WO2009123172A1 - フォトマスクブランク、フォトマスクおよびフォトマスクブランクの製造方法 - Google Patents
フォトマスクブランク、フォトマスクおよびフォトマスクブランクの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009123172A1 WO2009123172A1 PCT/JP2009/056611 JP2009056611W WO2009123172A1 WO 2009123172 A1 WO2009123172 A1 WO 2009123172A1 JP 2009056611 W JP2009056611 W JP 2009056611W WO 2009123172 A1 WO2009123172 A1 WO 2009123172A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- film
- light shielding
- layer
- antireflection layer
- light
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 611
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 238
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 11
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005001 rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005354 aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004541 SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMPZTFVPEKAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-P ceric ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Ce+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XMPZTFVPEKAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- AHXGRMIPHCAXFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromyl dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cr](Cl)(=O)=O AHXGRMIPHCAXFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/22—Masks or mask blanks for imaging by radiation of 100nm or shorter wavelength, e.g. X-ray masks, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] masks; Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/50—Mask blanks not covered by G03F1/20 - G03F1/34; Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/38—Masks having auxiliary features, e.g. special coatings or marks for alignment or testing; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/46—Antireflective coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/54—Absorbers, e.g. of opaque materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/68—Preparation processes not covered by groups G03F1/20 - G03F1/50
- G03F1/80—Etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
- H01L21/0276—Photolithographic processes using an anti-reflective coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photomask blank, a photomask, and a method for manufacturing a photomask blank.
- microfabrication is performed using photolithography technology using a photomask. Has been done.
- a photomask blank in which a light shielding film generally made of a metal thin film such as a chromium film is formed on a light transmitting substrate such as quartz glass or aluminosilicate glass by sputtering or vacuum evaporation.
- a photomask in which a film is formed in a predetermined pattern is used.
- the photomask produced from this photomask blank is an exposure process in which a desired pattern exposure is performed on the resist film formed on the photomask blank, and a desired pattern exposure is performed on the resist film formed on the photomask blank.
- a developing solution is supplied to dissolve a resist film portion soluble in the developing solution to form a resist pattern.
- cerium ammonium nitrate and perchloric acid A portion of the light-shielding film on which the resist pattern is not formed is removed by etching such as wet etching using an etching solution made of a mixed aqueous solution or dry etching using chlorine gas, and a predetermined mask pattern is applied to the translucent substrate.
- the etching process formed on top and the remaining resist pattern are removed. It is manufactured through a peeling step of removing.
- the resist pattern formed on the light shielding film must remain with a sufficient film thickness, but when the resist film thickness is increased, a particularly fine pattern is formed.
- the aspect ratio becomes large, causing problems such as pattern collapse. Therefore, in order to miniaturize the mask pattern formed on the photomask, it is necessary to thin the resist film formed on the photomask blank.
- Patent Document 1 has a structure in which the thickness of the light shielding film is 100 nm or less and the film thickness of the chromium-based compound having a high etching rate occupies 70% or more.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a photomask blank in which a translucent film, a CrON film, a Cr film, and a CrON film are laminated on a translucent substrate, and the film thickness of the CrON film occupies 70% or more. It is disclosed.
- the CrON film only sets the optical density per unit film thickness at a wavelength of 450 nm, and is not optimized for exposure light below the ArF excimer laser light.
- the miniaturized mask pattern itself shades the transfer image (shadowing).
- the light shielding film is thick, the influence of the light amount reduction (contrast deterioration) due to shadowing is large.
- the cross-sectional shape is likely to vary, and this causes a deterioration in CD (Critical Dimension) transfer accuracy together with shadowing.
- a photomask blank capable of forming a fine mask pattern is desired. Further, there is a demand for a photomask blank that can form a thin resist film on the light-shielding film and consequently does not cause pattern collapse and has high transfer accuracy. Specifically, in order to prevent resist pattern collapse, a photomask having a resolution required for generations of hp 45 nm and hp 32 nm and later is obtained by reducing the resist film aspect ratio and reducing the resist pattern aspect ratio. It has been.
- etching time (ET) of the light shielding film is determined by the etching rate (ER), the thickness (d) of the light shielding film, and the cross-sectional angle adjustment time (overetching time) (OET) of the light shielding film pattern.
- CET CET + OET (1)
- “CET” is a clear etching (just etching) time, and is a time for the etching of the monitor pattern (generally a large extraction pattern of several mm square) to reach a lower layer film such as a substrate or a phase shifter film. .
- a photomask having a light-shielding film having a short etching time by increasing the etching rate (ER), reducing the thickness of the light-shielding film (d), shortening the overetching time (OET), and the like.
- a blank is required.
- etching rate In order to increase the etching rate (ER), it is usually necessary to reduce the metal content. However, if the metal content is kept low, the optical density per unit film thickness decreases, and as a result, the film thickness necessary for the light-shielding film to obtain a predetermined optical density increases. Therefore, a photomask blank having a light-shielding film having a high etching rate (ER) and a relatively thin film thickness and sufficient optical density is demanded.
- ER etching rate
- the angle of the cross-section of the light-shielding film after etching is formed perpendicular to the substrate regardless of the pattern density.
- the resist when etching a lower Cr-based film (the main component of the contained metal is Cr) using a resist pattern as a mask, the resist is less resistant to etching containing O 2 , so that the resist film is greatly damaged. Etching is not possible with high accuracy. For this reason, a photomask blank having a Cr-based film with a short etching time that can be applied to a thin film resist is required.
- the photomask blank according to [1] or [2], wherein the uppermost layer of the thin film has a chromium content of 50 atm% or less and a total content of nitrogen and oxygen of 40 atm% or more.
- the thin film has a light-shielding film in which a back-surface antireflection layer, a light-shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer are sequentially laminated from the side close to the translucent substrate,
- the photomask blank according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the surface antireflection layer is the uppermost layer of the thin film.
- the back surface antireflection layer has an amorphous structure made of a material containing chromium and at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
- the thin film has a light shielding film and an etching mask film, The photomask blank according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the etching mask film is the uppermost layer of the thin film.
- the thin film has a phase shifter film and a light shielding film,
- the photomask blank according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the phase shifter film is disposed between the translucent substrate and the light shielding film.
- thin film means a film including a light shielding film, and optionally including an etching mask film, a phase shifter film, and the like.
- the photomask blank of the present invention includes a photomask blank on which a resist film is formed and a photomask blank on which no resist film is formed. Therefore, the “thin film” in this specification does not include a resist film regardless of whether or not the resist film is formed on the photomask blank.
- the photomask blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a light shielding film having a light shielding film (absorbing layer) having a high content of metal such as Cr in a light shielding film having a multi-layer structure (particularly three layers).
- the clear etching time (CET) and the over etching time (OET) can be shortened.
- a photomask blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a high etching rate (ER) metal (for example, Cr) -containing film (antireflection layer) and a low etching rate (ER) metal-containing film (absorption layer).
- ER etching rate
- the film thickness of the high etching rate (ER) layer and the low etching rate (ER) layer is balanced to a predetermined balance, and the low etching rate (ER) layer is disposed at a predetermined position.
- the over-etching time (OET) can be shortened.
- the clear etching time (CET), the overetching time (OET), or both can be shortened, so that the resist formed on the light shielding film can be thinned.
- the photomask blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is less prone to problems such as pattern collapse, and a fine mask pattern can be formed.
- the photomask blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which a plurality of layers having different metal contents are laminated with a predetermined film thickness, so that the etching rate (ER) as a whole of the light shielding film is high, And the photomask blank which has a light shielding film which has sufficient optical density with a predetermined film thickness can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photomask blank manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a photomask blank manufactured in Example 2.
- the photomask blank of the first aspect of the present invention is A photomask blank used for producing a photomask to which ArF excimer laser light is applied, A thin film having a multilayer structure is formed on a light-transmitting substrate, The uppermost layer of the thin film is a photomask blank having an amorphous structure made of a material containing chromium and at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
- the translucent substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a translucent substrate.
- a quartz glass substrate, an aluminosilicate glass substrate, a calcium fluoride substrate, a magnesium fluoride substrate, or the like can be used.
- a quartz glass substrate is preferable because it has high flatness and smoothness, and when pattern transfer onto a semiconductor substrate using a photomask is performed, transfer pattern distortion hardly occurs and high-precision pattern transfer can be performed.
- the thin film of the photomask blank according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a light shielding film, and optionally refers to a film including an etching mask film, a phase shifter film, and the like.
- the thin film does not include a resist film regardless of whether or not the resist film is formed on the photomask blank. Therefore, the configuration of the thin film includes, for example, (1) a film made of a Cr-based light shielding film, (2) a film made of a phase shifter film and a Cr-based light shielding film, and (3) a light shielding film and a Cr-based etching mask film. (4) A film made of a phase shifter film, an etching stopper film, a light shielding film, and a Cr-based etching mask film.
- the uppermost layer of the thin film has an amorphous structure made of a material containing chromium and at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. Therefore, in the photomask blank in which the thin film is made of a Cr-based light shielding film, the uppermost layer of the light shielding film has an amorphous structure. In a photomask blank in which a thin film is a film in which a phase shifter film and a Cr-based light shielding film are provided in this order, the uppermost layer of the light shielding film has an amorphous structure.
- the etching mask film that is the uppermost layer of the thin film has an amorphous structure.
- the etching mask film that is the uppermost layer of the thin film has an amorphous structure.
- the Cr-based light shielding film preferably has a laminated structure in which a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer are laminated in this order from the side close to the translucent substrate.
- the light shielding film should just have at least 3 layers, a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer, and may also have one or more layers.
- the back surface antireflection layer is a layer provided on the lower side of the light shielding layer (side closer to the translucent substrate) among the layers forming the light shielding film.
- the back surface antireflection layer preferably controls the light shielding properties and etching characteristics of the light shielding film, and controls the adhesion with the antireflection function and the phase shifter film.
- the back surface antireflection layer is such that the exposure light incident from the translucent substrate on the side opposite to the side on which the light shielding film is formed is reflected to the exposure light source side by the back surface antireflection layer and does not affect the transfer characteristics.
- the light shielding layer is a layer provided between the back surface antireflection layer and the front surface antireflection layer among the layers forming the light shielding film.
- the light shielding layer controls the light shielding properties and etching characteristics of the light shielding film. Moreover, it is preferable that it is a layer which has the highest light-shielding property in a multilayer film.
- the surface antireflection layer is a layer provided on the upper side of the light shielding layer (the side far from the translucent substrate) among the layers forming the light shielding film.
- the surface antireflection layer preferably controls the light shielding property and etching characteristics of the light shielding film, and controls chemical resistance against cleaning in a photomask blank or photomask.
- the surface antireflection layer when used as a photomask, has the effect of preventing the reflected light from the transferred object such as a semiconductor substrate from returning to the transferred object and degrading the pattern accuracy.
- the surface reflectance is 30% or less, preferably 25% or less, more preferably 20% or less, relative to the wavelength of ArF excimer laser light.
- the front antireflection layer preferably has an amorphous structure made of a material containing chromium and at least one of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon, and the back antireflection layer also preferably has an amorphous structure.
- the etching rate can be increased, and the etching time of the light shielding film can be shortened. That is, when the Cr-based light-shielding film is dry-etched using the resist pattern as a mask, the resist has low resistance to etching containing O 2 , so that the resist film becomes larger, but the surface antireflection layer of the light-shielding film and / or Alternatively, when the back surface antireflection layer has an amorphous structure, the etching time of the light shielding film can be shortened, so that the resist can be thinned.
- the over-etching time can be shortened by shortening the etching time of the entire light-shielding film by making the light-shielding film a three-layer structure and making the front-surface antireflection layer and / or the back-surface antireflection layer an amorphous structure with a high etching rate. Can do. Furthermore, by making the front-surface antireflection layer and / or the back-surface antireflection layer have an amorphous structure, the film stress of the light shielding film can be reduced.
- the front-surface antireflection layer and the back-surface antireflection layer are formed of a material mainly containing any one of CrOCN (chromium oxycarbonitride), CrOC (chromium oxycarbide), CrON (chromium oxynitride), and CrN (chromium nitride). It is preferable.
- Cr-based material an oxidized material has a higher etching rate with respect to a chlorine-based gas.
- the nitrided material also has a higher etching rate with respect to the chlorine-based gas.
- the surface antireflection layer and the back surface antireflection layer are highly oxidized or highly nitrided so that the Cr content is 50 atm% or less, more preferably 40 atm% or less, and the total of N and O is 40 atm% or more, more preferably 50 atm% or more. It is preferable. If the Cr content exceeds 50 atm%, or the total content of N and O is less than 40 atm%, the etching time of the light shielding film may become long.
- the front antireflection layer and the back antireflection layer are preferably CrOCN and CrOC. Further, from the viewpoint of formation of an amorphous structure and controllability of stress (a low stress film can be formed), CrOCN is preferable.
- the main component of the front surface antireflection layer and the back surface antireflection layer is CrOCN or CrOC
- a chromium target and a mixed gas containing CO 2 gas it is preferable to use a chromium target and a mixed gas containing CO 2 gas.
- a gas having a small hysteresis such as a mixed gas containing CO 2 gas, N 2 gas and a rare gas, or a mixed gas containing CO 2 gas and a rare gas.
- the front-surface antireflection layer and the back-surface antireflection layer have conditions near the start of transition from the metal mode to the reaction mode, or conditions close to the reaction mode. It is preferable to form a film.
- the metal mode is a region where a high voltage (eg, 330 to 350 V) is maintained (region where Cr is ion-sputtered by Ar), the transition region is a region where the voltage suddenly drops, and the reaction mode is a region after the sudden drop of the suddenly dropped voltage ( This refers to the region where the suddenly dropped voltage of 290 to 310 V is maintained (the region where the gas is activated and exhibits reactivity).
- a high voltage eg, 330 to 350 V
- the transition region is a region where the voltage suddenly drops
- the reaction mode is a region after the sudden drop of the suddenly dropped voltage ( This refers to the region where the suddenly dropped voltage of 290 to 310 V is maintained (the region where the gas is activated and exhibits reactivity).
- the metal mode is a region of 0 to 30 sccm in FIG. 3 (1), a region of 0 to 25 sccm in FIG. 3 (2), and a region of 0 to 32 sccm in FIG. 3 (3).
- the transition region is a region of 35 to 50 sccm in the increase mode in FIG. 3 (1), a region of 35 to 50 sccm in the increase mode in FIG. 3 (2), and a region of 43 to 50 sccm in the increase mode in FIG. .
- the reaction region is a region of 50 to 35 sccm in the decrease mode in FIG. 3 (1), a region of 50 to 35 sccm in the decrease mode in FIG. 3 (2), and a region of 48 to 32 sccm in the decrease mode in FIG. .
- a chromium film having a very low degree of oxidation and nitridation is formed in the metal mode.
- a chromium film having a high degree of oxidation and nitridation is formed, and an intermediate mode between the metal mode and the reaction mode (a mode between the metal mode and the reaction mode). In the transition region), the condition is not stable and is not normally used.
- FIGS. 3 (1) and 3 (2) when a gas system with small hysteresis is used (in FIG. 3 (1), “CO 2 gas + rare gas” is used, and FIG. 2) “CO 2 gas + N 2 gas + rare gas” is used, and chromium that has been oxidized and nitrided by DC sputtering is in a reaction mode (in FIG. 3A, a reduced mode region of 40-30 sccm, FIG.
- a film In a reduced mode region of 35 to 25 sccm), a film can be stably formed with low defects, and the obtained oxidized and nitrided chromium has an amorphous structure and a film having a high etching rate can be produced.
- FIG. 3 (1) and FIG. 3 (2) where the increase mode and the decrease mode in the vicinity of the flow rate of 35 sccm are slightly shifted (conditions), that is, the conditions for going from the metal mode to the reaction mode (from the metal mode to the reaction mode).
- the film is formed near (immediately) when the transition to (1) begins, so that the oxidized and nitrided chromium film with a relatively high etching rate compared to other conditions can be stably reduced by DC sputtering. Can be manufactured with defects.
- the gas pressure when the film is formed by the DC sputtering it is preferable to reduce the gas pressure when the film is formed by the DC sputtering to 0.2 Pa or less because an amorphous is easily formed.
- heat treatment in order to prevent a change in flatness due to heat treatment before resist application, it is preferable to perform heat treatment at 150 to 300 ° C. in advance after forming the light shielding film.
- the temperature is 200 ° C. or higher. When the temperature exceeds 300 ° C., the amorphous structure is lost and the film tends to be crystalline.
- the flatness after the heat treatment is preferably 10 nm or less.
- the flatness described in the present invention is a value representing the warpage (deformation amount) of the surface expressed by TIR (Total Indicated Reading).
- TIR Total Indicated Reading
- the measured value in an area of 142 ⁇ 142 mm at the center of the 6-inch substrate is defined as flatness.
- the surface roughness Ra of the surface antireflection layer is 0.50 nm or less, the LER (Line Edge Roughness) of the light shielding film pattern can be reduced and the cross sectional shape of the light shielding film pattern can be improved. It is preferable because it is possible.
- the surface roughness was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and Ra (center line surface roughness) was obtained based on height data in a 10 nm square range.
- the light shielding layer preferably has a slower etching rate than the surface antireflection layer. Therefore, the etching time of the whole light shielding film can be shortened by making the film thickness of the light shielding layer with a slow etching rate 30% or less of the whole film thickness. If the thickness of the light-shielding layer exceeds 30% of the total thickness of the light-shielding film, the thickness of the light-shielding film can be reduced. However, since the ratio of the back surface or front surface antireflection layer having a high etching rate is reduced, the etching time is reduced. It is not preferable because it cannot be shortened.
- the thickness of the light shielding layer is set to 30% or less of the entire thickness of the light shielding film, the variation in the cross-sectional shape due to loading generated in the upper surface antireflection layer while the light shielding layer is etched is alleviated.
- the thickness of the light shielding layer is 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less of the entire thickness of the light shielding film, because the etching time is further shortened and the cross-sectional shape is also improved.
- the intermediate layer with a slow etching rate is thick, the bottom of the intermediate layer is large, and the etching area of the lower back surface antireflection layer becomes narrow due to the influence, and the total etching time becomes long, but the intermediate layer is thin. In this case, the bottom of the intermediate layer is small, and the progress of the etching of the lower layer is not hindered, which is preferable.
- the thickness of the back surface antireflection layer is increased while the light shielding layer is reduced, the pattern cross section can be formed at an angle closer to the vertical.
- the thickness of the light shielding layer is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 15% or less of the thickness of the back surface antireflection layer.
- the resist film is also etched and consumed when the light shielding film is dry-etched using the resist film as a mask.
- Other methods are as follows. For example, a photomask blank in which a MoSi light shielding film and a Cr etching mask film are provided in this order on a substrate is used. Then, by using a thin Cr-based etching mask film, the burden on the resist is reduced, and the reduction in resolution when the mask pattern is transferred to the Cr-based etching mask film is improved. With this configuration, the resist film can be thinned.
- the pattern shape is significantly deteriorated, and the LER when the mask pattern is transferred to the etching mask film is deteriorated, so that the etching time of the etching mask film is shortened.
- the inventor has found that there is a need.
- the etching mask film has an amorphous structure made of a material containing chromium and at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon, the etching speed of the etching mask film can be increased, and the etching time of the etching mask film can be reduced. This is preferable because it can be shortened.
- the preferable material, composition ratio, and film formation conditions of the etching mask film are the same as those of the front-surface antireflection layer or the back-surface antireflection layer in the Cr-based light shielding film.
- the film stress can be reduced.
- the flatness after the heat treatment is preferably 10 nm or less.
- the surface roughness Ra of the etching mask film is 0.50 nm or less because the LER of the etching mask pattern can be reduced and the cross-sectional shape of the etching mask pattern can be improved.
- the film structure of the etching mask film is often a single layer made of the above film material, but may be a multi-layer structure.
- the multi-layer structure can be a multi-layer structure formed in stages with different compositions or a film structure in which the composition is continuously changed.
- the light shielding film provided under the etching mask film is preferably a MoSi-based material.
- the light-shielding film has a thickness of 60 nm or less, and a two-layer structure in which the light-shielding layer and the front-surface antireflection layer are formed in this order, or the back-surface antireflection layer, the light-shielding layer, and the front-surface antireflection layer in this order.
- the formed three-layer structure is preferable.
- the light shielding layer is preferably MoSi or MoSiN, and the antireflection layer is preferably MoSiON, MoSiN or MoSiO.
- the Mo content of the light shielding layer is preferably 20 to 40 atm%, and the Mo content of the antireflection layer is 15 atm% or less, preferably 5 atm%.
- the light shielding film may be made of a Ta-based material.
- a halftone phase shift mask blank may be provided by providing a phase shifter film.
- a phase shifter film, an etching stopper film, the light shielding film, and the etching mask film may be provided in this order on the light transmitting substrate.
- the phase shifter film is preferably a MoSi-based film such as MoSiN or MoSiON
- the etching stopper film is preferably a Cr-based film such as CrN or CrON.
- the clear etching time is shortened, but the overetching time may be increased due to loading, so it is difficult to shorten the etching time in the two-layer structure, (2)
- a three-layer structure of a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer is used, and a material having an etching rate faster than that of the light shielding layer is used for the lowermost back surface antireflection layer Is preferable
- the thickness of the intermediate layer with a slow etching rate is adjusted to 30% or less of the total film thickness in order to shorten the over-etching time and further improve the cross-sectional shape of the light-shielding film pattern. That it is preferable to The invention of the photomask blank of the first aspect was completed.
- the light shielding film has a laminated structure in which a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer are laminated in this order from the side close to the translucent substrate,
- the total thickness of the light shielding film is 60 nm or less
- the back surface antireflection layer is made of a film containing a metal and has a first etching rate
- the surface antireflection layer is made of a film containing a metal, has a third etching rate
- the light shielding layer is made of a film containing the same metal as the metal contained in the back surface antireflection layer or the front surface antireflection layer, and has a first etching rate and a second etching rate lower than the third etching rate
- the thickness of the light shielding layer having a slow etching rate is 30% or less of the total film thickness, so that the etching time of the entire light shielding film can be shortened. If the thickness of the light-shielding layer exceeds 30% of the total thickness of the light-shielding film, the thickness of the light-shielding film can be reduced. However, since the ratio of the back surface or front surface antireflection layer having a high etching rate is reduced, the etching time is reduced. It is not preferable because it cannot be shortened.
- the thickness of the light shielding layer is 30% or less of the entire thickness of the light shielding film, it occurred in the upper surface antireflection layer while the light shielding layer was etched. Variation in cross-sectional shape due to loading is reduced. Thereafter, the back surface antireflection layer is etched at a high speed, so that while the back surface antireflection layer is being etched, the portion of the surface antireflection layer or the like that is not intended to be etched is further etched, and the pattern cross section The shape can be good. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape can be further improved by optimizing the position where the light shielding layer is introduced.
- the etching time is further shortened and the cross-sectional shape is also improved. preferable.
- the intermediate layer having a slow etching rate is thick, the bottom of the intermediate layer is large, and the etching area of the lower back surface antireflection layer becomes narrow due to the influence, and the total etching time becomes long.
- the intermediate layer is thin, tailing in the intermediate layer is small, and the progress of the etching of the lower layer is not hindered.
- the thickness of the light shielding layer is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 15% or less, of the thickness of the back surface antireflection layer.
- the film thickness ratio between the light shielding layer and the surface antireflection layer exceeds 1.0 / 0.7, the surface antireflection layer may become too thin to have a desired antireflection function. Moreover, when the value of the film thickness ratio is less than 1.0 / 7.0, the overetching time may not be shortened. Therefore, in the photomask blank of the second aspect, the film thickness ratio between the light shielding layer and the surface antireflection layer is 1.0: 0.7 to 1.0: 7.0, more preferably 1.0: 2. It is preferably 0 to 1.0: 7.0. By having such a film thickness ratio, it is possible to suppress further etching of a portion that is not intended to be etched, so that the cross-sectional shape is improved and the pattern reproducibility can be improved.
- the thickness of the light shielding layer is 0.5% or more, more preferably 3% or more of the entire thickness of the light shielding film.
- the film with the light shielding film having a limit of a certain thickness (for example, 60 nm) or less in this laminated structure if the thickness of the light shielding layer is increased, the thickness of the back surface or the surface antireflection layer is decreased.
- the optical properties such as the overall light shielding property and reflectivity cannot be ensured simply by making it thin.
- a photomask blank used for producing a photomask to which the ArF excimer laser light according to the third aspect of the present invention is applied, A light-shielding film on a light-transmitting substrate;
- the light shielding film has a laminated structure in which a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer are laminated in this order from the side close to the translucent substrate,
- the total thickness of the light shielding film is 60 nm or less
- the back surface antireflection layer is made of a film containing a metal and has a first etching rate
- the surface antireflection layer is made of a film containing a metal, has a third etching rate
- the light shielding layer is made of the same metal as the metal contained in the back surface antireflection layer or the front surface antireflection layer and a metal nitride film containing nitrogen, and the second etching rate is lower than the first etching rate and the
- the photomask blank of the third aspect in which the light shielding layer is a metal nitride film has a tensile stress as compared with the case of a pure metal film. Can be relaxed and the film stress can be easily adjusted.
- the photomask blank of the third aspect by using a metal nitride film having a slow etching rate as the light shielding layer, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the light shielding film while maintaining a high optical density. This makes it possible to easily design a light-shielding film having a desired optical characteristic with an overall film thickness of a certain thickness or less in a laminated structure, and to realize a thin resist film.
- the second etching rate of the metal nitride film is slower than the etching rate of the back surface antireflection layer and the front surface antireflection layer, so that the etching in the vertical direction is changed. be able to.
- the variation in the cross-sectional shape due to loading generated in the surface antireflection layer having a high etching rate is alleviated.
- the back surface antireflection layer is etched at a high speed at the first etching rate. Therefore, there is a portion where etching is not intended in the surface antireflection layer or the like while the back surface antireflection layer is being etched. Etching is suppressed, and the cross-sectional shape of the pattern can be improved.
- the light shielding film comprises a light shielding layer and at least one antireflection layer, and the optical density of the entire light shielding film is 1.8 to 3.1, The ratio of the optical density of the light shielding layer to the sum of the optical densities of all antireflection layers is 1: 5 to 1:19;
- the light shielding layer is made of a film containing metal,
- the antireflection layer is made of a film containing the same metal as the metal contained in the light shielding layer, N and O, and the total content of N and O is 40 to 65 atom%.
- the ratio of the optical density of the light shielding layer to the sum of the optical densities of all the antireflection layers is set to 1: when the optical density of the entire light shielding film is in the range of 1.8 to 3.1. 5 to 1:19 are configured to bear most of the optical density of the entire light shielding film by the antireflection layer.
- the optical density depends on the composition and the film thickness, the total content of N and O in the antireflection layer is 40 to 65 atom%.
- the etching rate is faster. Thereby, since the ratio of the film thickness of the layer having a high etching rate is increased, the etching time can be shortened, and as a result, the resist film can be thinned.
- the etching rate of the antireflection layer is reduced, whereas the value of the ratio is If it is less than 1/19, the film thickness of the antireflection layer becomes too thick.
- the film thickness increases.
- the etching rate is slow. Become.
- optical density per unit film thickness satisfies the following relationship.
- OD per unit film thickness (nm ⁇ 1 ) OD of film (layer) / film (layer) thickness
- the optical density per unit film thickness of the antireflection layer is 0.04 nm ⁇ 1 or less, and the optical density per unit film thickness of the light shielding layer is 0.05 nm. It is preferably ⁇ 1 or more.
- the light shielding film has a laminated structure in which a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer are laminated in this order from the side close to the translucent substrate,
- the optical density of the back antireflection layer is 1.1 to 1.3,
- the optical density of the light shielding layer is 0.1 to 0.3,
- An embodiment in which the optical density of the surface antireflection layer is 0.4 to 0.6 is included.
- a light-shielding film having a desired film thickness, etching rate and optical characteristics can be easily obtained by setting the optical density of each layer within these ranges.
- the optical density of the back surface antireflection layer is less than 1.1
- the optical density is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the film thickness of each layer.
- the etching rate becomes slow, and it is difficult to reduce the thickness of each film.
- the optical density of the light shielding layer when the optical density of the light shielding layer is less than 0.1, the optical density of the entire light shielding film is insufficient, so that it is necessary to increase the film thickness of each layer. Since the reflection at the light shielding layer is reduced, the interference effect cannot be obtained sufficiently. As a result, the surface reflectance becomes high and a desired reflectance cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the optical density of the light shielding layer exceeds 0.3, the etching time becomes long and it is difficult to make a resist thin film.
- the optical density of the surface antireflection layer when the optical density of the surface antireflection layer is less than 0.4, the reflectance is too low and the overall film thickness is increased, and the optical density is set to 0.6. If it exceeds, the reflectivity becomes too high.
- the light shielding film has a laminated structure in which a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer are laminated in this order from the side close to the translucent substrate,
- the total content of N and O in the back antireflection layer is 40 to 55 atom%
- the total content of N and O in the light shielding layer is 30 atom% or less
- a mode in which the total content of N and O in the surface antireflection layer is 45 to 65 atom% is included.
- a light-shielding film having a desired film thickness, etching rate, and optical characteristics can be easily obtained by setting the N and O contents in each layer within a predetermined range.
- the etching rate is slow, and the total content of N and O exceeds 55 atom%.
- the optical density becomes small (the film thickness becomes thick), and it becomes difficult to reduce the thickness of each film.
- the etching rate becomes slow and it is difficult to reduce the thickness.
- the etching rate is slow, and the total content of N and O is 65 atom%.
- the optical density becomes small (the film thickness becomes thick), and it becomes difficult to reduce the film thickness.
- the optical density per unit film thickness of the back antireflection layer is 0.03 to 0.04 nm ⁇ 1
- the optical density per unit film thickness of the light shielding layer is 0. It is preferably from 05 to 0.06 nm ⁇ 1 .
- the light shielding film has a laminated structure in which a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer are laminated in this order from the side close to the translucent substrate,
- the back antireflection layer uses a Cr target and is a CrOCN film formed in a mixed gas atmosphere of 45 to 65 vol% inert gas, 30 to 50 vol% CO 2 gas, and 1 to 15 vol% N 2 gas.
- the light shielding layer is made of a CrN film formed in a mixed gas atmosphere using a Cr target, an inert gas of 70 to 90 vol%, and an N 2 gas of 5 to 25 vol%
- the surface antireflection layer is a CrOCN film formed in a mixed gas atmosphere using a Cr target, an inert gas of 40-60 vol%, a CO 2 gas of 25-45 vol%, and an N 2 gas of 5-20 vol%. It is characterized by comprising.
- the photomask blank of the fifth aspect is a photomask blank having a laminated structure having a film thickness of 60 nm or less and desired optical characteristics.
- the photomask blank of the fifth aspect when the antireflection layer is formed, O 2 gas or NO gas can be used. However, if a film having a high degree of oxidation is to be formed, the plasma is stabilized. It is necessary to perform sputtering with a relatively high gas pressure. If it does so, the film
- the inert gas for forming the back surface antireflection layer is composed of 10 to 30 vol% Ar gas and 20 to 40 vol% He gas.
- the inert gas for forming the layer includes an embodiment composed of 10 to 30 vol% Ar gas and 20 to 40 vol% He gas.
- the compressive stress of the obtained layer increases in the case of a Cr-based light shielding film, so that the film stress can be controlled, and the He gas Since this mainly acts only on the control of the film stress, it is preferable because the film stress design becomes easy.
- the light shielding film has a laminated structure in which a back surface antireflection layer, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer are laminated in this order from the side close to the translucent substrate,
- the back surface antireflection layer has a metal content of 25 to 50 atm%, a total content of N and O of 35 to 65 atm%, and an optical density of 1.1 to 1.3.
- the light shielding layer contains metal and N, the metal content is 50 to 90 atm%, the film thickness is 2 to 6 nm, and the optical density is 0.1 to 0.3,
- the surface antireflection layer is characterized in that the metal content is 25 to 50 atm%, the total content of N and O is 45 to 65 atm%, and the optical density is 0.4 to 0.6. To do.
- the metal content is less than 25 atm% in the back surface antireflection layer or the total content of N and O exceeds 65 atm% in the light shielding layer.
- the amount is less than 50 atm%, or the metal content is less than 25 atm% in the surface antireflection layer, or the total content of N and O exceeds 65 atm%, the entire light-shielding film is sufficient. An optical density may not be obtained.
- the metal content exceeds 50 atm%, or the total content of N and O is less than 35 atm.
- the metal content exceeds 90 atm%, or In the surface antireflection layer, when the metal content exceeds 50 atm% or the total content of N and O is less than 45 atm%, the etching time of the light shielding film may become long.
- the surface reflectance is high when the metal content exceeds 50 atm% or the total content of N and O is less than 45 atm%. In other words, the surface reflectance of about 20% or less required for ArF excimer laser light may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the metal content is less than 25 atm% or the total content of N and O exceeds 65 atm% in the surface antireflection layer, the defect quality may deteriorate.
- the content of N in the light shielding layer is 3 to 25 atm% because a relatively large optical density can be obtained at a constant film thickness.
- the N content is preferably 3 to 25 atm%.
- the optical density per unit film thickness is preferably 0.05 to 0.06 nm ⁇ 1 .
- the back surface antireflection layer has a Cr content of 30 to 40 atm%, a total content of N and O of 40 to 55 atm%, and an optical density of 1.1 to 1.3
- the light-shielding layer has a Cr content of 50 to 90 atm%, a N content of 3 to 25 atm%, and an optical density of 0.1 to 0.3.
- the surface antireflection layer includes an embodiment in which the Cr content is 30 to 40 atm%, the total content of N and O is 50 to 60 atm%, and the optical density is 0.4 to 0.6. .
- the Cr content in the back surface antireflection layer is less than 30 atm%, or the total content of N and O exceeds 55 atm%.
- the Cr content is less than 30 atm%, or the total content of N and O is 60 atm% Exceeding this may result in insufficient optical density for the entire light shielding film.
- the Cr content exceeds 40 atm%, or the total content of N and O is less than 40 atm%.
- the Cr content exceeds 90 atm%, or ,
- the total content of N is less than 3 atm%, or, in the surface antireflection layer, the content of Cr exceeds 40 atm%, or the total content of N and O is less than 50 atm%, In some cases, the etching time of the light shielding film becomes long.
- the photomask blank of the sixth aspect includes an aspect in which the thickness of the light shielding film is 60 nm or less.
- the thickness of the back surface antireflection layer is 23 to 33 nm
- the thickness of the light shielding layer is 2 to 6 nm
- the thickness of the front surface antireflection layer is 11 to 17 nm. Embodiments are included.
- the thickness of the light shielding film is preferably 60 nm or less. Therefore, if the thickness of the light shielding layer constituting the light shielding film is increased, the total thickness of the back surface antireflection layer and the front surface antireflection layer tends to be reduced, while the thickness of the light shielding layer constituting the light shielding film is reduced. If the film thickness decreases, the total film thickness of the back surface antireflection layer and the front surface antireflection layer tends to increase. Also, the back antireflection layer and the front antireflection layer tend to have a low optical density per unit film thickness, although the etching rate is faster than the light shielding layer, based on the properties of the composition such as the metal content.
- the back surface antireflection layer has a thickness exceeding 33 nm and the surface antireflection layer has a thickness exceeding 17 nm under the restriction that the thickness of the light shielding film is 60 nm or less.
- the light shielding layer has a thickness of less than 2 nm, it may not be possible to obtain a sufficient optical density as the entire light shielding film.
- the thickness of the light-shielding film is 60 nm or less, the thickness of the light-shielding layer exceeds 17 nm even if the back-surface antireflection layer has a thickness of less than 23 nm and the front-surface antireflection layer has a thickness of less than 11 nm. If this is the case, the etching time for the entire light-shielding film may become long.
- the back antireflection layer has a first etching rate
- the surface antireflective layer has a third etch rate
- the light-shielding layer includes an aspect having a second etching rate that is lower than the first etching rate and the third etching rate.
- the ratio between the third etching rate and the second etching rate is preferably 1.0: 1.1 to 1.0: 2.0.
- the third etching rate is preferably 0.67 nm / sec or more, and the second etching rate is preferably 0.44 nm / sec or less.
- the antireflection layer includes a back surface antireflection layer and a surface antireflection layer.
- the back surface antireflection layer or the front surface antireflection layer has a Cr content of 50 atm% or less and includes at least one of O, C, and N
- the light shielding layer has a Cr content of 50 atm. % Of the film is preferable. This is because by having such a configuration, it is possible to easily form a film having a relationship of second etching rate ⁇ first or third etching rate.
- the light shielding layer is made of CrN, CrON, CrO, CrC, CrCO or CrOCN, more preferably CrN or CrON.
- the back surface antireflection layer or the front surface antireflection layer is made of CrOCN
- a mode in which a Cr—Cr bond component and a CrO x N y component are mixed is preferable.
- the light shielding layer is made of CrN
- a mode in which the Cr—Cr bond component is the main component and the CrO x N y component is small is preferable.
- the carbon is mainly composed of chromium carbide (Cr—C), and other components C—C, C—O, and C—N are mixed.
- the back-surface antireflection layer and the front-surface antireflection layer have the same composition and different composition ratio and film thickness.
- the atmosphere gas for forming the back-surface antireflection layer and the front-surface antireflection phase can be made the same, so that the light-shielding film can be formed easily.
- the thin film of the first aspect is a Cr-based light-shielding film
- the photomask blanks of the second to sixth aspects the unit thickness of the light-shielding layer with respect to the ArF excimer laser light
- the optical density is preferably 0.05 nm ⁇ 1 or more.
- the first mode thin film is a Cr-based light-shielding film photomask blank, and the photomask blanks of the second to sixth modes are 200 nm thick on the light-shielding film.
- a resist film having a thickness of 150 nm or less may be provided.
- an etching mask film may be provided on the light shielding film.
- dry etching is generally performed by using chlorine and oxygen as etching gases to sublimate in the form of chromyl chloride.
- oxygen Resist is very weak against plasma. Therefore, by providing the etching mask film, the load on the resist film can be reduced, so that the resist film can be made thinner to 100 nm or less.
- the etching mask film is provided with SiON, SiN, SiO 2 , MoSiON, MoSiN or the like having a high selectivity at a film thickness of 5 to 20 nm.
- An organic film containing 20% or more of Si can be provided as an etching mask film by setting the film thickness to 20 to 40 nm.
- the resist can be made thinner by providing an etching mask film on the light shielding film. .
- the resist film thickness is 100 nm or less, the pattern shape is significantly deteriorated, and the LER when the mask pattern is transferred to the etching mask film is deteriorated. Therefore, the etching time of the etching mask film is shortened. The inventor has found that there is a need to do this. Since the light shielding film has a short etching time, the thickness of the etching mask film can be reduced and the etching time of the etching mask film can be shortened.
- the photomask blank of the first embodiment the thin film of the Cr-based light shielding film, the photomask blank of the second to sixth embodiments
- the surface antireflection layer or the back surface antireflection layer of the light shielding film has an amorphous structure
- the surface roughness is small, the surface roughness of the upper etching mask film can be reduced, which is preferable.
- the cross-sectional shape and LER when the etching mask film is etched are improved, the cross-sectional shape and LER of the light shielding film are deteriorated when the lower light shielding film is etched using the etching mask film pattern as a mask. Can be prevented.
- photomask blank includes a binary mask blank and a halftone phase shift mask blank
- photomask is a binary mask and a phase shift mask. It is a concept that includes
- the halftone phase shift mask blank has a halftone phase shifter film between the translucent substrate and the light shielding film.
- the transmittance of the phase shifter film is preferably 2 to 40%.
- the halftone phase shift mask blank is preferably a photomask blank in which the total thickness of the light shielding film is 50 nm or less and the transmittance of the phase shifter film is 2 to 6%.
- the transmittance of the phase shifter film is preferably 7 to 20%.
- phase shifter film When providing the phase shifter film, a material made of MoSiN or MoSiON is preferable. By providing the light shielding film of this embodiment on the phase shifter film made of these materials, it is possible to improve the LER of the phase shifter film pattern as compared with the case of providing a conventional Cr-based light shielding film. It becomes.
- the conventional Cr-based light shielding film has a porous columnar structure, and therefore, the LER of the Cr-based light shielding film pattern is increased. Therefore, the phase shifter film has an amorphous structure, but the phase shifter film has an amorphous structure.
- the LER of the phase shifter film pattern was deteriorated by the LER of the Cr-based light shielding film.
- the front-surface antireflection layer or the back-surface antireflection layer in the light-shielding film has an amorphous structure, it is possible to reduce the LER of the light-shielding film pattern when the light-shielding film is dry-etched. As a result, when the phase shifter film is dry-etched using the light shielding film pattern as a mask, the LER of the phase shifter film can be improved without deteriorating the LER of the phase shifter film pattern.
- a resist is applied to a photomask blank on which a light shielding film is formed, and dried to obtain a resist film. It is necessary to select an appropriate resist depending on the drawing apparatus to be used.
- a positive type or negative type resist having an aromatic skeleton in a polymer
- the resist film thickness needs to be in a range where a good pattern shape can be obtained and can function as an etching mask. Especially when a fine pattern is to be formed as an ArF exposure mask, The thickness is preferably 200 nm or less, and more preferably 150 nm or less.
- a two-layer resist method using a combination of a resist using a silicon resin and a lower layer film using an aromatic resin, or a surface imaging method using a combination of an aromatic chemically amplified resist and a silicon surface treatment agent was used. In some cases, the film thickness can be further reduced.
- the coating conditions and the drying method a method suitable for each resist to be used is appropriately selected.
- a resin layer may be formed on the surface of the photomask blank before applying the resist in order to reduce the occurrence of problems such as peeling of the fine resist pattern and falling down.
- surface treatment for reducing the surface energy of the surface of the substrate (photomask blank) may be performed before applying the resist.
- the surface treatment method include a method in which the surface is alkylsilylated with HMDS or other organosilicon surface treatment agents commonly used in semiconductor manufacturing processes.
- drawing on a resist in a photomask blank on which a resist film is formed includes a method using EB irradiation and a method using light irradiation.
- a method using EB irradiation In order to form a fine pattern by a method using EB irradiation. This is the preferred method.
- drawing is usually performed with energy in the range of 3 to 40 ⁇ C / cm 2 , and after the drawing, heat treatment is performed, and then the resist film is developed to obtain a resist pattern.
- Etching of the light shielding film or the light shielding film and other films is performed using the resist pattern obtained above as an etching mask. Etching can be performed using known chlorine-based or fluorine-based dry etching depending on the composition of the light-shielding film (surface layer, light-shielding layer, antireflection layer, etc.) and other films.
- the resist After obtaining the light-shielding pattern by etching, the resist is peeled off with a predetermined stripping solution to obtain a photomask on which the light-shielding film pattern is formed.
- the photomask of the present invention is used in an exposure method with a numerical aperture NA> 1 and a pattern transfer method for forming a fine pattern of DRAM half pitch (hp) 45 nm or more in a semiconductor design rule using an exposure light wavelength of 200 nm or less. It is particularly useful as a mask.
- the photomask blank of the present invention is particularly effective when it is used for forming a resist pattern having a line width of less than 100 nm on the photomask blank.
- An example of such a photomask blank is a mask having an OPC structure.
- OPC mask since the width of the auxiliary pattern provided around the main pattern is the narrowest for the purpose of improving the resolution of the main pattern, it is particularly useful for pattern transfer using a photomask having these patterns. .
- Example 1 (Production of photomask blank)
- a halftone phase shift mask blank in which a phase shifter film 5 and a three-layer light shielding film were provided on a translucent substrate 10 was manufactured (see FIG. 1).
- a translucent substrate 10 made of quartz glass having a size of 6 inches square and 0.25 inches in thickness it is composed of a single layer using Mo, Si and N as main components using a single wafer sputtering apparatus.
- a halftone phase shifter film 5 for ArF excimer laser (wavelength 193 nm) was formed (film thickness 69 nm).
- the sputtering (DC sputtering) conditions were as follows.
- Sputtering gas Mixed gas atmosphere of Ar, N 2 and He (Ar: 9 sccm, N2: 81 sccm, He: 76 sccm) Gas pressure during discharge: 0.3 Pa Applied power: 2.8 kW
- the transmittance of the obtained phase shifter film 5 was 5.5% and the phase shift amount was about 180 °.
- a back surface antireflection layer 3 made of CrOCN was formed (film thickness: 30 nm) using the same sputtering apparatus as the apparatus for forming the phase shifter film 5.
- the conditions for sputtering (DC sputtering) were as shown in Table 1.
- a light-shielding layer 2 made of CrN was formed (film thickness: 4 nm) using the same sputtering apparatus as the apparatus for forming the back surface antireflection layer 3.
- the conditions for sputtering (DC sputtering) were as shown in Table 1.
- the surface antireflection layer 1 made of CrOCN was formed using a sputtering apparatus similar to the apparatus in which the light shielding layer 2 was formed (film thickness 14 nm).
- the conditions for sputtering (DC sputtering) were as shown in Table 1.
- the flow rate of the sputtering gas in Table 1 is as follows when converted to volume percentage.
- a photomask blank was obtained in which the phase shifter film 5, the back surface antireflection layer 3, the light shielding layer 2, and the surface antireflection layer 1 were laminated in this order on a translucent substrate made of quartz glass.
- the optical density (OD) of light having a wavelength of 193.4 nm in the light-shielding film composed of the back-surface antireflection layer 3, the light-shielding layer 2, and the front-surface antireflection layer 1 was 1.9.
- the optical density in each layer was as shown in Table 1.
- the composition and atomic number density of the front surface antireflection layer 1, the light shielding layer 2, and the back surface antireflection layer 3 of the obtained photomask blank were analyzed by RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry).
- RBS is a technique for analyzing the surface composition with respect to the surface density (atms / cm 2 ) in the depth direction. If the film thickness for each layer is known, the atomic number density (atms / cm 3 ) can be calculated from the following equation: Can be calculated.
- Atomic number density surface density / film thickness
- the atomic number density of the surface antireflection layer 1 was calculated by the above method.
- the film composition of the surface antireflection layer 1 (film thickness: 14 nm) was 34 atom% for Cr, 11 atom% for C, 39 atom% for O, and 16 atom% for N.
- the chromium ratio of the surface antireflection layer 1 was 0.3 for C / Cr, 1.2 for O / Cr, and 0.5 for N / Cr.
- the atomic number density of the surface antireflection layer 1 was 10.5 ⁇ 10 22 atms / cm 3 .
- the film composition of the light shielding layer 2 (film thickness 4 nm) was such that Cr was at least 64 atom% or more and N was at least 8 atom% or more.
- the film composition of the back surface antireflection layer 3 was 36 atom% for Cr, 15 atom% for C, 39 atom% for O, and 9 atom% for N.
- the chromium ratio of the back surface antireflection layer 3 was 0.4 for C / Cr, 1.1 for O / Cr, and 0.3 for N / Cr.
- the surface antireflection layer 1 had an amorphous structure with a grain size of 1 to 2 nm.
- the photomask blank obtained in this example was supplied with ozone water having a concentration of 50 ppm to the substrate surface while being swung by a swing arm at a flow rate of 1.4 L / min for 60 minutes.
- the amount of change in optical density was measured to evaluate chemical resistance.
- the film thickness of the light shielding film was not changed by the spraying of ozone water. Further, the surface reflectance changed by + 0.82% for light having a wavelength of 193 nm. The optical density of the light shielding film changed by -0.04.
- the same amount of the layer as the surface antireflection layer 1 of this embodiment is directly formed on the glass substrate by sputtering, and the amount of change in reflectance by spraying ozone water with a concentration of 50 ppm on the surface antireflection layer 1 for 60 minutes is calculated. It was measured.
- the reflection spectrum was measured before and after spraying with ozone water with a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technology: U-4100), and the amount of change was calculated.
- the light shielding film composed of the back surface antireflection layer 3, the light shielding layer 2, and the front surface antireflection layer 1 was dry-etched to form a light shielding film pattern.
- the etching rate of each layer was as shown in Table 1.
- the clear etching time for the entire light-shielding film was 84.5 seconds, which was confirmed to be about 8% shorter than that of Comparative Example 1 described later.
- phase shifter film was etched using the resist pattern and the light shielding film pattern as a mask to form a phase shifter film pattern.
- the etching of the phase shifter film is affected by the cross-sectional shape of the light-shielding film pattern. However, since the cross-sectional shape of the light-shielding film pattern is good, the cross-sectional shape of the phase shifter film pattern is also good.
- the remaining resist pattern is peeled off, a resist film is applied again, pattern exposure is performed to remove an unnecessary light shielding film pattern in the transfer region, and then the resist film is developed to form a resist pattern. did.
- Example 2 In this example, a binary mask blank in which a light-shielding film composed of three layers was provided on a translucent substrate 10 was manufactured (see FIG. 2). That is, reactive sputtering was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the sputtering conditions were set as shown in Table 1.
- the flow rate of the sputtering gas in Table 1 is as follows when converted to volume percentage.
- a photomask blank as shown in FIG. 2 was obtained, in which the back surface antireflection layer 3, the light shielding layer 2, and the surface antireflection layer 1 were laminated in this order on the translucent substrate 10 made of quartz glass.
- the optical density (OD) with respect to light with a wavelength of 193.4 nm in the light shielding film composed of the back surface antireflection layer 3, the light shielding layer 2, and the front surface antireflection layer 1 was 3.
- the optical density in each layer was as shown in Table 1.
- the film composition of the surface antireflection layer 1 (film thickness 14 nm) was 32 atom% for Cr, 16 atom% for C, 37 atom% for O, and 16 atom% for N.
- the chromium ratio of the surface antireflection layer 1 was 0.5 for C / Cr, 1.2 for O / Cr, and 0.5 for N / Cr.
- the atomic number density of the surface antireflection layer 1 was 11.0 ⁇ 10 22 atms / cm 3 .
- the film composition of the light-shielding layer 2 (thickness 25 nm) was 87 atom% for Cr, 9 atom% for O, and 4 atom% for N.
- the chromium ratio of the light shielding layer 2 was 0.1 for O / Cr and 0.05 for N / Cr.
- the film composition of the back surface antireflection layer 3 (film thickness 25 nm) was 49 atom% for Cr, 11 atom% for C, 26 atom% for O, and 14 atom% for N.
- the chromium ratio of the back surface antireflection layer 3 was 0.2 for C / Cr, 0.5 for O / Cr, and 0.3 for N / Cr.
- the surface antireflection layer 1 had an amorphous structure with a grain size of 1 to 2 nm.
- the photomask blank obtained in this example was supplied with ozone water having a concentration of 50 ppm to the substrate surface while being swung by a swing arm at a flow rate of 1.4 L / min for 60 minutes.
- the amount of change in optical density was measured to evaluate chemical resistance.
- the film thickness of the light shielding film was not changed by the spraying of ozone water.
- the surface reflectance changed by ⁇ 0.02% for light having a wavelength of 193 nm.
- the optical density of the light shielding film changed by -0.06.
- the same layer as the surface antireflection layer 1 of this example was formed directly on the glass substrate by sputtering, and ozone water having a concentration of 50 ppm was applied to the surface antireflection layer 1 for 60 minutes by the same measurement method as in Example 1. The amount of change in reflectance due to spraying was measured.
- a chemically amplified positive resist for electron beam drawing (exposure) (PRL009: manufactured by Fuji Film Electronics Materials Co., Ltd.) was applied by spin coating so as to have a film thickness of 200 nm.
- a desired pattern was drawn on the formed resist film using an electron beam drawing apparatus, and then developed with a predetermined developer to form a resist pattern.
- the light shielding film composed of the back surface antireflection layer 3, the light shielding layer 2, and the front surface antireflection layer 1 was dry-etched to form a light shielding film pattern.
- the etching rate of each layer was as shown in Table 1. Further, when the light shielding film pattern was observed in the same manner as in Example 1, there was a slight taper, but the cross section angle of the light shielding film was formed perpendicular to the substrate and was good.
- Example 3 In this example, a binary mask blank similar to that of Example 2 was manufactured except that the film forming conditions and film thickness of the light shielding layer 2 and the film thickness of the back surface antireflection layer were changed in Example 2. That is, reactive sputtering was performed under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the sputtering conditions were set as shown in Table 1.
- the flow rate of the sputtering gas in Table 1 is as follows when converted to volume percentage.
- a photomask blank as shown in FIG. 2 was obtained, in which the back surface antireflection layer 3, the light shielding layer 2, and the surface antireflection layer 1 were laminated in this order on the translucent substrate 10 made of quartz glass.
- the optical density (OD) with respect to the light of wavelength 193.4nm in the light shielding film which consists of the back surface antireflection layer 3, the light shielding layer 2, and the surface antireflection layer 1 was 3.1.
- the optical density in each layer was as shown in Table 1.
- the surface antireflection layer 1 had an amorphous structure with a grain size of 1 to 2 nm.
- Example 2 the chemical resistance of the photomask blank was evaluated, and the amount of change in the film thickness, surface reflectance, and optical density of the light shielding film was measured.
- the film thickness of the light shielding film was not changed by the spraying of ozone water.
- the surface reflectance changed by ⁇ 0.02% for light having a wavelength of 193 nm.
- the optical density of the light shielding film changed by -0.06.
- the light shielding film of the present Example has high chemical resistance against ozone treatment.
- Example 2 Thereafter, a photomask was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the etching rate of each layer was as shown in Table 1. Further, when the light shielding film pattern was observed in the same manner as in Example 1, it was found that the angle of the cross section of the light shielding film was formed perpendicular to the substrate. Further, it was confirmed that even when the overetching time was shortened, a vertical cross-sectional shape was obtained, and the total etching time could be shortened by about 25% compared with Comparative Example 2.
- the resolution was evaluated for the obtained photomask.
- the resolution of the resist film was good, and the resolution of the light shielding film pattern was less than 70 nm (corresponding to DRAM hp45 nm).
- Example 1 a halftone phase shift mask blank having a light shielding film composed of two layers was manufactured. Specifically, a light shielding layer was formed on the same phase shifter film as in Example 1 using an in-line type sputtering apparatus.
- the conditions for sputtering were as follows.
- a surface antireflection layer was formed on the light shielding layer.
- the conditions for sputtering were as follows.
- Sputter target Chrome (Cr)
- Sputtering gas mixed gas of argon (Ar) and methane (CH 4 ) (CH4: 3.5% by volume), gas in which NO and He are mixed (Ar + CH 4 : 65 sccm, NO: 3 sccm, He: 40 sccm)
- a photomask blank having a light shielding film thickness of 48 nm was obtained, in which a phase shifter film, a light shielding layer, and a surface antireflection layer were sequentially laminated on a light transmitting substrate made of quartz glass.
- the optical density (OD) of light having a wavelength of 193.4 nm in the light shielding film comprising the light shielding layer and the surface antireflection layer was 1.9.
- the composition of the obtained surface antireflection layer and the light shielding layer and the atom number density of the surface antireflection layer were analyzed by RBS.
- the film composition of the surface antireflection layer (film thickness: 24 nm) was 34 atom% for Cr, 32 atom% for O, and 23 atom% for N.
- the chromium ratio of the surface antireflection layer was 0.9 for O / Cr and 0.7 for N / Cr.
- the atomic number density of the surface antireflection layer was 7.4 ⁇ 10 22 atms / cm 3 .
- the film composition of the light shielding layer (film thickness: 24 nm) was 59 atom% for Cr and 39 atom% for N.
- the chromium ratio of the light shielding layer was N / Cr 0.7. Since the in-line type sputtering apparatus was used, each of the light shielding layer and the surface antireflection layer was an inclined film whose composition was inclined in the film thickness direction. Therefore, the film composition is an average value.
- the surface antireflection layer had a low density porous columnar structure.
- Example 1 the chemical resistance of the photomask blank obtained in this comparative example was evaluated.
- the film thickness of the light shielding film was reduced by 5.8 nm by the spraying of ozone water.
- the surface reflectance changed by + 2.72% with light having a wavelength of 193 nm.
- the optical density of the light shielding film changed by ⁇ 0.38.
- the same layer as the surface antireflection layer of this comparative example was directly formed on the glass substrate by sputtering, and the amount of change in reflectance was measured by the same measurement method as in Example 1.
- + 2.5% (19.8% ⁇ 22.3%) for light with a wavelength of 193 nm + 9.1% (16.4% ⁇ 25.5%) for light with 257 nm, and + 13.9% for 365 nm. (19.9% ⁇ 33.8%)
- the light-shielding film of this comparative example has low chemical resistance with respect to the ozone treatment as compared with Examples 1 and 2.
- Example 1 a chemically amplified positive resist for electron beam drawing (exposure) was applied to the obtained photomask blank so as to have a film thickness of 150 nm, and a photomask was formed in the same manner as in Example 1. Obtained. In the dry etching of the light shielding film, the etching rate was slower than that of Example 1. The clear etching time for the entire light shielding film was 92.0 sec. Further, when the light shielding film pattern was observed in the same manner as in Example 1, the angle of the cross section of the light shielding film was not formed perpendicular to the substrate. For this reason, the cross-sectional shape of the phase shifter film pattern was not good. The resolution was evaluated for the obtained photomask. The resolution of the resist film was poor, and the resolution of the light shielding film pattern was 80 nm or more due to poor etching.
- a binary mask blank having a light shielding film composed of two layers was manufactured. Specifically, a light shielding layer was formed on a translucent substrate using an inline-type sputtering apparatus.
- the conditions for sputtering were as follows.
- a surface antireflection layer was formed on the light shielding layer.
- the conditions for sputtering were as follows.
- Sputter target Chrome (Cr)
- Sputtering gas Argon (Ar) and methane (CH 4 ) mixed gas (CH4: 8% by volume), NO and He mixed gas (Ar + CH 4 : 105 sccm, NO: 3 sccm)
- Applied power 1.1 kW
- a photomask blank having a light-shielding film thickness of 73 nm was obtained, in which a light-shielding layer and a surface antireflection layer were sequentially laminated on a translucent substrate made of quartz glass.
- the optical density (OD) with respect to the light of wavelength 193.4nm in the light shielding film which consists of a light shielding layer and a surface antireflection layer was 3.0.
- the composition of the obtained surface antireflection layer and the light shielding layer and the atom number density of the surface antireflection layer were analyzed by RBS.
- the film composition of the surface antireflection layer was 48 atom% for Cr and 50 atom% for O and N in total.
- the film composition of the light shielding layer 2 was 60 atom% for Cr and 30 atom% for the total of O and N. Since the in-line type sputtering apparatus was used, each of the light shielding layer and the surface antireflection layer was an inclined film whose composition was inclined in the film thickness direction. Therefore, the film composition is an average value.
- the surface antireflection layer had a low density porous columnar structure.
- Example 1 the chemical resistance of the photomask blank obtained in this comparative example was evaluated.
- the film thickness of the light shielding film of the photomask blank was reduced by 4.2 nm by the spraying of ozone water.
- the surface reflectance was changed by + 5.30% with light having a wavelength of 193 nm.
- the optical density of the light shielding film changed by ⁇ 2.60.
- Example 2 a chemically amplified positive resist for electron beam drawing (exposure) was applied to the obtained photomask blank so as to have a film thickness of 200 nm, and a photomask was formed in the same manner as in Example 2. Obtained. In the dry etching of the light shielding film, the etching rate was slower than that of Example 2. Further, when the light shielding film pattern was observed in the same manner as in Example 1, the cross section angle of the light shielding film was not formed perpendicular to the substrate as compared with Example 2. The resolution was evaluated for the obtained photomask. The resolution of the resist film was poor, and the resolution of the light shielding film pattern was 80 nm or more due to poor etching.
- the light-shielding film was changed from Cr-based to MoSi-based, and a binary mask blank in which a Cr-based etching mask film was provided on the light-shielding film was manufactured.
- a MoSiON film (back surface antireflection layer), MoSi film (light shielding layer), and MoSiON film (front surface antireflection layer) were formed as a light shielding film, and a CrOCN film was formed as an etching mask film.
- Mo molybdenum and silicon
- the optical density (OD) of the light-shielding film was 3.0 at a wavelength of 193 nm of ArF excimer laser exposure light. Thereafter, an etching mask film made of CrOCN (Cr: 34 atm%, C: 11 atm%, O: 39 atm%, N: 16 atm%) was formed with a film thickness of 15 nm under the same conditions as those of the surface antireflection layer of Example 1. As described above, the photomask blank of this example was produced.
- the etching mask film had an amorphous structure with a grain size of 1 to 2 nm.
- a chemically amplified positive resist for electron beam drawing (exposure) PRL009: manufactured by Fuji Film Electronics Materials Co., Ltd.
- PRL009 manufactured by Fuji Film Electronics Materials Co., Ltd.
- the resist film was developed with a predetermined developer to form a resist pattern.
- dry etching of the etching mask film was performed using the resist pattern as a mask.
- the remaining resist pattern was peeled off with a chemical solution.
- the light shielding film was dry-etched using a mixed gas of SF 6 and He to form a light shielding film pattern.
- the etching mask film pattern was peeled off by dry etching with a mixed gas of Cl 2 and O 2 and subjected to predetermined cleaning to obtain a photomask.
- the resist pattern was peeled and removed. This is because when the light shielding film pattern is formed on the light shielding film in the next process, the side wall height of the mask pattern ( This is because the smaller the side wall height of the etching mask film pattern), the higher the CD accuracy, the smaller the microloading, and the better the processing accuracy. If a photomask that does not require high processing accuracy is required, or if the etching mask film should also have a role of preventing reflection of exposure light, the resist pattern is removed after the shading film pattern is formed. You may make it do.
- the resolution was evaluated for the obtained photomask.
- the resolution of the resist film was good, the LER of the etching mask film was also good, and the resolution of the light shielding film pattern in the obtained photomask was less than 40 nm (corresponding to DRAM hp22 nm).
- Example 5 In this example, regarding the light shielding film, the MoSiON film (back surface antireflection layer) was not formed, and the MoSi film (light shielding layer) and the MoSiON film (surface antireflection layer) in the light shielding film were formed under the following conditions.
- the MoSi film (light-shielding layer) was changed to a MoSiN film (light-shielding layer), the film thickness and the Si content in the film were changed, and the film thickness of the MoSiON film (surface antireflection layer) was changed.
- the same as in Example 4 except that the total film thickness of the light shielding film was changed.
- the MoSiN film (light-shielding layer) in the light-shielding film a film made of molybdenum, silicon and nitrogen (Mo: 7.1 atm%, Si: 71.7 atm%, N: 18.2 atm%) was formed with a film thickness of 52 nm.
- the MoSiON film (surface antireflection layer) in the light shielding film is a film made of molybdenum, silicon, oxygen, and nitrogen (Mo: 2.6 atm%, Si: 57.1 atm%, O: 15.9 atm%, N: 24). .1 atm%) with a film thickness of 8 nm.
- the total thickness of the light shielding film was 60 nm.
- the optical density (OD) of the light-shielding film was 3.0 at a wavelength of 193 nm of ArF excimer laser exposure light.
- the etching mask film had an amorphous structure with a grain size of 1 to 2 nm.
- a photomask was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4. The resolution was evaluated for the obtained photomask. The resolution of the resist film was good, the LER of the etching mask film was also good, and the resolution of the light shielding film pattern in the obtained photomask was less than 40 nm (corresponding to DRAM hp22 nm).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- XRD X-ray diffractometer
- Ra 0.70 nm.
- a photomask was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4. The resolution was evaluated for the obtained photomask. The resolution of the resist film was poor, the LER of the etching mask film was large, and the resolution of the light shielding film pattern in the obtained photomask was 70 nm or more.
- the photomask blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be used for high NA lithography since it can suppress shadowing, and can also be used for lithography of short wavelength exposure light. Therefore, a very fine mask pattern can be formed by using the photomask blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the photomask blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be applied to, for example, photomask blanks of the hp45 nm and hp32 nm generations in ultra high NA-ArF lithography.
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Abstract
Description
エッチング時間(ET)は、エッチング速度(ER)、遮光膜の膜厚(d)および遮光膜パターンの断面角度調整時間(オーバーエッチング時間)(OET)によって決定される。これらの関係は以下のとおりである。
ET=d/ER+OET
=CET+OET・・・(1)
式(1)中、「CET」は、クリアエッチング(ジャストエッチング)時間であり、モニターパターン(一般に数mm角の大きな抜きパターン)のエッチングが基板または位相シフター膜等の下層膜に達する時間である。
透光性基板上に、多層構造の薄膜を有し、
前記薄膜の最上層は、クロムと、窒素、酸素および炭素のうち少なくとも一つとを含む材料からなるアモルファス構造であるフォトマスクブランク。
[2] 前記薄膜の最上層の表面粗さは、Raにおいて0.50nm以下である、[1]に記載のフォトマスクブランク。
[3] 前記薄膜の最上層は、クロムの含有量が50atm%以下、窒素と酸素の含有量の合計が40atm%以上である、[1]または[2]に記載のフォトマスクブランク。
[4] 前記薄膜は、前記透光性基板に近い側から裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層が順に積層された遮光膜を有し、
表面反射防止層が前記薄膜の最上層である、[1]ないし[3]のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランク。
[5] 前記裏面反射防止層が、クロムと、窒素、酸素および炭素のうち少なくとも一つとを含む材料からなるアモルファス構造である、[4]に記載のフォトマスクブランク。
[6] 前記遮光膜における遮光層の膜厚は、遮光膜全体の膜厚の30%以下である、[4]または[5]に記載のフォトマスクブランク。
[7] 前記遮光膜における遮光層の膜厚は、裏面反射防止層の膜厚の40%以下である、[4]ないし[6]のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランク。
[8] 前記薄膜は、遮光膜とエッチングマスク膜とを有し、
エッチングマスク膜が前記薄膜の最上層である、[1]ないし[3] のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランク。
[9] 前記薄膜は、位相シフター膜と遮光膜とを有し、
位相シフター膜が透光性基板と遮光膜との間に配置されている、[1]ないし[8]のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランク。
[10] [1]ないし[9]のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランクを用いて作製されるフォトマスク。
また、本発明のフォトマスクブランクには、レジスト膜が形成されたフォトマスクブランクもレジスト膜が形成されていないフォトマスクブランクも含まれる。したがって、本明細書の「薄膜」は、フォトマスクブランクにレジスト膜が形成されているか否かに拘わらず、レジスト膜を含むものではない。
また、本発明の好ましい態様に係るフォトマスクブランクは、金属含有量の異なる複数の層を所定の膜厚で積層する構造を有することによって、遮光膜全体としてエッチング速度(ER)は高速であり、かつ、所定の膜厚で充分な光学濃度を有する遮光膜を有するフォトマスクブランクを提供できる。
2 遮光層
3 裏面反射防止層
5 位相シフター膜
10 透光性基板
本発明の第1の態様のフォトマスクブランクは、
ArFエキシマレーザ光が適用されるフォトマスクを作製するために用いられるフォトマスクブランクであって、
透光性基板上に、多層構造の薄膜を有し、
前記薄膜の最上層は、クロムと、窒素、酸素および炭素のうち少なくとも一つとを含む材料からなるアモルファス構造であるフォトマスクブランクである。
透光性基板は透光性を有する基板であれば特に限定されないが、石英ガラス基板、アルミノシリケートガラス基板、フッ化カルシウム基板、フッ化マグネシウム基板等を用いることができる。これらの中でも、石英ガラス基板は平坦度および平滑度が高く、フォトマスクを使用して半導体基板上へのパターン転写を行う場合、転写パターンの歪みが生じにくく高精度のパターン転写が行えるため好ましい。
本発明の第1の態様のフォトマスクブランクの薄膜は遮光膜を含み、任意にエッチングマスク膜、位相シフター膜等を含む膜を意味する。当該薄膜は、フォトマスクブランクにレジスト膜が形成されているか否かに拘わらず、レジスト膜を含むものではない。
したがって、薄膜の構成としては、たとえば、(1)Cr系遮光膜からなる膜、(2) 位相シフター膜とCr系遮光膜とからなる膜、(3)遮光膜とCr系エッチングマスク膜とからなる膜、 (4) 位相シフター膜とエッチングストッパー膜と遮光膜とCr系エッチングマスク膜とからなる膜が挙げられる。
したがって、薄膜がCr系遮光膜からなるフォトマスクブランクでは、遮光膜の最上層がアモルファス構造である。
薄膜が位相シフター膜とCr系遮光膜とがこの順に設けられた膜からなるフォトマスクブランクでは、遮光膜の最上層がアモルファス構造である。
薄膜が遮光膜とCr系エッチングマスク膜とがこの順に設けられた膜からなるフォトマスクブランクでは、薄膜の最上層であるエッチングマスク膜がアモルファス構造である。
薄膜が位相シフター膜とエッチングストッパー膜と遮光膜とCr系エッチングマスク膜とがこの順に設けられた膜からなるフォトマスクブランクでは、薄膜の最上層であるエッチングマスク膜がアモルファス構造である。
本発明の第1の態様のフォトマスクブランクの薄膜がCr系遮光膜を含む場合について説明する。
上記Cr系遮光膜は、透光性基板に近い側から裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層が順に積層された積層構造を有することが好ましい。遮光膜は、裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層という少なくとも3層を有すればよく、さらに1層以上の層を有してもよい。
裏面反射防止層は、遮光膜を形成する層の中で、遮光層の下側(透光性基板に近い側)に設けられる層である。裏面反射防止層は、遮光膜の遮光性およびエッチング特性を制御する他、反射防止機能や位相シフター膜等との密着性を制御する構成とすること好ましい。裏面反射防止層は、遮光膜が形成された側とは反対側の透光性基板から入射される露光光が、裏面反射防止層により露光光源側に反射して転写特性に影響のない程度に裏面反射率を抑える程度であればよく、ArFエキシマレーザ光の波長に対して40%以下、好ましくは30%以下、さらに好ましくは20%以下が望ましい。
遮光層は、遮光膜を形成する層の中で、裏面反射防止層と表面反射防止層との間に設けられる層である。遮光層は、遮光膜の遮光性およびエッチング特性を制御する。また、多層膜中で最も高い遮光性を有する層であることが好ましい。
表面反射防止層は、遮光膜を形成する層の中で、遮光層の上側(透光性基板に遠い側)に設けられる層である。表面反射防止層は、遮光膜の遮光性およびエッチング特性を制御する他、フォトマスクブランクやフォトマスクにおける洗浄に対する耐薬性を制御する構成とすることが好ましい。また、表面反射防止層は、フォトマスクとして用いた場合に、半導体基板等の被転写物からの反射光が再び被転写物に戻ってパターン精度を悪化させることを防止する効果を奏するものであり、表面反射率は、ArFエキシマレーザ光の波長に対して30%以下、好ましくは25%以下、さらに好ましくは20%以下が望ましい。
すなわち、レジストパターンをマスクにしてCr系遮光膜をドライエッチングすると、レジストはO2を含むエッチングに対して耐性が低いため、レジスト膜べりが大きくなるが、前記遮光膜の表面反射防止層および/または裏面反射防止層をアモルファス構造とすることによって、遮光膜のエッチング時間を短縮することができるので、レジストを薄膜化することが可能となる。
また、遮光膜を3層構造として、表面反射防止層および/または裏面反射防止層をエッチング速度の速いアモルファス構造とすることによって、オーバーエッチング時間を短くでき、遮光膜全体のエッチング時間を短縮することができる。
さらに、表面反射防止層および/または裏面反射防止層をアモルファス構造とすることによって、遮光膜の膜応力を小さくすることが可能となる。
このようなCr系材料は、酸化した材料ほど塩素系ガスに対するエッチング速度が速くなる。また、酸化した材料ほどではないが、窒化した材料も塩素系ガスに対するエッチング速度が速くなる。
そこで、表面反射防止層および裏面反射防止層のCr含有比率を50atm%以下、より好ましくは40atm%以下、NとOの合計が40atm%以上、より好ましくは50atm%以上と高酸化または高窒化させることが好ましい。Crの含有量が50atm%を越える、もしくはNとOの含有量の合計が40atm%未満であると、遮光膜のエッチング時間が長くなってしまう場合がある。
遷移領域は、図3(1)における増加モードで35~50sccmの領域、図3(2)における増加モードで35~50sccmの領域、図3(3)における増加モードで43~50sccmの領域である。
反応領域は、図3(1)における減少モードで50~35sccmの領域、図3(2)における減少モードで50~35sccmの領域、図3(3)における減少モードで48~32sccmの領域である。
本発明に記載する平坦度とはTIR(Total Indicated Reading)で表される表面の反り(変形量)を表す値である。なお、本発明においては6インチ基板の中心における142×142mmのエリア内の測定値をもって平坦度とする。
なお、本明細書において、表面粗さは、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)を用いて測定し、10nm角範囲の高さデータをもとに、Ra(中心線表面粗さ)を求めた。
そこで、遮光層の膜厚は、裏面反射防止層の膜厚の40%以下が好ましく、15%以下がさらに好ましい。
本発明の第1の態様のフォトマスクブランクの薄膜がCr系エッチングマスク膜を含む場合について説明する。
例えば、基板上に、MoSi系遮光膜とCr系エッチングマスク膜とをこの順に設けたフォトマスクブランクを用いる。そして、膜厚の薄いCr系エッチングマスク膜を用いることによって、レジストへの負担が軽減され、Cr系エッチングマスク膜にマスクパターンを転写したときの解像性の低下は改善される。この構成によって、レジスト膜を薄膜化することが可能となる。
しかしながら、レジスト膜厚を100nm以下にしようとすると、パターン形状の悪化が顕著であり、エッチングマスク膜にマスクパターンを転写したときのLERが悪化してしまうため、エッチングマスク膜のエッチング時間を短縮する必要があることを本発明者は見出した。
エッチングマスク膜の好ましい材料、組成比および成膜条件は、上述のCr系遮光膜における表面反射防止層または裏面反射防止層と同様である。
また、レジスト塗布前の加熱処理による平坦度変化を防止するため、エッチングマスク膜を成膜後、上述のCr系遮光膜と同様の条件で加熱処理を施すことが好ましい。エッチングマスク膜の場合にも、加熱処理後の平坦度は10nm以下であることが好ましい。
また、遮光膜は、Ta系の材料でもよい。
本発明者の発明者は、透光性基板上に形成された遮光膜の加工を行う際に、
(1)遮光層および表面反射防止層の2層構造では、下層の遮光層をエッチング速度が遅い材料で形成するとオーバーエッチング時間が長く必要になり、トータルエッチング時間が長くなってしまう一方、下層をエッチング速度が速い材料で形成するとクリアエッチング時間は短縮されるがローディングによってオーバーエッチング時間が長くなってしまう場合があるため、2層構造ではエッチング時間を短縮することが困難であること、
(2)オーバーエッチング時間を短くするために、裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層の3層構造とし、最下層の裏面反射防止層に遮光層よりもエッチング速度の速い材料を用いることが好ましいこと、
(3)3層構造とした場合、オーバーエッチング時間を短縮し、さらに遮光膜パターンの断面形状を良好にするために、エッチング速度の遅い中間層の膜厚を全体膜厚の30%以下に調整することが好ましいこと、
を見出し、第1の態様のフォトマスクブランクの発明を完成した。
透光性基板上に遮光膜を有し、
前記遮光膜は、透光性基板に近い側から裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層が順に積層された積層構造を有し、
遮光膜全体の膜厚が60nm以下であり、
裏面反射防止層は、金属を含有する膜からなり、第1のエッチング速度を有し、
表面反射防止層は、金属を含有する膜からなり、第3のエッチング速度を有し、
遮光層は、裏面反射防止層または表面反射防止層に含まれる金属と同じ金属を含有する膜からなり、第1のエッチング速度および第3のエッチング速度よりも遅い第2のエッチング速度を有し、
遮光層の膜厚は、遮光膜全体の膜厚の30%以下であることを特徴とするフォトマスクブランクである。
そこで、第2の態様のフォトマスクブランクでは、遮光層の膜厚は、裏面反射防止層の膜厚の40%以下が好ましく、15%以下がさらに好ましい。
そこで、第2の態様のフォトマスクブランクでは、遮光層と表面反射防止層の膜厚比は、1.0:0.7~1.0:7.0、より好ましくは1.0:2.0~1.0:7.0であることが好ましい。このような膜厚比を有することによって、エッチングが意図されていない部分がさらにエッチングされるのを抑制できるため断面形状が良好になり、パターンの再現性を良好にすることができる。
遮光膜を構成する金属を含有する層に酸素を含有させるとエッチング速度が上昇するが、単位膜厚当りの光学濃度が小さくなるため、遮光層の膜厚が厚くなってしまう。また、縦方向にエッチング速度差の無い単一速度の膜はローディングによる断面形状バラツキが発生しやすい。
また、ArFエキシマレーザ光で露光されるフォトマスクの場合、半導体基板等の被転写物からの反射光が再び被転写物に戻ってパターン精度を悪化させるのを防止するために、裏面反射防止層および表面反射防止層を有する構成が好ましい。しかし、この積層構造で遮光膜が一定膜厚(たとえば60nm)以下の制限があるなかで膜設計を行う場合、遮光層の膜厚が厚くなると、裏面または表面反射防止層の膜厚を薄くしなければならないが、単に薄くしただけでは全体の遮光性や反射率等の光学特性が確保されなくなる。
透光性基板上に遮光膜を有し、
前記遮光膜は、透光性基板に近い側から裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層が順に積層された積層構造を有し、
遮光膜全体の膜厚が60nm以下であり、
裏面反射防止層は、金属を含有する膜からなり、第1のエッチング速度を有し、
表面反射防止層は、金属を含有する膜からなり、第3のエッチング速度を有し、
遮光層は、裏面反射防止層または表面反射防止層に含まれる金属と同じ金属および窒素を含有する金属窒化膜からなり、第1のエッチング速度および第3のエッチング速度よりも遅い第2のエッチング速度を有することを特徴とする。
(1) 本発明の第4の態様のArFエキシマレーザ光が適用されるフォトマスクを作製するために用いられるフォトマスクブランクは、
透光性基板上に遮光膜を有し、
遮光膜は、遮光層と少なくとも一層の反射防止層とを備え、遮光膜全体の光学濃度が1.8~3.1であり、
遮光層の光学濃度と全ての反射防止層の光学濃度の総和との比が1:5~1:19であり、
遮光層は、金属を含有する膜からなり、
反射防止層は、遮光層に含まれる金属と同じ金属、NおよびOを含有する膜からなり、NとOの含有量の合計が40~65atom%であることを特徴とする。
OD(遮光膜全体)=OD(表面反射防止層)+OD(遮光層)+OD(反射防止層)
また、本明細書において、「単位膜厚当りの光学濃度」は、下記の関係を満たす。
単位膜厚当りのOD(nm-1)=膜(層)のOD/膜(層)厚
前記遮光膜は、透光性基板に近い側から裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層が順に積層された積層構造を有し、
裏面反射防止層の光学濃度が1.1~1.3であり、
遮光層の光学濃度が0.1~0.3であり、
表面反射防止層の光学濃度が0.4~0.6である態様が含まれる。
当該態様のフォトマスクブランクは、各層の光学濃度をこれらの範囲内にすることにより、所望の膜厚、エッチング速度および光学特性を有する遮光膜を容易に得ることができる。
裏面反射防止層の、NとOの含有量の合計が40~55atom%であり、
遮光層のNとOの含有量の合計が30atom%以下であり、
表面反射防止層のNとOの含有量の合計が45~65atom%である態様が含まれる。
当該態様のフォトマスクブランクは、各層のNとOの含有量を所定の範囲内にすることにより、所望の膜厚、エッチング速度および光学特性を有する遮光膜を容易に得ることができる。
本発明の第5の態様のArFエキシマレーザ光が適用されるフォトマスクを作製するために用いられるフォトマスクブランクは、
透光性基板上に遮光膜を有し、
前記遮光膜は、透光性基板に近い側から裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層が順に積層された積層構造を有し、
裏面反射防止層は、Crのターゲットを用い、不活性ガスが45~65vol%、CO2ガスが30~50vol%、N2ガスが1~15vol%である混合ガス雰囲気中で形成されたCrOCN膜からなり、
遮光層は、Crのターゲットを用い、不活性ガスが70~90vol%、N2ガスが5~25vol%である混合ガス雰囲気中で形成されたCrN膜からなり、
表面反射防止層は、Crのターゲットを用い、不活性ガスが40~60vol%、CO2ガスが25~45vol%、N2ガスが5~20vol%である混合ガス雰囲気中で形成されたCrOCN膜からなることを特徴とする。
これに対して、CO2ガスを用いた場合には、比較的ガス圧の低い状態で酸化度の制御が可能であり、膜質がもろくならない程度のガス流量下で成膜することができる。
そこで、欠陥品質を良好にするという点から、第5の態様のフォトマスクブランクは、遮光膜を構成する相を形成するために用いる雰囲気ガスとしてCO2ガスを用いることが好ましい。
(1) 本発明の第6の態様のArFエキシマレーザ光が適用されるフォトマスクを作製するために用いられるフォトマスクブランクは、
透光性基板上に遮光膜を有し、
前記遮光膜は、透光性基板に近い側から裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層が順に積層された積層構造を有し、
裏面反射防止層は、金属の含有量が25~50atm%、NとOの含有量の合計が35~65atm%であり、および、光学濃度が1.1~1.3であり、
遮光層は、金属とNを含み、金属の含有量が50~90atm%、膜厚が2~6nm、および、光学濃度が0.1~0.3であり、
表面反射防止層は、金属の含有量が25~50atm%、NとOの含有量の合計が45~65atm%であり、および、光学濃度が0.4~0.6であることを特徴とする。
第6の態様のフォトマスクブランクの遮光層において、Nの含有量が3~25atm%であることが好ましい。さらに、フォトマスクブランクの遮光層において、単位膜厚当たりの光学濃度が0.05~0.06nm-1であることが好ましい。
遮光層は、Crの含有量が50~90atm%、Nの含有量が3~25atm%含み、かつ、光学濃度が0.1~0.3であり、
表面反射防止層は、Crの含有量が30~40atm%、NとOの含有量の合計が50~60atm%であり、かつ、光学濃度が0.4~0.6である態様が含まれる。
裏面反射防止層は、第1のエッチング速度を有し、
表面反射防止層は、第3のエッチング速度を有し、
遮光層は、第1のエッチング速度および第3のエッチング速度よりも遅い第2のエッチング速度を有する態様が含まれる。
7.1 エッチング速度
第1の態様の薄膜がCr系遮光膜のフォトマスクブランク、第2~第6の態様のフォトマスクブランクにおいて、「第2のエッチング速度<第1のエッチング速度≦第3のエッチング速度」の関係であると、パターンの断面の角度が垂直に近づくため好ましい。また、第1のエッチング速度<第3のエッチング速度とすれば、さらにパターンの断面の角度が垂直に近づくため好ましい。
第1の態様の薄膜がCr系遮光膜のフォトマスクブランク、第2~第6の態様のフォトマスクブランクにおいて、反射防止層が裏面反射防止層と表面反射防止層を含む場合、裏面反射防止層または表面反射防止層は、Crの含有量が50atm%以下であり、少なくともO、C、Nの何れかを含む層であり、遮光層は、Crの含有量が50atm%以上の膜であることが好ましい。このような構成を有することによって、第2のエッチング速度<第1または第3のエッチング速度の関係を有する膜を容易に形成することができるからである。
第1の態様の薄膜がCr系遮光膜のフォトマスクブランク、第2~第6の態様のフォトマスクブランクにおいて、ArFエキシマレーザ光に対する遮光層の単位膜厚当たりの光学濃度が0.05nm-1以上であることが好ましい。
第1の態様の薄膜がCr系遮光膜のフォトマスクブランク、第2~第6の態様のフォトマスクブランクにおいて、遮光膜上に膜厚が200nm以下、より好ましくは150nm以下のレジスト膜を設けてもよい。
本明細書において、「フォトマスクブランク」は、バイナリーマスクブランクおよびハーフトーン型位相シフトマスクブランクを含み、また、「フォトマスク」はバイナリーマスクおよび位相シフトマスクを含む概念である。
ハーフトーン型位相シフトマスクブランクは、位相シフター膜の透過率は、2~40%であることが好ましい。
また、ハーフトーン型位相シフトマスクブランクでは、遮光膜全体の膜厚が50nm以下であり、位相シフター膜の透過率は、2~6%であるフォトマスクブランクが好ましい。他方、転写されるパターンの解像性を高めるためには、位相シフター膜の透過率が7~20%であると好ましい。
本発明のフォトマスクブランクから得られるフォトマスクとその製造方法について説明する。
本発明のフォトマスクは、開口数がNA>1の露光方法および200nm以下の露光光波長を利用して半導体デザインルールにおけるDRAMハーフピッチ(hp)45nm以降の微細パターンの形成するパターン転写方法において使用されるマスクとして特に有用である。
(フォトマスクブランクの作製)
本実施例では、透光性基板10上に位相シフター膜5と3つの層からなる遮光膜とが設けられたハーフトーン型位相シフトマスクブランクを製造した(図1参照)。
表1にも示すように、スパッタリング(DCスパッタリング)の条件は以下のとおりであった。
スパッタターゲット:MoとSiとの混合ターゲット(Mo:Si=8:92mol%)
スパッタガス:ArとN2とHeとの混合ガス雰囲気(Ar:9sccm、N2:81sccm、He:76sccm)
放電中のガス圧:0.3Pa
印加電力:2.8kW
表面反射防止層1:Ar=21.0vol%、CO2=36.8vol%、N2=10.5vol%、He=31.6vol%
遮光層2:Ar=83.3vol%、N2=16.7vol%
裏面反射防止層3:Ar=22.0vol%、CO2=38.9vol%、N2=5.6vol%、He=33.3vol%
原子数密度=面密度/膜厚
上記手法により、表面反射防止層1の原子数密度を算出した。
このように、本実施例の遮光膜は、オゾン処理に対して高い耐薬性を有していることが確認された。
得られたフォトマスクブランク上に、電子線描画(露光)用化学増幅型ポジレジスト(PRL009:富士フィルムエレクトロニクスマテリアルズ社製)をスピンコート法により膜厚が150nmとなるように塗布した。形成されたレジスト膜に対し、電子線描画装置を用いて所望のパターン描画を行った後、所定の現像液で現像してレジストパターンを形成した。
上記遮光膜のドライエッチングにおいて、各層のエッチング速度は表1のとおりであった。遮光膜全体のクリアエッチング時間は84.5secであり、後述の比較例1と比べて8%程度の短縮が確認された。また、SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy)を用いて遮光膜パターンを断面観察したところ、遮光膜の断面の角度が基板に対して垂直に形成され良好であった。さらに、オーバーエッチング時間を短くしても垂直な断面形状が得られ、トータルエッチング時間は比較例1と比べて20%程度短縮可能であることが確認された。
その後、残存するレジストパターンを剥離して、再度レジスト膜を塗布し、転写領域内の不要な遮光膜パターンを除去するためのパターン露光を行った後、該レジスト膜を現像してレジストパターンを形成した。次いで、ウェットエッチングを行って、不要な遮光膜パターンを除去し、残存するレジストパターンを剥離して、フォトマスクを得た。
得られたフォトマスクに対して、解像性評価を行った。レジスト膜の解像性は良好であり、遮光膜パターンの解像性は60nm(DRAM hp32nmに相当)未満であった。
本実施例では、透光性基板10上に3つの層からなる遮光膜が設けられたバイナリーマスクブランクを製造した(図2参照)。
すなわち、スパッタリングの条件を表1に示すとおりに設定した以外は実施例1と同じ条件で反応性スパッタリングを行った。
表面反射防止層1:Ar=21.0vol%、CO2=36.8vol%、N2=10.5vol%、He=31.6vol%
遮光層2:Ar=30.8vol%、NO=23.1vol%、He=46.2vol%
裏面反射防止層3:Ar=23.5vol%、CO2=29.4vol%、N2=11.8vol%、He=35.3vol%
このように、本実施例の遮光膜は、オゾン処理に対して高い耐薬性を有していることが確認された。
上記遮光膜のドライエッチングにおいて、各層のエッチング速度は表1のとおりであった。また、実施例1と同様に遮光膜パターンを観察したところ、ややテーパーがあるが、遮光膜の断面の角度が基板に対して垂直に形成され良好であった。さらに、オーバーエッチング時間を短くしても垂直な断面形状が得られ、トータルエッチング時間を比較例2と比べて25%程度短縮可能であることが確認された。
得られたフォトマスクに対して、解像性評価を行った。レジスト膜の解像性は良好であり、遮光膜パターンの解像性は70nm(DRAM hp45nmに相当)未満であった。
本実施例では、実施例2において、遮光層2の成膜条件および膜厚、裏面反射防止層の膜厚を変更する以外は、実施例2と同様のバイナリーマスクブランクを製造した。
すなわち、スパッタリングの条件を表1に示すとおりに設定した以外は実施例2と同じ条件で反応性スパッタリングを行った。
表面反射防止層1:Ar=21.0vol%、CO2=36.8vol%、N2=10.5vol%、He=31.6vol%
遮光層2:Ar=27.2vol%、NO=18.2vol%、He=54.5vol%
裏面反射防止層3:Ar=23.5vol%、CO2=29.4vol%、N2=11.8vol%、He=35.3vol%
その結果、遮光膜の膜厚はオゾン水の噴霧によって変化しなかった。また、表面反射率は、波長193nmの光では-0.02%変化した。遮光膜の光学濃度は、-0.06変化した。
このように、本実施例の遮光膜は、オゾン処理に対して高い耐薬性を有していることが確認された。
上記遮光膜のドライエッチングにおいて、各層のエッチング速度は表1のとおりであった。また、実施例1と同様に遮光膜パターンを観察したところ、遮光膜の断面の角度が基板に対して垂直に形成され良好であった。さらに、オーバーエッチング時間を短くしても垂直な断面形状が得られ、トータルエッチング時間を比較例2と比べて25%程度短縮可能であることが確認された。
得られたフォトマスクに対して、解像性評価を行った。レジスト膜の解像性は良好であり、遮光膜パターンの解像性は70nm(DRAM hp45nmに相当)未満であった。
本比較例では、2つの層からなる遮光膜を有するハーフトーン型位相シフトマスクブランクを製造した。
具体的には、インライン型スパッタ装置を用い、実施例1と同様の位相シフター膜上に、遮光層を形成した。スパッタリング(DCスパッタリング)の条件は以下のとおりであった。
スパッタターゲット:Cr
スパッタガス:ArとN2とHeとの混合ガス雰囲気(Ar:30sccm、N2:30sccm、He:40sccm)
放電中のガス圧:0.2Pa
印加電力:0.8kW
スパッタターゲット:クロム(Cr)
スパッタガス:アルゴン(Ar)とメタン(CH4)との混合ガス(CH4:3.5体積%)、NOおよびHeが混合されたガス(Ar+CH4:65sccm、NO:3sccm、He:40sccm)
放電中のガス圧:0.3Pa
印加電力:0.3kW
その結果、表面反射防止層(膜厚24nm)の膜組成は、Crが34atom%、Оが32atom%およびNが23atom%であった。また、表面反射防止層のクロム比は、О/Crが0.9およびN/Crが0.7であった。さらに、表面反射防止層の原子数密度は、7.4×1022atms/cm3であった。
遮光層(膜厚24nm)の膜組成は、Crが59atom%およびNが39atom%であった。また、遮光層のクロム比は、N/Crが0.7であった。
なお、インライン型スパッタ装置を用いたため、遮光層および表面反射防止層は各々膜厚方向に組成が傾斜した傾斜膜であった。したがって、上記膜組成は平均値である。
その結果、遮光膜の膜厚はオゾン水の噴霧によって、膜厚が5.8nm減少した。また、表面反射率は、波長193nmの光では+2.72%変化した。遮光膜の光学濃度は、-0.38変化した。
その結果、波長193nmの光では+2.5%(19.8%→22.3%)、257nmの光では+9.1%(16.4%→25.5%)、365nmでは+13.9%(19.9%→33.8%)、488nmでは+11.0%(29.9%→40.9%)変化した。
これにより、実施例1と2に比べて、本比較例の遮光膜は、オゾン処理に対して耐薬性が低いことが確認された。
上記遮光膜のドライエッチングにおいて、エッチング速度は実施例1よりも遅かった。遮光膜全体のクリアエッチング時間は92.0secであった。また、実施例1と同様に遮光膜パターンを観察したところ、遮光膜の断面の角度が基板に対して垂直に形成されなかった。このため、位相シフター膜パターンの断面形状も良好ではなかった。
得られたフォトマスクに対して、解像性評価を行った。レジスト膜の解像性は悪く、エッチング不良により、遮光膜パターンの解像性は80nm以上であった。
本比較例では、遮光膜を2つの層からなる遮光膜を有するバイナリーマスクブランクを製造した。
具体的には、インライン型スパッタ装置を用い、透光性基板上に、遮光層を形成した。スパッタリング(DCスパッタリング)の条件は以下のとおりであった。
スパッタターゲット:Cr
スパッタガス:ArとN2とHeとの混合ガス雰囲気(Ar:72sccm、N2:28sccm)
放電中のガス圧:0.3Pa
印加電力:0.6kW
スパッタターゲット:クロム(Cr)
スパッタガス:アルゴン(Ar)とメタン(CH4)との混合ガス(CH4:8体積%)、NOおよびHeが混合されたガス(Ar+CH4:105sccm、NO:3sccm)
放電中のガス圧:0.3Pa
印加電力:1.1kW
その結果、表面反射防止層の膜組成は、Crが48atom%、ОおよびNの合計が50atom%であった。遮光層2の膜組成は、Crが60atom%、ОおよびNの合計が30atom%であった。なお、インライン型スパッタ装置を用いたため、遮光層および表面反射防止層は各々膜厚方向に組成が傾斜した傾斜膜であった。したがって、上記膜組成は平均値である。
その結果、当該フォトマスクブランクの遮光膜の膜厚はオゾン水の噴霧によって、膜厚が4.2nm減少した。また、表面反射率は、波長193nmの光では+5.30%変化した。遮光膜の光学濃度は、-2.60変化した。
上記遮光膜のドライエッチングにおいて、エッチング速度は実施例2よりも遅かった。また、実施例1と同様に遮光膜パターンを観察したところ、実施例2に比べて、遮光膜の断面の角度が基板に対して垂直に形成されなかった。
得られたフォトマスクに対して、解像性評価を行った。レジスト膜の解像性は悪く、エッチング不良により、遮光膜パターンの解像性は80nm以上であった。
本実施例では、遮光膜をCr系からMoSi系に変え、該遮光膜上にCr系エッチングマスク膜が設けられたバイナリーマスクブランクを製造した。遮光膜として、MoSiON膜(裏面反射防止層)、MoSi膜(遮光層)、MoSiON膜(表面反射防止層)を、エッチングマスク膜としてCrOCN膜を、それぞれ形成した。
次いで、Mo:Si=21mol%:79mol%のターゲットを用い、Arをスパッタリングガス圧0.1Pa、DC電源の電力を2.0kWで、モリブデンおよびシリコンからなる膜(Mo:21.0atm%、Si:79.0atm%)を30nmの膜厚で形成し、MoSi膜(遮光層)を形成した。
遮光膜の合計膜厚は52nmとした。遮光膜の光学濃度(OD)はArFエキシマレーザ露光光の波長193nmにおいて3.0であった。
その後、実施例1の表面反射防止層と同じ条件で、CrOCN(Cr:34atm%、C:11atm%、O:39atm%、N:16atm%)からなるエッチングマスク膜を膜厚15nmで形成した。
以上のようにして、本実施例のフォトマスクブランクを作製した。
次に、レジスト膜に対し、電子線描画装置を用いて所望のパターンの描画を行った後、所定の現像液で現像してレジストパターンを形成した。次に、レジストパターンをマスクとして、エッチングマスク膜のドライエッチングを行った。ドライエッチングガスとして、Cl2とO2の混合ガス(Cl2:O2=4:1)を用いた。
次いで、残留したレジストパターンを薬液により剥離除去した。
次いで、エッチングマスク膜パターンをマスクにして、遮光膜を、SF6とHeの混合ガスを用い、ドライエッチングを行い、遮光膜パターンを形成した。
次いで、エッチングマスク膜パターンを、Cl2とO2の混合ガスでドライエッチングによって剥離し、所定の洗浄を施してフォトマスクを得た。
本実施例は、遮光膜に関し、MoSiON膜(裏面反射防止層)を形成しなかったこと、遮光膜におけるMoSi膜(遮光層)及びMoSiON膜(表面反射防止層)に関し、下記条件で成膜を行い、MoSi膜(遮光層)をMoSiN膜(遮光層)に変え、その膜厚及び膜中のSi含有率を変化させたこと、MoSiON膜(表面反射防止層)の膜厚を変化させたこと、遮光膜の合計膜厚を変化させたこと、を除き、実施例4と同様である。
遮光膜におけるMoSiN膜(遮光層)は、モリブデン、シリコンおよび窒素からなる膜(Mo:7.1atm%、Si:71.7atm%、N:18.2atm%)を52nmの膜厚で形成した。また、遮光膜におけるMoSiON膜(表面反射防止層)は、モリブデン、シリコン、酸素、窒素からなる膜(Mo:2.6atm%、Si:57.1atm%、O:15.9atm%、N:24.1atm%)を8nmの膜厚で形成した。
遮光膜の合計膜厚は60nmとした。遮光膜の光学濃度(OD)はArFエキシマレーザ露光光の波長193nmにおいて3.0であった。
以上のようにして、本実施例のバイナリーマスクブランクを作製した。
実施例4と同様にして、フォトマスクを得た。得られたフォトマスクに対して、解像性評価を行った。レジスト膜の解像性は良好であり、また、エッチングマスク膜のLERも良好であり、得られたフォトマスクにおける遮光膜パターンの解像性は40nm(DRAM hp22nmに相当)未満であった。
本比較例は、エッチングマスク膜をCrNに変えたことを除き、実施例5と同様である。すなわち、クロムターゲットを使用し、ArとN2をスパッタリングガス圧0.2Pa(ガス流量比 Ar:N2:He=18:18:32)とし、DC電源の電力を1.8kWで、CrN膜(膜中のCr含有率:90原子%)からなるエッチングマスク膜を15nmで形成した。
また、得られたフォトマスクブランクの断面をTEM(透過型電子顕微鏡)およびX線回折装置(XRD)で観察したところ、表面反射防止層は密度の低いポーラス状柱状構造であった。原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)を用いて表面粗さを測定したところ、Ra=0.70nmであった。
実施例4と同様にして、フォトマスクを得た。得られたフォトマスクに対して、解像性評価を行った。レジスト膜の解像性は悪く、また、エッチングマスク膜のLERも大きく、得られたフォトマスクにおける遮光膜パターンの解像性は70nm以上であった。
Claims (10)
- ArFエキシマレーザ光が適用されるフォトマスクを作製するために用いられるフォトマスクブランクであって、
透光性基板上に、多層構造の薄膜を有し、
前記薄膜の最上層は、クロムと、窒素、酸素および炭素のうち少なくとも一つとを含む材料からなるアモルファス構造であるフォトマスクブランク。 - 前記薄膜の最上層の表面粗さは、Raにおいて0.50nm以下である、請求項1に記載のフォトマスクブランク。
- 前記薄膜の最上層は、クロムの含有量が50atm%以下、窒素と酸素の含有量の合計が40atm%以上である、請求項1または2に記載のフォトマスクブランク。
- 前記薄膜は、前記透光性基板に近い側から裏面反射防止層、遮光層および表面反射防止層が順に積層された遮光膜を有し、
表面反射防止層が前記薄膜の最上層である、請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランク。 - 前記裏面反射防止層が、クロムと、窒素、酸素および炭素のうち少なくとも一つとを含む材料からなるアモルファス構造である、請求項4に記載のフォトマスクブランク。
- 前記遮光膜における遮光層の膜厚は、遮光膜全体の膜厚の30%以下である、請求項4または5に記載のフォトマスクブランク。
- 前記遮光膜における遮光層の膜厚は、裏面反射防止層の膜厚の40%以下である、請求項4ないし6のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランク。
- 前記薄膜は、遮光膜とエッチングマスク膜とを有し、
エッチングマスク膜が前記薄膜の最上層である、請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランク。 - 前記薄膜は、位相シフター膜と遮光膜とを有し、
位相シフター膜が透光性基板と遮光膜との間に配置されている、請求項1ないし8のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランク。 - 請求項1ないし9のいずれかに記載のフォトマスクブランクを用いて作製されるフォトマスク。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2009123170A1 (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
TWI497190B (zh) | 2015-08-21 |
TWI457696B (zh) | 2014-10-21 |
KR20110002053A (ko) | 2011-01-06 |
TW201541185A (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
JP6082421B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
JPWO2009123172A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
KR101696487B1 (ko) | 2017-01-13 |
JP5738931B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
TW201001060A (en) | 2010-01-01 |
KR20160054612A (ko) | 2016-05-16 |
JP2015156037A (ja) | 2015-08-27 |
JP5562834B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
US8304147B2 (en) | 2012-11-06 |
TWI572972B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
US20140057199A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
KR101726553B1 (ko) | 2017-04-12 |
US20110305978A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
JP5579056B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
KR101584383B1 (ko) | 2016-01-11 |
JP2013231998A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
KR20100134074A (ko) | 2010-12-22 |
US8512916B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 |
JPWO2009123170A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
US9075314B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
TW200949431A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
US20110104592A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
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