WO2007145300A1 - 窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体発光素子 - Google Patents
窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007145300A1 WO2007145300A1 PCT/JP2007/062063 JP2007062063W WO2007145300A1 WO 2007145300 A1 WO2007145300 A1 WO 2007145300A1 JP 2007062063 W JP2007062063 W JP 2007062063W WO 2007145300 A1 WO2007145300 A1 WO 2007145300A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gallium nitride
- compound semiconductor
- nitride compound
- light
- emitting device
- Prior art date
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- -1 Gallium nitride compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIIGDTFMNJXRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [In].[Li]C Chemical compound [In].[Li]C PIIGDTFMNJXRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002711 AuNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000002329 Inga feuillei Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000078 germane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
- H01L33/22—Roughened surfaces, e.g. at the interface between epitaxial layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system containing nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device, and more particularly to a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device whose planar shape is a rectangle having different lengths in length and width.
- gallium nitride compound semiconductor materials have attracted attention as semiconductor materials for short wavelength light emitting devices.
- Gallium nitride compound semiconductors have attracted attention as semiconductor materials for short wavelength light emitting devices.
- MOCVD metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting devices light from the light-emitting layer is efficiently extracted outside using a transparent electrode such as an AuNi transparent electrode as a positive electrode and an ITO electrode.
- a transparent electrode such as an AuNi transparent electrode as a positive electrode and an ITO electrode.
- various LED chips have been devised by designing the arrangement of the pad electrode on the transparent electrode and the electrode such as the negative electrode provided on the ⁇ -type layer (for example, special Open 2 0 0 5 — 1 9 6 4 6).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device that solves the above-described problems, has a high light extraction efficiency, and has a planar shape with a high light emission output and a rectangular shape with different lengths in the vertical and horizontal sides. is there.
- the present invention provides the following inventions.
- a light-emitting device comprising a substrate and a gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer laminated on the substrate, wherein the planar shape of the light-emitting device is a rectangle having different lengths in length and width, and the gallium nitride compound A gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light emitting device characterized in that a side surface of a semiconductor layer is not perpendicular to a main surface of a substrate.
- the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting element according to the above item 3 wherein the side surface on the long rectangular side of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer has a plane orientation other than the M plane in the gallium nitride single crystal lattice.
- a method for manufacturing a light emitting device comprising a substrate and a gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer laminated on the substrate, wherein the planar shape is a rectangle with different lengths in the length and width directions, the gallium nitride compound A step of covering the surface side of the semiconductor layer with a mask having a predetermined pattern, a step of removing the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer in a portion to be divided into elements until reaching the substrate, and a step of performing a wet etching process after the removal And a method of manufacturing the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting element.
- the wet etching process is performed using phosphoric acid.
- the gallium nitride compound semiconductor according to any one of the above 8-1 1 to 11 above. Manufacturing method of body light emitting element.
- a lamp comprising the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting element according to any one of 1 to 7 above.
- the side surface of the semiconductor layer of the light-emitting device is inclined to reflect the amount of light transmitted on the side surface or reflected on the side surface.
- the amount of extracted light is extracted from the other surface to the outside, and the light extraction efficiency is improved.
- the light extraction efficiency is further improved. To do.
- a light-emitting element with less damage can be obtained by performing wet etching on a side surface of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer formed on a difficult-to-process substrate such as sapphire.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of light travel in the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of light travel in a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of light travel in a conventional gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device.
- Figure 4 shows a typical layer structure of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the planar arrangement of the electrodes of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device fabricated in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the planar arrangement of the electrodes of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device fabricated in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating the side shape of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device fabricated in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating the side shape of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device fabricated in Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance between the positive electrode bonding pad and the negative electrode obtained in Example 2 and the light emitting element characteristics.
- the present invention relates to a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device having a rectangular planar shape with different vertical and horizontal side lengths, and a device structure in which the side surface of the semiconductor layer is not perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate (hereinafter referred to as tilt). By doing so, the light extraction efficiency is dramatically improved.
- Another feature is that light-extracting side surfaces are formed into a shape that takes advantage of light by taking advantage of the difficulty of chemical etching of each crystal face of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor crystal.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of light travel in the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention, where the angle 0 between the side surface of the semiconductor layer and the main surface of the substrate is smaller than 90 °.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of light travel in a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device according to another embodiment of the present invention. The angle 0 between the side surface of the semiconductor layer and the main surface of the substrate is 90 °. If it is larger.
- 20 4 is the main surface of the substrate (2 0 1)
- 2 0 5 is the side surface of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer (2 0 2)
- the angle formed by these is S.
- 20 3 is the path of light emitted at point A in the semiconductor layer.
- Figure 3 shows the light in a conventional gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a progression typically, and is a case where the side surface of a semiconductor layer is perpendicular
- Fig. 3 shows a conventional gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device. For example, if the light emitted from point A travels as shown by the arrow, the light incident on the side surface of the semiconductor layer is above the critical angle. The light is reflected there, and is reflected on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer beyond the critical angle. As a result, the light extraction rate decreases.
- the light is reflected on the side surface of the semiconductor layer, but is within the critical angle on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer, so that the light can be transmitted and extracted from the light emitting element.
- the inclination angle ⁇ is smaller than 90 °.
- 0 is from 10 ° to 80 °, more preferably from 30 ° to 70 °.
- the incident light is within the critical angle on the side surface of the semiconductor layer, so that the light passes through the semiconductor layer.
- the light extraction efficiency increases in both cases of Figs. 1 and 2, but if the angle 0 between the side surface of the semiconductor layer and the main surface of the substrate is less than 90 ° as shown in Fig. 1, the semiconductor It is preferable because the probability that light directed to the side of the layer will be reflected from the side and headed upward will be higher than in the case of Fig. 2.
- the light extraction efficiency is improved by utilizing the side surface of the light emitting element. Therefore, when the area of the light emitting element (planar projection area) is the same, it is advantageous that the side surface area is large. In short, it is advantageous that the ratio of the peripheral length to the planar projection area of the light emitting element is larger. It is.
- the ratio of the peripheral length to the area is larger for a rectangle with opposite side lengths than for a square with all equal side lengths.
- the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency by inclining with respect to is large when the planar shape of the light emitting element is a rectangle with different lengths in the vertical and horizontal sides, that is, a rectangle.
- the planar shape of the light emitting device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a rectangle having different lengths in the vertical and horizontal sides, that is, a rectangle.
- an arbitrary shape can be obtained in accordance with an electronic device or the like in which a light emitting element is incorporated.
- the ratio of the short side to the long side of the rectangle is preferably as large as possible. This is because the ratio of the peripheral length to the area increases as the ratio of the short side to the long side increases. However, if this ratio becomes too large, the light-emitting element becomes too long. As a result, it becomes difficult to dispose the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the drive voltage increases. Therefore, the ratio of the short side to the long side of the light emitting device of the present invention is preferably 1:10 to 4: 5. More preferably, it is 1: 2 to 2: 3.
- the absolute length of the long side is preferably 50 to 200, more preferably 200 to 6 0 0 m.
- the absolute length of the short side is preferably 40 to 100 m, and more preferably 100 to 300 m.
- the layer structure of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device for example, the layer structure as shown in FIG. 4 is well known, and the layer structure of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention is also such a well known layer. Any layer structure including the structure can be used.
- 1 is a substrate
- 2 is a buffer layer
- 3 is an n-type semiconductor layer.
- n-type semiconductor layer is an underlayer ( 3 c), an n-type contact layer (3a) and an n-type cladding layer (3b).
- 4 is a light emitting layer
- 5 is a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the p-type semiconductor layer is composed of a p-type cladding layer (5b) and a p-type contact layer (5a).
- Reference numeral 10 denotes a positive electrode, which is composed of a translucent positive electrode (1 1) and a positive electrode bonding pad (1 2). 20 is the negative electrode.
- the substrate 1 includes a sapphire single crystal (A 1 2 0 3 ; A face, C face, M face, R face), spinel single crystal (Mg A 1 2 O 4 ), Zn 0 single crystal.
- L i a 1 O 2 single crystal, L i G a O 2 single crystal, M G_ ⁇ single crystal or G a 2 ⁇ 3 oxide single crystal substrate such as a single crystal
- sapphire single crystals or SiC single crystals are preferred. Also, it may be a just substrate or a substrate with an off-angle.
- the gallium nitride compound semiconductor single crystal grown on the substrate is a sapphire single crystal.
- crystal (a l 2 ⁇ 3; a plane, C plane, M-plane, R-plane) to be crystal growth orientation in line with are known.
- a plane other than the M plane for example, the A plane has a crystal vertex. Exposed, concave and convex are easily formed, and the M surface tends to be flat.
- the side surface of the light emitting element is used for improving the light extraction efficiency, if the side surface is uneven, the surface area of the side surface is increased, and the light extraction efficiency is further improved. Therefore, in the light emitting device of the present invention, the long side of the rectangle is M It is preferable to use a surface other than the surface, for example, the A surface.
- the gallium nitride compound semiconductors that make up the buffer layer, n-type semiconductor layer, light-emitting layer, and p-type semiconductor layer can be represented by the general formula A lx I ny G a ⁇ x — y N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ Semiconductors of various compositions represented by y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1) are known.
- the general formula A lx I ny G a, x _ y N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, Semiconductors with various compositions represented by 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and 0 ⁇ ⁇ + y ⁇ 1) can be used without any limitation.
- Methods for growing these Group III nitride semiconductors include organic metal vapor phase epitaxy (MOC VD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). is there. Desirably, the composition control is easy and the MO C VD method with mass productivity is suitable. The method is not necessarily limited to this method.
- trimethylaluminum (TMA 1) or triethylaluminum (TEA 1) is mainly used as the raw material for Group III A 1.
- lithium methylindium (TMI) or lithium ethylindium (TEI) is used as a raw material.
- Ammonia (NH 3 ) or hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) is used as the Group V N source.
- Si or Ge is used as a dopant material.
- G e H 4 germane
- G e H 6 germane
- Mg Is used as the raw material.
- the raw material for example, biscyclopentadecenyl magnesium (C p 2 Mg) or bisethylcyclopentagenyl magnesium ((E t C p) 2 Mg) is used.
- a low temperature buffer method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3 026 087 is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 4 29 073. It is possible to use a lattice-mismatched crystal epitaxial growth technique called Seeding Process (SP) method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 3 — 2 4 3 3 0 2.
- SP Seeding Process
- the gallium nitride compound semiconductor as the underlying layer on top of it is either an unfolded or 5 X 1 0 17 It is desirable to use a lightly doped GaN of about 3 cm.
- the thickness of the underlayer is preferably 1 to 20 m, and more preferably 5 to 15 m.
- n-type contact layer made of n-type G a N is grown on the underlayer in contact with the negative electrode to supply current.
- the n-type G a N is grown while supplying an n-type dopant such that 1 X 10 18 cm— 3 to: LX 10 19 cm— 3 .
- Si or Ge is selected as the n-type dopant.
- doping there may be a case of uniformly doping or a structure in which a low-dope layer and a high-dop layer are repeated periodically. In particular, the latter intermittent doping is effective in suppressing the pitch generated during crystal growth.
- the n-type cladding layer can be formed of AlGaN, GaN, InGaN, etc., but when InGaN, the active layer InGa Needless to say, a composition larger than the N band gap is desirable.
- the carrier concentration of the n-type cladding layer may be the same as the n-type contact layer, or may be large or small. Yes.
- the light emitting layer on the n-type cladding layer is preferably a quantum well structure.
- a single quantum well structure having only one well layer or a multiple quantum well structure having a plurality of well layers may be used.
- the multi-quantum well structure is suitable because it can have both high output and low driving voltage as a device structure using a gallium nitride compound semiconductor.
- the entire combination of a well layer (active layer) and a barrier layer is referred to as a light emitting layer in this specification.
- the P-type semiconductor layer is usually 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m thick, and is composed of a p-type cladding layer in contact with the light emitting layer and a p-type contact layer for forming the positive electrode.
- the p-type cladding layer and the p-type contact layer can be combined.
- the P-type cladding layer is formed using G a N, A 1 G a N, etc., and doped with Mg as a p-type layer.
- negative electrodes having various compositions and structures are known, and these known negative electrodes can be used without any limitation.
- a 1 Ti, Ni, Au, etc., Cr, W, V, etc. can be used as the contact material for the negative electrode in contact with the n-type contact layer.
- bondability and the like can be imparted by forming the entire negative electrode into a multilayer structure. In particular, it is preferable to cover the outermost surface with Au in order to facilitate bonding.
- positive electrodes having various compositions and structures are well known, and these known positive electrodes can be used without any limitation.
- the translucent positive electrode material may include Pt, Pd, Au, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, and the like.
- the translucency is improved by using a structure in which a part thereof is oxidized.
- a conductive oxide such as ITO, IZO, or IWO, which is common as a transparent electrode.
- As a reflection type positive electrode material In addition to these materials, R h, A g, A 1 and the like can be used.
- a positive electrode bonding pad that forms a bonding pad part on a part of the surface is prepared.
- the positive electrode is combined with the positive electrode bonding pad.
- Various materials are known as materials for the positive electrode bonding pad, and these well-known materials can be used in the present invention without any particular limitation.
- a 1 T i, N i and A u used for the negative electrode material, Cr, W and V can be used without any limitation.
- the thickness should be sufficiently thick so as not to damage the light-transmitting or reflective positive electrode against the stress during bonding.
- the outermost layer is preferably made of a material having good adhesion to the bonding ball, such as A u.
- the positive electrode bonding pad be formed near the center of the long rectangular side in order to extract the light emitted from the lower part of the positive electrode bonding pad to the maximum from the lateral direction.
- the positive electrode bonding pad at the center of the long side of the rectangle, for example, ⁇ 30% from the center, the current diffusion path can be shortened and the drive voltage of the element can be lowered.
- a wafer in which a gallium nitride compound semiconductor, a negative electrode, and a positive electrode are stacked on a substrate is divided into each light emitting element, and the side surface of the semiconductor layer is inclined, so that the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the exposed p-type semiconductor layer First, a resist pattern is formed so as to cover.
- the side surface orientation is the M plane of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor crystal
- the side surface shape becomes flat.
- the surface orientation of the side surface is a surface other than the M surface of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor crystal
- the side surface shape is uneven.
- the resist may be positive or negative. Lithography is performed according to a general procedure using a photomask with an appropriate pattern so that the boundaries of individual elements including the positive and negative electrodes are exposed. Alternatively, if the resist covers the electrodes and P-type semiconductor layer described above and individual elements can be identified, a lithograph is not necessarily required.
- the film thickness is preferably 0.1 m to 20 zm. If the film thickness is thin, the film is easily peeled off during wet etching, and if it is thick, there will be a problem of lithographic resolution and it will be difficult to recognize the underlying pattern. It is preferably 0.5 m to 10 m, and more preferably 1 m to 5 m.
- the removal of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor until it reaches the substrate is preferably performed by a laser.
- a laser By choosing a laser with a wavelength shorter than the absorption edge of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor, the processing position is laser-irradiated due to the high absorption coefficient of 10 5 cm- 1 of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor. Limited to location.
- the laser processing depth of the substrate can be arbitrarily selected in the range of 1 m or more, but if the processing depth is small, the shape of the subsequent division process is likely to occur. If it is 10 m or more, the occurrence of defects is suppressed, but if it is 2 or more, it is more desirable.
- a dicer method which is a mechanical method, is also possible.
- the selection of the blade used for cutting is made suitable, and chipping and cracking of the element can be suppressed by keeping the amount of biting into the substrate as small as possible.
- it is arbitrarily selected within the range of 1 H m to 50 m, it may be selected from 1 ⁇ m to 20 m, more preferably 1 m to l 0 m.
- wet etching is applied to the divided parts to form recesses (split grooves).
- Wet etching is performed using orthophosphoric acid.
- Orthophosphoric acid is added to a beaker placed in a predetermined heating apparatus, and heated at 100 to ⁇ 400. If the heating temperature is low, the etching rate is slow, and if it is too high, the mask peels off. Desirably, it is 1300 to ⁇ 300, and more desirably 1800 to ⁇ 24.0, it is possible to obtain both sufficient etching speed and mask resistance.
- the side surface of the semiconductor layer inclined with respect to the main surface of the substrate can be obtained.
- FU face-up
- FC chip
- the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention can be formed into a lamp by providing a transparent cover by means well known in the art, for example.
- a white lamp can be produced by combining the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention and a cover having a phosphor.
- a lamp manufactured from the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention has a high light output and a low driving voltage
- a mobile phone, a display, a panel, or the like incorporating the lamp manufactured by this technology is used.
- Such electronic devices, and automobiles, combi- nations, game machines, and other mechanical devices incorporating such electronic devices can be driven with low power and can achieve high characteristics.
- battery-powered devices such as mobile phones, game machines, toys, and automobile parts are effective in saving power.
- an underlayer made of undoped G a N is periodically doped with 6 nm and Ge on the noffer layer so that the average carrier concentration becomes 1 XI 0 19 cm- 3.
- N-type contact layer made of N is 4 zm, I no. I G ao.gN thickness is 12.5 nm n-type cladding layer, G a N is made of 16 nm thick barrier layer I n 0. 2 G a fl .
- well layer of 5 nm composed of n, light-emitting layer having the multiple quantum well structure in which the end provided with the barrier layer, M g de (Concentration 8 X 1 0 19 Z cm 3 ) Al o. Q 3 G ao. 97 N thick 0.15; m p-type contact layers are sequentially stacked to form nitride nitride on the substrate. A lithium compound semiconductor layer was obtained.
- a 0.25-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) film was formed on the surface of the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor layer by using a sputtering apparatus to obtain a transparent electrode. Thereafter, using a known lithographic technique and an ITO etching technique, the indium tin oxide (ITO) film portion was formed into a predetermined rectangular shape. At that time, in the direction of each side of the rectangular shape, the vertical and horizontal directions of the light-emitting element correspond to the plane orientation of the sapphire C-plane substrate, and the long side of the rectangle is the A plane of the G a N crystal (1 1 1 2 0) The orientation was aligned to be parallel to the.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a resist protective film was formed by a known lithographic technique for the purpose of protecting the rectangular transparent conductive film.
- a negative electrode was formed on the n-type contact layer in the negative electrode formation region by a known lithographic technique.
- a positive electrode bonding pad was formed on the transparent electrode by a known lithographic technique.
- Both the negative and positive bonding pads have a structure in which Cr (4 0 0 A) / ⁇ i (1 0 0 0 A) no A u (1 0 0 0 0 A) is stacked from the semiconductor layer side. Yes, these laminations were performed by a known vapor deposition technique.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the planar arrangement of the electrodes of the light-emitting element fabricated in this example.
- the outer shape of the light-emitting element is a rectangle with a short side of 2500 nm and a long side of 500 nm.
- the position of the positive bonding pad is at the center of the long side and the distance from the negative electrode is 2 3 did.
- the size of the positive bonding pad is 95 / m in diameter.
- the photoresist used in the lithograph is applied to the wafer 8. After that, the substrate was exposed only at the boundary between the individual light emitting elements by litho-draft again.
- a laser was used as a means for removing the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer until it reached the substrate.
- the wavelength of the laser is 26 6 nm
- the frequency is 50 kHz
- the output is 1.6 W
- the processing speed is 70 mm / sec
- the dividing groove reaching the depth of 20 ⁇ m on the substrate is first X It was formed in the axial direction.
- the stage was rotated 90 °, and split grooves were formed in the same manner in the Y-axis direction.
- the width of the split groove was 2 m.
- the substrate after the formation of the split groove was wet etched by immersing it in a quartz beaker containing orthophosphoric acid heated to 240 using a heating device for 20 minutes.
- the etching amount of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer was 5.2 m.
- the substrate and the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer after the wet etching were washed with water in an ultrasonic wave, and the etching mask made of resist was removed by organic cleaning.
- the etched substrate and the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer were further thinned by polishing the substrate side until the thickness of the substrate reached 80 ⁇ , and then separated into individual light emitting elements by a braking device. .
- the side surface of the light-emitting element was observed by SEM, the side surface of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer was found to be perpendicular to the side surface of the sapphire substrate, as shown in Fig. 1. ) was 70 °. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the shape of the side surface of the light emitting element was substantially flat on the short side, but was uneven on the long side.
- a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light emitting device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the position of the positive electrode bonding pad was changed, and the obtained light emitting device was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a positive electrode bonding pad.
- Figure 7 shows the results. From this figure, it can be seen that the light emission output gradually increases as the distance between the positive electrode bonding pad and the negative electrode increases. On the other hand, the drive voltage also increases as the distance between the positive and negative electrode bonding pads increases, and especially when the distance exceeds 2500 m, the range of increase increases. Therefore, from the balance of light emission output and drive voltage, the position of the positive electrode bonding pad is preferably near the center of the long side of the light emitting element.
- a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the orientation was aligned so that the long side of the rectangle was parallel to the M-plane (1 0 – 1 0) of the GaN crystal. did.
- the obtained light emitting device was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the output when 20 mA was applied was 6.4 mW, and the drive voltage was 3.30 V.
- the angle ( ⁇ ) between the side surface and the main surface of the substrate was 70 ° as shown in Fig. 1 of the side surface of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer.
- the shape of the side surface of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer was uneven on the short side, but was almost flat on the long side.
- a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that wet etching was not performed.
- the obtained light emitting device was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the output when 20 mA was applied was 5. l mW, and the drive voltage was 3.32 V.
- the side surface of the light emitting element was observed by SEM, the side surface of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer was perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate, like the side surface of the substrate. Further, the shape of the side surface of the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor layer was almost flat on both the short side and the long side.
- the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention has a high light emission output, and since the planar shape is a rectangle with different lengths in the vertical and horizontal sides, it is efficiently incorporated into various electronic devices, The industrial utility value is extremely high.
Abstract
Description
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EP07745319.9A EP2031665B1 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-08 | Gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting element |
CN200780021924.8A CN101467272B (zh) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-08 | 氮化镓系化合物半导体发光元件 |
US12/300,302 US8188495B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-08 | Gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light emitting device |
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EP (1) | EP2031665B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5250856B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101077078B1 (ja) |
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KR101077078B1 (ko) | 2011-10-26 |
JP5250856B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2031665A4 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
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US20090212319A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
TW200818546A (en) | 2008-04-16 |
EP2031665A1 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
EP2031665B1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
US8188495B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
CN101467272A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
CN101467272B (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
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