項7~12のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
- 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組のアミノ酸残基である、請求項13に記載の抗原結合分子;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択される、請求項13または14に記載の抗原結合分子;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。 - 抗原結合分子が二重特異性抗体である、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子。
- 以下の(1)~(3)の工程を含む、重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(1)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)をコードする核酸を、以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するように核酸を改変する工程、
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基
(2)前記改変された核酸を宿主細胞へ導入し、宿主細胞を該核酸が発現するように培養する工程、
(3)前記宿主細胞の培養物から抗原結合分子を回収する工程。 - 前記工程(1)において、さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項17に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの群に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択されるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項17または18に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。 - さらに前記工程(1)において、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項17~19のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
- 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択されるいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基である、請求項20に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、請求項20または21に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。 - 以下の(1)~(3)の工程を含む、重鎖と軽鎖の会合が制御された抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(1)会合する重鎖の定常領域(CH1)及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)をコードする核酸を、以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないように核酸を改変する工程、
(a)重鎖の定常領域(CH1)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖定常領域(CL)に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基
(2)前記改変された核酸を宿主細胞へ導入し、宿主細胞を該核酸が発現するように培養する工程、
(3)前記宿主細胞の培養物から抗原結合分子を回収する工程。 - 前記工程(1)において、さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項23に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択されるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項23または24に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(X) グルタミン酸(E)又はアスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y) リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)又はヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。 - 前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項23~25のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
- 前記工程(1)において、互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項23~25のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
- さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項27に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
- さらに前記工程(1)において、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基であるように核酸を改変する工程を含む、請求項23~28のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法。
- 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択されるいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基である、請求項29に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択される、請求項29または30に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。 - 請求項17~31のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子の製造方法により製造される抗原結合分子。
- 抗原結合分子が二重特異性抗体である、請求項32に記載の抗原結合分子。
- 抗原結合分子の重鎖と軽鎖の会合制御方法であって、
以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む方法;
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。 - さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む、請求項34に記載の方法;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、請求項34または35に記載の方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。 - さらに、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域の界面を形成する2残基以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基である、請求項34~36のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(a)または(b)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択されるいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基である、請求項37に記載の方法;
(a)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング39位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング38位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)重鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング45位のアミノ酸残基、及び軽鎖可変領域に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってKabatナンバリング44位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)または(Y)のいずれかの組に含まれるアミノ酸残基から選択される、請求項37または38に記載の方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。 - 抗原結合分子の重鎖と軽鎖の会合制御方法であって、
当該抗原結合分子において会合する重鎖と軽鎖における以下の(a)~(c)に示すアミノ酸残基の組からなる群より選択される1組または2組以上のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む方法;
(a)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位のアミノ酸残基、
(b)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング131位のアミノ酸残基、
(c)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング160位のアミノ酸残基。 - さらに、以下の(d)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のアミノ酸残基が互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基となるように核酸を改変することを含む、請求項40に記載の方法;
(d)CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基、及びCLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、以下の(X)~(Z)からなる群より選択される2つの組のそれぞれから選択されるアミノ酸残基であって、2つの組が(X)と(Y)、(X)と(Z)、(Y)と(Z)、または(Z)と(Z)の組み合わせから選択される、請求項40または41に記載の方法;
(X)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D)、
(Y)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)、
(Z) アラニン(A)、アスパラギン(N)、システイン(C)、グルタミン(Q)、グリシン(G)、イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、フェニルアラニン(F)、プロリン(P)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、トリプトファン(W)、チロシン(Y)又はバリン(V)。 - 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング175位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもグルタミン酸(E)である、請求項40~42のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記互いに電荷的に反発しないアミノ酸残基が、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング147位及び175位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング180位、131位及び160位のアミノ酸残基がいずれもリジン(K)である、請求項40~42のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- さらに、CH1に含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング213位のアミノ酸残基がグルタミン酸(E)であり、CLに含まれるアミノ酸残基であってEUナンバリング123位のアミノ酸残基がリジン(K)である、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 抗原結合分子が二重特異性抗体である、請求項34~45のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~16、32、または33のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子、および医薬的に許容される担体を含む組成物。
- 請求項1~16、32、または33のいずれか1項に記載の抗原結合分子をコードする核酸。
- 請求項48に記載の核酸を有する宿主細胞。
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US20200087380A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
US20140370020A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
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EP2787078A4 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
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HK1259059A1 (zh) | 2019-11-22 |
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CA2853230A1 (en) | 2013-05-10 |
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