WO2010044400A1 - 熱反応型レジスト材料、それを用いた熱リソグラフィ用積層体及びそれらを用いたモールドの製造方法 - Google Patents
熱反応型レジスト材料、それを用いた熱リソグラフィ用積層体及びそれらを用いたモールドの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010044400A1 WO2010044400A1 PCT/JP2009/067737 JP2009067737W WO2010044400A1 WO 2010044400 A1 WO2010044400 A1 WO 2010044400A1 JP 2009067737 W JP2009067737 W JP 2009067737W WO 2010044400 A1 WO2010044400 A1 WO 2010044400A1
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- reactive resist
- decomposable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
- G11B7/261—Preparing a master, e.g. exposing photoresist, electroforming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0002—Lithographic processes using patterning methods other than those involving the exposure to radiation, e.g. by stamping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0046—Photosensitive materials with perfluoro compounds, e.g. for dry lithography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat-reactive resist material having high resistance to a dry etching process using a fluorocarbon gas, a laminate for thermal lithography using the same, and a method for producing a mold using them.
- fine pattern processing technology of about several hundred to several tens of nanometers is indispensable. Therefore, in order to realize such fine pattern processing, elemental technologies of each process such as a mask / stepper, exposure, resist material and the like are actively studied.
- phase shift mask For example, in the mask / stepper process, a special mask called a phase shift mask is used to provide a phase difference to the light and improve the precision of fine pattern processing by the effect of interference, or between the stepper lens and the wafer.
- An immersion technique that enables fine pattern processing by filling a liquid and largely refracting light that has passed through a lens has been studied.
- it is very difficult to reduce the manufacturing cost because the former requires an enormous cost for mask development and the latter requires an expensive apparatus.
- the intensity of the laser light normally focused by a lens shows a Gaussian distribution shape as shown in FIG.
- the spot diameter is defined as 1 / e 2 .
- the temperature of the object when an object is irradiated with laser light having the distribution shown in FIG. 8, the temperature of the object also shows the same Gaussian distribution as the intensity distribution of the laser light (see FIG. 9).
- a heat-reactive resist which is a resist that reacts at a certain temperature or higher, is used, as shown in FIG. It becomes. That is, a pattern finer than the spot diameter can be formed without shortening the wavelength of the exposure light source. Therefore, the influence of the wavelength of the exposure light source can be reduced by using the heat-reactive resist.
- a film having a thickness corresponding to the groove depth (hereinafter also referred to as an etching layer) to be formed under these heat-reactive resist films is formed in advance, and is exposed and developed to give a pattern shape.
- a method of forming a deep groove in a lower layer film using a reactive resist as a mask can be considered.
- processing by dry etching is used to uniformly etch in the depth direction.
- SiO 2 is used for the etching layer
- the resist material used as a mask is required to have resistance to dry etching of chlorofluorocarbon gas in addition to being capable of fine pattern processing.
- WOx and MoOx have been reported as examples of diverting a heat-reactive resist material that has been studied in the field of optical recording.
- These thermal reaction type resist when dry etching with fluorocarbon gases, the WOx disclosed, three times less than the etching resistance of the SiO 2 (the value obtained by dividing the etching rate of the SiO 2 at the etching rate of WOx)
- it is insufficient as a mask material for forming a deep groove (refer to Non-Patent Document 3 below).
- the latter induces agglomeration, nucleation, and decomposition action in the oxide material by heat, light, gas reaction, etc., forms a sea-island pattern, and then performs dry etching to form a deep groove.
- a random sea-island structure can be formed, and it is difficult to control the pattern size such as uniform unevenness and line-shaped fine patterns.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and is a heat-reactive resist material having high resistance to dry etching of a fluorocarbon gas for forming a pattern having a deep groove depth, and heat using the same.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a laminate for lithography and a method for producing a mold using them.
- the present inventors have found that a resist material containing an element selected from those having a boiling point of a main fluoride of 200 ° C. or higher is suitable for dry etching of chlorofluorocarbon gases.
- a heat-reactive resist material having high resistance was obtained, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention is a heat-reactive resist material used for dry etching using a fluorocarbon gas, and preferably contains at least one element whose main fluoride has a boiling point of 200 ° C. or higher.
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention preferably has both a heat-reacting region and a non-heat-reactive region within the laser spot diameter.
- incomplete oxide materials decomposable oxide materials, decomposable nitride materials, decomposable carbide materials, decomposable carbonate materials, decomposable sulfide materials, decomposable selenides It is preferable to contain any of a material, a meltable composite metal material, a phase change composite metal material, and an oxidizable composite metal material.
- a pattern can be formed by at least one of oxidation, decomposition, melting, and phase change.
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention contains an incomplete oxide, and the incomplete oxide is an incomplete oxide of an element selected from the group consisting of transition metals and Group XII to XV elements It is preferable.
- the incomplete oxide is Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Rh, Ag, Hf, Ta, Au, Al, Zn,
- An incomplete oxide of an element selected from the group consisting of Ga, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi is preferable.
- the incomplete oxide is an element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag, Ta, Au, Sn, Pb, and Bi.
- the incomplete oxide is preferable.
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention contains any one of a decomposable oxide, a decomposable nitride, a decomposable carbide, a decomposable carbonate, a decomposable sulfide, and a decomposable selenide,
- the oxide is an element selected from the group consisting of II, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI, XII, and XIV excluding Ag, Au and Pd
- the decomposable nitride is II, VI excluding Ag and Au.
- decomposable carbide decomposable carbonate, decomposable sulfide, decomposable selenide
- decomposable selenide is selected from II-IX group and XI-XV group
- a compound selected from elemental carbides, carbonates, sulfides, and selenides is preferred.
- the decomposable oxide is CuO, Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , CrO 3 , Cr 5 O 12 , PbO 2 , Pb 3 O 4 , TaO 2.
- the decomposable carbide is NdC 2 , Al 4 C 3
- the decomposable carbonate is MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , SrCO 3 , BaCO 3, ZnCO 3, CdCO 3, Ag 2 CO 3, PbCO 3, NiCO 3
- the decomposable nitrides are Zn 3 N 2, CrN, Cu 3 N, Fe 2 N, Mg 3 N 2
- the decomposable sulfide Is CuS, Ni 3 S 4 , FeS, FeS 2 , Fe 2 S 3 , SnS 2 , HfS 2 , TiS 2 , Rh 2 S 3 , RuS 2 , Bi 2 S 3 , Cr 2
- the decomposable selenide are CuSe, Bi 2 Se 3
- the decomposable oxide is CuO, Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , CrO 3 , Cr 5 O 12 , PbO 2 , Pb 3 O 4 , MgO 2.
- the decomposable carbonate is MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , SrCO 3 , BaCO 3
- the decomposable sulfide is CuS, FeS 2 , SnS 2 , HfS 2 , the decomposable selenide. Is preferably CuSe.
- the decomposable oxide is CuO, Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , CrO 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , BaO 2 , CaCO 3 , or the decomposable sulfide.
- the product is FeS 2 or SnS 2
- the decomposable selenide is CuSe.
- the meltable composite metal material, the phase change composite metal material, and the oxidizing composite metal material are Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, and Hf. , Nb, Ta, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Al, Ga, In, Sn, Pb, Sb, and Bi, a metal group ( ⁇ ), and V, Mo, W, Ge It is preferable that two kinds of metals selected from the group consisting of metal group ( ⁇ ) consisting of Se, Te and Te are contained, and at least one of the metals is selected from the metal group ( ⁇ ).
- the meltable composite metal material, the phase change composite metal material, and the oxidizable composite metal material are Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co , Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Al, Ga, In, Pb, Sb, and Bi, and a metal group ( ⁇ ) composed of V, Mo, W, Ge, and Te. It is preferable that two kinds of metals are selected and at least one of the metals is selected from the metal group ( ⁇ ).
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention preferably contains at least an intermetallic compound or a eutectic state.
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Zr, Zn, Ga, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, It is preferable that at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ta, W, Pt, Au, C and B is contained.
- the laminate for thermal lithography of the present invention includes a thermal reaction type resist layer mainly containing the thermal reaction type resist material, and an etching layer provided on the thermal reaction type resist layer, and constitutes the etching layer.
- the etching material to be used contains at least one element whose boiling point of the main fluoride is 250 ° C. or lower, and the boiling point of the main fluoride of the main element constituting the thermal reaction type resist material constitutes the etching material The boiling point of the main fluoride of the main element is preferably higher.
- the etching material is Ta, Mo, W, C, Si, Ge, Te, and P, and a composite of two or more of them, and oxides, nitrides thereof, A material selected from the group consisting of sulfides and carbonates is preferred.
- the etching material is selected from the group consisting of Ta, Si, Ge, and P and oxides, nitrides, sulfides, and carbonates thereof, and silicides of Mo and W.
- the material is selected from the group consisting of Ta, Si, Ge, and P and oxides, nitrides, sulfides, and carbonates thereof, and silicides of Mo and W.
- the material is selected from the group consisting of Ta, Si, Ge, and P and oxides, nitrides, sulfides, and carbonates thereof, and silicides of Mo and W.
- the material is selected from the group consisting of Ta, Si, Ge, and P and oxides, nitrides, sulfides, and carbonates thereof, and silicides of Mo and W.
- the material is selected from the group consisting of Ta, Si, Ge, and P and oxides, nitrides, sulfides, and carbonates thereof, and silicides of Mo and
- the etching material is a material selected from the group consisting of Ta, Si, Ge, and P and oxides and nitrides thereof.
- the etching material is most preferably a material selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , Si, and Si 3 N 4 .
- an etching layer made of the etching material used in the laminate for thermal lithography is disposed on a base material, and a resist made of the heat-reactive resist material is further formed on the etching layer.
- Step (1) of forming a laminated film by laminating layers Step (2) of developing after exposing the heat-reactive resist layer of the laminated film, and subsequently using the heat-reactive resist layer as a mask,
- the method includes a step (3) of dry-etching the etching layer with a fluorocarbon gas and a step (4) of removing the thermal reaction resist to manufacture a mold.
- the lamination in the step (1) is preferably performed using a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method or a CVD method.
- the substrate is preferably flat.
- the base material has a sleeve shape.
- the exposure in the step (2) is preferably performed with a semiconductor laser.
- the mold of the present invention is manufactured by the above-described mold manufacturing method.
- the mold of the present invention preferably has a fine pattern of 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- a heat-reactive resist material having high resistance to dry etching of a chlorofluorocarbon gas for forming a pattern having a deep groove depth, a laminate for thermal lithography using the same, and the use thereof A method for manufacturing a mold can be provided.
- the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention has high resistance to dry etching using a chlorofluorocarbon gas.
- fluorine activated in the vacuum chamber of the dry etching apparatus combines with the elements used in the resist to form fluoride.
- the fluoride has a relatively high vapor pressure (ie, when the fluoride has a relatively low boiling point)
- the fluoride vaporizes and disappears from the resist material, resulting in etching.
- the vapor pressure of the fluoride is relatively low (that is, when the boiling point of the fluoride is relatively high)
- the etching rate is slow or not etched because vaporization is difficult.
- the level of the vapor pressure is closely related to the boiling point of the fluoride.
- the present inventors have selected, as a heat-reactive resist material, an element having a boiling point of 200 ° C. or higher among the elements to be selected as a heat-reactive resist material.
- the resist material exhibits high resistance to dry etching treatment using a chlorofluorocarbon gas, and the effect was confirmed.
- chromium can have a valence of 0, 2, 3, or 6.
- CrF 2 , CrF 3 , and CrF 6 can be formed as chromium fluoride, but since the main valence of chromium is trivalent, the main fluoride of chromium refers to CrF 3 , The boiling point of the main fluoride refers to the boiling point of CrF 3 .
- the boiling point of the fluoride of the element constituting the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention is 200 ° C. or higher, preferably 250 ° C. or higher, more preferably 700 ° C. or higher, more preferably 800 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 950. It is above °C. As the boiling point of fluoride increases, the resistance to dry etching using a fluorocarbon gas increases. Table 1 below shows the boiling points of the fluorides of the elements constituting the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention (those having no boiling point are substituted with melting points). In addition, FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the boiling points of various metal fluorides disclosed in this specification and the dry etching rate with CF 4 gas. As suggested in FIG.
- the heat-reactive resist material can have high dry etching resistance by being composed of elements having a boiling point of fluoride of 200 ° C. or higher (the boiling point of fluoride is 200 ° C.). If it falls below, the dry etching rate increases exponentially).
- FIG. 1 shows the dry etching rate of a single metal, but the oxides, nitrides, carbides, carbonates, and selenides also greatly affect the dry etching rate of the metal contained in each compound. The trend is the same.
- the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention preferably has both a region that undergoes a thermal reaction and a region that does not undergo a heat reaction within the spot diameter (irradiation range) of the laser.
- the resist material since the resist material is focused not on the photoresist material but on the heat-reactive resist material, the resist material has both a region where the resist material reacts and a region where the resist material does not react within the laser light irradiation range. Have achieved.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the spot diameter (irradiation region) of laser light and the temperature distribution within the spot diameter when the heat-reactive resist material is irradiated with laser light. As shown in FIG.
- the spot diameter of the laser beam is centered on the focal point of the laser beam and the main surface of the resist material.
- the temperature distribution within the spot diameter of the laser beam becomes lower at the apex near the focal point of the laser beam and toward the outer periphery of the irradiation range.
- the vicinity of the focal point of the laser beam can be exposed by using a heat-reactive resist material that reacts at a predetermined temperature.
- the heat-reactive resist material have a region that reacts at a predetermined temperature or higher with respect to the temperature distribution generated within the laser spot diameter, it is possible to realize processing finer than the spot diameter. I have to.
- it can expose using the semiconductor laser which is small and cheap and does not require special incidental equipment.
- a short-wavelength semiconductor laser currently on the market has a wavelength of about 405 nm and a spot diameter of about 420 nm (numerical aperture: 0.85). For this reason, microfabrication of 420 nm or less is impossible in principle as long as a photoresist material is used.
- this limit can be exceeded by using a heat-reactive resist material, and the fine processing below the wavelength of the semiconductor laser can be achieved. Processing can be performed.
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention preferably contains a material that can be patterned by any one of oxidation, decomposition, melting, and phase change.
- the resist material selective fluoride according to the present invention has an oxidation
- materials that decompose, melt, and phase change can be selected as a heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention.
- materials that undergo oxidation, decomposition, melting, and phase change have higher uniform pattern controllability than materials that aggregate and sublimate, and are preferable as the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention, and more preferably oxidation, decomposition, and melting.
- Material This is because many phase change materials undergo a reaction at a relatively low temperature, and are sometimes susceptible to disturbance from the environment.
- Most preferred is a material that oxidizes and decomposes. This is because a material that oxidizes and decomposes is superior in a fine pattern shape (roughness or the like) as compared with a material that melts.
- Thermally reactive resist materials cause oxidation, decomposition, melting, and phase change, so that there is a physical and chemical difference between the part where the change occurred and the part where the change did not occur, and etching with a developer is performed. Since a difference in rate occurs, a desired fine pattern can be formed as a resist.
- the heat-reactive resist materials of the present invention there is an incomplete oxide material as a material that generates a development difference by oxidation, and a decomposable oxide material, a decomposable nitride material, and a decomposable carbide as materials that generate a development difference by decomposition.
- a decomposable oxide material, a decomposable nitride material, and a decomposable carbide as materials that generate a development difference by decomposition.
- an oxidizable composite metal material as a material that produces a development difference by oxidation.
- a desired fine pattern can be formed by using these materials.
- the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention preferably contains an incomplete oxide.
- the “incomplete oxide” means a stoichiometric composition corresponding to the valence that the element can take in an element selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and an XII group to XV group element.
- the oxygen content is less than that of the oxide. Due to the lack of oxygen compared to the stoichiometric composition, the element can further bind to oxygen.
- the oxidation reaction of the heating part proceeds, and a difference in oxidation degree occurs between the heating part and the non-heating part.
- a pattern can be formed by development using the difference in the degree of oxidation.
- the incomplete oxide used in the thermal resist material according to the present invention is deficient in oxygen to 20% or more as compared with the stoichiometric composition.
- one element can form oxides with different valences. In this case, a state in which the oxygen content is insufficient as compared with the oxide having the stoichiometric composition corresponding to the valence is also regarded as the incomplete oxide of the present invention.
- the element valence and oxygen amount can be analyzed by, for example, a fluorescent X-ray analyzer or an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer.
- the element used in the heat-reactive resist material comprising the incomplete oxide according to the present invention is selected from the elements of transition metals and XII to XV elements whose fluoride has a boiling point of 200 ° C. or higher.
- transition metals include Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Rh, Ag, Hf, Ta, and Au, and XII ⁇
- the XV group elements are Al, Zn, Ga, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi. More preferably, the transition metal includes Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag, Ta, and Au, and the XII to XV group elements include Sn, Pb, and Bi. Since these elements have a boiling point of 200 ° C. or higher for the fluoride of the element, they have high resistance to dry etching using a fluorocarbon gas.
- a desired fine pattern may be formed as described above as a requirement for the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention.
- a more preferable material group includes a material group Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Ag, Au, and Pb having excellent dry etching resistance, and thermal ⁇ described later. It is divided into material groups Nb, Ta, and Sn that are excellent in characteristics (ability to form a fine pattern).
- Thermally sensitive resist materials if the dry etching resistance is more important depending on the purpose (aspect ratio (value obtained by dividing the groove depth by the pattern width)), the fine pattern processing is more important It can be used properly in some cases.
- Cr, Nb, Ta, Sn, Pb, and Ti are materials having both the dry etching resistance and the thermal ⁇ characteristics in a well-balanced manner.
- any element has a boiling point of fluoride of 200 ° C. or more and has sufficient dry etching resistance
- an appropriate aspect can be obtained by using any element by appropriately selecting a combination with a dry etching material described later. Ratio can be achieved.
- the etching rate of these metals varies slightly depending on the type of gas used. Accordingly, it is also important to select an etching gas as appropriate.
- Nb can improve etching resistance by using CHF 3 .
- the heat-reactive resist material has about three times the etching resistance of the etching layer (for example, SiO 2 ). It can have the above etching resistance.
- the heat-reactive resist material functions as a mask for forming a deep groove, the etching layer can be etched, and a deep pattern shape of the groove can be formed. It becomes possible to form.
- the incomplete oxide used in the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention has oxygen vacancies, the crystal structure is likely to be indeterminate and an amorphous state is likely to be formed as compared with a state without oxygen vacancies. As described later, the amorphous state is preferable because the roughness of the edge of the fine pattern can be lowered. Furthermore, since the incomplete oxide material has a lower reflectance than the metal material, the heat absorption efficiency by exposure is often high, which is preferable.
- decomposable materials specifically decomposable oxide materials, decomposable nitride materials, decomposable carbide materials, decomposable carbonate materials, decomposable sulfides Material materials and degradable selenide materials will be described in detail.
- the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention is an element having a boiling point of fluoride of 200 ° C. or higher, and the above-described decomposable oxide material, decomposable nitride material, decomposable carbide material, decomposable carbonate material, It is preferable to contain a decomposable sulfide material and a decomposable selenide material.
- decomposable oxide materials oxides of elements selected from II, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI, XII, and XIV groups excluding Ag, Au, and Pd, and decomposable nitride materials, As nitrides, decomposable carbide materials, decomposable carbonate materials, decomposable sulfide materials, decomposable selenide materials of elements selected from the groups II, VI, VIII, XI and XII excluding Ag and Au, II It may be a material containing a compound selected from the group consisting of carbides, carbonates, sulfides and selenides of elements selected from Group IX and Group XI to XV. These decomposable materials have a dry etching resistance against chlorofluorocarbon gas, and can be controlled to form a fine pattern by decomposing the decomposable material by heating.
- the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention is characterized in that it contains at least one element having a boiling point of fluoride of 200 ° C. or higher, but is a decomposition containing at least one element having a boiling point of fluoride of 200 ° C. or higher.
- the decomposable material selected in the present invention preferably has a very steep decomposition behavior by heating, and preferably has a very small temperature range from the temperature at which decomposition starts to the end of decomposition. That is, if the temperature difference from the start to the end of decomposition is ⁇ T, ⁇ T is preferably very small.
- the thermal reaction type resist material according to the present invention has a thermal ⁇ characteristic. It is preferable that the material is very excellent.
- the thermal ⁇ characteristic As shown in FIG. 2, only the portion where the thermal ⁇ characteristic reaches a predetermined temperature reacts steeply, that is, in the case of a degradable heat-reactive resist material, the steep decomposition proceeds and the development proceeds. A difference in development at the time tends to occur, and a fine pattern can be formed.
- the determination of the thermal ⁇ characteristic can be confirmed by, for example, measuring a change in weight with respect to temperature (TG measurement).
- oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulfides, and selenides are, for example, oxides, and complete oxides and oxides in which oxygen is slightly removed are also related to the present invention.
- the state of the starting material does not need to be highly controlled as long as it is included in the category of complete oxide and decomposes by laser exposure.
- the incomplete oxide increases the degree of oxidation of the heated portion by heating, creates a difference in the degree of oxidation, and gives a development difference to enable pattern formation.
- the degradable material is a degradable oxide
- heating causes decomposition of the heated portion, reduces the degree of oxidation of the heated portion, creates a difference in the degree of oxidation, and gives a difference in development. Allows formation. Therefore, the degradable material is completely different from the development mechanism of the incomplete oxide material and the heat-reactive resist material.
- the degradable material is not a major problem with respect to the degree of oxidation as long as it is in a state of being decomposed by laser exposure.
- the degree of oxidation is described, it is difficult to decompose in a state in which oxidation proceeds by heating, that is, in an incomplete oxide state. It can be defined as a state where oxygen is higher than the ratio.
- the decomposable heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention is selected from materials having good thermal ⁇ characteristics.
- a decomposable oxide CuO, Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , CrO 3 , Cr 5 O 12 , PbO 2 , Pb 3 O 4 , TaO 2 , Rh 2 O 3 , RuO 2 , MgO 2 , CaO 2 , BaO 2 , ZnO 2 are exemplified, and decomposable carbides include NdC 2 , al 4 C 3.
- degradable carbonate MgCO 3, CaCO 3, SrCO 3, BaCO 3, ZnCO 3, CdCO 3, Ag 2 CO 3, PbCO 3, NiCO 3 , and the like
- biodegradable nitride as, Zn 3 N 2, CrN, Cu 3 N, Fe 2 N, Mg 3 N 2
- decomposable sulfide CuS, Ni 3 S 4, FeS, FeS 2, F 2 S 3, SnS 2, HfS 2, TiS 2, Rh 2 S 3, RuS 2, Bi 2 S 3, Cr 2 S 3, GaS
- the compound include CuSe, Bi 2 Se 3 , FeSe, and GaSe, and preferably CuO, Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , CrO 3 , Cr 5 O 12 , PbO 2 , Pb 3 O 4.
- a MnO 2, Mn 2 O 3, CrO 3, Pb 3 O 4, BaO 2, CaCO 3, FeS 2, SnS 2, CuSe further Preferably, CuO, Co 3 O 4, MnO 2, Mn 2 O 3, CrO 3, Pb 3 O 4, a BaO 2.
- These materials have very good thermal ⁇ properties.
- the oxidation degree, nitridation degree, carbonization degree, carbonation degree, sulfidation degree, and selenization degree of the material fall within the category of the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention as long as they are decomposed by laser exposure as described above. included.
- the decomposition of the decomposable material in the present invention means that when the decomposable material reaches a certain temperature (decomposition temperature) by heating, the decomposable material changes compared to before reaching a certain temperature.
- a certain temperature decomposition temperature
- the decomposable material changes compared to before reaching a certain temperature.
- sulfide in the case of sulfide, in the case of releasing part or all of the sulfur contained in the decomposable material, or with the release of sulfur. This refers to changes in which oxidation proceeds.
- the decomposable heat-reactive resist material of the present invention is most preferably CuO, Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , CrO 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , BaO 2 .
- These heat-reactive resist materials are a group of decomposable materials that have excellent development characteristics (a large difference in development between exposed and unexposed areas) as well as the above characteristics. As very good.
- the decomposable material used for the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention is easy to manufacture because it does not require precise control of the degree of oxidation compared to incomplete oxide. Furthermore, since many of the decomposable materials change their structures before and after the decomposition, a difference in development before and after the decomposition is likely to occur, and handling in manufacturing becomes easy.
- FeS 2, of SnS 2, BaO 2 is a peroxide
- CaCO 3 is carbonates, sulfides Compared with FeS 2 and SnS 2
- Mn 2 O 3 , CuO, Co 3 O 4 , and Pb 3 O 4 that are oxides are preferable because they are very stable with time.
- the melt-responsive, phase-changeable, and oxidizing heat-reactive resist material used in the present invention has excellent dry etching resistance and also has excellent resist characteristics. That is, by exposing with a laser, it is possible to form a fine pattern by melting, phase change and oxidation.
- the heat-reactive resist material can form a fine pattern by absorbing energy irradiated by laser exposure as heat energy and undergoing a physical change and / or a chemical change.
- the meltable composite metal material the phase change composite metal material, and the oxidizable composite metal material will be described in detail.
- the metal used for the meltable composite metal material, the phase change composite metal material, and the oxidizable composite metal material according to the present invention is a group of metals having a boiling point of fluoride of 200 ° C. or higher, that is, a fluorine-based gas.
- the fluoride can have resistance to a dry etching process using a fluorine-based gas. Therefore, by using these metal materials, it functions as a mask for forming a deep groove, the etching layer can be etched, and a deep pattern shape of the groove can be formed.
- the metal group ( ⁇ ) is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga.
- In, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, and the metal group ( ⁇ ) is preferably composed of V, Mo, W, Ge, Se, Te, and the metal group ( ⁇ ) is Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, It is further composed of Ta, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, In, Pb, Sb, Bi, and the metal group ( ⁇ ) is composed of V, Mo, W, Ge, Te. It is preferable.
- the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention contains two types of metals selected from the group ( ⁇ ) and the group ( ⁇ ), and at least one of the metals is from the group ( ⁇ ). Preferably it is selected. Furthermore, when selected from the group ( ⁇ ) only, In—Sb, Sn—Sb, Cr—Sb, Ga—Sb, In—Sn, Ni—Sn, Al—Sn, Bi—Sn, Sn—Pb Ni—Bi, Zn—Sb, Ni—Cr, Ni—Nb, Al—Ni, Cu—Zr, and Ag—Zn, each selected from the group ( ⁇ ) and the group ( ⁇ ).
- Ge—Sb, Sb—Te, Bi—Te, Ni—W, Zn—Te, Pb—Te, Mo—Nb, W—Nb, Cr—Mo, and Cu—V are preferable.
- the meltable, phase changeable, and oxidative heat-reactive resist material used in the present invention has a meltable material of Bi—Te, Sb—Te, In—Sn, Ni—Sn, Al—Sn, Mo—Nb, Ag. -Zn, Bi-Sn, Ni-Cr, Ni-Nb, Al-Ni, Cu-Zr, Ni-W, Pb-Te, W-Nb, Cr-Mo, and the oxidizing material is Ni-Bi, Cu- V, Bi—Te, Sn—Pb, Sn—Sb, Cr—Sb, In—Sn, Ni—Sn, Al—Sn, Mo—Nb, Ag—Zn, Bi—Sn, Ni—Cr, Ni—Nb, Al—Ni, Cu—Zr, Ni—W, Pb—Te, W—Nb, Cr—Mo, Ga—Sb, phase change materials Ge—Sb, In—Sb, Ga—Sb, Zn—Te, Zn —
- the resist material contains the metal selected from the group ( ⁇ ), so that the resist material is resistant to dry etching. It can have both excellent resist characteristics and excellent dry etching resistance.
- higher dry etching resistance is regarded as important, that is, when the aspect ratio is emphasized, it is preferable to use a metal selected from only the dry etching resistance group ( ⁇ ) as the resist material.
- the composition of the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention is preferably at least an intermetallic compound or a eutectic state.
- the composition of the metal compound or eutectic in the present invention means a composition that substantially forms an intermetallic compound or eutectic, and does not deteriorate the resist characteristics within the range of the composition forming the intermetallic compound or eutectic. If so, there may be a composition shift.
- Intermetallic compounds or eutectic compositions are described in metal data books, Metallurgical and Metallurgical Engineering Series, and the like.
- 3 or more types of metals are also considered as a composite metal, since it becomes easy to produce a composition shift
- the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention includes (I) In 5 Sb 95 , In 32 Sb 68 , In 68 Sb 32 , In 1 Sb 99 , Sn 50 Sb 50 , Cr 50 Sb 50 , Ga 50 Sb 50 , Ga 40 Sb 60 , Ga 30 Sb 70 , Ga 20 Sb 80 , Ga 12 Sb 88 , Ga 10 Sb 90 , In 47 Sn 53 , In 53 Sn 47 , Ni 80.7 Sn 19.3 , Al 2 .2 Sn 97.8 , Bi 43 Sn 57 , Sn 26 Pb 74 , Sn 25 Pb 75 , Sn 74 Pb 26 , Ni 50 Bi 50 , Ni 40 Bi 60 , Ni 60 Bi 40 , Ni 70 Bi 30 , Ni 80 B 20, Ni 90 Bi 10, Zn 32 Sb 68, Ni 50 Cr 50, Ni 83.8 Nb 16.
- These materials (I) are excellent in dry etching resistance because the metal selected from the group ( ⁇ ) is at least 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70% or more, 80% or more, most Preferably it is 100%. By increasing the content of the metal selected from the group ( ⁇ ), the dry etching resistance is increased.
- the thermal reaction type resist material of the present invention (II) Sb 40 Te 60 , Bi 10 Te 90, Cu 8.6 V 91.4, Cu 13.6 V 86.4, Cu 18.6 V 81.
- a combination of metal species represented by 4 is preferable.
- These materials (II) contain less than 50 mol% of the metal selected from the group ( ⁇ ), but there is a possibility of forming an intermetallic compound or eutectic composition by making an alloy among the group ( ⁇ ). Resist properties are maintained by choosing a high metal.
- the composite metal material used for the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention does not require the addition of a reactive gas such as O 2 when the resist layer is manufactured by sputtering or the like, and the film formation conditions can be easily controlled. Therefore, it is preferable in production.
- the heat-reactive resist material includes Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Zr, Zn, Ga, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, It is preferable that at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ta, W, Pt, Au, C and B is contained. By containing these elements, the heat-reactive resist material is likely to be amorphous, so that the resist characteristics can be improved.
- the oxidizing, decomposable, meltable, and phase change heat-reactive resist material used in the present invention has an oxidation temperature, decomposition temperature, melting temperature, or phase change temperature of 150 ° C. or higher and 2500 ° C. or lower. It is preferable that
- the oxidation temperature, decomposition temperature, melting temperature, and phase change temperature are preferably somewhat different from room temperature in order to make it less susceptible to thermal disturbance from the environment.
- 150 ° C. or higher is preferable.
- the adjacent portion of the spot heated to the reaction temperature has a temperature difference from room temperature. Since it is sufficiently large, heat is not transmitted, and as a result, it can be changed without interfering with an adjacent exposure portion.
- the temperature is 2500 ° C.
- the oxidation temperature, decomposition temperature, melting temperature, and phase change temperature are all preferably 150 ° C. or higher and 2500 ° C. or lower, more preferably in the range of 150 ° C. to 2000 ° C., and still more preferably in the range of 200 ° C. to 1800 ° C.
- the range is particularly preferably from 250 ° C to 1500 ° C, and most preferably from 250 ° C to 1200 ° C.
- the reaction temperature of the resist material when the reaction temperature of the resist material is set to 250 ° C. or higher, it becomes considerably less susceptible to the thermal influence of disturbance during exposure. On the other hand, when the temperature is 1200 ° C. or lower, a low-power exposure apparatus can be used. As a result, there are advantages in manufacturing such that the selection range of the device is widened and the power consumption can be reduced.
- the decomposition temperatures of the degradable materials are listed in Table 2. Since these materials are within the aforementioned temperature range, they can have excellent characteristics as resist materials.
- the film thickness of the oxidative, decomposable, meltable, and phase change thermally responsive resist material used in the present invention is preferably 1 nm to 200 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, and even more preferably 1 nm. It is not less than 80 nm, most preferably not less than 1 nm and not more than 60 nm, and most preferably not less than 1 nm and not more than 40 nm. As the film thickness of the heat-reactive resist material is thinner, the uniformity in the film thickness direction by exposure can be maintained, so that the processing accuracy of the fine pattern is improved.
- the oxidative, decomposable, meltable, and phase change heat-reactive resist material used in the present invention has a light absorption rate of 10% (@ 405 nm) or more and 100% or less (@ 405 nm). preferable.
- the light absorption rate is 10% (@ 405 nm) or more, the energy of exposure is easily absorbed by the resist material, and the temperature is easily raised to a desired temperature. Thus, the larger one is preferable regarding the light absorption rate.
- the light absorption rate means a value obtained by subtracting the transmittance (%) and the reflectance (%) measured by UV-Vis measurement or the like from 100%.
- a method of adding other elements to the selected resist material is employed for the purpose of further improving the resist characteristics.
- Si is selected as the additive, it is possible to quickly capture oxygen generated during the decomposition, promote the decomposition reaction of copper oxide, and improve the resist characteristics.
- an additive material that forms a complex with the resist material and the additive material and is decomposed at an appropriate temperature is selected, the decomposition proceeds slightly before the resist material is decomposed. As a result, it is possible to suppress the exudation of heat in the lateral direction of the portion, and as a result, it is possible to achieve steep decomposition characteristics.
- Elements that can be added to the heat-reactive resist material in the present invention include Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Sr, and Y. Nb, Mo, Zr, Zn, Ga, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Ir, Pt, Au, Pb, Bi, La, Ce , Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, C, and B, and at least one material selected from oxides, nitrides, and carbides thereof are preferable, and Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ca are preferable.
- Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Hf At least one material selected from the group consisting of oxides of Ta, W, Pb, and Bi. Most preferably, it is at least one material selected from the group consisting of oxides of Al, Si, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga, Mo, In, Ta, and Bi.
- the following elements can be exemplified as elements that can easily achieve an amorphous state.
- the elements that can be added include transition metal elements Ti, V, Mo, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, or XII to XV.
- Group elements C, Al, Zn, Ga, Si, C, Sb, Pb and Bi are preferred.
- the reason why the amorphous state is preferable in the film formation stage and the exposure stage is that when there is a crystal in the exposed or unexposed area, the boundary between the part that dissolves by development and the part that does not dissolve tends to be unclear, This is because a clear pattern is difficult to obtain. Note that an amorphous state in the present invention is used as long as it is in a fine crystal state that does not obscure the boundary between the dissolved portion and the undissolved portion.
- a method of adding another element to a selected element can be employed as a means for bringing the resist material having oxidizing property, decomposability, melting property, and phase change property used in the present invention into an amorphous state.
- a combination of cobalt oxide and silicon oxide added at 0.5 at% or more and 40 at% or less, more preferably 1 at% or more and 30 at% or less, and further preferably 2 at% or more and 20 at% or less.
- resist materials have excellent ⁇ characteristics and can form fine patterns.
- the decomposable material is preferably selected from any of Mn 2 O 3 , CuO, Co 3 O 4 , Pb 3 O 4 , BaO 2 , CaCO 3 , FeS 2 , and SnS 2 .
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention can be used so as to be formed on an etching layer.
- the laminate for thermal lithography is a laminate in which a thermal reaction type resist layer made of a thermal reaction type resist material and an etching layer are laminated, and the etching material constituting the etching layer is made of a main fluoride.
- the boiling point of the main fluoride of the main element constituting the etching material is higher than the boiling point of the main element constituting the etching material. It is characterized by that.
- the aspect ratio of a fine pattern is at least 1, preferably 1.4 or more, more preferably 2 or more, and still more preferably. It is required to be 3 or more, and sometimes 10 or more is required.
- the ability to freely select the aspect ratio increases the degree of freedom in optical design. For this reason as well, it is essential that the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention has high resistance to dry etching.
- the dry etching layer is preferably made of a material having a faster dry etching rate than the resist layer.
- the etching material constituting the etching layer is composed of oxide, nitride, sulfide, carbide, and silicide of one or more materials selected from elements selected and elements having a boiling point of less than 250 ° C. It is preferable. This can be referred to the index used when the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention is developed.
- an etching material having a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and lower than 250 ° C. it is necessary to select a material having higher etching resistance than that of the etching material.
- the selection of the material for the etching layer needs to be considered based on the selection and set of the thermal reaction type resist layer. That is, the etching material is required to have a dry etching rate that is faster than that of the heat-reactive resist layer, and is preferably 3 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more in terms of etching rate. Furthermore, the adhesiveness with a resist layer or a board
- the heat-reactive resist material is also composed of an element having a boiling point of fluoride of 200 ° C. or more, so that the dry etching resistance is very good. It is necessary to select the materials by comprehensively judging them.
- the etching material according to the present invention is made of Ta, Mo, W, C, Si, Ge, Te, and P, a composite of two or more of them, and oxides, nitrides, and carbonates thereof.
- the thermal reaction type resist material has Cr 1 as an incomplete oxide material.
- the resist layer and the etching layer are required to have planar smoothness at a level that does not affect the fine pattern shape.
- the etching materials listed here can be easily flattened, for example, by reducing the sputtering pressure under film formation conditions. The combination of these thermally reactive resist materials and etching layers has the ability to form fine patterns. Is very characteristic.
- any one of In 32 Sb 68 , In 5 Sb 95 , Ga 50 Sb 50 , Ni 50 Bi 50 , Ni 70 Bi 30 , and Zn 32 Sb 68 is selected from the etching material.
- Ta, Si, Ge, P and those It is preferable to be selected from oxides and nitrides.
- All the resist materials are selected from materials that are extremely excellent in dry etching resistance, so that it is possible to cope with pattern formation that makes the groove depth very deep.
- fluorocarbon gas used for dry etching when etching the etching layer of the laminate for thermal lithography is not particularly limited, CF 4 , CHF 3 , CH 2 F 2 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 Fluorocarbons such as F 8 , C 4 F 6 , C 4 F 8 , C 4 F 10 , C 5 F 10 , SF 6 , and CCl 2 F 2 can be used. May be used.
- these gases are mixed with O 2 , H 2 , Ar, N 2 , CO, etc., and HBr, NF 3 , SF 6 , CF 3 Br, HCl, HI, BBr 3 , BCl 3 , Cl 2 , SiCl 4 and a gas obtained by mixing Ar, O 2 , H 2 , N 2 , CO, or the like with these gas are also included in the range of the fluorocarbon gas in the present invention.
- the resistance of the resist mask and the etching direction of the etching layer can be controlled by optimizing the conditions such as the type, composition and etching temperature of the etching gas. For example, by controlling the molar ratio of F and C of the Freon gas to be used, a fluorocarbon film is formed on the heat-reactive resist layer (functioning as a resist protective layer) to improve the resistance of the resist mask. There is a method of increasing or decreasing the etching rate of the etching layer and the thermal reaction type resist layer by controlling the degree of dissociation of the chlorofluorocarbon gas by adding Ar.
- the shape of the mold according to the present invention may be a flat plate shape or a sleeve (roll, drum) shape.
- Many molds used for optical disc masters and nanoimprints are small and have a flat plate shape, and can therefore be transferred by a simple apparatus.
- When transferring to a large area it is necessary to make a large mold, but it is necessary to apply a uniform pattern to the entire surface of the large mold, to apply a uniform pressing pressure to the entire mold surface during transfer, There are problems such as clean release.
- the sleeve shape has a feature that a pattern can be transferred over a large area, but it is very difficult to form a pattern of a submicron size (less than 1 ⁇ m) using laser processing or machining method (see above). (Refer nonpatent literature 4).
- Step (1) An etching layer containing an etching material used in the laminated body for thermal lithography is arranged on a flat plate or sleeve-shaped substrate, and the thermal reaction type according to the present invention described above is further formed on the etching layer.
- a resist layer is formed to form a laminated film.
- Step (2) The heat-reactive resist layer is exposed, and the exposed portion (or unexposed portion) is developed.
- Step (3) Using the thermally-reactive resist after development as a mask, the etching layer is dry-etched using a fluorocarbon gas to form a fine pattern.
- Step (4) The heat-reactive resist is removed to produce a mold.
- the heat-reactive resist material used in the mold manufacturing method according to the present invention may be a single layer or a multilayer structure in which several resist layers are combined. It should be noted that the type of resist to be selected can be appropriately changed according to the process, required processing accuracy, and the like within the range where the effects of the present invention are achieved.
- the processing depth of the pattern can be freely controlled by providing an etching layer, and the thickness of the heat-reactive resist layer can be selected to an optimum thickness for processing. become able to. That is, the processing depth can be freely controlled by controlling the thickness of the etching layer. Further, since the processing depth can be controlled by the etching layer, the heat-reactive resist layer may have a thickness that can be easily exposed and developed.
- the resist layer composed of the heat-reactive resist material may be a single layer, and as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of (two layers in FIG. 3) resist layers are combined.
- a multilayer structure (a structure in which the etching layer 2 is formed on the substrate 1 and the first resist layer 3a and the second resist layer 3b are sequentially formed on the etching layer 2) may be used. Note that the type of resist to be selected can be changed as appropriate depending on the process, required processing accuracy, and the like.
- a heat absorption layer can be laminated on the heat-reactive resist layer, and this role is to widen the selection range of light absorption characteristics in the heat-reactive resist.
- an etching layer 2 may be formed on the substrate 1, a resist layer 3 may be formed on the etching layer 2, and a heat absorption layer 4 may be formed on the resist layer 3.
- an etching layer 2 may be formed on the substrate 1, a heat absorption layer 4 may be formed on the etching layer 2, and a resist layer 3 may be formed on the heat absorption layer 4. .
- a heat-resisting resist has many materials that absorb in a wide wavelength range, but some materials do not have optical absorption near the wavelength of a semiconductor laser, for example, around 405 nm. In that case, by absorbing the energy of the semiconductor laser in the heat absorption layer and converting it into heat, the heat-reactive resist can be reacted with the heat.
- a material having light absorptivity in the wavelength region of a semiconductor laser for example, C, Mg, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu Zn, Ge, Se, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb, and Bi, and alloys thereof are preferable. It may be an oxide, nitride, sulfide, carbide, or a mixture thereof.
- the heat-reactive resist layer can have a heat insulation design or a heat radiation design.
- heat insulation design will be described. This has the effect of preventing the dissipation of thermal energy in the portion heated by irradiation with the semiconductor laser.
- a base material is produced with a metal, glass, etc. which are rich in workability.
- metal and glass have high thermal conductivity, a phenomenon occurs in which the thermal energy of the portion heated by the semiconductor laser irradiation escapes to the base material. Therefore, in order to raise the temperature of the exposed portion to the reaction temperature of the heat-reactive resist, a semiconductor laser with a larger output is required.
- Increasing the output of a semiconductor laser is not preferable because it leads to an increase in the size of optical components and a reduction in laser life.
- Providing a heat insulating layer on the substrate side prevents heat dissipation and makes it possible to use the energy of the semiconductor laser more efficiently.
- the design is performed when it is necessary to release heat from the heat-reactive resist material as soon as possible.
- the heat dissipation design is performed when the reaction by heat proceeds in a wider area than the spot shape of the heat reaction by exposure due to heat generation.
- the film formation using a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method or a CVD method is preferable. Since the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention can be processed with a fine pattern of several tens of nanometers, depending on the fine pattern size, the film thickness distribution of the heat-reactive resist material at the time of film formation and the unevenness of the surface are extremely high. It can be considered to have a big influence on Therefore, in order to reduce these effects as much as possible, film formation methods such as sputtering, vapor deposition, and CVD are more difficult than film formation methods such as coating methods and spray methods that are somewhat difficult to control film thickness uniformity. It is preferable to form a heat-reactive resist material.
- Examples of lasers used for exposure in the present invention include excimer lasers such as KrF and ArF lasers, semiconductor lasers, electron beams, and X-rays.
- excimer lasers such as KrF and ArF lasers
- semiconductor lasers electron beams
- X-rays and X-rays.
- excimer lasers such as KrF and ArF lasers
- the heat-reactive resist material of the present invention can sufficiently form a fine pattern even with a semiconductor laser. Since it can be formed, the laser used in the present invention is preferably a semiconductor laser.
- an acid and / or alkali solution and / or a complexing agent and an organic solvent can be used.
- an acid solution hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, hydrofluoric acid, ammonium nitrate, etc.
- an alkaline solution sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, ammonia, TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide)
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- a general solution such as a solution of oxalic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and a salt thereof can be used alone or as a mixed solution.
- a potential adjusting agent such as hydrogen peroxide or manganese peroxide
- a method may be employed in which development is first performed with an acid developer and then developed with an alkali developer to achieve the desired development.
- the apparatus used for the dry etching process is not particularly limited as long as it can introduce a fluorocarbon gas in a vacuum, can form plasma, and can perform an etching process.
- An RIE apparatus, an ICP apparatus, or the like can be used.
- the gas type, time, power, etc. for performing the dry etching treatment can be appropriately determined depending on the type of resist material, the type of etching layer, the thickness of the etching layer, the etching rate of the etching layer, and the like.
- the method for removing the heat-reactive resist material is not particularly limited as long as the etching layer is not affected. For example, wet etching, dry etching, or the like can be used.
- a mold having a fine pattern in the range of 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m can be manufactured by using these mold manufacturing methods.
- Example 1 Cr 1-x O x , Nb 1-x O x , Ta 1-x O x , and Ti 1-x O x were selected as thermal reaction resist materials for transition metals. Also the etching layer was selected SiO 2.
- a film having a thickness of 350 nm was formed on a 50 mm ⁇ glass flat plate substrate by a sputtering method using a SiO 2 target under the conditions shown in Table 3 below.
- a Cr 1-x O x film having a thickness of 40 nm was formed under the conditions shown in Table 3 using a Cr target.
- SiO 2 having a film thickness of 350 nm is formed, and then the conditions in Table 3 are used.
- Nb 1-x O x , Ta 1-x O x , and Ti 1-x O x were deposited.
- the deposited heat-reactive resist materials were analyzed from the ratio of each metal to oxide by fluorescent X-rays, and the x values shown in Table 3 were obtained. Moreover, when only each thermal reaction type resist material was formed into a film and XRD analysis was performed on the same conditions as the above, it was amorphous that a clear diffraction pattern was not obtained in all the materials.
- the resist layer formed as described above was exposed under the following conditions.
- Semiconductor laser wavelength for exposure 405 nm
- Lens numerical aperture 0.85
- Exposure laser power 1mW ⁇ 10mW
- Feed pitch 150 nm to 350 nm
- the shape to be formed may be an isolated circular or elliptical shape depending on the intended application, and the present invention is not limited by the exposure shape.
- the heat-reactive resist exposed by the exposure machine was developed.
- development by a wet process was applied.
- acid or alkali, or those obtained by adding a potential adjusting agent or a surfactant to them can be used, and development of each heat-reactive resist was performed under the conditions shown in Table 4 below.
- SiO 2 was etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed using CF 4 as an etching gas under conditions of a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 400 W, and a processing time of 15 minutes. After the etching, the surface shape and the cross-sectional shape were observed again with an SEM (scanning electron microscope), and the etching layer depth (nm) and resist film thickness (nm) having the aspect ratios shown in Table 4 were observed. The pattern was formed reflecting the width shape of the mask, and the shape of the mask was maintained without being etched.
- Example 2 Sn 1-x O x and Pb 1-x O x were selected as thermal reaction resist materials for XII to XV group elements. These thermal reaction type resists were also formed on the SiO 2 film having a thickness of 350 nm in the same manner as in Example 1 under the conditions shown in Table 3.
- SiO 2 was etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. After the etching, the surface shape and the cross-sectional shape were observed again with an SEM (scanning electron microscope), and the etching layer depth (nm) and the resist film thickness (nm) forming the aspect ratio shown in Table 4 were observed. The pattern was formed reflecting the width shape of the mask, and the shape of the mask was maintained without being etched.
- Example 3 Film formation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Cr 1-x O x was selected as the thermal reaction resist material for the transition metal and Te 1-x O x was selected as the etching layer, and exposure and development were performed. .
- the film formation conditions for Te 1-x O x are shown in Table 3.
- Te 1-x O x was etched by dry etching using the thermal reaction resist as a mask.
- the dry etching was performed using CF 4 as an etching gas, a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 400 W, and a processing time of 20 minutes.
- the surface shape and the cross-sectional shape were observed again with an SEM (scanning electron microscope), and the etching layer depth (nm) and the resist film thickness (nm) forming the aspect ratio shown in Table 4 were observed.
- the pattern was formed reflecting the width shape of the mask, and the shape of the mask was maintained without being etched.
- Example 4 Sn 1-x O x was selected as a heat-reactive resist material for group XII to XV elements. Also the etching layer was selected SiO 2.
- the film formation was performed on a sleeve-like substrate (Al hollow cylinder having an inner diameter of ⁇ 58 mm and an outer diameter of ⁇ 60 mm) instead of the flat plate substrate used in Example 1. During film formation, sputtering was performed by rotating the sleeve in order to deposit the film uniformly.
- the deposited thermal reaction type resist Sn 1-x O x was amorphous with a film thickness of 40 nm and an x value of 0.17.
- the sleeve thus prepared was exposed under the following conditions.
- Semiconductor laser wavelength for exposure 405 nm
- Lens numerical aperture 0.85
- Exposure laser power 1mW ⁇ 10mW
- Feed pitch 150 nm to 350 nm
- Rotation speed 700rpm
- SiO 2 was etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. During the etching, the sleeve was rotated in order to perform the etching uniformly.
- the surface shape was transferred to a film using a UV curable resin using a mold obtained by removing only the heat-reactive resist from the sleeve.
- Example 1 Element W having a boiling point of fluoride of 200 ° C. or less was selected, and WOx was used as a thermal reaction resist. Each of the WOx resists was formed on the SiO 2 film having a thickness of 350 nm as in Example 1 under the conditions shown in Table 3.
- SiO 2 was etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. When the surface shape and the cross-sectional shape were observed again with an SEM (scanning electron microscope) after the etching, the resist disappeared, and a clear uneven pattern was not observed.
- SiO 2 —ZnS was etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. When the surface shape and the cross-sectional shape were observed again with an SEM (scanning electron microscope) after etching, the pillar-like etching residue was observed, and uniform etching was not achieved. When the pillar-shaped tip was analyzed by EDX, a signal attributed to Zn was observed. Since the etching layer contained Zn having a very high boiling point of fluoride, it was considered that Zn could not be etched and uniform etching could not be performed because it worked as a mask.
- Example 5 CuO, Co 3 O 4 , Mn 2 O 3 , and Pb 3 O 4 were selected as the heat-reactive resist material.
- An SiO 2 layer was selected as the etching layer.
- a film having a thickness of 350 nm was formed on a 50 mm ⁇ glass flat plate substrate by a sputtering method using a SiO 2 target under the conditions shown in Table 5 below.
- Mn 2 O 3 was deposited to a thickness of 40 nm under the conditions shown in Table 5 using a Mn 2 O 3 target.
- SiO 2 having a thickness of 350 nm is formed, and then CuO, Co 3 O 4 , Pb 3 under the conditions shown in Table 5 are used. O 4 films were formed respectively.
- the resist layer formed as described above was exposed under the following conditions.
- Semiconductor laser wavelength for exposure 405 nm
- Lens numerical aperture 0.85
- Exposure laser power 1mW ⁇ 10mW
- Feed pitch 150 nm to 350 nm
- the shape to be formed may be an isolated circular or elliptical shape depending on the intended application, and the present invention is not limited by the exposure shape.
- the heat-reactive resist exposed by the exposure machine was developed.
- development by a wet process was applied.
- acid, alkali, or those obtained by adding a potential adjusting agent or a surfactant to them can be used, and development of each heat-reactive resist was performed under the conditions shown in Table 6 below.
- SiO 2 was etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask.
- the dry etching was performed using CF 4 as an etching gas, a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 400 W, and a processing time of 10 minutes.
- Example 6 BaO 2 and CaCO 3 were selected as the thermal reaction type resist material. These heat-reactive resists are formed by forming a 350 nm-thick SiO 2 film under the same conditions as in Example 5 and forming a heat-absorbing layer made of C thereon to a thickness of 20 nm. Was formed under the conditions shown in Table 5. Separately, under the same conditions as described above, only each heat-reactive resist material was deposited and subjected to XRD analysis. As a result, clear diffraction patterns were not obtained for all materials and were amorphous.
- the resist layer formed as described above was exposed in the same manner as in Example 5. Subsequently, the heat-reactive resist exposed by the exposure machine was developed. Development was performed in the same manner as in Example 5 under the conditions shown in Table 6.
- the C layer and the SiO 2 layer were etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask.
- dry etching of C was performed with O 2 gas.
- the SiO 2 dry etching was performed under the same conditions as in Example 5 except that the treatment time was changed to 15 minutes.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 7 Film formation was performed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that FeS 2 and SnS 2 were selected as the heat-reactive resist material and Si 3 N 4 was selected as the etching layer, and exposure and development were performed. Table 5 shows the film forming conditions of FeS 2 and SnS 2 .
- Si 3 N 4 was etched by dry etching using the thermal reaction resist as a mask.
- the dry etching was performed using CHF 3 as an etching gas, a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 400 W, and a processing time of 15 minutes.
- a uniform fine pattern with an etching layer depth (nm) having the aspect ratio shown in Table 6 was observed, and the etching layer was A pattern was formed reflecting the width of the mask.
- Example 8 CuO was selected as the heat-reactive resist material. Also the etching layer was selected SiO 2.
- the film formation was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 using a sleeve-like substrate (Al hollow cylinder having an inner diameter of ⁇ 58 mm and an outer diameter of ⁇ 60 mm) instead of the flat substrate used in Example 5. During film formation, sputtering was performed by rotating the sleeve in order to deposit the film uniformly. The deposited thermal reaction type resist CuO was amorphous.
- the sleeve thus prepared was exposed under the following conditions.
- Semiconductor laser wavelength for exposure 405 nm
- Lens numerical aperture 0.85
- Exposure laser power 1mW ⁇ 10mW
- Feed pitch 150 nm to 350 nm
- Rotation speed 700rpm
- SiO 2 was etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed under the same conditions as in Example 5. During the etching, the sleeve was rotated in order to perform the etching uniformly. Thereafter, the surface shape was transferred to a film using a UV curable resin using a mold obtained by removing only the heat-reactive resist from the sleeve.
- Example 9 CuO and Si (co-sputtering method) were selected as targets for producing the heat-reactive resist layer by sputtering.
- SiO 2 was selected as a target for producing the etching layer by sputtering.
- an etching layer was formed to a thickness of 300 nm on a 50 mm ⁇ glass flat plate substrate under the conditions shown in Table 7 below. Subsequently, a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 7 using CuO and a Si target.
- the ratio of each additive represents an atomic weight ratio.
- heat-reactive resist layer As for other heat-reactive resist layers, similarly, an etching layer having a film thickness of 300 nm was first formed, and then a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 7.
- the laminate formed as described above was exposed under the following conditions.
- Semiconductor laser wavelength for exposure 405 nm
- Lens numerical aperture 0.85
- Exposure laser power 1mW ⁇ 10mW
- Feed pitch 100 nm to 350 nm
- the shape to be formed may be an isolated circular or elliptical shape depending on the intended application, and the present invention is not limited by the exposure shape.
- the heat-reactive resist exposed by the exposure machine was developed.
- development by a wet process was applied.
- an acid, an alkali, a complexing agent, and those added with a potential adjusting agent and a surfactant can be used.
- the development of each heat-reactive resist is performed under the conditions shown in Table 8 below. I went there.
- the ratio of each additive represents an atomic weight ratio.
- SiO 2 was etched by dry etching using the obtained thermal reaction resist as a mask.
- the dry etching was performed using CF 4 as an etching gas, a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 400 W, and a processing time of 10 minutes.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional SEM image of a thermal reaction type resist using CuO and Si as targets.
- Example 10 CuO—SiO 2 (10 at%) was selected as a target for producing a heat-reactive resist layer by sputtering.
- Si 3 N 4 was selected as a target for producing an etching layer by sputtering.
- thermal reaction type resist layers similarly, an etching layer having a film thickness of 300 nm was first formed, and then a thermal reaction type resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 7. The composition of the obtained heat-reactive resist material was almost the same as the target composition. The resist layer formed as described above was exposed in the same manner as in Example 9.
- dry etching of the etching layer was performed using the obtained heat-reactive resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed using the etching gas shown in Table 7 under the conditions of a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 300 W, and a processing time of 10 minutes.
- a uniform fine pattern with an etching layer depth (nm) having an aspect ratio shown in Table 8 was observed, and the etching layer was A pattern was formed reflecting the width of the mask.
- SiO 2 was selected as a target for producing the etching layer by sputtering.
- heat-reactive resist layers similarly, an etching layer having a film thickness of 300 nm was first formed, and then a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 7. The composition of the obtained heat-reactive resist material was almost the same as the target composition. The resist layer formed as described above was exposed in the same manner as in Example 9.
- dry etching of the etching layer was performed using the obtained heat-reactive resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed using the etching gas shown in Table 7 under the conditions of a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 300 W, and a processing time of 10 minutes.
- a uniform fine pattern with an etching layer depth (nm) having an aspect ratio shown in Table 8 was observed, and the etching layer was A pattern was formed reflecting the width of the mask.
- SiO 2 was selected as a target for producing the etching layer by sputtering.
- heat-reactive resist layers similarly, an etching layer having a film thickness of 300 nm was first formed, and then a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 7. The composition of the obtained heat-reactive resist material was almost the same as the target composition. The resist layer formed as described above was exposed in the same manner as in Example 9.
- dry etching of the etching layer was performed using the obtained heat-reactive resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed using the etching gas shown in Table 8 under the conditions of a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 300 W, and a processing time of 10 minutes.
- a uniform fine pattern with an etching layer depth (nm) having an aspect ratio shown in Table 8 was observed, and the etching layer was A pattern was formed reflecting the width of the mask.
- Bi 97 Te 3 and Sb 40 Te 60 were selected as targets for producing the heat-reactive resist layer by sputtering. Further, SiO 2 was selected as a target for producing an etching layer by a sputtering method.
- an etching layer was formed to a thickness of 300 nm on a 50 mm ⁇ glass flat plate substrate using a SiO 2 target under the conditions shown in Table 9 below. Subsequently, a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9 using a Bi 97 Te 3 target. For the other heat-reactive resist layers, similarly, an etching layer having a film thickness of 300 nm was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9, and then a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9 below.
- the laminate formed as described above was exposed under the following conditions.
- Semiconductor laser wavelength for exposure 405 nm
- Lens numerical aperture 0.85
- Exposure laser power 1mW ⁇ 10mW
- Feed pitch 100 nm to 350 nm
- the shape to be formed may be an isolated circular or elliptical shape depending on the intended application, and the present invention is not limited by the exposure shape.
- the heat-reactive resist material undergoes a physical change and / or a chemical change by exposure, and these changes may occur singly or in combination (for example, melting + oxidation).
- Table 10 below also describes changes that occur mainly in the heat-reactive resist material.
- the heat-reactive resist exposed by the exposure machine was developed.
- development by a wet process was applied.
- acid, alkali, or those obtained by adding a potential adjusting agent or a surfactant to them can be used, and development of each heat-reactive resist was performed under the conditions shown in Table 9 below.
- dry etching of the etching layer was performed using the obtained heat-reactive resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed using the etching gas described in Table 10 below under the conditions of a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 400 W, and a processing time of 10 minutes.
- a uniform fine pattern with an etching layer depth (nm) having an aspect ratio shown in Table 10 below was observed. However, the pattern was formed reflecting the width shape of the mask.
- composition of the resist layer and the etching layer described in Table 9 and Table 10 is a value described as the composition of the target material is reflected as it is for convenience, and does not necessarily indicate the composition of the resist layer and the etching layer itself. is there. The following examples shall be treated similarly.
- Ge 20 Sb 80 , In 32 Sb 68 , and In 5 Sb 95 were selected as targets for producing the heat-reactive resist layer by sputtering. Further, SiO 2 was selected as a target for producing an etching layer by a sputtering method.
- an etching layer was formed to a thickness of 150 nm on a 50 mm ⁇ glass flat plate substrate using a SiO 2 target under the conditions shown in Table 9 below. Subsequently, a thermal reaction type resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9 below using a Ge 20 Sb 80 target. Similarly for the other heat-reactive resist layers, an etching layer having a thickness of 150 nm was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9 below, and then a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9 below.
- the resist layer formed as described above was exposed in the same manner as in Example 13. Subsequently, the heat-reactive resist exposed by the exposure machine was developed. The development was performed in the same manner as in Example 13 under the conditions shown in Table 10 below.
- dry etching of the etching layer was performed using the obtained heat-reactive resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed using the etching gas described in Table 10 below under the conditions of a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 400 W, and a processing time of 10 minutes.
- a uniform fine pattern with an etching layer depth (nm) having an aspect ratio shown in Table 10 was observed, and the etching layer was A pattern was formed reflecting the width of the mask.
- Mo 50 Nb 50 , Ga 50 Sb 50 , Ni 50 Bi 50 , Ni 70 Bi 30 , Zn 50 Te 50 , Cu 13.6 V 86.4 , Zn 32 are used as targets for preparing the thermal reaction resist layer by sputtering.
- Si 3 N 4 was selected as a target for producing an etching layer by a sputtering method.
- an etching layer was formed to a thickness of 300 nm on a glass flat plate substrate having a diameter of 50 mm using a Si 3 N 4 target under the conditions shown in Table 8 below. Subsequently, a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9 below using a Mo 50 Nb 50 target. Similarly, with respect to the other heat-reactive resist layers, an etching layer having a film thickness of 300 nm was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9, and then a heat-reactive resist layer was formed under the conditions shown in Table 9.
- the resist layer formed as described above was exposed in the same manner as in Example 13. Subsequently, the heat-reactive resist exposed by the exposure machine was developed. Development was performed in the same manner as in Example 13 under the conditions shown in Table 9 below.
- dry etching of the etching layer was performed using the obtained heat-reactive resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed using the etching gas described in Table 10 below under the conditions of a processing gas pressure of 5 Pa, a processing power of 400 W, and a processing time of 10 minutes.
- a uniform fine pattern with an etching layer depth (nm) having an aspect ratio shown in Table 10 was observed, and the etching layer was a mask. A pattern was formed reflecting the width shape.
- Ga 50 Sb 50 was selected as a target for producing a heat-reactive resist layer by a sputtering method. Further, SiO 2 was selected as a target for producing an etching layer by a sputtering method.
- a sleeve-like substrate Al hollow cylinder having an inner diameter of 58 mm ⁇ and an outer diameter of 60 mm ⁇
- sputtering was performed by rotating the sleeve in order to deposit the film uniformly.
- the sleeve thus prepared was exposed under the following conditions.
- Semiconductor laser wavelength for exposure 405 nm
- Lens numerical aperture 0.85
- Exposure laser power 1mW ⁇ 10mW
- Feed pitch 150 nm to 350 nm
- Rotation speed 700rpm
- the heat-reactive resist exposed by the exposure machine was developed.
- the development was performed in the same manner as in Example 15.
- dry etching of the etching layer was performed using the obtained heat-reactive resist as a mask. Dry etching was performed under the same conditions as in Example 15.
- the sleeve was rotated in order to perform the etching uniformly.
- the surface shape was transferred to a film using a UV curable resin using a mold obtained by peeling only the heat-reactive resist layer from the sleeve.
- the heat-reactive resist material according to the present invention has high resistance to the dry etching of fluorocarbon gas, it can form a deep pattern shape of the groove by functioning as a mask for forming the deep groove, Because the aspect ratio can be freely selected, the degree of freedom in optical design is expanded.
Abstract
Description
Bi97Te3、Ni81W19、Zn50Te50、Pb50Te50、Mo40Nb60、Mo50Nb50、W40Nb60、W50Nb50、Cr85Mo15のいずれかを含有することが好ましい。
本発明に係る熱反応型レジスト材料は、不完全酸化物を含有することが好ましい。ここで、本明細書中、「不完全酸化物」とは、遷移金属及びXII族~XV族元素からなる群から選択される元素において、その元素がとりうる価数に応じた化学量論組成の酸化物より酸素含有量が不足した状態をいう。化学量論組成に比べ酸素が不足していることで、元素は、さらに酸素と結合することが可能である。この不完全な酸素(酸化度)の状態に、露光等で加熱を行うことで、加熱部の酸化反応が進行し、加熱部と未加熱部で酸化度の違いが生じる。この酸化度の違いを利用して現像によりパターンを形成することが可能になる。不完全酸化物の酸化度についてCrを例に挙げて説明すれば、化学式CrO3の酸化状態を組成の割合に換算するとCr1-xOxと表すことができ、x=0.75の場合がCrO3に対応して、酸素とそれ以上結合できない状態である。したがって、不完全酸化物とは0<x<0.75の範囲で表されるものを示すが、本発明の熱反応型レジスト材料において、x=0.75に近い酸化状態であると、加熱によりさらに酸化が進んだとしても、加熱部と未加熱部の酸化度の違いがあまりなく、現像によるパターンを形成することが難しくなる。このため、本発明に係る熱レジスト材料に用いられる不完全酸化物は、酸化度が化学量論組成に比較し、酸素が20%以上まで欠損していることが望ましい。また、元素によっては、1つの元素が異なる価数の酸化物を形成することが可能である。この場合は、価数に応じた化学量論組成の酸化物より酸素含有量が不足した状態も本発明の不完全酸化物とする。なお、元素の価数及び酸素量は、例えば蛍光X線分析装置やX線光電子分光分析装置等で分析することができる。
本発明に係るモールドの形状は、平板形状又はスリーブ(ロール、ドラム)形状であることができる。光ディスクの原盤やナノインプリントなどで用いられるモールドの多くは小型で平板形状であるため、簡単な装置により転写することが可能である。大面積に転写する場合、大型のモールド大きなモールドを作製する必要があるが、大型のモールド全面に均一にパターンを付与すること、転写時にモールド全面に均一にプレス圧力をかけること、大型のモールドをきれいに離型することなどの問題がある。一方、スリーブ形状は、大面積にパターンを転写できる特徴があるが、レーザー加工や機械加工法を使ってサブミクロン(1μm以下)のサイズのパターンを形成することは非常に困難であった(上記非特許文献4を参照)。
工程(1)平板又はスリーブ形状等の基材の上に上記熱リソグラフィ用積層体で用いられたエッチング材料を含有するエッチング層を配し、さらにエッチング層上に上記した本発明に係る熱反応型レジスト層を形成して積層膜を形成する。
工程(2)熱反応型レジスト層を露光し、露光部分(又は未露光部分)を現像する。
工程(3)現像後の熱反応型レジストをマスクとして、フロン系ガスを用いてエッチング層をドライエッチング処理して、微細パターンを形成する。
工程(4)熱反応型レジストを除去して、モールドを製造する。
遷移金属の熱反応型レジスト材料としてCr1-xOx、Nb1-xOx、Ta1-xOx、Ti1-xOxを選択した。またエッチング層にはSiO2を選択した。
露光用半導体レーザー波長:405nm
レンズ開口数:0.85
露光レーザーパワー:1mW~10mW
送りピッチ:150nm~350nm
XII~XV族元素の熱反応型レジスト材料としてSn1-xOx、Pb1-xOxを選択した。これら熱反応型レジストも実施例1と同様に350nmの膜厚のSiO2膜上に表3に示す条件で、それぞれ、成膜を行った。
遷移金属の熱反応型レジスト材料としてCr1-xOxを選択し、エッチング層としてTe1-xOxを選択した以外は実施例1と同様に成膜を行い、露光、現像を行った。Te1-xOxの成膜条件を表3に示す。
XII~XV族元素の熱反応型レジスト材料としてSn1-xOxを選択した。またエッチング層にはSiO2を選択した。
露光用半導体レーザー波長:405nm
レンズ開口数:0.85
露光レーザーパワー:1mW~10mW
送りピッチ:150nm~350nm
回転速度:700rpm
フッ化物の沸点が200℃以下である元素Wを選択し、熱反応型レジストとしてWOxを用いた。このWOxレジストも実施例1同様に350nmの膜厚のSiO2膜上に表3中の条件で各々成膜を行った。
熱反応型レジストとしてSn1-xOxを選択した。エッチング層は、フッ化物の沸点が1000℃を超えるZnを含むSiO2-ZnSを選択し、表3中の条件で各々成膜を行った。
熱反応型レジスト材料としてCuO、Co3O4、Mn2O3、Pb3O4を選択した。またエッチング層にはSiO2層を選択した。
露光用半導体レーザー波長:405nm
レンズ開口数:0.85
露光レーザーパワー:1mW~10mW
送りピッチ:150nm~350nm
熱反応型レジスト材料としてBaO2、CaCO3を選択した。これら熱反応型レジストは、実施例5と同様の条件で350nmの膜厚のSiO2膜を成膜し、その上にCからなる熱吸収層を20nm成膜し、その上に熱反応型レジストを表5に示す条件で成膜を行った。別途、上記と同条件で、それぞれの熱反応型レジスト材料のみを成膜し、XRD分析を行った所、すべての材料において明瞭な回折パターンは得られずアモルファスであった。
熱反応型レジスト材料としてFeS2、SnS2を選択し、エッチング層としてSi3N4を選択した以外は実施例5と同様に成膜を行い、露光、現像を行った。FeS2、SnS2の成膜条件を表5に示す。
熱反応型レジスト材料としてCuOを選択した。またエッチング層にはSiO2を選択した。成膜は、実施例5で用いた平板基材の代わりにスリーブ状基板(内径φ58mm、外径φ60mmのAlの中空円筒)を用いて実施例1と同様の条件で実施した。成膜中は、膜を均一に堆積させるために、スリーブを回転させてスパッタリングを行った。堆積した熱反応型レジストCuOはアモルファスであった。
露光用半導体レーザー波長:405nm
レンズ開口数:0.85
露光レーザーパワー:1mW~10mW
送りピッチ:150nm~350nm
回転速度:700rpm
熱反応型レジスト層をスパッタ法にて作製するターゲットとしてCuOとSi(共スパッタ法)を選択した。またエッチング層をスパッタ法にて作製するターゲットとしてSiO2を選択した。
露光用半導体レーザー波長:405nm
レンズ開口数:0.85
露光レーザーパワー:1mW~10mW
送りピッチ:100nm~350nm
このように現像された熱反応型レジストを、SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)にて表面形状と断面形状を観察したところ、表7に示す開口幅(nm)と深さ(nm)がパターンとして形成されていた。
熱反応型レジスト層をスパッタ法にて作製するターゲットとしてCuO-SiO2(10at%)を選択した。またエッチング層をスパッタ法にて作製するターゲットとしてSi3N4を選択した。
熱反応型レジスト層をスパッタ法にて作製するターゲットとしてCuO-MoO3(Cu/Mo=90at%/10at%)を選択した。またエッチング層をスパッタ法にて作製するターゲットとしてSiO2を選択した。
熱反応型レジスト層をスパッタ法にて作製するターゲットとしてCo3O4-SiO2(Co/Si=95at%/5at%)を選択した。またエッチング層をスパッタ法にて作製するターゲットとしてSiO2を選択した。
熱反応型レジスト層をスパッタリング法にて作製するターゲットとしてBi97Te3、Sb40Te60を選択した。またエッチング層をスパッタリング法にて作製するターゲットとしてSiO2を選択した。
露光用半導体レーザー波長:405nm
レンズ開口数:0.85
露光レーザーパワー:1mW~10mW
送りピッチ:100nm~350nm
熱反応型レジスト層をスパッタリング法にて作製するターゲットとしてGe20Sb80、In32Sb68、In5Sb95を選択した。またエッチング層をスパッタリング法にて作製するターゲットとしてSiO2を選択した。
熱反応型レジスト層をスパッタリング法にて作製するターゲットとしてMo50Nb50、Ga50Sb50、Ni50Bi50、Ni70Bi30、Zn50Te50、Cu13.6V86.4、Zn32Sb68、Bi10Te90、Sn74Pb26、Sn25Pb75、Sn50Pb50選択した。またエッチング層をスパッタリング法にて作製するターゲットとしてSi3N4を選択した。
熱反応型レジスト層をスパッタリング法にて作製するターゲットとしてGa50Sb50を選択した。またエッチング層をスパッタリング法にて作製するターゲットとしてSiO2を選択した。
露光用半導体レーザー波長:405nm
レンズ開口数:0.85
露光レーザーパワー:1mW~10mW
送りピッチ:150nm~350nm
回転速度:700rpm
Claims (33)
- フロン系ガスを用いたドライエッチングに用いる熱反応型レジスト材料であって、主要フッ化物の沸点が200℃以上である元素を少なくとも1種類含むことを特徴とする熱反応型レジスト材料。
- レーザーのスポット径内において、熱反応する領域、及び熱反応しない領域の双方を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 不完全酸化物材料、分解性酸化物材料、分解性窒化物材料、分解性炭化物材料、分解性炭酸化物材料、分解性硫化物材料、分解性セレン化物材料、溶融性複合金属材料、相変化性複合金属材料、酸化性複合金属材料のいずれかを含有することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 少なくとも酸化、分解、溶融、相変化のいずれかによりパターン形成可能であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 不完全酸化物を含有し、前記不完全酸化物が、遷移金属及びXII族~XV族元素からなる群から選ばれた元素の不完全酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項3または請求項4に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記不完全酸化物が、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zr、Nb、Rh、Ag、Hf、Ta、Au、Al、Zn、Ga、In、Sn、Sb、Pb、及びBiからなる群から選ばれた元素の不完全酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記不完全酸化物が、Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Cu、Nb、Ag、Ta、Au、Sn、Pb、及びBiからなる群から選ばれた元素の不完全酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 分解性酸化物、分解性窒化物、分解性炭化物、分解性炭酸化物、分解性硫化物、分解性セレン化物のいずれかを含有し、前記分解性酸化物がAg、Au、Pdを除くII、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX、XI、XII、XIV族から選ばれた元素の酸化物、前記分解性窒化物がAg、Auを除くII、VI、VIII、XI、XII族から選ばれた元素の窒化物、前記分解性炭化物、前記分解性炭酸化物、前記分解性硫化物、分解性セレン化物がII~IX族及びXI~XV族から選ばれた元素の炭化物、炭酸化物、硫化物、セレン化物から選ばれた化合物であることを特徴とする請求項3または請求項4に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記分解性酸化物が、CuO、Co3O4、MnO2、Mn2O3、CrO3、Cr5O12、PbO2、Pb3O4、TaO2、Rh2O3、RuO2、MgO2、CaO2、BaO2、ZnO2、前記分解性炭化物がNdC2、Al4C3、前記分解性炭酸化物が、MgCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、BaCO3、ZnCO3、CdCO3、Ag2CO3、PbCO3、NiCO3、前記分解性窒素化物がZn3N2、CrN、Cu3N、Fe2N、Mg3N2、前記分解性硫化物がCuS、Ni3S4、FeS、FeS2、Fe2S3、SnS2、HfS2、TiS2、Rh2S3、RuS2、Bi2S3、Cr2S3、GaS、BaS3、MnS2、Nd2S3、前記分解性セレン化物がCuSe、Bi2Se3、FeSe、GaSe、のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記分解性酸化物がCuO、Co3O4、MnO2、Mn2O3、CrO3、Cr5O12、PbO2、Pb3O4、MgO2、CaO2、BaO2、ZnO2、前記分解性炭酸物がMgCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、BaCO3、前記分解性硫化物がCuS、FeS2、SnS2、HfS2、前記分解性セレン化物がCuSeのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記分解性酸化物がCuO、Co3O4、MnO2、Mn2O3、CrO3、Pb3O4、BaO2、CaCO3、前記分解性硫化物がFeS2、SnS2、前記分解性セレン化物がCuSe、のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記溶融性複合金属材料、前記相変化性複合金属材料、前記酸化性複合金属材料が、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ag、Zn、Al、Ga、In、Sn、Pb、Sb、及びBiからなる金属群(α)並びにV、Mo、W、Ge、Se、及びTeからなる金属群(β)からなる群から選択された2種類の金属を含有し、且つ、前記金属のうち少なくとも1種類が金属群(α)から選択されたことを特徴とする請求項3または請求項4に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記溶融性複合金属材料、前記相変化性複合金属材料、前記酸化性複合金属材料が、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ag、Zn、Al、Ga、In、Pb、Sb、及びBiからなる金属群(γ)並びにV、Mo、W、Ge、及びTeからなる金属群(δ)からなる群から選択される2種類の金属を含有し、且つ、前記金属のうち少なくとも1種類が金属群(γ)から選択されたことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- In-Sb、Sn-Sb、Cr-Sb、Ga-Sb、In-Sn、Ni-Sn、Al-Sn、Bi-Sn、Sn-Pb、Ni-Bi、Zn-Sb、Ni-Cr、Ni-Nb、Al-Ni、Cu-Zr、Ag-Zn、Ge-Sb、Sb-Te、Bi-Te、Ni-W、Zn-Te、Pb-Te、Mo-Nb、W-Nb、Cr-Mo、Cu-Vで表される金属種の組み合わせのうち、いずれかを含有することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- In5Sb95、In32Sb68、In68Sb32、In1Sb99、Sn50Sb50、Cr50Sb50、Ga50Sb50、Ga40Sb60、Ga30Sb70、Ga20Sb80、Ga12Sb88、Ga10Sb90、In47Sn53、In53Sn47、Ni80.7Sn19.3、Al2.2Sn97.8、Bi43Sn57、Sn26Pb74、Sn25Pb75、Sn74Pb26、Ni50Bi50、Ni40Bi60、Ni60Bi40、Ni70Bi30、Ni80Bi20、Ni90Bi10、Zn32Sb68、Ni50Cr50、Ni83.8Nb16.2、Ni59.8Nb40.2、Al97.3Ni2.7、Cu90.6Zr9.4、Ag70Zn30、Ge10Sb90、Ge20Sb80、Ge30Sb70、Ge50Sb50、Bi90Te10、Bi97Te3、Ni81W19、Zn50Te50、Pb50Te50、Mo40Nb60、Mo50Nb50、W40Nb60、W50Nb50、Cr85Mo15のいずれかを含有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- Sb40Te60、Bi10Te90、Cu8.6V91.4、Cu13.6V86.4、Cu18.6V81.4のいずれかを含有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 少なくとも金属間化合物または共晶状態を含有することを特徴とする請求項12から請求項16のいずれかに記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- さらにAl、Si、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Mo、Zr、Zn、Ga、Ru、Pd、Ag、Cd、Hf、Ta、W、Pt、Au、C及びBからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1つの元素が含有されていることを特徴とする請求項3から請求項17のいずれかに記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- Cr1-xOx(X=0.24)、Nb1-xOx(X=0.11)、Ta1-xOx(X=0.17)、Ti1-xOx(X=0.18)、Sn1-xOx(X=0.1)、Pb1-xOx(X=0.21)、Mn2O3、CuO、Co3O4、Pb3O4、BaO2、CaCO3、FeS2、SnS2、Bi97Te3、Sb40Te60、Ge20Sb80、In32Sb68、In5Sb95、Mo50Nb50、Ga50Sb50、Ni50Bi50、Ni70Bi30、Zn50Te50、Cu13.6V86.4、Zn32Sb68のいずれかであることを特徴とする熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記熱反応型レジスト材料が、Cr1-xOx(X=0.24)、Nb1-xOx(X=0.11)、Ta1-xOx(X=0.17)、Ti1-xOx(X=0.18)、Sn1-xOx(X=0.1)、Pb1-xOx(X=0.21)、Mn2O3、CuO、Co3O4、Pb3O4、BaO2、CaCO3、FeS2、SnS2、In32Sb68、In5Sb95、Ga50Sb50、Ni50Bi50、Ni70Bi30、Zn32Sb68のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 前記熱反応型レジスト材料が、Cr1-xOx(X=0.24)、Nb1-xOx(X=0.11)、Ta1-xOx(X=0.17)、Ti1-xOx(X=0.18)、Sn1-xOx(X=0.1)、Pb1-xOx(X=0.21)、Mn2O3、CuO、Co3O4、Pb3O4、BaO2、CaCO3、FeS2、SnS2のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の熱反応型レジスト材料。
- 請求項1から請求項21のいずれかに記載の熱反応型レジスト材料を主に含有する熱反応型レジスト層と、前記熱反応型レジスト層上に設けられたエッチング層とを備え、前記エッチング層を構成するエッチング材料が、主要フッ化物の沸点が250℃以下である元素を少なくとも1種類以上含み、且つ、前記熱反応型レジスト材料を構成する主たる元素の主要フッ化物の沸点が、前記エッチング材料を構成する主たる元素の主要フッ化物の沸点より高いことを特徴とする熱リソグラフィ用積層体。
- 前記エッチング材料が、Ta、Mo、W、C、Si、Ge、Te、及びP並びにそれら2種類以上の複合物、並びにそれらの酸化物、窒化物、硫化物、及び炭酸化物からなる群より選ばれた材料であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の熱リソグラフィ用積層体。
- 前記エッチング材料が、Ta、Si、Ge、及びP並びにそれらの酸化物、窒化物、硫化物、及び炭酸化物並びにMo、Wのシリサイドからなる群より選ばれた材料であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の熱リソグラフィ用積層体。
- 前記エッチング材料が、Ta、Si、Ge、及びP並びにそれらの酸化物、窒化物からなる群より選ばれた材料であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の熱リソグラフィ用積層体。
- 前記エッチング材料が、SiO2、Si、及びSi3N4からなる群から選ばれた材料であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の熱リソグラフィ用積層体。
- 基材上に、請求項22から請求項26のいずれかに記載の熱リソグラフィ用積層体で用いられたエッチング材料からなるエッチング層を配置し、さらに前記エッチング層上に、請求項1から請求項21のいずれかに記載の熱反応型レジスト材料からなるレジスト層を積層して積層膜を形成する工程(1)と、
前記積層膜の熱反応型レジスト層を、露光した後、現像する工程(2)と、
引き続き、前記熱反応型レジスト層をマスクとして、フロン系ガスで前記エッチング層をドライエッチングする工程(3)と、
前記熱反応型レジストを除去して、モールドを製造する工程(4)と、
を含むモールドの製造方法。 - 前記工程(1)における積層が、スパッタリング法、蒸着法又はCVD法を用いて行なわれる、請求項27に記載のモールドの製造方法。
- 前記基材が平板形状であることを特徴とする請求項27または請求項28に記載のモールドの製造方法。
- 前記基材がスリーブ形状であることを特徴とする請求項27または請求項28に記載のモールドの製造方法。
- 前記工程(2)における露光が半導体レーザーで行われることを特徴とする請求項27から請求項30のいずれかに記載のモールドの製造方法。
- 請求項27から請求項31のいずれかに記載のモールドの製造方法により製造されたことを特徴とするモールド。
- 1nm以上1μm以下の微細パターンを有することを特徴とする請求項32に記載のモールド。
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CN102187276A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
EP2345932A4 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
JP5194129B2 (ja) | 2013-05-08 |
JP2013047848A (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
US20110195142A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
CN103151053A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
EP2345932A1 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
JP2013033291A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
JP5651156B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
JP2013033290A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
CN103123443A (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
TW201026638A (en) | 2010-07-16 |
KR20110047276A (ko) | 2011-05-06 |
TWI605032B (zh) | 2017-11-11 |
JP5651157B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
KR101363681B1 (ko) | 2014-02-14 |
CN102187276B (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
JP5600339B2 (ja) | 2014-10-01 |
CN103123443B (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
CN103151053B (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
TW201427928A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
US9257142B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
JPWO2010044400A1 (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
TWI543959B (zh) | 2016-08-01 |
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