WO2009096239A1 - タイヤ組付装置、タイヤ組付方法、作業装置及び作業方法 - Google Patents
タイヤ組付装置、タイヤ組付方法、作業装置及び作業方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009096239A1 WO2009096239A1 PCT/JP2009/050527 JP2009050527W WO2009096239A1 WO 2009096239 A1 WO2009096239 A1 WO 2009096239A1 JP 2009050527 W JP2009050527 W JP 2009050527W WO 2009096239 A1 WO2009096239 A1 WO 2009096239A1
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- tire
- nut
- tightening
- working mechanism
- unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
- B23P19/069—Multi-spindle machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P21/00—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/08—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
- B25J15/10—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
- B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
- B62D65/024—Positioning of sub-units or components with respect to body shell or other sub-units or components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
- B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
- B62D65/12—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components the sub-units or components being suspensions, brakes or wheel units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/50—Other automobile vehicle parts, i.e. manufactured in assembly lines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49764—Method of mechanical manufacture with testing or indicating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49764—Method of mechanical manufacture with testing or indicating
- Y10T29/49769—Using optical instrument [excludes mere human eyeballing]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49828—Progressively advancing of work assembly station or assembled portion of work
- Y10T29/49829—Advancing work to successive stations [i.e., assembly line]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
- Y10T29/49948—Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53039—Means to assemble or disassemble with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53039—Means to assemble or disassemble with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
- Y10T29/53048—Multiple station assembly or disassembly apparatus
- Y10T29/53052—Multiple station assembly or disassembly apparatus including position sensor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53313—Means to interrelatedly feed plural work parts from plural sources without manual intervention
- Y10T29/53383—Means to interrelatedly feed plural work parts from plural sources without manual intervention and means to fasten work parts together
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/534—Multiple station assembly or disassembly apparatus
- Y10T29/53417—Means to fasten work parts together
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53687—Means to assemble or disassemble by rotation of work part
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53909—Means comprising hand manipulatable tool
- Y10T29/53913—Aligner or center
- Y10T29/53922—Auto wheel with auto chassis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tire assembling apparatus and a tire assembling method for automatically assembling a tire with respect to a hub bolt of a vehicle.
- the present invention also relates to a work apparatus and work method for automatically performing a predetermined work on a work.
- a tire that is one of heavy parts is automatically assembled to a car body using a robot.
- a tire assembling apparatus applied to this kind of work usually includes a tire gripping portion for gripping a tire and a plurality of nut runners for tightening a hub nut to a hub bolt provided on the vehicle body side.
- This type of tire assembling apparatus includes, for example, a plurality of nut runners capable of disposing nuts corresponding to the number of hub bolts of a vehicle at predetermined circumferential intervals, as disclosed in JP 2000-210825 A, for example.
- a nut assembly mechanism that automatically assembles tires to the vehicle, a nut supply mechanism that supplies the nuts one by one in a vertical posture, and the nut that is fed from the nut supply mechanism.
- a nut arrangement mechanism is provided which is arranged to circulate corresponding to the circumferential interval at which all are arranged and to deliver the nut to the nut runner.
- a tire gripping means for gripping a tire and a plurality of nut runners for tightening the tire on a vehicle are mounted on a single robot.
- a single robot is provided with a tire gripping means for gripping a tire and a plurality of nut runners for tightening the tire on a vehicle.
- the present invention responds to this type of request, and provides a tire assembling apparatus and a tire assembling method capable of efficiently performing automatic tire assembling work with a simple and compact configuration. Objective.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a working device and a working method capable of efficiently performing a predetermined work with a simple and compact configuration.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a tire assembling apparatus and a tire assembling method capable of assembling a tire relatively easily even in a vehicle having a small clearance between the tire and the fender.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a tire assembling apparatus and a tire assembling method for realizing downsizing and cost saving of the entire equipment.
- the present invention relates to a tire assembling apparatus for automatically assembling a tire with respect to a hub bolt of a vehicle.
- the tire assembling apparatus includes a tire gripping means for gripping a tire, a first working mechanism for temporarily fastening a nut to a hub bolt on which the tire is disposed, and a temporarily tightened nut. And a second working mechanism provided with a final fastening means for fastening.
- the first working mechanism is provided with the tire gripping means and the nut temporary fastening means
- the second working mechanism is provided with the final fastening means.
- the actuator for example, the motor
- the actuator is particularly reduced in size and weight at a time as compared with the fastening means integrally performed until the final fastening. Accordingly, it is possible to easily reduce the size and weight of the entire first working mechanism.
- the tire assembly work is shared by the first work mechanism and the second work mechanism. As a result, a plurality of operations can be performed in parallel, and the entire tire assembly operation can be shortened and made more efficient.
- the second working mechanism is provided with a detection sensor that detects the hub bolt position of the vehicle.
- the tire assembling apparatus processes a bolt hole detection sensor for detecting a bolt hole of a tire arranged in the tire supply unit, a hub bolt position information of the vehicle, and a bolt hole position information of the tire, and performs a first operation. It is preferable to provide a control mechanism for controlling the operation of the mechanism.
- the nut temporary fastening means includes a plurality of detachable nut runners and a single rotation drive source that rotates the plurality of nut runners integrally.
- the final tightening means includes two nut runners and an interval adjusting unit capable of adjusting an interval between the two nut runners.
- the tire assembling apparatus includes a third working mechanism for aligning the nuts corresponding to the nut temporary fastening means.
- the present invention relates to a tire assembling method for automatically assembling a tire with respect to a hub bolt of a vehicle.
- a tire is gripped by a first working mechanism, a nut is temporarily fastened to a hub bolt on which the tire is disposed, and a temporary fastening is performed by the first working mechanism via a second working mechanism. Tightening the nut.
- first working mechanism and the second working mechanism perform each work in parallel without interfering with each other.
- this tire assembling method preferably includes a step of detecting the hub bolt position of the vehicle by the second working mechanism.
- the tire assembling method includes a step of detecting a bolt hole of a tire arranged in the tire supply unit, a hub bolt position information of the vehicle, and a bolt hole position information of the tire, based on the first working mechanism. And a step of controlling the operation.
- the first working mechanism and the second working mechanism are arranged at the tire mounting station, and the vehicle includes a front wheel hub bolt and a rear wheel hub bolt at the tire mounting station. It is preferable that the sheets are intermittently conveyed so as to be sequentially arranged.
- the present invention relates to a tire assembling apparatus for automatically assembling a tire with respect to a hub bolt of a vehicle.
- the tire assembling apparatus includes a tire gripping means for gripping a tire and a hub bolt on which the tire is disposed.
- a first working mechanism provided with a nut temporary fastening means for temporarily fastening the nut, and a first fastening portion disposed corresponding to the first mounting portion on the front wheel side or the rear wheel side of the vehicle, and finally tightening the temporarily tightened nut.
- a third working mechanism for providing fastening means.
- the first working mechanism is provided with the tire gripping means and the nut temporary fastening means
- the second working mechanism is provided with the first final fastening means
- the third working mechanism is provided with the second final fastening means.
- the actuator for example, the motor
- the actuator is particularly reduced in size and weight at a time as compared with the fastening means integrally performed until the final fastening. Accordingly, it is possible to easily reduce the size and weight of the entire first working mechanism.
- the tire assembly work is shared by the first work mechanism, the second work mechanism, and the third work mechanism. As a result, a plurality of operations can be performed in parallel, and the entire tire assembly operation can be shortened and made more efficient.
- the second working mechanism is provided with a first detection sensor for detecting the hub bolt position of the first mounting site
- the third working mechanism is provided with a second detection sensor for detecting the hub bolt position of the second mounting site.
- the tire assembling apparatus further includes a third detection sensor for detecting a bolt hole of the tire disposed in the tire supply unit, position information obtained from the first to third detection sensors, and a first working mechanism. It is preferable to provide a control mechanism for controlling the operation of
- the nut temporary fastening means includes a plurality of detachable nut runners and a single rotation drive source that integrally rotates the plurality of nut runners.
- each of the first and second tightening means includes two nut runners and an interval adjusting unit capable of adjusting an interval between the two nut runners.
- the present invention relates to a tire assembling method for automatically assembling a tire with respect to a hub bolt of a vehicle.
- the tire assembling method includes a step of gripping a tire by a first working mechanism, temporarily fastening a nut to a hub bolt on which the tire is disposed, and a first attachment portion on a front wheel side or a rear wheel side of the vehicle.
- a final tightening of the nut temporarily tightened by the first working mechanism via a third working mechanism arranged in this manner corresponds to the step of final tightening the nut temporarily tightened by the first working mechanism via a third working mechanism arranged in this manner.
- the first work mechanism, the second work mechanism, and the third work mechanism perform each work in parallel without interfering with each other.
- this tire assembling method preferably includes a step of detecting the hub bolt position of the first attachment site by the second working mechanism and a step of detecting the hub bolt position of the second attachment site by the third working mechanism.
- the tire assembling method includes a step of detecting a bolt hole of a tire disposed in the tire supply unit, each hub bolt position of the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion, and the bolt hole of the tire. And a step of controlling the operation of the first working mechanism based on the position.
- a working device includes a working unit that performs work on a workpiece, a first working mechanism that holds the weight of the working unit and that is movably mounted on the working unit, and the working unit or the first working unit. And a second working mechanism that is detachably connected to a part of the one working mechanism and automatically operates the working unit along the work.
- the first work mechanism holds the weight of the work unit
- the second work mechanism causes the work unit to perform an actual work
- the work unit provided to the second work mechanism The load can be effectively reduced. Accordingly, the second working mechanism can be favorably downsized, and the whole working device can be easily downsized and simplified.
- the second working mechanism when the second working mechanism is stopped for maintenance or the like, the second working mechanism can be detached from the working unit or the first working mechanism. As a result, the operator can easily operate the work unit under the assisting action of the first work mechanism.
- the first working mechanism preferably includes a balancer mechanism or an articulated robot.
- the work unit includes a nut runner that automatically tightens the nut against the hub bolt of the vehicle on which the tire is mounted.
- the working method according to the present invention includes a step of mounting a work unit that performs work on a work on a first work mechanism that retains the weight of the work unit and that is movable, and A step of detachably connecting two work mechanisms to the work unit or a part of the first work mechanism, and the work unit mounted on the first work mechanism to the work by the second work mechanism. And a step of automatically operating along the line.
- a tire assembling method uses a tire assembling apparatus including a tire transport mechanism having a pair of arms for gripping a tire, and a nut tightening mechanism for tightening a plurality of nuts to a plurality of hub bolts.
- the tire assembly method includes a tire gripping step of gripping the tire by the pair of arms, a tire positioning step of positioning the tire with respect to a tire assembly portion of a vehicle by the pair of arms, A nut tightening step of tightening each of the plurality of nuts to each of the plurality of hub bolts by the nut tightening mechanism in a state where the tire is gripped by the pair of arms, and the tire positioning step and the nut tightening step.
- the positions at which the pair of arms grips the tire are defined as upper and lower positions of the tire. And limits the.
- a tire can be assembled relatively easily even in a vehicle having a small clearance between the tire and the fender.
- the tire and the tire mounting portion are biased by the suspension, but are not subjected to reaction force from the ground, and therefore are positioned below when the tire is in contact with the ground. For this reason, the clearance between the tire attachment portion (particularly the upper portion thereof) and the fender before attaching the tire is larger than the clearance after the tire is attached and grounded.
- the position at which the pair of arms grips the tire is set at the upper portion of the tire. And limit to the bottom.
- the tire when the tire is in contact with the ground, the clearance between the left and right and upper sides of the tire and the fender is small, and even in a vehicle in which it is difficult to grip the tire with any arm, the tire can be gripped in the clearance. Therefore, the tire can be assembled relatively easily.
- the upper portion of the tire includes the uppermost portion of the tire, and an imaginary axis passing through the center of the tire and the uppermost portion of the tire is set as the symmetry axis, and 360 ° is divided by the number of bolt holes of the tire.
- the lower portion of the tire includes the lowermost portion of the tire, the imaginary axis is the axis of symmetry, and 360 ° is divided by the number of bolt holes in the tire.
- the number of the bolt holes may be four or more.
- a plurality of bolt holes are arranged at equal angles on concentric circles. For this reason, the bolt hole located on the uppermost side with respect to the height direction of the vehicle always exists within a predetermined angle range on the concentric circle from the uppermost portion on the concentric circle. Since the angle between the bolt holes is an angle obtained by dividing 360 ° by the number of bolt holes, the predetermined angle is obtained by dividing the angle into two equal parts (an angle obtained by dividing 180 ° by the number of bolt holes). It becomes the value of.
- the pair of arms One of the tires includes the uppermost portion of the tire, and the imaginary axis connecting the center of the tire and the uppermost portion of the tire is the axis of symmetry and 360 ° is equal to an angle obtained by dividing the tire by the number of bolt holes.
- a portion corresponding to the second central angle equal to may be gripped.
- a suitable limit range is set in consideration of the relationship between the position where the pair of arms grips the tire and the bolt hole of the tire. can do.
- the tire assembling method further includes a bolt hole position information acquisition step of detecting a bolt hole of the tire and acquiring bolt hole position information, and a state in which the pair of arms grips the uppermost part and the lowermost part of the tire.
- a tire alignment step of aligning the tire before the tire mounting portion of the vehicle, a hub bolt position information acquisition step of detecting the hub bolt and acquiring hub bolt position information, the plurality of bolt holes, and the plurality of bolt holes A rotation angle calculation step of calculating a rotation angle of the tire for matching the positions of the hub bolts, and a tire rotation step of rotating the tire according to the calculated rotation angle, the rotation angle calculation step Then, the rotation angle of the tire can be limited to a value obtained by dividing 180 ° by the number of the hub bolts.
- a tire assembly apparatus includes a tire transport mechanism having a pair of arms for gripping a tire, and a nut tightening mechanism for tightening each of a plurality of nuts to each of a plurality of hub bolts.
- the tire is positioned with respect to the tire assembly portion of the vehicle by the arms, and the nuts are clamped to the hub bolts by the nut tightening mechanism in a state where the tire is gripped by the pair of arms.
- the positioning of the tire and the tightening of the nut restrict the positions where the pair of arms grips the tire to the upper and lower portions of the tire.
- a tire can be assembled relatively easily even in a vehicle having a small clearance between the tire and the fender.
- the tire and the tire mounting portion are biased by the suspension, but are not subjected to reaction force from the ground, and therefore are positioned below when the tire is in contact with the ground. For this reason, the clearance between the tire attachment portion (particularly the upper portion thereof) and the fender before attaching the tire is larger than the clearance after the tire is attached and grounded.
- the position where the pair of arms grips the tire is Restrict to the top and bottom of
- the clearance between the left and right and upper sides of the tire and the fender is small, and even in a vehicle in which it is difficult to grip the tire with any arm, the tire can be gripped in the clearance. Therefore, the tire can be assembled relatively easily.
- the upper portion of the tire includes the uppermost portion of the tire, and an imaginary axis passing through the center of the tire and the uppermost portion of the tire is set as the symmetry axis, and 360 ° is divided by the number of bolt holes of the tire.
- the lower portion of the tire includes the lowermost portion of the tire, the imaginary axis is the axis of symmetry, and 360 ° is divided by the number of bolt holes in the tire.
- the number of the bolt holes may be four or more.
- a plurality of bolt holes are arranged at equal angles on concentric circles. For this reason, the bolt hole located on the uppermost side with respect to the height direction of the vehicle always exists within a predetermined angle range on the concentric circle from the uppermost portion on the concentric circle. Since the angle between the bolt holes is an angle obtained by dividing 360 ° by the number of bolt holes, the predetermined angle is obtained by dividing the angle into two equal parts (an angle obtained by dividing 180 ° by the number of bolt holes). It becomes the value of.
- the pair of arms One of the tires includes the uppermost portion of the tire, and the imaginary axis connecting the center of the tire and the uppermost portion of the tire is the axis of symmetry and 360 ° is equal to an angle obtained by dividing the tire by the number of bolt holes.
- a portion corresponding to the second central angle equal to may be gripped.
- a suitable limit range is set in consideration of the relationship between the position where the pair of arms grips the tire and the bolt hole of the tire. can do.
- a tire assembly apparatus includes a rotational driving force generator that generates rotational driving force for tightening a nut, a first tightening unit in which a plurality of nut tightening portions that tighten the nut to a hub bolt are disposed, A second fastening unit that is switchable with the first fastening unit and has a plurality of nut fastening portions arranged in a different arrangement from the first fastening unit; A rotational driving force transmitting portion that transmits the rotational driving force to the attaching unit or the second fastening unit, wherein the rotational driving force transmitting portion offsets a rotational shaft that transmits the rotational driving force.
- the offset driving mechanism can transmit the rotational driving force to both the nut tightening portion of the first tightening unit and the nut tightening portion of the second tightening unit. Characterized in that it comprises.
- a plurality of tightening units (a first tightening unit and a second tightening unit) having different nut tightening portions are arranged by offsetting a rotating shaft that transmits a rotational driving force for tightening a nut. )
- the rotational driving force can be transmitted to each nut tightening portion.
- the rotational driving force required for tightening the nuts in the plurality of tightening units can be supplied from a single rotational driving force generator.
- tires can be assembled to a plurality of vehicles having different hub bolt and bolt hole arrangements by switching between the first tightening unit and the second tightening unit without preparing a plurality of rotational driving force generation units. it can. Therefore, it is possible to realize downsizing and cost saving of the entire equipment.
- the offset mechanism includes a plurality of first shaft members coupled to the rotational driving force generation unit, a plurality of second shaft members coupled to the plurality of nut fastening portions, and the first shaft member or the first shaft member.
- You may have a some universal joint mechanism which is provided in a biaxial member and connects the 1st axial member and the 2nd axial member.
- the first shaft member or the second shaft member is formed with one of a convex portion with a tapered tip and a cylindrical concave portion that engages with the convex portion, and the universal joint mechanism includes the convex portion and the convex portion.
- the other of the concave portions is formed, and the convex portion and the concave portion engage with each other, whereby the first shaft member or the second shaft member and the universal joint mechanism are connected to transmit the rotational driving force. Can do.
- a first tightening unit in which a plurality of nut tightening portions for tightening a nut to a hub bolt are arranged, and the first tightening unit are switchable.
- a tire assembling method that switches and uses a second tightening unit in which a plurality of nut tightening portions are arranged in different arrangements, wherein the tire assembling method generates a rotational driving force for tightening the nut.
- the rotational driving force transmission step when at least one of the first fastening unit and the second fastening unit is used, the rotational shaft that transmits the rotational driving force is offset. And butterflies.
- a plurality of tightening units (a first tightening unit and a second tightening unit) having different nut tightening portions are arranged by offsetting a rotating shaft that transmits a rotational driving force for tightening a nut. )
- the rotational driving force can be transmitted to each nut tightening portion.
- the rotational driving force required for tightening the nuts in the plurality of tightening units can be supplied from a single rotational driving force generator.
- tires can be assembled to a plurality of vehicles having different hub bolt and bolt hole arrangements by switching between the first tightening unit and the second tightening unit without preparing a plurality of rotational driving force generation units. it can. Therefore, it is possible to realize downsizing and cost saving of the entire equipment.
- a tire assembling method includes a first working mechanism having a tire gripping portion and a nut tightening portion, and a second working mechanism that generates a rotational driving force for tightening the nut.
- a nut tightening step of transmitting the rotational driving force to the nut tightening portion and tightening each of the plurality of nuts to each of the plurality of hub bolts of the vehicle. And features.
- the first working mechanism grips the tire and tightens the nut
- the second working mechanism generates a rotational driving force for tightening the nut, and transmits this rotational driving force to the first working mechanism. Tighten the nut. Therefore, the first working mechanism and the second working mechanism can be effectively downsized and simplified as compared with the case where the tire is gripped and the nut is tightened by only a single working mechanism.
- the gripping of the tire and the tightening of the nut are performed by a single working mechanism (first working mechanism), the relative position between the tire and the nut becomes difficult to change, and the nut tightening position can be easily identified.
- each of the plurality of nuts is arranged corresponding to each of the plurality of hub bolts, and the nut tightening step can be performed by fixing the position of the tire gripping portion.
- the posture of the first working mechanism can be kept constant, and the control of the first working mechanism becomes easy.
- a tire assembling apparatus generates a first driving mechanism having a tire gripping portion and a nut tightening portion, and a rotational driving force for tightening the nut, and this rotational driving force is applied to the nut tightening portion.
- a second working mechanism that transmits the rotational driving force from the second working mechanism to the nut tightening portion of the first working mechanism in a state in which the tire is gripped by the tire gripping portion. And the nut is fastened to a hub bolt of a vehicle.
- the first working mechanism grips the tire and tightens the nut
- the second working mechanism generates a rotational driving force for tightening the nut, and transmits this rotational driving force to the first working mechanism. Tighten the nut. Therefore, the first working mechanism and the second working mechanism can be effectively downsized and simplified as compared with the case where the tire is gripped and the nut is tightened by only a single working mechanism. Further, since the gripping of the tire and the tightening of the nut are performed by a single working mechanism (first working mechanism), the relative position of the tire and the nut is difficult to change, and the tightening position of the nut can be easily specified.
- the nut tightening portion can hold a plurality of nuts corresponding to the plurality of hub bolts. As a result, the posture of the first working mechanism can be kept constant during nut tightening, and control of the first working mechanism is facilitated.
- the second working mechanism includes a rotational driving force transmission portion for transmitting the rotational driving force, and the nut tightening portion is engaged with the rotational driving force transmission portion corresponding to each of the plurality of hub bolts.
- an urging unit disposed between the wrench and urging the wrench toward the hub bolt. This makes it easy to tighten the nut with the nut tightening portion while fixing the position of the tire with the tire gripping portion.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view of an assembly line in which a tire assembly device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is arranged. It is principal part perspective explanatory drawing of the 1st working mechanism which comprises the tire assembly apparatus of the said 1st Embodiment. It is principal part front explanatory drawing of the 1st working mechanism of the said 1st Embodiment. It is principal part side explanatory drawing of the 1st working mechanism of the said 1st Embodiment. It is principal part perspective explanatory drawing of the 2nd working mechanism which comprises the tire assembly apparatus of the said 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram of the tire assembly apparatus of the first embodiment.
- 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the first working mechanism in the assembling method of the first embodiment. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the second working mechanism in the assembling method of the first embodiment. It is a timing chart of the assembly method of the first embodiment. It is an isometric view explanatory drawing of the assembly line by which the tire assembly apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention is arrange
- FIG. 37A is a front explanatory view of a state where the lock mechanism of the sixth embodiment does not fix the nut tightening unit.
- FIG. 37B is a front explanatory view of a state where the lock mechanism of the sixth embodiment fixes the nut tightening unit.
- It is a perspective explanatory view of a nut tightening unit stand constituting the tire assembling apparatus of the sixth embodiment.
- It is front explanatory drawing which shows the state which replaces
- FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view of an assembly line 12 in which a tire assembly device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is arranged.
- the assembly line 12 includes a conveyance path 16 that pitch conveys the vehicle body (vehicle) 14 to the tire assembly position in a state where the automobile body (vehicle) 14 is placed on the carriage 16a, and a pair of tires disposed on both sides of the conveyance path 16.
- the assembling apparatus 10 (only one side is shown in FIG. 1) automatically assembles the tire W to the hub bolt 18 of the automobile body 14.
- the tire assembling apparatus 10 includes a first work mechanism 20 and a second work mechanism 22 that are divided according to work contents to be described later.
- a first mounting portion 24 a on the front wheel side of the vehicle body 14 and a second mounting portion 24 b on the rear wheel side of the vehicle body 14 are sequentially arranged at the tire mounting work station.
- the automobile body 14 is intermittently conveyed.
- a tire loading conveyor 26 for arranging the tires W, a nut stock portion 30 for accommodating a nut 28 fastened to the hub bolt 18, and a predetermined number (five) from the nut stock portion 30.
- a third working mechanism 33 for taking out the four nuts 28 and arranging them on the nut stand 32 is provided.
- the first working mechanism 20 includes a robot main body 34, and a rotatable index base 40 is attached to a wrist portion 38 provided at the tip of an arm portion 36 of the robot main body 34.
- the index table 40 includes tire gripping means 42 for gripping the tire W, and nut temporary fastening means 44 for temporarily fastening the nut 28 to the hub bolt 18 on which the tire W is disposed. Provided.
- the tire gripping means 42 includes a mounting plate 46 that is fixed to the index base 40. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cam ring 50 is rotatably supported by the mounting plate 46 via a plurality of guide rollers 48.
- the mounting plate 46 is provided with a plurality of, for example, three guide rails 52 that are spaced apart at equal angular intervals and extend in the radial direction.
- a slide base 54 is disposed on each guide rail 52 so as to be able to advance and retreat, and the slide base 54 and the cam ring 50 are connected via a connecting rod 56.
- Each slide base 54 is provided with a tire pressing member 58.
- a cylinder 60 is swingably mounted on the mounting plate 46, and a rod 62 connected to the cylinder 60 is fixed to the cam ring 50.
- the nut temporary fastening means 44 includes a single motor 64 fixed to the mounting plate 46.
- a drive gear 66 is fixed to the rotational drive shaft 64 a of the motor 64, and a gear train 68 is engaged with the drive gear 66.
- a tool unit 70 is detachably attached to the gear train 68.
- the tool unit 70 has five (or four) nut runners 72 attached thereto. Each nut runner 72 is integrally rotated by a motor 64 via a gear train 68 and a drive gear 66.
- the second working mechanism 22 is provided with a wrist portion 78 at the tip of an arm portion 76 constituting the robot body 74.
- An index table 80 is rotatably mounted on the wrist 78.
- the indexing base 80 has a final fastening means 82 for finally fastening the nut 28 temporarily fastened to the hub bolt 18 at the first attachment portion 24 a and the second attachment portion 24 b, and detects each hub bolt position.
- CCD imaging cameras hereinafter simply referred to as cameras
- detection sensors CCD imaging cameras (hereinafter simply referred to as cameras) (detection sensors) 84 and 86 for taking images of the first attachment part 24a and the second attachment part 24b are mounted.
- the final fastening means 82 includes a first nut runner 90 connected to the first motor 88 and a second nut runner 94 connected to the second motor 92.
- the first nut runner 90 and the second nut runner 94 can be changed via a gap adjusting portion 98 connected to a rod 96 a extending from the pitch switching cylinder 96.
- the interval adjusting unit 98 is rotatable about the support shaft 99 as a fulcrum.
- the pitch interval of the first nut runner 90 and the second nut runner 94 can be changed according to the number of nuts for fixing the tire W being five and four.
- an openable / closable nut chuck portion 87 for taking out the nut 28 accommodated in the nut stock portion 30 and placing it on the nut stand 32 is provided.
- the cameras 84 and 86 of the second working mechanism 22 output image information of the first attachment part 24 a and the second attachment part 24 b to the first image processing apparatus 100.
- the first image processing apparatus 100 further receives image information of the tire W (bolt hole of the tire W) from a camera (bolt hole detection sensor) 102 for photographing the tire W disposed on the tire loading conveyor 26. Entered.
- a camera 104 (not shown in FIG. 1) that captures an image of the nut 28 for conveyance is fixed. Image information of the nut 28 photographed by the camera 104 is input to the second image processing device 106.
- the first image processing apparatus 100 is connected to the calculation unit 108, and in this calculation unit 108, the hub bolt position of the first mounting part 24 a, the hub bolt position of the second mounting part 24 b, and the bolt hole of the tire W on the tire loading conveyor 26.
- the relative position is calculated and output to the main control device (control mechanism) 110.
- a second image processing device 106 is connected to the calculation unit 108, and image information of the nut 28 photographed by the camera 104 is calculated by the calculation unit 108 and output to the main control device 110.
- the main control device 110 controls the operation of the first work mechanism 20 and the second work mechanism 22 and the third work mechanism 33 based on the calculation information input from the calculation unit 108.
- the operation of the first working mechanism 20 is shown in FIG. 7, the operation of the second working mechanism 22 is shown in FIG. 8, and the first working mechanism 20, the second working mechanism 22, and the third working mechanism 33 are shown. These operations are performed in association with each other as shown in FIG.
- the first working mechanism 20 includes five nut runners 72 that constitute the nut temporary fastening means 44 with the five nuts 28 arranged on the nut stand 32. After gripping, the tire W on the tire loading conveyor 26 is gripped via the tire gripping means 42 (step S1).
- each connecting rod 56 having one end connected to the cam ring 50 moves each slide base 54 inward (center side) along the guide rail 52. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface of the tire W is pressed and held by the tire pressing member 58 attached to each slide base 54.
- the first work mechanism 20 that holds the nut 28 and the tire W moves to the attachment standby position under the turning action of the robot body 34 (step S2).
- the vehicle body 14 has the first mounting portion 24a on the front wheel side disposed at the tire mounting work station.
- step S3 when the front wheel correction amount obtained by the calculation processing of the captured image by the cameras 84 and 86 provided in the second working mechanism 22 is input (step S3: YES), the process proceeds to step S4. Proceeding, the tire W is set in the first attachment portion 24a.
- step S5 the nut 28 is temporarily tightened to each hub bolt 18.
- the nut temporary fastening means 44 as shown in FIG. 4, the nut runners 72 provided in the tool unit 70 rotate integrally with each other through the drive gear 66 and the gear train 68 under the rotating action of the motor 64. . For this reason, each nut 28 is temporarily fastened to each hub bolt 18.
- a front wheel set completion signal is output (step S6).
- the robot body 34 proceeds to step S7, moves away from the first attachment site 24a, and moves to the nut stand 32 side.
- each nut runner 72 constituting the nut temporary fastening means 44 grips the five nuts 28 arranged on the nut stand 32, and then the robot main body 34 pivots to the tire loading conveyor 26 side.
- the tire gripping means 42 grips the tire W (step S8), the tire gripping means 42 moves to the attachment standby position under the driving action of the robot body 34 (step S9).
- the automobile body 14 is intermittently conveyed in the direction of the arrow in FIG. For this reason, as for the vehicle body 14, the 2nd attachment site
- the robot body 34 receives the rear wheel correction amount obtained based on the image signals from the cameras 84 and 86 provided in the second working mechanism 22 (step S10: YES), the process proceeds to step S11, and the rear wheel tire W is set in the second mounting portion 24b.
- step S12 After the nut 28 is temporarily tightened to the hub bolt 18 of the second mounting portion 24b via the nut temporary tightening means 44 (step S12), a rear wheel set completion signal is output (step S13). Thereafter, the first working mechanism 20 moves to the original position (step S14), and the tire temporary fastening work on the automobile body 14 is completed.
- step S21 YES
- step S22 the process proceeds to step S22, and the first mounting portion is connected via the cameras 84 and 86.
- Image information of the hub bolt 18 for the front wheel at the part 24a is read.
- the read images of the cameras 84 and 86 are output to the first image processing apparatus 100, and the first image processing apparatus 100 calculates the correction amount with respect to the reference position of each hub bolt 18. This correction amount is output from the calculation unit 108 to the main controller 110 (step S23).
- step S24 the second working mechanism 22 moves to a position where it does not interfere with the work by the first working mechanism 20 in the first attachment site 24a (step S24). Then, when a front wheel set completion signal is input by the first working mechanism 20 (step S25: YES), the process proceeds to step S26 and moves to the tightening position (first mounting portion 24a).
- first mounting portion 24 a five nuts 28 are temporarily fastened to the hub bolt 18, and the first nut runner 90 and the second nut runner 94 constituting the final fastening means 82 are driven by the first motor 88 and the second motor 92. The two nuts 28 are finally tightened by being driven to rotate. Next, the first nut runner 90 and the second nut runner 94 are turned by a predetermined angle and then finally tightened to the other two temporarily tightened nuts 28. Further, after the first nut runner 90 and the second nut runner 94 are turned, the remaining one temporarily tightened nut 28 is finally tightened by, for example, the first nut runner 90 (step S27).
- step S28 After the tire W is attached to the first attachment portion 24a, the second working mechanism 22 moves out of interference (step S28). Next, the second work mechanism 22 moves to the rear wheel hub bolt detection position (step S29), and determines whether or not the vehicle body 14 has been transported by a half pitch along the transport path 16 (step S30).
- step S30 If it is determined that the vehicle body 14 has been transported by a half pitch (step S30: YES), that is, if it is determined that the second mounting portion 24b on the rear wheel side is disposed at the tire mounting work station, the process proceeds to step S31.
- the image information of the hub bolt 18 for the rear wheel of the second attachment site 24b is read via the cameras 84 and 86. Images captured by the cameras 84 and 86 are output to the first image processing apparatus 100, and a correction amount corresponding to the hub bolt 18 of the second attachment site 24b is output (step S32).
- step S34 After the second working mechanism 22 has moved out of the interference of the second attachment portion 24b (step S33), the process proceeds to step S34, where it is determined whether or not the rear working set has been completed by the first working mechanism 20.
- step S34 YES
- the process proceeds to step S35, and the second working mechanism 22 moves to the tightening position (second mounting portion 24b).
- the final fastening means 82 finally tightens the nut 28 to the hub bolt 18 in the order of two, two and one under the rotational action of the first nut runner 90 and the second nut runner 94 (step S36), and then proceeds to step S37. And move out of interference.
- the third working mechanism 33 is configured to convey and align the front wheel nut 28 and the rear wheel nut 28 from the nut stock portion 30 to the nut stand 32 via the nut chuck portion 87. And repeatedly.
- tire assembling apparatuses 10 are arranged on both sides of the automobile body 14, and the same operations as described above are performed substantially simultaneously.
- the tire assembling apparatus 10 is divided into the first working mechanism 20 and the second working mechanism 22.
- the first working mechanism 20 is provided with a tire gripping means 42 and a temporary nut fastening means 44
- the second working mechanism 22 is provided with a final fastening means 82.
- first working mechanism 20 and the second working mechanism 22 have an advantage that the first working mechanism 20 and the second working mechanism 22 are effectively reduced in size and simplified as compared with the configuration in which the tire gripping means and the tightening means are provided only in a single working mechanism.
- the first working mechanism 20 need only include a single motor 64 in order to provide the nut temporary fastening means 44. Therefore, the motor 64 can be reduced in size and weight at a stroke as compared with the fastening means that is integrated until the final fastening, and the entire first working mechanism 20 can be easily reduced in size and weight.
- the tire assembly work is shared by the first work mechanism 20 and the second work mechanism 22. Thereby, a plurality of operations can be performed in parallel, and the effect of shortening and increasing the efficiency of the entire tire assembly control can be obtained.
- the second work mechanism 22 is a first attachment that is a front wheel. An operation of fully tightening the nut 28 to the hub bolt 18 of the part 24a is performed. As a result, there is an effect that shortening and efficiency of the entire tire assembling work can be easily and reliably performed.
- the tire assembling apparatus 10 includes a third working mechanism 33 that takes out a predetermined number (five or four) of nuts 28 from the nut stock portion 30 and arranges the nuts 28 in alignment with the nut stand 32. Therefore, the first working mechanism 20 and the second working mechanism 22 can eliminate the need for arranging the nuts 28, and the work of the first working mechanism 20 and the second working mechanism 22 is further simplified and made efficient. Is done.
- the conveyance path 16 intermittently conveys the automobile body 14 so that the first attachment part 24a and the second attachment part 24b of the automobile body 14 are sequentially arranged at the tire attachment work station. .
- the conveyance path 16 intermittently conveys the automobile body 14 so that the first attachment part 24a and the second attachment part 24b of the automobile body 14 are sequentially arranged at the tire attachment work station. .
- the tool unit 70 of the nut temporary fastening means 44 constituting the first working mechanism 20 is replaced. Specifically, the tool unit 70 to which the five nut runners 72 are fixed is replaced with a new tool unit 70 to which the four nut runners 72 are attached.
- the cylinder 96 constituting the final fastening means 82 is driven, and the interval adjusting unit 98 rotates around the support shaft 99, thereby adjusting the interval (pitch adjustment) by the interval adjusting unit 98. ) Is performed. Therefore, the pitch between the first nut runner 90 and the second nut runner 94 is changed corresponding to the four hub bolts 18.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective explanatory view of an assembly line 212 in which the tire assembly device 210 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is arranged.
- the assembly line 212 includes a transport path 216 that pitch transports to a tire assembly position in a state where the automobile body (vehicle) 214 is placed on the carriage 216a, and a pair of tires disposed on both sides of the transport path 216.
- the assembling device 210 (only one side is shown in FIG. 1) automatically assembles the tire W to the hub bolt 218 of the automobile body 214.
- the tire assembling apparatus 210 includes a first work mechanism 220, a second work mechanism 222a, and a third work mechanism 222b that are divided according to work contents to be described later.
- the second working mechanism 222a is arranged corresponding to the first mounting part 224a on the front wheel side of the automobile body 214, while the third working mechanism 222b is the second mounting part on the rear wheel side of the automobile body 214. It arrange
- a predetermined number (the nut stock portions 230a and 230b for receiving nuts 228 to be fastened to the hub bolts 218 and the nuts 228 taken out from the nut stock portions 230a are provided.
- nut holders 232a and 232b are arranged to be arranged in order of five or four.
- the first working mechanism 220 includes a robot main body 234, and a rotatable index table 240 is attached to a wrist 238 provided at the tip of an arm 236 of the robot main body 234.
- the index table 240 includes tire gripping means 242 for gripping the tire W, and temporary nut fastening means 244 for temporarily fastening the nut 228 to the hub bolt 218 on which the tire W is disposed. Provided.
- the tire gripping means 242 includes a mounting plate 246 that is fixed to the index table 240. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a cam ring 250 is rotatably supported by the mounting plate 246 via a plurality of guide rollers 248.
- the mounting plate 246 is provided with a plurality of, for example, three guide rails 252 that are spaced apart at equal angular intervals and extend in the radial direction.
- the slide base 254 is movably disposed on each guide rail 252 and the slide base 254 and the cam ring 250 are connected via a connecting rod 256.
- Each slide base 254 is provided with a tire pressing member 258.
- a cylinder 260 is swingably mounted on the mounting plate 246, and a rod 262 connected to the cylinder 260 is fixed to the cam ring 250.
- the nut temporary fastening means 244 includes a single motor 264 fixed to the mounting plate 246.
- a drive gear 266 is fixed to the rotation drive shaft 264 a of the motor 264, and a gear train 268 is engaged with the drive gear 266.
- a tool unit 270 is detachably attached to the gear train 268.
- the tool unit 270 is provided with five (or four) nut runners 272. Each nut runner 272 is integrally rotated by a motor 264 via a gear train 268 and a drive gear 266.
- the second working mechanism 222a is configured in the same manner as the third working mechanism 222b, and wrists 278a and 278b are provided at the distal ends of the arm portions 276a and 276b constituting the robot main bodies 274a and 274b, respectively.
- Index tables 280a and 280b are rotatably mounted on the wrist portions 278a and 278b.
- the indexing base 280a includes a first final tightening means 282a for final tightening a nut 228 temporarily tightened to the hub bolt 218 at the first mounting portion 224a, and the first mounting portion 224a.
- a CCD imaging camera hereinafter simply referred to as a camera
- first detection sensor for taking an image of the first mounting portion 224a
- the nut 228 are taken out from the nut stock portion 230a.
- a nut chuck portion 287a disposed on the nut stand 232a is mounted.
- the indexing base 280b includes a second final tightening means 282b for finally tightening a nut 228 temporarily tightened to the hub bolt 218 of the second mounting portion 224b, and a camera for taking an image of the second mounting portion 224b (second Detection sensors) 284b and 286b, and a nut chuck portion 287b for removing the nut 228 from the nut stock portion 230b and placing it on the nut stand 232b are mounted.
- second mounting portion 224b second Detection sensors
- the first final fastening means 282 a includes a first nut runner 290 connected to the first motor 288 and a second nut runner 294 connected to the second motor 292.
- the first nut runner 290 and the second nut runner 294 can be changed via a gap adjusting portion 298 connected to a rod 296a extending from the pitch switching cylinder 296.
- the interval adjusting unit 298 is rotatable about the support shaft 299 as a fulcrum.
- the pitch interval between the first nut runner 290 and the second nut runner 294 can be changed according to the number of nuts for fixing the tire W being five and four.
- the second final fastening means 282b is configured in the same manner as the first primary fastening means 282a, and is given the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the cameras 284a and 286a of the second working mechanism 222a output image information of the first attachment site 224a to the first image processing apparatus 300, and the first image processing apparatus 300 Process information.
- the cameras 284b and 286b of the third working mechanism 222b output the image information of the second attachment site 224b to the second image processing device 302, and the second image processing device 302 performs arithmetic processing on the image information.
- image information of the tire W arranged on the tire throwing conveyor 226 is input from the camera (third detection sensor) 304 to the second image processing device 302, and this image information is processed.
- the first image processing apparatus 300 and the second image processing apparatus 302 are connected to a calculation unit 306.
- the hub bolt position of the first mounting part 224a, the hub bolt position of the second mounting part 224b, and the tire loading conveyor 226 are used.
- the relative position of the bolt hole position of the upper tire W is calculated and output to the main control device (control mechanism) 308.
- the main control device 308 controls the operation of the first work mechanism 220 and also controls the operation of the second work mechanism 222a and the third work mechanism 222b based on the calculation information input from the calculation unit 306.
- the operation of the first working mechanism 220 is shown in FIG. 16, the operation of the second working mechanism 222a is shown in FIG. 17, the operation of the third working mechanism 222b is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 19, the processes are performed in association with each other.
- the first working mechanism 220 includes five nut runners 272 that constitute the nut temporary fastening means 244 by using the five nuts 228 arranged on the nut stand 232a. Then, the tire W on the tire loading conveyor 226 is gripped through the tire gripping means 242 (step S41).
- each connecting rod 256 having one end connected to the cam ring 250 moves each slide base 254 inward (center side) along the guide rail 252. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface of the tire W is pressed and held by the tire pressing member 258 attached to each slide base 254.
- step S42 The first work mechanism 220 that holds the nut 228 and the tire W moves to the first attachment portion 224a side under the action of the robot body 234 (step S42).
- step S43 the process proceeds to step S44.
- the tire W is set on the first attachment portion 224a.
- step S45 the nut 228 is temporarily tightened to each hub bolt 218.
- each nut runner 272 provided in the tool unit 270 rotates through the drive gear 266 and the gear train 268 under the rotating action of the motor 264. For this reason, the nut 228 is temporarily tightened to the hub bolt 218.
- a front wheel set completion signal is output (step S46).
- the robot main body 234 proceeds to step S47, moves away from the first attachment site 224a, and moves to the nut stand 232b side (step S47).
- each nut runner 272 constituting the nut temporary fastening means 244 holds the five nuts 228 arranged on the nut mounting base 232b, and then the robot body 234 pivots to the tire charging conveyor 226 side.
- the tire gripping means 242 grips the tire W (step S48)
- the tire gripping means 242 moves to the second attachment site 224b side under the driving action of the robot body 234 (step S49).
- the robot body 234 receives the rear wheel correction amount based on the image signals from the cameras 284b and 286b provided in the third working mechanism 222b (step S50: YES), step S51. Then, the tire W for the rear wheel is set in the second attachment portion 224b.
- step S52 a rear wheel set completion signal is output (step S53). Thereafter, the first working mechanism 220 moves to the original position (step S54), and the tire temporary fastening work to the automobile body 214 is completed.
- the front wheels of the first attachment part 224a are passed through the cameras 284a and 286a.
- the image information of the hub bolt 218 for use is read (step S61).
- Images read by the cameras 284a and 286a are output to the first image processing apparatus 300, and the first image processing apparatus 300 calculates a correction amount with respect to the reference position of each hub bolt 218.
- the correction amount is output from the calculation unit 306 to the main control device 308 (step S62).
- step S63 the second working mechanism 222a moves to a position where it does not interfere with the work by the first working mechanism 220 in the first attachment site 224a (step S63).
- step S64 YES
- the process proceeds to step S65 and moves to the first attachment site 224a.
- first attachment portion 224a five nuts 228 are temporarily fastened to the hub bolt 218.
- the first nut runner 290 and the second nut runner 294 constituting the first main fastening means 282a are the first motor 288 and the second motor.
- the two nuts 228 are finally tightened by being driven to rotate by 292.
- the first nut runner 290 and the second nut runner 294 are turned by a predetermined angle and then finally tightened to the other two temporarily tightened nuts 228.
- the remaining one temporarily tightened nut 228 is finally tightened by the first nut runner 290, for example (step S66).
- the second working mechanism 222a moves to the nut stock portion 230a side.
- the nut 228 is taken out via the nut chuck portion 287a, and the five nuts 228 are arranged on the nut stand 232a (step S67).
- the second working mechanism 222a proceeds to step S68, moves to the original position, and performs the same processing on the next automobile body 214.
- the cameras 284b and 286b are arranged in the second attachment part 224b, and the hub bolt 218 of the second attachment part 224b is photographed (step S71).
- the images taken by the cameras 284b and 286b are output to the second image processing device 302, and the second image processing device 302 is connected to the main control device 308 via the calculation unit 306 and corresponds to the hub bolt 218 of the second mounting portion 224b.
- the correction amount to be output is output (step S72).
- step S73 After the third working mechanism 222b moves out of the interference of the second attachment portion 224b (step S73), the third working mechanism 222b proceeds to step S74, and under the action of the nut chuck portion 287b, the five nuts 228 for the rear wheel are nuts. It arranges on the nut stand 232a from the stock part 230b.
- step S75 when a rear wheel set completion signal is input by the first work mechanism 220 (step S75: YES), the process proceeds to step S76, and the second final fastening means 282b of the third work mechanism 222b is applied to the second attachment portion 224b.
- the second final tightening means 282b performs final tightening of the nut 228 to the hub bolt 218 in the order of two, two, and one under the rotational action of the first nut runner 290 and the second nut runner 294 (step S77), and then step S78. Go to and move to the original position.
- tire assembling devices 210 are disposed on both sides of the automobile body 214, and the same operations as described above are performed substantially simultaneously.
- the tire assembling apparatus 210 is divided into a first working mechanism 220, a second working mechanism 222a, and a third working mechanism 222b.
- the first working mechanism 220 is provided with a tire gripping means 242 and a nut temporary fastening means 244, the second working mechanism 222a is provided with a first final fastening means 282a, and the third working mechanism 222b is provided with a second final fastening. Means 282b are provided.
- the first working mechanism 220, the second working mechanism 222a, and the third working mechanism 222b are effectively reduced in size and simplified as compared with the configuration in which the tire gripping means and the tightening means are provided only in a single working mechanism. There is an advantage that.
- the first working mechanism 220 need only include a single motor 264 in order to provide the nut temporary fastening means 244. Therefore, the motor 264 can be reduced in size and weight at a stroke as compared with the fastening means that is integrated until the final fastening, and the entire first working mechanism 220 can be easily reduced in size and weight.
- the tire assembly work is shared by the first work mechanism 220, the second work mechanism 222a, and the third work mechanism 222b. Thereby, a plurality of operations can be performed in parallel, and the effect of shortening and increasing the efficiency of the entire tire assembly control can be obtained.
- the third working mechanism 222b is configured to detect the cameras 284b and 286b for sensing. Is moved to the second attachment site 224b.
- the sensing operation of the first attachment portion 224a by the second working mechanism 222a and the sensing operation of the second attachment portion 224b by the third working mechanism 222b are performed simultaneously.
- the first work mechanism 220 the above-described sensing work becomes unnecessary, and the temporary fastening work of the tire W to the first attachment part 224a and the second attachment part 224b is efficiently performed.
- the second work mechanism 222a is performing the final tightening process of the nut 228 at the first attachment part 224a.
- the third work mechanism 222b the work of arranging the nuts 228 on the nut stand 232a is performed.
- the tool unit 270 of the nut temporary fastening means 244 constituting the first working mechanism 220 is replaced. Specifically, the tool unit 270 to which the five nut runners 272 are fixed is replaced with a new tool unit 270 to which the four nut runners 272 are attached.
- the cylinder 296 constituting the first and second main fastening means 282a and 282b is driven, and the interval adjusting unit 298 rotates around the support shaft 299 as a fulcrum.
- the interval adjustment (pitch adjustment) by the interval adjustment unit 298 is performed. Therefore, the pitch between the first nut runner 290 and the second nut runner 294 is changed corresponding to the four hub bolts 218.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory perspective view of an assembly line 412 in which the tire assembly device 410 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is arranged.
- the assembly line 412 includes a transport path 416 for pitch transport to the tire mounting work station in a state where the automobile body (vehicle) 414 is placed on the carriage 416a, and a pair of tires disposed on both sides of the transport path 416.
- the assembling device 410 (only one side is shown in FIG. 20) automatically assembles the tire W to the hub bolt 418 of the automobile body 414.
- the tire assembling apparatus 410 includes a tire setting robot 420, a nut tightening robot (second working mechanism) 422, and a balancer mechanism (first working mechanism) 426 on which a nut runner unit (working unit) 424 is mounted.
- a first attachment portion 428a on the front wheel side of the automobile body 414 and a second attachment portion 428b on the rear wheel side of the automobile body 414 are sequentially arranged at the tire attachment work station.
- the automobile body 414 is intermittently conveyed.
- a tire charging conveyor 430 for arranging the tires W is installed in the vicinity of the tire setting robot 420.
- a nut stock portion 434 that accommodates a nut 432 to be fastened to the hub bolt 418, and a predetermined number (5 or 4) of the nuts 432 are taken out from the nut stock portion 434 to place the nuts.
- a nut alignment robot 438 that is arranged in alignment with the table 436 is installed.
- the tire setting robot 420 includes a pivotable robot body 440, and a tire gripping member 446 is attached to each wrist portion 444 provided at the tip of a pair of arm portions 442 of the robot body 440.
- the robot main body 440 is equipped with CCD imaging cameras (hereinafter simply referred to as cameras) 448a and 448b that take images of the first attachment portion 428a and the second attachment portion 428b in order to detect each hub bolt position.
- CCD imaging cameras hereinafter simply referred to as cameras
- the nut tightening robot 422 includes a robot main body 450, and a wrist 454 is provided at the tip of an arm portion 452 of the robot main body 450.
- a grip 456 that is detachably connected to the nut runner unit 424 is attached to the wrist 454.
- the nut runner unit 424 includes a cylindrical casing 458 as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21.
- Each nut runner 460 is disposed on the same circumference corresponding to each hub bolt 418 of the first attachment portion 428a and the second attachment portion 428b.
- two screw holes 458a are formed in the cylindrical casing 458, and a hole 456a is formed in the grip portion 456 corresponding to the screw hole 458a.
- the screw 461 inserted into the hole 456a is screwed into the screw hole 458a, so that the cylindrical casing 458 is fixed to the grip 456.
- the balancer mechanism 426 is composed of an air-type floor-standing balancer.
- a nut runner unit 424 is attached to the attachment portion 462 of the balancer mechanism 426.
- the balancer mechanism 26 holds the weight of the nut runner unit 424, which is a heavy object, and detachably mounts the nut runner unit 424.
- the balancer mechanism 426 may be a ceiling type balancer.
- an openable / closable nut chuck portion 466 that takes out the nut 432 accommodated in the nut stock portion 434 and places it on the nut stand 436.
- the cameras 448a and 448b of the tire setting robot 420 output image information of the first attachment site 428a and the second attachment site 428b to the image processing device 470.
- the image processing device 470 is connected to the calculation unit 472, and the calculation unit 472 calculates the hub bolt position of the first attachment part 428 a and the hub bolt position of the second attachment part 428 b, and outputs them to the main controller 474.
- the main control device 474 controls the operation of the nut tightening robot 422 based on the calculation information input from the calculation unit 472, and also controls the operation of the tire setting robot 420 and the nut alignment robot 438.
- the operation flow of the tire setting robot 420 is shown in FIG. 23, the operation flow of the nut tightening robot 422 is shown in FIG. 24, and the operations of the tire setting robot 420 and the nut tightening robot 422 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 23, the operation flow of the tire setting robot 420 is shown in FIG. 23, the operation flow of the nut tightening robot 422 is shown in FIG. 24, and the operations of the tire setting robot 420 and the nut tightening robot 422 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
- the tire setting robot 420 grips the front wheel tire W arranged on the tire throwing conveyor 430 by the pair of tire gripping members 446 (step S81).
- the tire setting robot 420 that has gripped the tire W moves the tire W gripped by the tire gripping member 446 to the attachment position under the turning action of the robot body 440 (step S82).
- the first attachment portion 428a on the front wheel side is arranged corresponding to the tire attachment work station (attachment position).
- an image of the first attachment site 428a is taken by the cameras 448a and 448b, and the hub bolt 418 is sensed by the calculation processing of the taken image (step S83).
- step S84 the process proceeds to step S84, and the tire W is set to the first attachment site 428a via the tire setting robot 420. Therefore, a front wheel set completion signal is output (step S85), and in this state, it is determined whether or not the tightening of the nut 432 for the front wheel by the nut tightening robot 422 has been completed (step S86). ).
- step S86 When the tightening completion signal of the nut 432 is input (step S86: YES), the process proceeds to step S87, and the tire setting robot 420 moves to the tire charging conveyor 430 side which is the tire receiving position.
- a tire W for a rear wheel is disposed on the tire loading conveyor 430, and the tire W is gripped by a pair of tire gripping members 446 constituting the tire setting robot 420 (step S88).
- the tire setting robot 420 moves to the tire attachment position side (step S89), and when it is detected that the automobile body 414 has been conveyed by half a pitch (step S90: YES), that is, the second wheel on the rear wheel side.
- step S90: YES half a pitch
- the process proceeds to step S91, and sensing of the hub bolt 418 of the second attachment site 428b is performed. This sensing is performed in the same manner as the sensing of the hub bolt 418 for the front wheel in step S83.
- step S92 when the tire W is set in the second attachment portion 428b, a rear wheel tire set completion signal is output (step 93). Then, the nut 432 is tightened to the hub bolt 418 at the second mounting portion 428b where the tire W for the rear wheel is set.
- step S94 YES
- step S95 the tire setting robot 420 moves to the tire receiving position.
- the nut runner unit 424 connected to the grip portion 456 is moved to the nut stand 436 side.
- Each nut runner 460 constituting the nut runner unit 424 grips the five nuts 432 for the front wheels arranged on the nut stand 436 (step S101).
- the nut runner unit 424 moves to the vicinity of the first attachment portion 428a that is the attachment position under the driving action of the nut tightening robot 422 (step S102).
- step S103 the process proceeds to step S104, and each nut bolt unit 424 of the first mounting portion 428a is connected to each nut runner unit 424.
- a nut runner 460 is placed.
- each nut runner 460 is rotated under the driving action of each motor (not shown), and the nut 432 is fastened to each hub bolt 418 (step S105). Thereby, the tightening process of the nut 432 is completed and a nut tightening completion signal is output (step S106).
- the nut runner unit 424 is moved to the nut stand 436 side which is the nut receiving position under the driving action of the nut tightening robot 422 (step S107), and the nut 432 for the rear wheel is gripped via each nut runner 460. (Step S108).
- step S109 the process proceeds to step S109, and the nut runner unit 424 is moved to the vicinity of the second attachment part 428b which is the attachment position.
- step S110 the process proceeds to step S111, and the nut runner unit 424 is disposed in the second attachment portion 428b.
- the nut 432 is tightened to the hub bolt 418 of the second attachment site 428b under the rotating action of each nut runner 460 (step S112).
- step S113 When the nut tightening process at the second attachment portion 428b is completed (step S113), the process proceeds to step S114, and the nut runner unit 424 moves to the nut receiving position.
- tire assembling apparatuses 410 are arranged on both sides of the automobile body 414, and the same operation as described above is performed almost simultaneously.
- a nutrunner unit 424 which is a heavy object, is mounted on the balancer mechanism 426. For this reason, the weight of the nut runner unit 424 is held by the balancer mechanism 426, and the nut runner unit 424 is movable in various directions.
- the nut tightening robot 422 is detachably connected to the nut runner unit 424, and is automatically operated along the nut tightening operation in a state where the nut runner unit 424 is mounted on the balancer mechanism 426.
- the balancer mechanism 426 maintains the weight of the nut runner unit 424
- the nut tightening robot 422 is provided to the nut tightening robot 422 when the nut runner unit 424 performs an actual operation.
- the load on the nutrunner unit 424 can be effectively reduced. Accordingly, the nut tightening robot 422 can be effectively reduced in size, and the entire tire assembly device 410 can be easily reduced in size and simplified.
- the nut tightening robot 422 when the nut tightening robot 422 is stopped for maintenance or the like, the nut tightening robot 422 can be detached from the nut runner unit 424. Thus, the operator can easily operate the nut runner unit 424 under the assisting action of the balancer mechanism 426.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram of an assembly line 482 in which the tire assembly device 480 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is arranged. Note that the same components as those in the assembly line 412 according to the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the tire assembling apparatus 480 includes a tire setting robot 420, a nut tightening robot 422, and a balancer mechanism 484 on which the nut runner unit 424 is mounted.
- the balancer mechanism 484 includes an electric balancer, and the balancer mechanism 484 is controlled by a control unit 488 constituting a balancer controller 486.
- the balancer controller 486 has a force calculation unit 490, and this force calculation unit 490 is connected to a force sensor 492 attached to the wrist of the nut tightening robot 422.
- the force sensor 492 inputs a load applied to the wrist portion of the nut tightening robot 422 to the force calculation unit 490.
- the nut runner unit 424 is operated along the nut tightening operation by the nut tightening robot 422.
- the control unit 488 causes the reaction force to be zero or zero based on a signal input from the force sensor 492 to the force calculation unit 490.
- the actuator (not shown) of the balancer mechanism 484 is driven and controlled so as to approximate a minute value.
- the nut tightening robot 422 has the effect that the force required to transport the nut runner unit 424 is reduced at once, and the nut tightening robot 422 can be further reduced in size.
- FIG. 27 is an explanatory perspective view of an assembly line 502 in which the tire assembly device 500 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is arranged. Note that the same components as those in the assembly line 412 according to the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the tire assembling apparatus 500 includes a tire setting robot 420, a nut tightening robot (second working mechanism) 422, and an articulated robot (first working mechanism) 504 on which a nut runner unit (working unit) 424 is mounted. .
- the articulated robot 504 is an articulated general-purpose robot, and is configured in the same manner as the nut tightening robot 422, for example.
- a force sensor 508 is attached to the tip of the arm 506 of the articulated robot 504, and the force sensor 508 is an X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis which is a coordinate system based on the force sensor 508. , The reaction force in the six-axis direction of the ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 axes is detected.
- the articulated robot 504 is provided with actuators 510a to 510d for operating each joint.
- the force sensor 508 detects a reaction force in six axial directions.
- each of the actuators 510a to 510d is controlled so as to approximate the detected reaction force to 0 or a minute value, so that the nut tightening robot 422 has a force necessary to convey the nut runner unit 424. Will be reduced at once. Thereby, the effect that the further miniaturization of the nut tightening robot 422 is achieved can be obtained.
- the tire assembling apparatuses 410, 480, and 500 have been described as working apparatuses.
- the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to various working apparatuses. It is.
- FIG. 28 is an explanatory perspective view of an assembly line 610 in which a pair of tire assembly devices 612 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention are arranged.
- the assembly line 610 includes the tire assembly device 612 and a conveyance path 614.
- the conveyance path 614 pitch conveys the vehicle body (vehicle) 616 to the tire assembly position in a state where the automobile body (vehicle) 616 is placed on the carriage 614a. That is, in the conveyance path 614, the first attachment portion 618a on the front wheel side of the automobile body 616 and the second attachment portion 618b on the rear wheel side of the automobile body 616 are sequentially arranged at the tire attachment work station. Thus, the automobile body 616 is intermittently conveyed.
- the tire assembly device 612 is disposed on both sides of the conveyance path 614 (only one side is shown in FIG. 28), and the tire W is automatically assembled to the hub bolt 620 of the automobile body 616 (see FIG. 29).
- the tire assembly device 612 includes a first work mechanism 622 and a second work mechanism 624.
- the first working mechanism 622 transports and positions the tire W carried by the tire loading conveyor 626 to the first mounting portion 618a or the second mounting portion 618b and receives supply of a plurality of nuts 630 from the nut supply mechanism 628.
- the nut 630 is fastened to the hub bolt 620 by the rotational driving force transmitted from the second working mechanism 624.
- the nut supply mechanism 628 includes a nut stock portion 632 that accommodates the nut 630, and a nut that takes out a predetermined number (5 or 4) of nuts 630 from the nut stock portion 632 and arranges the nuts on the nut stand 634.
- a picking robot 636 An openable and closable nut chuck portion 638 for taking out the nut 630 accommodated in the nut stock portion 632 and placing it on the nut stand 634 is provided at the arm tip of the nut picking robot 636.
- the first working mechanism 622 includes a robot main body 640, and a rotatable index base 646 is attached to a wrist 644 provided at the tip of an arm 642 of the robot main body 640.
- the indexing base 646 includes a tire gripping mechanism 650 for gripping the tire W, a nut tightening mechanism 652 for tightening the nut 630 to the hub bolt 620 on which the tire W is disposed, and nut tightening.
- a lock mechanism 654 (see FIG. 36) for attaching / detaching the nut tightening unit 722a or the nut tightening unit 722b (described later) of the mechanism 652 is provided.
- two nut tightening unit stands 656a and 656b are arranged in the vicinity of the first working mechanism 622.
- a nut fastening unit 722b different from the nut fastening unit 722a attached to the indexing base 646 is placed on the stand 656b.
- the nut tightening unit 722b is different from the nut tightening unit 722a in the arrangement of the nut tightening portion 726.
- the tire gripping mechanism 650 includes a linear guide 660 that is driven by a motor (not shown).
- the linear guide 660 has a drive shaft (not shown) therein, and when the drive shaft is driven and rotated by the motor, the two gripping arms 662 are displaced along the linear guide 660.
- the drive shaft is formed with screw threads that are screwed in opposite directions with respect to the center, and when the drive shaft rotates, the two gripping arms 662 move while centering in opposite directions. In this way, the tire W can be gripped and released by approaching or separating the two gripping arms 662.
- the second working mechanism 624 is provided with a wrist portion 674 at the tip of the arm portion 672 constituting the robot body 670.
- An index base 676 is rotatably attached to the wrist 674.
- the index base 676 includes a rotational driving force generator 678 that generates a rotational driving force for tightening the nut 630 to the hub bolt 620 by the first mounting portion 618a and the second mounting portion 618b, and the hub bolt 620.
- CCD cameras 680 and 682 (hereinafter, also referred to as “cameras 680 and 682”) that take images of the first attachment portion 618a and the second attachment portion 618b are mounted.
- the CCD camera is also simply referred to as a camera.
- the rotational driving force generation unit 678 includes two motors 684 and two rotational driving force transmission units 686 that are connected to the motors 684 and transmit the rotational driving force generated by the motors 684.
- the rotational driving force transmission portion 686 includes a first rod 690, a first connecting member 692, a second rod 694, a second connecting member 696, a cylindrical recess 698, and a coil spring 700.
- the first rod 690 has one end connected to the output shaft (not shown) of the motor 684 and the other end connected to the first connecting member 692.
- the first connecting member 692 has a hollow shape, and is interposed between the first cylindrical portion 702, the second cylindrical portion 704 having a smaller diameter than the first cylindrical portion 702, and the first cylindrical portion 702 and the second cylindrical portion 704. And a first tapered portion 706 formed.
- the first cylindrical portion 702 is threaded and is threadedly engaged with the end of the first rod 690 that is also threaded.
- the second connecting member 696 has the same configuration as the first connecting member 692, and includes a third cylindrical portion 708, a fourth cylindrical portion 710 having a smaller diameter than the third cylindrical portion 708, a third cylindrical portion 708, and a fourth cylindrical portion 708. And a second tapered portion 712 formed between the cylindrical portion 710 and the second tapered portion 712.
- the third cylindrical portion 708 is threaded and is screwed into the end of the cylindrical recess 698 that is also threaded.
- the second rod 694 has a cylindrical portion 714 and a third tapered portion 716 and a fourth tapered portion 718 that are formed at both ends thereof and increase in diameter toward the end portion.
- the diameter of the columnar portion 714 of the second rod 694 is slightly smaller than the diameters of the first cylindrical portion 702 of the first connecting member 692 and the fourth cylindrical portion 710 of the second connecting member 696.
- the third taper portion 716 of the second rod 694 is accommodated inside the first connecting member 692 (first taper portion 706) and has a larger diameter than the second cylindrical portion 704.
- the fourth taper portion 718 of the second rod 694 is housed inside the second connecting member 696 (second taper portion 712) and has a larger diameter than the fourth cylindrical portion 710.
- the coil spring 700 covers the second rod 694 and is sandwiched between the first connecting member 692 and the second connecting member 696.
- the rotational driving force transmission unit 686 is configured as described above, the rotational axis can be displaced (offset) as shown in FIG. That is, even if the rotation axis Y1 of the first connecting member 692 and the rotation axis Y2 of the second connecting member 696 are deviated (offset), the rotational driving force is transmitted from the first connecting member 692 to the second connecting member 696. can do. That is, the first joint member 692, the second rod 694, and the second connection member 696 form a universal joint mechanism. Accordingly, as described later, even if the arrangement of the nut tightening unit 722 is changed in the first working mechanism 622, it is possible to transmit the rotational driving force from the second working mechanism 624 to the first working mechanism 622. Become.
- the nut tightening mechanism 652 includes a mounting plate 720 fixed to the index base 646 and a nut that is detachable from the mounting plate 720. And a tightening unit 722a.
- the mounting plate 720 is provided with the two locking mechanisms 654 described above for fixing the nut tightening unit 722a to the mounting plate 720.
- the nut tightening unit 722a can be replaced in accordance with the arrangement of the hub bolt 620 and the bolt hole Wa (that is, the type of the tire W), and the stand 656b includes a replacement nut tightening unit. 722b is arranged.
- the mounting plate 720 is provided with a plurality of opening guide portions 724 to which the rotational driving force transmission portion 686 of the second working mechanism 624 is coupled.
- the nut tightening unit 722a has five nut tightening portions 726.
- the number of nut tightening portions 726 is the same as the number of hub bolts 620 and bolt holes Wa.
- each nut tightening portion 726 includes a third rod 728, a bearing 730, a wrench portion 732, and a coil spring 734.
- the end 728a of the third rod 728 is disposed in the opening guide 724 of the mounting plate 720 (see FIG. 36).
- the end 728a has a tapered tip.
- the end portion 728 a is connected to the cylindrical recess 698 of the rotational driving force transmission unit 686 of the second working mechanism 624, so that the rotational driving force is transmitted from the second working mechanism 624 to the third rod 728.
- the third rod 728 rotates while being supported by the bearing 730.
- Two columnar projections 736 are formed on the third rod 728, and rotational driving force is transmitted from the third rod 728 to the wrench unit 732 via the projections 736.
- the wrench portion 732 is formed with a hole portion 738 for accommodating each projection portion 736.
- the hole 738 is formed in the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the nut tightening unit 722, and the width thereof is slightly larger than the diameter of the protrusion 736. Therefore, the protrusion 736 can be displaced in the axial direction of the nut tightening unit 722a within the hole 738.
- the wrench portion 732 is formed with a recess 740 that holds the nut 630.
- the cross-sectional shape of the recess 740 is substantially equal to the cross-sectional shape of the nut 630. For this reason, when the recessed part 740 rotates, the nut 630 also rotates.
- the coil spring 734 is sandwiched between the third rod 728 and the wrench portion 732.
- the axial displacement of the nut tightening unit 722a is restricted.
- the wrench portion 732 can be displaced in the axial direction as far as the protrusion 736 can be displaced in the hole 738. Accordingly, the coil spring 734 biases the wrench portion 732 in a direction away from the third rod 728. Therefore, as the wrench portion 732 rotates, the wrench portion 732 is also separated from the third rod 728 as the nut 630 is tightened to the hub bolt 620. As a result, the nut 630 can be tightened to a desired position with respect to the hub bolt 620.
- the lock mechanism 654 fixes the nut tightening unit 722a to the mounting plate 720, and the nut tightening unit 722a can be detached from the mounting plate 720 by releasing the lock mechanism 654.
- the lock mechanism 654 includes a stopper 742, a switching lever 744, and a link member 746 (FIGS. 37A and 37B show only one lock mechanism 654).
- the stopper 742 can selectively press the nut fastening unit 722a, and when the stopper 742 presses the nut fastening unit 722a, the nut fastening unit 722a is fixed to the mounting plate 720. When the stopper 742 does not press the nut tightening unit 722a, the nut tightening unit 722 can be detached from the mounting plate 720.
- the switching lever 744 switches the pressing state of the stopper 742 according to the position.
- the link member 746 in cooperation with the switching lever 744, holds the pressed state or the non-pressed state of the nut tightening unit 722a by the stopper 742.
- the switching lever 744 has a roller 748 disposed at one end and a cam portion 750 formed at the other end, and the switching lever 744 is bent at substantially the center thereof.
- the switching lever 744 is supported by the first support shaft A1 so as to be turnable.
- one end of the link member 746 is rotatably supported by the second support shaft A2 formed in the cam portion 750.
- a bending member 752 that supports the stopper 742 is supported by the third support shaft A3 so as to be rotatable.
- the bending member 752 is also supported by the fourth support shaft A4 so as to be able to turn.
- FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a stand 656a that does not hold the nut tightening units 722a and 722b.
- the stand 656a is provided at the base 756, the substantially U-shaped holding plate 758, the two positioning pins 760, the two cylinders 762, and the tip of the cylinder 762.
- a substantially L-shaped engagement member 764 having a 764a and a vertical portion 764b, and a first support member 766 fixed to a second support member 768 that supports the engagement member 764 so as to be pivotable about the support shaft B1.
- the pressing portion 770 of the cylinder 762 rises, the horizontal portion 764a and the vertical portion 764b rotate around the support shaft B1.
- the case where the nut tightening units 722a and 722b are replaced is a case where the type of the vehicle to which the tire W is attached is changed and the arrangement of the hub bolts 620 and the bolt holes Wa (FIG. 28) is changed accordingly.
- the nut tightening unit 722a currently mounted on the first working mechanism 622 is removed from the mounting plate 720 and placed on the stand 656a. Specifically, the arm portion 642 of the first working mechanism 622 is displaced, and the nut tightening unit 722a is positioned directly above the stand 656a. Then, the nut tightening unit 722a is lowered in the vertical direction, and the positioning hole 772 of the nut tightening unit 722a and the positioning pin 760 are engaged. Thereby, the position of the nut fastening unit 722a can be stabilized.
- the roller 748 of the lock mechanism 654 comes into contact with the horizontal portion 764a of the engaging member 764 of the stand 756, the roller 748 is displaced upward by the weight of the nut tightening mechanism 652 (see FIG. 37A). Accordingly, the stopper 742 changes from the pressed state to the non-pressed state, and the nut tightening unit 722a can be removed from the mounting plate 720.
- the arm portion 642 is moved to the stand 656b on which another nut tightening unit 722b is placed, and the positioning pin 760 is engaged with the mounting plate 720.
- the cylinder 762 operates, and the horizontal portion 764a and the vertical portion 764b of the engaging member 764 rotate around the support shaft B1.
- the vertical portion 764 b displaces the roller 748 downward, and the nut fastening unit 722 b is fixed to the mounting plate 720 by the stopper 742.
- the tire W is attached using the new nut tightening unit 722b.
- the nut tightening unit 722a and the nut tightening unit 722b differ in the arrangement of the nut tightening portion 726. That is, the diameters of the concentric circles formed by the nut tightening portion 726 are different. In addition, both may differ in the point from which the magnitude
- FIG. 40 shows a control system of the tire assembling apparatus 612. As shown in FIG. 40, the cameras 680 and 682 of the second working mechanism 624 output the image information of the first attachment portion 618a and the second attachment portion 618b to the first image processing apparatus 800.
- the first image processing apparatus 800 further receives image information of the tire W (bolt hole Wa of the tire W) from a camera 802 (bolt hole detection sensor) for photographing the tire W disposed on the tire loading conveyor 626. Entered.
- a camera 804 that captures an image of the nuts 630 arranged on the nut stand 634 is fixed. Image information of the nut 630 photographed by the camera 804 is input to the second image processing device 806.
- the first image processing apparatus 800 is connected to a calculation unit 808, where the position of the hub bolt 620 of the first mounting portion 618a, the position of the hub bolt 620 of the second mounting portion 618b, and the tire on the tire loading conveyor 626.
- the relative position of the W bolt hole Wa is calculated and output to the main controller (control mechanism) 810.
- a second image processing device 806 is connected to the calculation unit 808, and image information of the nut 630 captured by the camera 804 is calculated by the calculation unit 808 and output to the main control device 810.
- the main control device 810 includes calculation information input from the calculation unit 808, position information of the first work mechanism 622 (position information of the arm unit 642, position information of the gripping arm 662, and the like) and position information of the second work mechanism 624. Based on (position information of the arm part 672, position information of the rotational driving force transmission part 686, etc.), the operation of the first working mechanism 622 is controlled, and the operation of the second working mechanism 624 and the nut supply mechanism 628 is also controlled. .
- the tire assembling device 612 is configured as described above. Next, referring to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 41 and 42 and the timing chart shown in FIG. 43, the tire assembling device. The operation of 612 will be described. 41 shows an operation centered on the first work mechanism 622, and FIG. 42 shows an operation centered on the second work mechanism 624. FIG. 43 shows the relevance of the operations of the first working mechanism 622, the second working mechanism 624, and the nut supply mechanism 628.
- step S121 of FIG. 41 the first working mechanism 622 converts the five nuts 630 arranged on the nut stand 634 into five wrenches. It is held by the part 732.
- the tire gripping mechanism 650 grips the tire W on the tire loading conveyor 626.
- the linear guide 660 is driven by a motor (not shown) in a state where the tire W is positioned between the two gripping arms 662 of the tire gripping mechanism 650.
- the two gripping arms 662 move in a direction approaching each other, and the outer peripheral surface (ground contact surface) of the tire W is gripped.
- each nut 630 is disposed corresponding to each bolt hole Wa of the tire W.
- main controller 810 detects the position of each bolt hole Wa of tire W and the position of each nut tightening portion 726.
- the position of each bolt hole Wa is detected based on the image information of the camera 802. Further, since the relative positions of the two gripping arms 662 and the nut tightening portions 726 are fixed, the positions of the nut clamping portions 726 support the positions of the two gripping arms 662 or the gripping arms 662. It detects based on the position of the index stand 646 to be performed. Then, the gripping arm 662 is positioned by moving the index base 646 to a position where the position of each bolt hole Wa and the position of each nut tightening portion 726 coincide.
- the gripping position of the gripping arm 662 is associated with each bolt hole Wa of the tire W
- the position of each bolthole Wa is determined by grasping the position of the gripping arm 662 and the position of the index base 646. You can also know.
- step S123 the first work mechanism 622 holding the nut 630 and the tire W moves to the attachment standby position under the turning action of the robot body 640.
- the first mounting portion 618a on the front wheel side of the automobile body 616 is disposed at the tire mounting work station.
- the two gripping arms 662 are arranged so as to be aligned in the vertical direction.
- the main controller 810 determines that the position at which one of the gripping arms 662 grips the tire W is based on the position information of the arm portion 642, the position information of the gripping arm 662, and the like (the position Pu1 in FIG. 44).
- the one gripping arm 662 is disposed so that the other gripping arm 662 grips the tire W, and the position where the other gripping arm 662 grips the tire W is the lowermost position of the tire W (the position corresponding to the position Pl1 in FIG. 44).
- the other gripping arm 662 is arranged so as to be.
- the camera 680 and 682 of the second working mechanism 624 obtains image information of the first mounting portion 618a (hereinafter also referred to as “front wheel image information”) in a state where the first working mechanism 622 is disposed at the attachment standby position.
- front wheel image information image information of the first mounting portion 618a
- the main control device 810 grips the tire W in step S125.
- the amount by which the gripping arm 662 is displaced is calculated (hereinafter also referred to as “arm displacement amount”). This amount of arm displacement includes the amount of displacement of the gripping arm 662 in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction (see FIG.
- the rotation angle of the tire W is such that the position of the hub bolt 620 (rotation phase) when the tire W is arranged in front of the hub bolt 620 and the center O of the tire and the center of the concentric circle formed by the hub bolt 620 coincide with the Y direction in FIG. Is the angle at which the tire W is rotated by the gripping arm 662 in order to match the position (rotation phase) of the bolt hole Wa, and is calculated as the angle at which the tire W is rotated with reference to the center O of the tire W.
- the main controller 810 limits the rotation angle of the tire W to ⁇ 36 ° (see FIG. 44). This is due to the following reason. That is, the bolt holes Wa are arranged at equiangular angles on a concentric circle. For this reason, the bolt hole Wa positioned on the uppermost side with respect to the vehicle height direction (the Z direction in FIG. 28) is always within a predetermined angle range of the positive and negative on the concentric circle from the uppermost portion on the concentric circle. Exists. Since the angle between the bolt holes Wa is an angle obtained by dividing 360 ° by the number of bolt holes Wa, the predetermined angle is an angle obtained by further dividing the angle into two (180 ° divided by the number of bolt holes Wa). ).
- the predetermined angle is ⁇ 36 °. Therefore, even if the rotation angle of the tire W is limited to ⁇ 36 ° at the maximum, the position (rotation phase) of the hub bolt 620 and the bolt hole Wa can always be matched.
- the position (rotation phase) of the hub bolt 620 is determined based on image information from the cameras 680 and 682 of the second working mechanism 624. For example, an imaginary axis Z1 extending in the height direction (Z direction in FIG. 28) from the center of the concentric circle of the hub bolt 620 is set.
- the highest one of the five hub bolts 620 is detected, and the position of the hub bolt 620 (rotation) depends on which side the hub bolt 620 is on the virtual axis Z1 and the distance of the hub bolt 620 to the virtual axis Z1. Phase).
- the position (rotational phase) of the bolt hole Wa can be specified by the relative position of the gripping arm 662 and the bolt hole Wa calculated in step S122.
- step S126 main controller 810 displaces gripping arm 662 based on the amount of arm displacement calculated in step S125, and positions tire W on first attachment portion 618a. As a result, the tire W is disposed at a position waiting for tightening of the nut 630.
- the gripping arm 662 grips the uppermost part and the lowermost part of the tire W at the attachment standby position, and restricts the rotation angle of the tire W to ⁇ 36 °. ing. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 44, the gripping arm 662 that grips the upper portion of the tire W is a virtual axis Z2 that passes through the center O of the tire W and the uppermost portion Pu1 of the tire W (the virtual axis Z1 described above). And a portion of the contact surface of the tire W corresponding to the first central angle ⁇ 1 of 72 ° is gripped.
- the gripping arm 662 that grips the lower portion of the tire W grips any portion of the ground contact surface of the tire W that has the virtual axis Z2 as the axis of symmetry and that corresponds to the second central angle ⁇ 2 of 72 °.
- the range of the contact surface that can be gripped by the gripping arm 662 under the above restrictions is the upper and lower portions of the tire W.
- the gripping arm 662 that grips the upper portion of the tire W is displaced between the fender 820 of the automobile body 616 and the clearance 822 between the tires W.
- the grip arm 662 does not have to grip the uppermost part and the lowermost part of the tire W at the attachment standby position. For example, by rotating the tire W when positioning the tire W with respect to the automobile body 616, the position where the gripping arm 662 grips the tire W can be limited to the above range.
- the limitation of the gripping position as described above is not very effective when the number of bolt holes Wa or hub bolts 620 is small (specifically, when it is three or less). Therefore, it is preferable to perform the restriction when the number of bolt holes Wa or hub bolts 620 is four or more.
- the main controller 810 connects the second working mechanism 624 to the first working mechanism 622 in step S127. That is, the cylindrical concave portion 698 of the rotational driving force generation unit 678 of the second working mechanism 624 is engaged with the third rod 728 of the nut tightening mechanism 652 of the first working mechanism 622.
- step S128 the rotational driving force is transmitted from the second working mechanism 624 to the first working mechanism 622, and the nut 630 is fastened to the hub bolt 620. Specifically, the rotational driving force is transmitted from the rotational driving force generation unit 678 to the nut tightening mechanism 652.
- the wrench portion 732 of the first working mechanism 622 rotates, whereby the nut 630 held by the wrench portion 732 is fastened to the hub bolt 620.
- the position of the gripping arm 662 is fixed and maintained within the limit range described above.
- step S130 the robot body 640 of the first work mechanism 622 is Then, the nut is moved away from the first mounting portion 618a to the original position on the nut stand 634 side.
- steps S121 to S140 similar to steps S121 to S130 are performed for the second mounting portion 618b.
- steps S121 to S140 similar to steps S121 to S130 are performed for the second mounting portion 618b.
- steps S130 to S134 the automobile body 616 is intermittently conveyed in the X direction in FIG. 28 via the conveyance path 614.
- the 2nd attachment part 618b which is the rear-wheel side is arrange
- step S152 the second working mechanism 624 causes the cameras 680 and 682 to be connected.
- the image information of the hub bolt 620 for the front wheel of the first mounting portion 618a is read through the via.
- the read image information of the cameras 680 and 682 is output to the first image processing apparatus 800.
- the first image processing apparatus 800 calculates a correction amount with respect to the reference position of each hub bolt 620. For example, assuming a virtual axis Z1 extending in the height direction of the automobile body 616 from the center of a concentric circle of five hub bolts 620, the hub bolt 620 at the highest position among the five hub bolts 620 is on the virtual axis Z1. The case can be used as a reference position.
- the correction amount is output from the calculation unit 808 to the main controller 810.
- step S154 the second working mechanism 624 moves to a position where it does not interfere with the work by the first working mechanism 622 in the first mounting portion 618a.
- the second working mechanism 624 is coupled to the first working mechanism 622 in step S156. That is, in the first attachment portion 618a, the rotational driving force transmission portion 686 of the second working mechanism 624 is coupled to the nut tightening portion 726 of the first working mechanism 622.
- step S157 the second working mechanism 624 generates a rotational driving force by the motor 684, and transmits this rotational driving force from the rotational driving force transmission unit 686 to the nut tightening unit 726.
- the nut 630 is fastened to the hub bolt 620, and the tire W is attached to the first attachment portion 618a.
- the number of the rotational driving force transmission portions 686 is two, while the number of the nut tightening portions 726 is five. For this reason, the rotation driving force transmission part 686 and the nut tightening part 726 are connected a plurality of times (the nut 630 is fastened to the hub bolt 620 in the order of two, two, and one).
- step S158 the second working mechanism 624 moves out of interference.
- step S159 the second work mechanism 624 moves to the rear wheel hub bolt detection position, and in step S160, the second work mechanism 624 determines whether the automobile body 616 has been transported by a half pitch along the transport path 614. Determine whether.
- step S160 If it is determined that the vehicle body 616 has been transported by a half pitch (step S160: YES), that is, if it is determined that the second mounting portion 618b on the rear wheel side is disposed at the tire mounting work station, steps S152 to S158 are performed. Steps S161 to S167 similar to the above are performed for the second attachment portion 618b. In step S168, the second working mechanism 624 moves to the front wheel hub bolt position.
- the nut supply mechanism 628 is configured to convey and align the front wheel nut 630 from the nut stock portion 632 to the nut stand 634 via the nut chuck portion 638, and the rear wheel nut. The conveyance and alignment work 630 is repeated.
- the tire assembly devices 612 are arranged on both sides of the automobile body 616, and operations similar to the above are performed substantially simultaneously.
- the replacement of the nut tightening units 722a and 722b is performed according to the position of the hub bolt 620 and the bolt hole Wa.
- the main controller 810 determines whether the position of the bolt hole Wa based on the image information obtained by the first image processing apparatus 800 is different from the position of the nut tightening units 722a and 722b that are currently used. If different, the nut tightening units 722a and 722b can be exchanged from one to the other.
- a pair of gripping arms in the tire positioning step (S126, S166 in FIG. 41) and the nut tightening step (S128, S138 in FIG. 41, S157, S166 in FIG. 42), a pair of gripping arms.
- the position where 662 grips the tire W is limited to the upper part and the lower part of the tire W. Accordingly, the tire W can be assembled relatively easily even in the automobile body 616 having a small clearance 822 between the tire W and the fender 820.
- the tire W and the first attachment portion 618a and the second attachment portion 618b are urged by a suspension (not shown), but do not receive a reaction force from the ground. It is positioned below when W is grounded. For this reason, the clearance 822 between the first attachment portion 618a and the second attachment portion 618b (particularly the upper portion thereof) and the fender 820 before attaching the tire W is the clearance 822 after the tire W is attached and grounded. Bigger than.
- the pair of gripping arms 662 holds the tire W.
- the gripping position is limited to the upper and lower portions of the tire W.
- a plurality of nut tightening units having different nut tightening portions 726 are arranged by offsetting the rotation shaft Y1 that transmits the rotational driving force for tightening the nut 630 to the rotation shaft Y2.
- the rotational driving force can be transmitted to the nut tightening portions 726 of the respective 722a and 722b. Therefore, the rotational driving force required for tightening the nut 630 in the plurality of nut tightening units 722a and 722b can be supplied from the single rotational driving force generator 678.
- the hub bolts 620 and the bolt holes Wa are arranged in a plurality of different vehicle bodies 616.
- the tire W can be assembled. Therefore, it is possible to realize downsizing and cost saving of the entire equipment.
- the third rod 728 of the first working mechanism 622 is formed with an end portion 728a whose tip is tapered, and the rotational driving force transmitting portion 686 of the second working mechanism 624 is formed with a cylindrical recess 698, and the cylindrical recess
- the rotational driving force can be transmitted by engaging 698 and the end portion 728a.
- the cylindrical recess 698 of the second working mechanism 624 and the first working mechanism 622 are arranged.
- the third rod 728 is engaged, and the rotational driving force can be transmitted.
- the first working mechanism 622 grips the tire W and tightens the nut 630
- the second working mechanism 624 generates a rotational driving force for tightening the nut 630, and this rotational driving.
- the nut 630 is tightened by transmitting the force to the nut tightening mechanism 652 of the first working mechanism 622.
- the first working mechanism 622 and the second working mechanism 624 can be effectively downsized and simplified as compared with the case where the tire W is gripped and the nut 630 is tightened by only a single working mechanism.
- the grip of the tire W and the tightening of the nut 630 are performed by a single working mechanism (first working mechanism 622), the relative position of the tire W and the nut 630 is difficult to change, and the tightening position of the nut 630 can be specified. It becomes easy.
- a plurality of nuts 630 are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of hub bolts 620, and the nut tightening step (S128, S138 in FIG. 41, S157, S166 in FIG. 42) is performed in the tire gripping mechanism 650. This can be done by fixing the position. Thereby, in the nut tightening step, the posture of the first working mechanism 622 can be kept constant, and the control of the first working mechanism 622 is facilitated.
- the second working mechanism 624 includes a rotational driving force transmitting portion 686 (cylindrical recess 698) for transmitting rotational driving force, and the nut tightening mechanism 652 of the first working mechanism 622 corresponds to each of the plurality of hub bolts 620.
- the third rod 728, the bearing 730, the wrench portion 732, and the coil spring 734 are provided. This makes it easy to tighten the nut 630 with the nut tightening mechanism 652 while fixing the position of the tire W with the tire gripping mechanism 650.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係るタイヤ組付装置10が配置される組立ライン12の斜視説明図である。
図10は、本発明の第2実施形態に係るタイヤ組付装置210が配置される組立ライン212の斜視説明図である。
図20は、本発明の第3実施形態に係るタイヤ組付装置410が配置される組立ライン412の斜視説明図である。
図26は、本発明の第4実施形態に係るタイヤ組付装置480が配置される組立ライン482のブロック図である。なお、第3実施形態に係る組立ライン412と同一の構成要素には同一の参照符号を付して、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図27は、本発明の第5実施形態に係るタイヤ組付装置500が配置される組立ライン502の斜視説明図である。なお、第3実施形態に係る組立ライン412と同一の構成要素には同一の参照符号を付して、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図28は、本発明の第6実施形態に係るタイヤ組付装置612が一対で配置される組立ライン610の斜視説明図である。
Claims (40)
- 車両のハブボルトに対してタイヤを自動的に組み付けるタイヤ組付装置であって、
前記タイヤを把持するタイヤ把持手段、及び前記タイヤが配置された前記ハブボルトに、ナットを仮締めするナット仮締め手段を設ける第1作業機構と、
仮締めされた前記ナットを本締めする本締め手段を設ける第2作業機構と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項1記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記第2作業機構は、前記車両のハブボルト位置を検出する検出センサを設ける
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項1記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
タイヤ供給部に配置されている前記タイヤのボルト孔を検出するボルト孔検出センサと、
前記車両のハブボルト位置情報及び前記タイヤのボルト孔位置情報を処理し、前記第1作業機構の動作を制御する制御機構と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項1記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記ナット仮締め手段は、
着脱自在な複数のナットランナと、
複数の前記ナットランナを一体に回転させる単一の回転駆動源と、
を備える
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項1記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記本締め手段は、
2本のナットランナと、
2本の前記ナットランナ同士の間隔を調整可能な間隔調整部と、
を備える
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項1記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記ナットを前記ナット仮締め手段に対応して整列させる第3作業機構を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 車両のハブボルトに対してタイヤを自動的に組み付けるタイヤ組付方法であって、
第1作業機構により前記タイヤを把持するとともに、前記タイヤが配置された前記ハブボルトに、ナットを仮締めする工程と、
第2作業機構を介し、前記第1作業機構により仮締めされた前記ナットを本締めする工程と、
を有することを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項7記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
前記第1作業機構と前記第2作業機構とは、互いに干渉することなく各作業を並行して行う
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項7記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
前記第2作業機構により前記車両のハブボルト位置を検出する工程を有する
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項7記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
タイヤ供給部に配置されている前記タイヤのボルト孔を検出する工程と、
前記車両のハブボルト位置情報及び前記タイヤのボルト孔位置情報に基づいて、前記第1作業機構の動作を制御する工程と、
を有することを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項7記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
前記第1作業機構及び前記第2作業機構は、タイヤ取付ステーションに配置されるとともに、
前記車両は、前輪用の前記ハブボルトと後輪用の前記ハブボルトとが、前記タイヤ取付ステーションに、順次、配置されるように間欠搬送される
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 車両のハブボルトに対してタイヤを自動的に組み付けるタイヤ組付装置であって、
前記タイヤを把持するタイヤ把持手段、及び前記タイヤが配置された前記ハブボルトに、ナットを仮締めするナット仮締め手段を設ける第1作業機構と、
前記車両の前輪側又は後輪側である第1取付部位に対応して配設され、仮締めされた前記ナットを本締めする第1本締め手段を設ける第2作業機構と、
前記車両の後輪側又は前輪側である第2取付部位に対応して配設され、仮締めされた前記ナットを本締めする第2本締め手段を設ける第3作業機構と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項12記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記第2作業機構は、前記第1取付部位のハブボルト位置を検出する第1検出センサを設けるとともに、
前記第3作業機構は、前記第2取付部位のハブボルト位置を検出する第2検出センサを設ける
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項13記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
タイヤ供給部に配置されている前記タイヤのボルト孔を検出する第3検出センサと、
前記第1~第3検出センサから得られる位置情報を処理し、前記第1作業機構の動作を制御する制御機構と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項12記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記ナット仮締め手段は、
着脱自在な複数のナットランナと、
複数の前記ナットランナを一体に回転させる単一の回転駆動源と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項12記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記第1本締め手段及び前記第2本締め手段は、
それぞれ2本のナットランナと、
2本の前記ナットランナ同士の間隔を調整可能な間隔調整部と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 車両のハブボルトに対してタイヤを自動的に組み付けるタイヤ組付方法であって、
第1作業機構により前記タイヤを把持するとともに、前記タイヤが配置された前記ハブボルトに、ナットを仮締めする工程と、
前記車両の前輪側又は後輪側である第1取付部位に対応して配設された第2作業機構を介し、前記第1作業機構により仮締めされた前記ナットを本締めする工程と、
前記車両の後輪側又は前輪側である第2取付部位に対応して配設された第3作業機構を介し、前記第1作業機構により仮締めされた前記ナットを本締めする工程と、
を有することを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項17記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
前記第1作業機構と、前記第2作業機構及び前記第3作業機構とは、互いに干渉することなく各作業を並行して行う
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項17記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
前記第2作業機構により前記第1取付部位の前記ハブボルト位置を検出する工程と、
前記第3作業機構により前記第2取付部位の前記ハブボルト位置を検出する工程と、
を有することを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項19記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
タイヤ供給部に配置されている前記タイヤのボルト孔を検出する工程と、
前記第1取付部位及び前記第2取付部位の各ハブボルト位置と、前記タイヤの前記ボルト孔の位置とに基づいて、前記第1作業機構の動作を制御する工程と、
を有することを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - ワークに対して作業を行う作業ユニットと、
前記作業ユニットの重量を保持し、且つ前記作業ユニットを移動自在に装着する第1作業機構と、
前記作業ユニット又は前記第1作業機構の一部に着脱可能に連結され、該作業ユニットを前記作業に沿って自動操作する第2作業機構と、
を備えることを特徴とする作業装置。 - 請求項21記載の作業装置において、
前記第1作業機構は、バランサ機構又は多関節ロボットを備える
ことを特徴とする作業装置。 - 請求項21記載の作業装置において、
前記作業ユニットは、タイヤが装着される車両のハブボルトに対してナットを自動的に締め付けるナットランナを備える
ことを特徴とする作業装置。 - ワークに対して作業を行う作業ユニットを、前記作業ユニットの重量を保持し、且つ前記作業ユニットを移動自在な第1作業機構に装着する工程と、
第2作業機構を、前記作業ユニット又は前記第1作業機構の一部に着脱可能に連結する工程と、
前記第1作業機構に装着されている前記作業ユニットを、前記第2作業機構により前記作業に沿って自動操作する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする作業方法。 - 請求項24記載の作業方法において、
前記第1作業機構は、バランサ機構又は多関節ロボットを有する
ことを特徴とする作業方法。 - 請求項24記載の作業方法において、
前記作業ユニットは、タイヤが装着される車両のハブボルトに対してナットを自動的に締め付けるナットランナを有する
ことを特徴とする作業方法。 - タイヤを把持する一対のアームを有するタイヤ搬送機構と、複数のナットそれぞれを複数のハブボルトそれぞれに締め付けるナット締付機構と、を備えるタイヤ組付装置を用いるタイヤ組付方法であって、
前記タイヤ組付方法は、
前記一対のアームにより前記タイヤを把持するタイヤ把持工程と、
前記一対のアームにより前記タイヤを車両のタイヤ組付部に対して位置決めするタイヤ位置決め工程と、
前記一対のアームにより前記タイヤを把持した状態で、前記ナット締付機構により前記複数のナットそれぞれを前記複数のハブボルトそれぞれに締め付けるナット締付工程と、
を有し、
前記タイヤ位置決め工程及び前記ナット締付工程では、前記一対のアームが前記タイヤを把持する位置を、前記タイヤの上部及び下部に制限する
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項27記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
前記タイヤの上部は、前記タイヤの最上部を含むと共に、前記タイヤの中心と前記タイヤの最上部とを通過する仮想軸をその対称軸とし且つ360°を前記タイヤのボルト孔の数で割った角度に等しい第1中心角に対応する部分であり、
前記タイヤの下部は、前記タイヤの最下部を含むと共に、前記仮想軸をその対称軸とし且つ360°を前記タイヤのボルト孔の数で割った角度に等しい第2中心角に対応する部分であり、
前記ボルト孔の数は、4つ以上である
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項27記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
前記タイヤ組付方法は、さらに、
前記タイヤのボルト孔を検出し、ボルト孔位置情報を取得するボルト孔位置情報取得工程と、
前記一対のアームが前記タイヤの最上部及び最下部を把持した状態で、前記タイヤを前記車両のタイヤ取付部の手前に位置合わせするタイヤ位置合わせ工程と、
前記ハブボルトを検出し、ハブボルト位置情報を取得するハブボルト位置情報取得工程と、
前記複数のボルト孔と前記複数のハブボルトの位置を一致させるための前記タイヤの回転角度を算出する回転角度算出工程と、
算出した前記回転角度に応じて前記タイヤを回転させるタイヤ回転工程と、
を有し、
前記回転角度算出工程では、前記タイヤの回転角度を、180°を前記ハブボルトの数で割った値以内に制限する
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - タイヤを把持する一対のアームを有するタイヤ搬送機構と、
複数のナットそれぞれを複数のハブボルトそれぞれに締め付けるナット締付機構と、
を備えるタイヤ組付装置であって、
前記一対のアームにより前記タイヤを車両のタイヤ組付部に対して位置決めし、
前記一対のアームにより前記タイヤを把持した状態で、前記ナット締付機構により前記複数のナットそれぞれを前記複数のハブボルトそれぞれに締め付け、
前記タイヤの位置決め及び前記ナットの締付けの際、前記一対のアームが前記タイヤを把持する位置を、前記タイヤの上部及び下部に制限する
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項30記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記タイヤの上部は、前記タイヤの最上部を含むと共に、前記タイヤの中心と前記タイヤの最上部とを通過する仮想軸をその対称軸とし且つ360°を前記タイヤのボルト孔の数で割った角度に等しい第1中心角に対応する部分であり、
前記タイヤの下部は、前記タイヤの最下部を含むと共に、前記仮想軸をその対称軸とし且つ360°を前記タイヤのボルト孔の数で割った角度に等しい第2中心角に対応する部分であり、
前記ボルト孔の数は、4つ以上である
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - ナットを締め付けるための回転駆動力を生成する回転駆動力生成部と、
前記ナットをハブボルトに締め付けるナット締付部が複数配置された第1締付ユニットと、
前記第1締結ユニットと切替可能であり且つ前記第1締付ユニットとは異なる配置で前記ナット締付部が複数配置された第2締付ユニットと、
前記回転駆動力生成部から前記第1締付ユニット又は前記第2締付ユニットに前記回転駆動力を伝達する回転駆動力伝達部と
を有するタイヤ組付装置であって、
前記回転駆動力伝達部は、前記回転駆動力を伝達する回転軸をオフセットさせることにより、前記第1締付ユニットの前記ナット締付部及び前記第2締付ユニットの前記ナット締付部のいずれに対しても前記回転駆動力を伝達可能とするオフセット機構を備える
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項32記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記オフセット機構は、
前記回転駆動力生成部に連結された複数の第1軸部材と、
前記複数のナット締付部に連結された複数の第2軸部材と、
前記第1軸部材又は前記第2軸部材に設けられ、前記第1軸部材と前記第2軸部材とを連結する複数のユニバーサルジョイント機構と
を有する
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項33記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記第1軸部材又は前記第2軸部材には、先端が先細りする凸部及び前記凸部と係合する筒状の凹部の一方が形成され、
前記ユニバーサルジョイント機構には、前記凸部及び前記凹部の他方が形成され、
前記凸部と前記凹部とが係合することにより、前記第1軸部材又は前記第2軸部材と前記ユニバーサルジョイント機構とが連結して前記回転駆動力を伝達する
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - ナットをハブボルトに締め付けるナット締付部が複数配置された第1締付ユニットと、前記第1締結ユニットと切替可能であり且つ前記第1締付ユニットとは異なる配置で前記ナット締付部が複数配置された第2締付ユニットとを切り替えて用いるタイヤ組付方法であって、
前記タイヤ組付方法は、
前記ナットを締め付けるための回転駆動力を生成する回転駆動力生成工程と、
前記回転駆動力生成部から前記第1締付ユニット又は前記第2締付ユニットのナット締付部に前記回転駆動力を伝達する回転駆動力伝達工程と
を有し、
前記回転駆動力伝達工程では、前記第1締付ユニット及び前記第2締付ユニットの少なくとも一方が用いられるとき、前記回転駆動力を伝達する回転軸をオフセットさせる
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - タイヤ把持部とナット締付部とを有する第1作業機構と、ナットを締め付けるための回転駆動力を生成する第2作業機構と、を備えるタイヤ組付装置を用いるタイヤ組付方法であって、
前記第1作業機構の前記ナット締付部に複数のナットを保持させるナット保持工程と、
前記第1作業機構の前記タイヤ把持部によりタイヤを把持するタイヤ把持工程と、
前記第1作業機構により前記タイヤを車両のタイヤ組付部に対して位置決めするタイヤ位置決め工程と、
前記タイヤ把持部により前記タイヤを把持した状態で、前記第2作業機構から前記第1作業機構の前記ナット締付部に前記回転駆動力を伝達し、前記複数のナットそれぞれを前記車両の複数のハブボルトそれぞれに締め付けるナット締付工程と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - 請求項36記載のタイヤ組付方法において、
前記第1作業機構では、前記複数のハブボルトそれぞれに対応させて前記複数のナットそれぞれを配置し、
前記ナット締付工程は、前記タイヤ把持部の位置を固定して行う
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付方法。 - タイヤ把持部とナット締付部とを有する第1作業機構と、
ナットを締め付けるための回転駆動力を生成し、この回転駆動力を前記ナット締付部に伝達する第2作業機構と、
を備えるタイヤ組付装置であって、
前記タイヤ把持部によりタイヤを把持した状態で、前記第2作業機構から前記第1作業機構の前記ナット締付部に前記回転駆動力を伝達し、前記ナットを車両のハブボルトに締め付ける
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項38記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記ナット締付部は、複数のハブボルトそれぞれに対応させて複数のナットそれぞれを保持する
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。 - 請求項39記載のタイヤ組付装置において、
前記第2作業機構は、前記回転駆動力を伝達するための回転駆動力伝達部を備え、
前記ナット締付部は、前記複数のハブボルトそれぞれに対応して、
前記回転駆動力伝達部に係合して回転するロッドと、
前記ロッドを回転可能に支持するベアリングと、
前記ロッドと一緒に回転し且つ前記ロッドの軸方向に進退して前記ナットを前記ハブボルトに締め付けるレンチ部と、
前記ロッドと前記レンチ部との間に配置され、前記レンチ部を前記ハブボルトに向かって付勢する付勢手段と、
を備える
ことを特徴とするタイヤ組付装置。
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Also Published As
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US20140310933A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
US20140331487A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
US8776345B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
US20140317898A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
CN102015427B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
US9757828B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
US20140310944A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
US20110048649A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
US9757827B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
US20140331467A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
US9610660B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
US9700974B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
CN102015427A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
US9700973B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
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