WO2001090091A1 - Inhibitors of 11-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type 1 - Google Patents

Inhibitors of 11-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type 1 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001090091A1
WO2001090091A1 PCT/SE2001/001156 SE0101156W WO0190091A1 WO 2001090091 A1 WO2001090091 A1 WO 2001090091A1 SE 0101156 W SE0101156 W SE 0101156W WO 0190091 A1 WO0190091 A1 WO 0190091A1
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Prior art keywords
methyl
thiazol
acetyl
tmazol
chloro
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PCT/SE2001/001156
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2001090091A8 (en
Inventor
Tjeerd Barf
Marianne Nilsson
Guido Kurz
Jerk VALLGÅRDA
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Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB
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Biovitrum AB
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Priority to US10/276,954 priority Critical patent/US7125900B2/en
Priority to EP01938885A priority patent/EP1283833A1/en
Priority to JP2001586279A priority patent/JP2003534337A/ja
Priority to NZ522507A priority patent/NZ522507A/en
Priority to CA002408142A priority patent/CA2408142C/en
Priority to AU6445601A priority patent/AU6445601A/xx
Priority to IL15267001A priority patent/IL152670A0/xx
Application filed by Biovitrum AB filed Critical Biovitrum AB
Publication of WO2001090091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001090091A1/en
Publication of WO2001090091A8 publication Critical patent/WO2001090091A8/en
Priority to NO20025587A priority patent/NO323779B1/no
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US11/511,224 priority patent/US20060287374A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, to processes for their preparation, as well as to the use of the compounds in medicine and for the preparation of a medicament which acts on the human 11- ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (ll ⁇ HSDl).
  • glucocorticoids have a central role in diabetes, e.g. the removal of the pituitary or the adrenal gland from a diabetic animal alleviates the most severe symptoms of diabetes and lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood (Long, CD. and F.D.W. Leukins (1936) J. Exp. Med. 63: 465- 490; Houssay, B.A. (1942) Endocrinology 30: 884-892). It is also well established that glucocorticoids enable the effect of glucagon on the liver.
  • Obesity is an important factor in syndrome X as well as in the majority (> 80%) of type 2 diabetic, and omental fat appears to be of central importance.
  • Abdominal obesity is closely associated with glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and other factors of the so-called syndrome X (e.g. raised blood pressure, decreased levels of HDL and increased levels of VLDL) (Montague & O'Rahilly, Diabetes 49: 883-888, 2000).
  • Inhibition of the enzyme in pre-adipocytes (stromal cells) has been shown to decrease the rate of differentiation into adipocytes. This is predicted to result in diminished expansion (possibly reduction) of the omental fat depot, i.e. reduced central obesity (Bujalska, I.J., S. Kumar, and P.M. Stewart (1997) Lancet 349: 1210-1213).
  • Adrenalectomy attenuates the effect of fasting to increase both food intake and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression. This supports the role of glucocorticoids in promoting food intake and suggests that inhibition of 1 l ⁇ HSDl in the brain might increase satiety and therefore reduce food intake (Woods, S.C et al. (1998) Science, 280: 1378-1383).
  • glucocorticoids suppress the immune system. But in fact there is a dynamic interaction between the immune system and the HPA (hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal) axis (Rook, G.A.W. (1999) Baillier's Clin.
  • 1 l ⁇ HSDl is suggested to have a role in aqueous production, rather than drainage, but it is presently unknown if this is by interfering with activation of the glucocorticoid or the mineralocorticoid receptor, or both.
  • Glucocorticoids have an essential role in skeletal development and function but are detrimental in excess.
  • Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss is derived, at least in part, via inhibition of bone formation, which includes suppression of osteoblast proliferation and collagen synthesis (Kim, C.H., S.L. Cheng, and G.S. Kim (1999) J. Endocrinol. 162: 371-379).
  • the negative effect on bone nodule formation could be blocked by the non-specific inhibitor carbenoxolone suggesting an important role of ll ⁇ HSDl in the glucocorticoid effect (Bellows, C.G., A. Ciaccia, and J.N.M. Heersche, (1998) Bone 23 : 119-125).
  • WO 99/65884 discloses carbon subtituted aminothiazole inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases. These compounds may e.g. be used against cancer, inflammation and arthritis.
  • US 5,856,347 discloses an antibacterial preparation or bactericide comprising 2- aminothiazole derivative and/or salt thereof.
  • US 5,403,857 discloses benzenesulfonamide derivatives having 5-li ⁇ oxygenase inhibitory activity.
  • tefrahydrot azolo[5,4-c]pyridines are disclosed in: Analgesic tetiahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridines. Fr. Addn. (1969), 18 pp, Addn. to Fr. 1498465.
  • FR 2384498 discloses thiazolo-benzenesulfonamides which show antibacterial, antifungal and hypoglycaemic properties.
  • WO99/28306 and EP 0 819 681 A2 relate to t azolobenzenesulfonamides which can be used for treating neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease.
  • JP 7149745 A2 and JP 7149746 A2 both describe 2-aminothiazole derivatives as esterase inhibitors. None is disclosed about inhibiting ll ⁇ HSDl.
  • JP 7309757 A2 relates to treating Alzheimer's disease using N- (5-nitio-2-thiazolyl)benzenesulfonamides.
  • JP 3173876 A2 presents preparation of diphenylthiazoles. These compounds are used as anti-inflammatories, analgesics, anti- allergy agents, uric acid accelerators and blood platelet aggregation inhibitors.
  • EP 0 790 057 Al discloses an antibacterial or bactericide comprising a 2-aminothiazole derivative.
  • US 2 362 087 describes the preparation of thiazolobenzenesulfonamides, such as 2-bromobenzenesulfonamido-4-methylthiazole. Notiiing is disclosed about iiihibiting ll ⁇ HSDl and no therapeutic use of such substances is disclosed.
  • the compounds according to the present invention solve the above problems and embraces a novel class of compounds which has been developed and which inhibit the human 11- ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11- ⁇ -HSDi), and may therefore be of use in the treating disorders such as diabetes, obesity, glaucoma, osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, immune disorders, and depression.
  • 11- ⁇ -HSDi human 11- ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme
  • One object of the present invention is a compound of the formula (I)
  • T is a monocyclic aryl ring or monocyclic heteroaryl ring, optionally independently substituted by [R] n , wherein n is an integer 0-5, and R is hydrogen, C ⁇ - 6 -alkyl, halogen, aryl or aryloxy, wherein the aryloxy residue can further be optionally substituted in one or more positions independently of each other by cyano and halogen;
  • A is Ci- 6 -alkyl, vinyl or 3-(ethyl 3-methylbutanoate);
  • B is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, halogenated C ⁇ -6-alkyl, - 6 -acyl or . -alkoxycarbonyl; as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
  • T is selected from 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-thienyl and phenyl substituted with one or more of bromo, chloro, 3-chloro-2-cyanophenoxy, fluoro, methyl, phenyl, n-propyl;
  • A is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, vinyl or 3-(ethyl 3-methylbutanoate);
  • B is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, acetyl and carbethoxy.
  • T is a substituted phenyl group
  • phenyl ring is substituted as follows:
  • T is phenyl, wherein the phenyl is substituted with one or more of 3-chloro- 2-cyanophenoxy, fluoro, phenyl, n-propyl and, in o- or m-position, bromo, chloro, methyl; b) T is phenyl substituted with at least two chloro and optionally one or more methyl; or
  • T is phenyl substituted with one bromo and 2 fluoro.
  • Another object of the present invention is a compound as described above for medical use.
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of a compound as described above comprising at least one of the following steps: a) sulfonamide coupling by reacting a 2-aminothiazole with a sulfonylchloride in the presence of a base, b) sulfonamide coupling by reacting a 2-aminothiazole derivative with a sulfonylchloride in the presence of a base, c) saponification by treatment of a carboxylic acid ester with aqueous hydroxide, d) amide coupling by reacting a carboxylic acid with an amine in the presence of
  • EDCI e) formation of a thiazole ring by reacting an optionally substituted thiourea with an ⁇ -haloketone, f) formation of a thiazole ring by reacting a thiourea with a ketone, g) reduction of an ester with lithium aluminium hydride, h) conversion of an alcohol to a bromide with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrabromide, i) elimination of a bromide with a base to an alkene.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for the treatment or prevention of diabetes, syndrome X, obesity, glaucoma, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, osteoporosis, tuberculosis, dementia, depression, virus diseases and mflammatory disorders, said method comprising administering to a mammal, including man, in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of the formula (I)
  • T is an aryl ring or heteroaryl ring, optionally independently substituted by [R] mention, wherein n is an integer 0-5, and R is hydrogen, halogen, aryl or aryloxy, wherein the aryloxy residue can further be optionally substituted in one or more positions independently of each other by cyano and halogen;
  • A is C ⁇ - 6 -alkyl, vinyl or 3-(ethyl 3-methylbutanoate);
  • B is hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ - 6 -alkyl, halogenated C ⁇ - 6 -alkyl, Ci-e-acyl or C ⁇ - 6 - alkoxycarbonyl; as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
  • These compounds may also be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention, management or treatment of diabetes, syndrome X, obesity, glaucoma, hyperHpidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, osteoporosis, tuberculosis, dementia, depression, virus diseases and inflammatory disorders.
  • T is selected from 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-thienyl and phenyl substituted with one or more of bromo, chloro, 3-chloro-2-cyanophenoxy, fluoro, methyl, phenyl, n-propyl;
  • A is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, vinyl or 3 -(ethyl 3-methylbutanoate);
  • B is selected from hydrogen, bromo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, 2,2,2- trichloroethyl, acetyl and carbethoxy.
  • Another object of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of the formula (I) as defined above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the compounds according to the present invention may be used in several indications which involve 11- ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme.
  • the compounds according to the present invention may be used against dementia (see WO97/07789), osteoporosis (see Canalis E 1996, Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in bone: implications to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81, 3441-3447) and may also be used disorders in the immune system (see Franchimont et al, "Inhibition of Thl immune response by glucocorticoids: dexamethasone selectively inhibits IL-12-induced Stat 4 phosphorylation in T lymphocytes", The journal of Immunology 2000, Feb 15, vol 164 (4), pages 1768-74) and also in the above listed indications.
  • aryl in the present description is intended to include aromatic rings (monocychc or bicyclic) having from 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms, such as phenyl (Ph; a monocyclic ring) and naphthyl (a bicyclic ring), which optionally may be substituted by Ci-e-alkyl.
  • substituted aryl groups are benzyl and 2-methyl ⁇ henyl.
  • heteroaryl means in the present description a monocyclic, bi- or tricyclic aromatic ring system (only one ring need to be aromatic) having from 5 to 14, preferably 5 to 10 ring atoms such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 ring atoms (mono- or bicyclic), in which one or more of the ring atoms are other than carbon, such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and selenium.
  • heteroaryl rings examples are pyrrole, imidazole, thiophene, furan, thiazole, isothiazole, thiadiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, chroman, isochroman, quinoline, quinoxaline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, cmnoline, quinazoline, indple, isoindole, indoline, isoindoline, benzothiophene, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, benzoxazole, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, benzothiazole, 2,1,3-benzothiazole, 2,1,3- benzoselenadiazole, benzimidazole, indazole, benzodioxane, indane,
  • Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl rings are pyrrole, imidazole, thiophene, furan, thiaz le, isothiazole, thiadiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazole, triazole, and tetrazole.
  • C ⁇ _6 ⁇ alkyl in the compound of formula (I) according to the present apphcation is preferably Ci-4-alkyl.
  • Exemplary alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, and isohexyl.
  • C i-.6-alkoxy in the compound of formula (I) according to the present application may be straight or branched, is preferably C ⁇ _4-alkoxy.
  • Exemplary alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, hexyloxy, and isohexyloxy.
  • C ⁇ _6-acyl in the compound of formula (I) according to the present application may be saturated or unsaturated and is preferably C ⁇ _4-acyl.
  • exemplary acyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, butenoyl (e.g. 3- butenoyl), hexenoyl (e.g. 5-hexenoyl).
  • halogen in the present description is intended to include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • prodrug forms in the present description means a pharmacologically acceptable derivative, such as an ester or an amide, which derivative is biotransformed in the body to form the active drug (see Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics, 8 th ed., McGraw-Hill, Int. Ed. 1992, "Biotransformation of Drugs, p. 13-15).
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable” means in the present description being useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable and includes being useful for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” mean in the present description salts which are pharmaceutically acceptable, as defined above, and which possess the desired pharmacological activity.
  • Such salts include acid addition salts formed with organic and inorganic acids, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, ftm aric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, ascorbic acid and the like.
  • Base addition salts may be formed with organic and inorganic bases, such as sodium, ammonia, potassium, calcium, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, N-methylglucamine, choline and the like.
  • compositions according to the present invention contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier together with at least one of the compounds comprising the formula (I) as described herein above, dissolved or dispersed therein as an active, antimicrobial, ingredient.
  • the therapeutic composition is not immunogenic when administered to a human patient for therapeutic purposes, unless that purpose is to induce an immune response.
  • the preparation of a pharmacological composition that contains active ingredients dissolved or dispersed therein is well understood in the art. Typically such compositions are prepared as sterile injectables either as liquid solutions or suspensions, aqueous or non-aqueous, however, solid forms suitable for solution, or suspensions, in liquid prior to use can also be prepared. The preparation can also be emulsified.
  • the active ingredient may be mixed with excipients, which are pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient and in amounts suitable for use in the therapeutic methods described herein.
  • Suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol or the like and combinations thereof.
  • the composition may contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like which enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient.
  • Adjuvants may also be present in the composition.
  • aqueous carriers are well known in the art.
  • exemplary of liquid carriers are sterile aqueous solutions that contain no materials in addition to the active ingredients and water, or contain a buffer such as sodium phosphate at physiological pH value, physiological saline or both, such as phosphate-buffered saline.
  • aqueous carriers can contain more than one buffer salt, as well as salts such as sodium and potassium chlorides, dextrose, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and other solutes.
  • Liquid compositions can also contain liquid phases in addition to and to t e exclusion of water.
  • additional liquid phases are glycerine, vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, organic esters such as ethyl oleate, and water-oil emulsions.
  • compositions comprising compounds comprising the formula (I), may include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of that component therein as set out above.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the acid addition salts (formed with the free amino groups of the polypeptide) that are formed with inorganic acids such as, for example, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids, or such organic acids as acetic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid and the like. Salts formed with the free carboxyl groups can also be derived from inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.
  • the preparations according to the preferred embodiments may be administered orally, topically, intraperitoneally, intraarticularly, intracranially, intradermally, intramuscularly, intraocularly, intrathecally, intravenously, subcutaneously.
  • Other routes which are known for the skilled person in the art are thinkable.
  • compositions according to the present invention may be in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, lozenges, liquid or gel preparations, such as oral, topical or sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions.
  • Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose presentation form and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, traganath or polyvinyl-pyrrohdone; fillers e.g. lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricant e.g.
  • Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of e.g. aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, e.g. sorbitol, syrup, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin hydrogenated edible fats; emulsifying agents e.g.
  • non-aqueous vehicles which may include edible oils, e.g. almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters such as glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives e.g. methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and if desired conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
  • edible oils e.g. almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters such as glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol
  • preservatives e.g. methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and if desired conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
  • a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may comprise typically an amount of at least 0.1 weight percent of compound comprising the formula (I) per weight of total therapeutic composition.
  • a weight percent is a ratio by weight of total composition.
  • 0.1 weight percent is 0.1 grams of compound comprising the formula (I) per 100 grams of total composition.
  • a suitable daily oral dose for a mammal, preferably a human being may vary widely depending on the condition of the patient. However a dose . of compound comprising the formula (I) of about 0.1 to 300 mg/kg body weight may be appropriate.
  • compositions according to the present invention may also be used veterinarily and thus they may comprise a veterinarily acceptable excipient or carrier.
  • the compounds of the present invention in labelled form may be used as a diagnostic agent.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) above may be prepared by, or in analogy with, conventional methods, and especially according to or in analogy with the following methods. Further, the pharmacology in-vitro was studied using the following reagents and methods.
  • [1, 2(n) - H]-cortisone was purchased from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech.
  • Anti- cortisol monoclonal mouse antibody, clone 6D6.7 was obtained from Immunotech and Scintillation proximity assay (SPA) beads coated with monoclonal antimouse antibodies were from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech.
  • NADPH, tetrasodium salt was from Calbiochem and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) was supplied by Sigma.
  • the human 11- ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 enzyme (11- ⁇ -HSD was expressed in Pichiapastoris.
  • 18- ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) was obtained from Sigma.
  • the 11- ⁇ -HSDi enzyme assay was carried out in 96 well microtiter plates (Packard, Optiplate) in a total well volume of 220 ⁇ L and contained 30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.2 with 1 mM EDTA, a substrate mixture tritiated Cortisone/NADPH (175 nM / 181 ⁇ M), G-6-P (1 mM) and inhibitors in serial dilutions (9 to 0.15 ⁇ M). Reactions were initiated by the addition of human 11- ⁇ -HSD t , either as Pichiapastoris cell homogenate or microsomes prepared from Pichiapastoris (the final amount of enzyme used was varied between 0.057 to 0.11 mg/mL).
  • the plates were covered with plastic film and incubated on a shaker for 30 minutes, at room temperature, before counting.
  • the amount of [ 3 H]-cortisol, bound to the beads was determined in a microplate liquid scintillation counter.
  • the calculation of the Kj values for the inhibitors was performed by use of Activity Base.
  • the K; value is calculated from IC 50 and the K m value is calculated using the Cheng Prushoff equation (with reversible inhibition that follows the Michaelis-Menten equation):
  • Kj IC 50 (l+[S]/K m ) [Cheng, Y.C.; Prushoff, W.H. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1973, 22, 3099-3108].
  • the IC 50 is measured experimentally in an assay wherein the decrease of the turnover of cortisone to cortisol is dependent on the inhibition potential of each substance.
  • the Ki values of the compounds of the present invention for the 11- ⁇ -HSDl enzyme he typically between about 10 nM and about 10 ⁇ M. Illustrative of the invention, the following Ki values have been determined in the human 11 - ⁇ -HSDl enzyme assay (see Table 1):
  • Table 1 Ki values determined in the human 11- ⁇ -HSDl enzyme assay.
  • Reverse phase preparative HPLC was carried out on a 100 x 21.2 mm, 5 ⁇ Hypersil Elite column eluting with a gradient of 5% ACN in 95% water to 95% ACN in 5% water (0.2% TFA buffer) over 10 mins at a flow rate of 20 mL / min with the UV detector set at 254 nm.
  • Thin layer chromatography was carried out using pre-coated silica gel F-254 plates (thickness 0.25 mm). Electrospray MS spectra were obtained on a Micromass platform LCMS spectrometer.
  • DIEA N,N- ⁇ isopropylethylamine
  • DMAP 4-dimethylammopyridine
  • EDCI l-(3- ⁇ methylan_ ⁇ mo ⁇ ro ⁇ yl)-3-ethylc ⁇ bodhmide hydrochloride
  • EDTA ethylene&aminetetraacetic acid
  • HOAT l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
  • HOBT 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate
  • THF tetiahydrofuran SULFONAMIDE COUPLINGS: .
  • the carboxylic acid was suspended in DCM (0.05M) followed by the addition of EDCI (1.1 eq), triethylamine (3 eq), DMAP (0.5 eq) and the amine of choice (1.2 eq). DMF was added when the starting materials did not dissolve properly. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature over night. The organic phase was washed with aqueous HC1 (1 M), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product amide was purified by flash column chromatography on sihca gel, eluting with methanol (1— 3— »6%) in DCM or ethyl acetate.
  • the title compound was prepared according to METHOD A from 4-methyl-5-(2,2,2- tricMoroe yl)-l,3-tMazol-2-ylamine (123 mg, 0.5 mmol, prepared according to Dodinov, A.A et al (1993) Chem. Heterocycl. Comp (Eng. Transl.) 29(8): 955-958) and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (140 mg, 0.5 mmol). The solution was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight.
  • the title compound was prepared from 5-acetyl-2-a ⁇ mo-4-methylthiazole and 4-n- propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as described in the synthetic METHOD B to give a white sohd (11.6 mg) with purity >90%: MS (pos) m/z 339.2; HRMS m/z 338.0748 (calc. of monoisotopic mass for C 15 H 18 N 2 ⁇ 3 S 2 gives 338.0759).
  • the title compound was prepared from 5-acetyl-2-a ⁇ o-4-methylthiazole (42 mg) and 4-bromo-2,5-d fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (79 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD B to give a white solid (21.0 mg) with purity >90%: MS (pos) m/z 411.2, 413.2.
  • This compound was prepared from ethyl 2-amino-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate and 4-biphenylsulfoiryl chloride as described for EXAMPLE 30 with the exception that it was not recrystalhzed. Yield 96 mg, 24%: 1H NMR (DMSO) ⁇ 7.8-7.95 (m, 4H), 7.65- 7.75 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.55 (m, 3H), 4.23 (q, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.26 (t, 3H); MS-ES (neg) m/z 401.2.
  • EXAMPLE 32 [243H] Ethyl 4-methyl-2- ⁇ [(4-propylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino ⁇ -l,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate This compound was prepared from ethyl 2-amino-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate and 4-n-propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as described for EXAMPLE 30 with the exception that it was not recrystalhzed.
  • This compound was prepared from ethyl 2-amino-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as described for EXAMPLE 30 with the exception that it was purified by recrystallization only. Yield 249 mg, 58%: 1H NMR (DMSO) ⁇ 7.84 (s, 2H), 4.23 (q, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.25 (t, 3H); MS-ES (neg) m/z 429.1.

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